Cumle Tamamlama

ICON YABANCI DL AKADEMS
1.
It was somewhere near here ____ .
5.
A) now the dogs caught the scent of the fox

again
A) Quite a lot of the objections will be easily

dealt with
B) where the fire-fighters lose control
B) The foreman may take it on himself to fire

the man
C) before the road turns off to the right

D) that they will leave the road and make off
through the woods.
C) Several people are thinking of declining

the invitation
E) that the accident occurred
2.
D) Several nations boycotted the games

E) Conclusions reigned at the following
meeting
____ , there was something un-English about

his sentence structure
A) Since Raleigh made classical writers his
models
6.
B) If that were really a translation
3.
____ , although they didnt have any really

serious grounds for doing so.
Once we get through with the background

material ____.
C) However difficult it is to read
A) the weather is still not suitable for on-site

work
D) Before he has time to develop a style of

his own
B) we still havent had any opportunity to get

down to the practical work
E) Once he has established his reputation
C) the course will start to get much more

interesting
D) work on the wards proved demanding as
well as rewarding
Cant you remember even approximately

____?
E) as hardly surprising that were progressing

so slowly
A) that had been changed

B) where have they decided to hold the
meeting
C) how far is it to Istanbul from here
7.
D) how many people we are expecting
A) Never before had he faced failure
E) what sort of an excuse had been made
4.
____ even though he hasnt got enough

financial backing for it.
B) Thats the city of it all

C) Technical matters had received the largest
share of his attention
In the latter half of the century, political

ideas and opinions dominated poetry ____ .
D) The scheme was hardly likely to succeed
A) that it was not to be expected
E) He seems determined to go ahead with

the project
B) more than they ever had done before

C) which wouldnt have been surprising
D) especially if poets are young
E) even if sensuous writing would have
remained popular
Sayfa 1 / 68

8.
However far-fetched the story may seem,

____ .
12. Do not attempt to cut down or prune large

trees ____ .
A) people say that truth is stranger than

fiction
A) just as branches that appeared healthy

had in fact been rotten inside
B) newspaper headlines are, after all, far

from reliable
B) unless you are absolutely confident that

you can do it properly
C) we can assume that there is a basis of

truth in it
C) by making sure that your neighbours were

not opposed to it at all
D) we have always known she loves to

exaggerate
D) if the weather conditions had not been

taken into account
E) it really doesnt matter if some details are

wrong
E) in case the manager rejected the findings
13. Unless we get a lot of rain soon, ____

9.
Even the chief engineer was impressed at the

speed and efficiency ____
A) the price of fruit this year has been very

reasonable
A) until more problems have appeared
B) a great deal of land is still under water
B) that the project will be finished on time
C) the rainy season came late this year
C) whether the workers were prepared to go

on strike
D) they have already put away their winter

clothes
D) although some of the members had been

warned earlier
E) the harvest this year will be a poor one
E) with which the team worked

14. ____ which will further aggravate the
unemployment problem.
10. The doctor was so kind and considerate ____
A) before the surgery is carried out
B) If I should decide to go through with the
operation
A) Several companies are considering

reductions in the work force
B) No solutions were forthcoming
C) that all my misgivings vanished
C) Everyone was genuinely concerned about

the situation
D) when it is obvious that the patient has

recovered greatly
D) The minister had been under attack for

some time
E) As soon as I am discharged from hospital
E) The police should have combed the area

for the person responsible
11. ____ , the response of the West divided

world opinion
A) As soon as the NATO countries have
formulated an effective policy
B) Unless Iraq is severely punished for its
aggression
C) No matter how the board is constituted
D) As was to be expected
E) When the oil-producing countries gather
in Vienna to discuss
Sayfa 2 / 68

15. ____ before the town planners took their job
seriously
18. Even though the imagery James Joyce used in

his novels is intensely personal, ____
A) City planning has continued to be their

prime concern
A) themes related to Irish life had always

been popular among Irish novelists.
B) A great many ugly apartment blocks were

built
B) he had played a major role in the

development of the novel.
C) A good architect views his work within the

context of the area at large
C) some critics have argued that it has

archetypal patterns.
D) In this respect new cities are at a great

advantage
D) perhaps the best-known Irish writer is

Bernard Shaw.
E) New cities never have the same

atmosphere as the old
E) most Irish writers have been keenly

interested in drama.
16. ____ how close he had been to winning the

election
A) To be perfectly honest I was considerably
relieved
19. ____ only after the Iraqi government has

fully complied with the resolutions of the
Security Council.
A) Life in Kuwait would have returned to
normal
B) It shouldnt have been misinterpreted
B) The Gulf Crisis had to be solved
C) Even his own supporters were surprised

when they learned
C) The economic embargo imposed on Iraq

can be lifted
D) The votes had finally been counted
D) The oil wells in Kuwait were set on fire
E) He should have withdrawn from the

election campaign
17. As soon as the German troops crossed the

Polish frontier, ____
E) The pollution of the seas in the region is a

matter of great concern
20. ____ that the sale of the factory was illegal.
A) the allied forces had launched their first

massive attack.
A) The magistrate was of the opinion

B) Those responsible were prosecuted
B) the people have been massacred and

towns devastated.
C) The process of laundering the black money

has been discovered
C) the Poles withdraw to a more strategic

position.
D) The documents submitted by the firm

were all forged
D) Britain declared war against Germany.
E) The police have arrested the owners
E) disease had not been prevented.

21. Dams can only be constructed in places ____
A) in which there were adequate supplies of
water
B) where the ecological structure is suitable
C) from which towns and villages may have
to be constructed
D) wherever the river bed has dried up
E) that there are mountains as well as rivers
Sayfa 3 / 68

22. ____ not even his wife will be allowed to visit
him.
26. James insisted on taking us all for dinner

____ .
A) Before the results of the tests had come

through
A) whenever he comes to Istanbul for a

weekend
B) Although the surgeon was unwilling to

operate for a week
B) since hes really very hard up at the

moment
C) As long as the patient started to recover
C) even though he really couldnt afford to
D) Despite the fact that he proved allergic to

certain medicines
D) that there was so little to eat in the house

E) before the contract would have been
signed
E) While he remains in the intensive care unit
23. ____ the trend to withdraw savings from

bank continues
27. ____ hell never be as successful as his father

is.
A) Since the value of many shares on the

stock would have dropped by as much as a
half every hour
A) However hard he tries

B) He should have realised years ago
C) It must have been hard for him to admit
B) When export restrictions on certain goods

were finally lifted
D) Walter should have said

E) It didnt seem likely
C) If the Central Bank had taken firmer

instructions at the start
D) Unless the interest rates are raised at once
E) Inasmuch as the financial situation is
steadily deteriorating
28. I would require a number of people in this

company to take early retirement, ____ .
A) until the affair is forgotten
B) since I have the authority to do so
24. ____ the end result was extremely

disappointing.
C) that such a scandal had really happened

D) were I in full charge
A) Although much energy and time had gone

into the production of the play
E) even if I had been fully informed of

matters well in advance
B) Even if the government has approved the

new scheme
C) Working only a few hours a day
29. ____ as if surgery may be unnecessary.
D) Owing to the qualified employees
A) They had already explained
E) What made the staff feel disappointed
B) In the light of the latest report, it looks

C) The doctor might have decided
D) According to the final tests one can
conclude
25. All medicines should be kept in a safe place

____ .
E) The patient was encouraged
A) in case there were any side effects

B) if they can be found in an emergency
C) so that they were kept cool
D) where small children cannot reach them
E) which mustnt exceed the recommended
dose
Sayfa 4 / 68

30. ____ by the time they him got to the
hospital.
33. I wished I hadn't given him a job in the firm

_____
A) The cause of the accident will be fully

understood
A) although he is less efficient than I once

assumed
B) He has been critically ill
B) unless he makes a big effort to prove he

can be useful
C) The condition of patient had deteriorated

considerably
C) wherever a suitable vacancy may occur
D) They still dont realise how serious his

situation is
D) that my father was a founding member

E) when I saw him behaving in such an
irresponsible manner
E) The doctor on duty should give him a

blood transfusion
34. Alec must have taken my car _____

31. ____ unless more funding is made available.
A) since no one else knows where I keep the

car keys
A) He was praised for his scholarly

achievement
B) that I left it in front of the office
B) He failed to reach any satisfactory

conclusion
C) if we have arranged to meet at the

dentists
C) The company has taken serious measures

to improve the working conditions
D) since he would never do such a thing

E) as soon as I get back from the concert
D) No remarkable progress had been made

E) It will be impossible to carry out any
further research
35. Wouldn't it be advisable to seek a second

opinion _____?
A) as events were to prove in the end
32. ____ that nothing concrete had emerged

from the negotiation concerning the
continental shelf.
B) if the operation had to take place

C) that it was legally sound
A) As members of the committee we were

extremely disappointed to learn
D) before we come to any definite decision

E) why there were no obvious problems
B) The public opinion polls revealed a lack of

interest
C) Both delegations have been withdrawn
D) So far neither side has been involved
36. The new American administration is still

hesitating about _____
A) who would have presided over the Senate
E) Clearly, the legal position makes it

imperatives
B) why so many new taxes had been imposed

C) whether to increase expenditure on
education
D) how the problem of famine in Asia had
been overcome
E) which programme had been approved by
the committee
Sayfa 5 / 68

37. Unless the northern part of the country gets
some rain soon _____
41. The officer in charge of the evacuation tried

to find out ____ .
A) they were considering reducing supplies even

further
A) in case the roads had been flooded

B) so that the people escape
B) cotton would not have been a suitable crop for

the area
C) whether the tents would reach them by

the evening
C) they have already started to irrigate the rice

fields
D) however hungry everyone might have

been
D) it seems that the new dam is not very efficient

E)
E) that more supplies will be needed
there'll be a poor fruit crop this year

42. Are you really convinced ____ ?
38. Even though there were a great many

applicants for the vacancy, _____
A) that these measures will help to increase

exports
A) not one of them had the qualifications

required
B) why the land in this area has been eroded

in this way
B) actually the salary is expected to improve
C) how far the American involvement in

Somalia is to the benefit of the people
C) the new recruits will be put on a threeweek special training program
D) who first put the idea into his head
D) unfortunately some of the staff had

already resigned
E) where the rare species of birds are still to

be found
E) the personnel department cannot cope

with the paper work
43. I suggest you finish all the work by noon ____
A) whenever there happened to be an
important match on the television
39. _____ which has a fairly central situation.

A) They seemed interested in both houses
B) why you want to go to the lake for a swim
B) We really need a hotel

C) I arrived late for the meeting
C) whether you demanded an increase in

your wages
D) it should have been easy to get there
D) however impossible it was
E) His mother decided to come by car
E) so that you can take the afternoon off
40. _____ that the case was far more

complicated than he had originally thought.
44. I fear a lot of workers will be made

redundant, ____ .
A) According to the lawyer, much is involved
A) just as the global computer market would

have declined rapidly
B) The witnesses were called in
B) when so many other factories had been

closed down
C) As the police had reported

D) Following the uproar caused by the press
coverage
C) since so many of us are looking forward to

our retirement
E) In the light of the new evidence, the judge

realized
D) unless the company finds new markets for

its goods
E) whatever improvements could be made in
the working conditions
Sayfa 6 / 68

45. ____ they still havent chosen the team of
the engineers.
48. Since there was no positive evidence against

him, ____ .
A) Although work on the project should have

started last week
A) the police have always suspected he is the

murderer
B) When they start work on the dam next

week
B) the witnesses have been completely

unsatisfactory
C) Whoever made the designs for this block

of flats
C) the verdict had already been given
D) In order to find out why the plane crashed
D) the trial would have been postponed

indefinitely
E) As soon as the new model became

available
E) the judge had no other choice but to

acquit him
46. ____ , the United Nations is still far from

reaching any agreement on what action take.
49. Cars entail a great many expenses ____ .

A) so long as one doesnt use them
excessively
A) Whatever the price that has to be paid to

restore peace
B) If the famine in Africa is to get relief
B) unless one could get a sufficient loan from

the bank
C) While many innocent lives are being lost in

internal conflicts
C) in case a number of people cannot afford

them
D) Whoever is responsible for all this

bloodshed
D) so its worth thinking carefully before

buying one
E) Despite the fact that the world population

had increased at an unprecedented rate
E) however essential they were thought to be

in business life
47. If you knew him as well as I do ____ .

A) he is admired by his colleagues
50. Undoubtedly, the life-style we have today

differs radically from that ____ .
A) which our parents know
B) you would not trust him at all
B) one which had been vividly described

before by various authors
C) we were very disappointed by his

performance
C) because the Industrial Revolution would

have brought about a major social
transformation
D) he could have been assigned this special

task
E) I would have accused him of negligence
D) as long as a majority of the people still

work on the land
E) if the governments wage policy leads to
an improvement in working conditions
Sayfa 7 / 68

51. Unemployment continued to rise during the
first half of the decade, ____ .
54. They live so far out of the town ____ .

A) even though they enjoyed all the
advantages of city life
A) even if the workers could have received

additional fringe benefits
B) who have lost contact with so many good

friends
B) as the rate of inflation will go up

accordingly
C) as one can get there only by taking a taxi
C) while most companies would have been

badly hit
D) as long as the land they had bought was

extremely cheap
D) but thereafter stabilised at about six per

cent
E) that they can rarely go to a concert or a

theatre
E) despite the fact that the volume of exports

cannot be increased
55. Once the final draft of the contract is
approved, ____ .
52. After the new law comes into effect next
month, ____ .
A) the United States agreed not to intervene

any further
A) there will be a radical change in the

structure of local administration
B) the members of the two delegations

would have worked out their differences
B) we should have prepared the way for a

smooth political transition
C) it will then be typed and submitted for

ratification
C) the policy on industrial relations had to be

abandoned
D) the next stage was to estimate the costs

E) a number of concessions were to be made
by both sides
D) all the hospitals in the country had been

made accountable to the Ministry of
Health
E) the case may have been reconsidered
56. As the miners have called off the strike ____ .

A) the daily coal production had increased
considerably
53. It is not wise to come between two people

____ .
A) that they were both interested in the same
post
B) who are quarrelling
B) the Coal Board is prepared to reconsider

the proposals of the union leaders
C) if the chairman of the Coal Board
expressed his satisfaction
D) there would have been a sense of relief
nationwide
C) because they hadnt realised how strong

they were
E) the extent of the dispute was being

ignored
D) although one had met the requirements

E) until both sides took the opportunity to
settle their problem
Sayfa 8 / 68

57. ____ I dont think it will be able to hold off
an attack of the rebels.
60. ____ such a restrictive policy is likely to cause

a lot of damage.
A) As Bosnia drawing to its close
A) As soon as the new managing director

took up his position
B) Until more troops were mobilised
B) Should the monetary situation have

deteriorated
C) Wherever there are skirmishes along the

frontier
C) In case the receipts turned out to be

forgeries
D) Since our allies had promised more

reinforcements
D) Just as the world economy was picking up
E) Unless the peace keeping force gets

adequate reinforcements
E) As far as the long term interests of the

company are concerned
58. ____ we will not stay away from the basic

policies that our party has always upheld.
61. ____ that most of the evidence submitted by

the plaintiff could not be sustained.
A) When the polling, which had been heavy,

was over
A) In his appraisal of the case the lawyer

reminded us
B) Although we are bitterly disappointed at

the outcome of the recent elections
B) As was expected the witnesses were

brought into the courtroom
C) Which party got the majority of the votes
C) The judge himself has been accused
D) Even if they had had a landslide victory
D) The trial has lasted long enough
E) Since the results of the elections came in

so slowly
E) The final verdict has still to be given
59. ____ the judge would almost certainly have

been more lenient towards him.
62. So long as certain countries continue to

shelter terrorists ____ .
A) Despite the fact that he forged the title

indeed
A) the hope of preserving international

security was sheltered
B) If only we could bribe one of the witnesses
B) the United Nations should have taken

suitable action against them
C) Had he admitted his part in the affair from

the start
D) While our lawyer was negotiating the
terms of settlement with their lawyer
C) the government had taken the matter to

the Helsinki Conference
D) the chances of eradicating terrorism
unfortunately remain silent
E) Because the legal procedures make this

unavoidable
E) their aims would have been publicly

condemned throughout the West
Sayfa 9 / 68

63. However relentlessly they pursue this policy
of austerity ____ .
A) we would be determined to withstand any
political pressure
66. ____ , Huddersfield was one of the few

textile towns that continued to grow in the
twentieth century.
A) If the government lifted the sanctions
B) the country would have benefited from it

enormously
B) Since its trade was both flexible and varied

C) However unpopular the scheme had
seemed to many
C) the masses were deprived of the

opportunity to improve their living
conditions
D) As soon as the industrial revolution got

under way
D) the Opposition had denounced it

vehemently
E) Just as many industrial areas are

competing with each other
E) they will never manage to put the

economy onto a better footing
67. Smallpox inoculation became popular ____ .
A) that eventually this disease would have
been completely wiped out
64. Even though the Security Council has

imposed various sanctions on the country
____ .
B) even though the success rate, according to

recent statistics, is still rather doubtful
A) the other member countries were in

principle opposed to them
C) even if it had not been a fatal disease that

brought death to all levels of society
B) most of the people had been forced to

leave in dire distress
D) however unlikely one is to come in contact

with the disease
C) it doesnt seem likely that they will have

any effect at all
E) only after Janners discovery that the less

dangerous cowpox material was an
effective immunizing agent
D) nothing good had been gained out of it

E) the United Nations has ratified it
68. The helicopter has the ability to climb

vertically, ____ .
65. Many people take it for granted ____ .

A) whether they realised just how serious the
drug problem had become
A) even though the winds were blowing at

gale force
B) that the new interest policy has contributed

to the greater degree of stability in prices at
this period
B) if it can take off in a very restricted space
C) why no survivors were found

D) how all receipts and papers concerning the
transaction mysteriously disappeared
E) why the other passengers had absolutely no
comment to make at all about the accident
Sayfa 10 / 68
C) which, in certain circumstances, is its main

advantage over other types of aircraft
D) whenever the pilot felt himself obliged to
make a forced landing
E) if the cost of its upkeep hadnt been a
heavy burden on the budget

69. ____ , if any one party decides to ignore the
obligations it has undertaken in the treaty.
72. Before the national Health Service Act came

into force in 1948 in England, ____ .
A) Obviously, very serious problems will arise
A) the funding of hospitals was a major issue

in home politics
B) They may have rejected the offer
B) there have been angry debates about the

necessity for it
C) They were obviously determined to be

present at the opening of the talks
C) these people aren't able to afford medical

advice
D) The last speaker was quite adamant on the

need to resume fighting
D) everyone realised that these were all

fundamentally, political issues
E) The observes may have been very upset
E) many doctors would feel that the

transition had been extremely painful
70. ____ who played a unique role in the revival

of the ideals of classical antiquity
A) There is still a lively debate going on
among scholars
73. Grain dominates the world food economy

____ .
B) Dr. Davies lectured on the Renaissance
A) since it accounts for half of the human

calorie intake
C) He then went on to explain why such

Renaissance figures
B) which in turn has led to a greater interest

in nutrition
D) Leonardo da Vinci also lived in the

Renaissance
C) which might have resulted in the

emergence of a trade deficit
E) Petraich is rightly regarded as a humanist
D) that resulted in a moderate decline in

exchange rates
71. ____ , even though many countries are

stepping up their own production.
E) until the steep rise in the purchasing

power of oil put an end to it
A) This is just one of many developments in

international trade
B) England still imported a great deal of
tropical fruit
74. ____ , I had to notify not only the police but

also the health authorities.
C) Turkey's exports of fruit and vegetables

will have dropped sharply
A) Late as it is
B) However reluctant I may be
D) Steel remains an important item on

international trade
C) Whoever sends in the complaint

D) As it turned out
E) By the end of the month figures

concerning the dollar reserves will have
been processed
E) Until this finally becomes law
Sayfa 11 / 68

75. Naturally he was amazed to learn ____ .
78. Although global environmental trends over

the past few decades have generally not
been favourable, ____ .
A) whichever business managed to increase

their profits towards the end of the year
A) the built up of new houses in the forests

would have been reduced
B) how anyone can survive even two days in

the North Sea
B) some positive developments are

nevertheless beginning to emerge
C) that she had set her heart on going back to

Johannesburg
C) they had inadvertently assumed

responsibility for it
D) where I have hidden the key to garage

E) until the whole dept has been paid back to
the very last penny
D) future generations would not have been

deprived of the opportunity to support
themselves
E) deforestation proved to be the lesser of
the two evils
76. Queen Elizbeth I delighted to participate in

the court dance ____ .
A) since nobody has dared to criticise her
B) if her health would have permitted her to
C) even when she was an old lady
79. Unless strict measures are put into force to

control noise ____ .
A) the migration to rural areas seems likely to
continue unabated
D) whenever there may be an audience to

applaud her
B) the complaints were not attended to at all
E) that she liked to be the centre of attention
C) every teenager seemed to be enamoured

of extremely loud music
77. Once the new system had gone into effect
____ .
D) this would have been regarded as a

serious breach of regulations
A) everyone had predicted the drawbacks

from the start
E) a rural existence would naturally have

been preferable
B) the organisers wont face innumerable

problems
C) few of us were prepared for such
devastating result
80. ____ that he genuinely regretted the role he

had played in it.
A) I may be quite wrong
D) those who oppose it are advised to stay

silent
B) It wouldnt surprise me at all
E) people realised that their anxieties about

it had been groundless
C) The manner in which he begged us to

overlook the incident showed
D) Surely its worth investigating the matter
further it had been quite obvious
E) It had been quite obvious
Sayfa 12 / 68

81. _____ you get magnificent views of the oakcovered slopes of these coastal mountain
ranges that rise up from the Pacific.
84. Darwins theory of evolution was based on

the observation _____ .
A) while amassing evidence for 25 years in
support of it
A) If only the new road had been opened

B) As they headed for San Francisco
B) why many people of his own age were

reluctant to admit it
C) However unfairly the state of the roads

was being attacked
C) whether his insight really was

revolutionary
D) Even though a great deal of money went

into constructing the road
D) that all individuals of the same species are

not identical
E) As you drive along the coast road
E)
since the multiplicity of forms seemed

unending
82. Dramatic changes have been taking place in

the United States _____ .
85. Although the effects of the famine have been
made worse by the political instability in the
country _____ .
A) ever since non-European immigrants

began to pour into the country
B) until new regulations concerning
immigrants were introduced
A) the West would have shown its sympathy

in a most generous manner
C) which started at the turn of the century
B) it was beyond the power of any

government to undertake the
responsibility
D) some of which would have been regarded

as harmful
E) as soon as World War II ended
C) a fair distribution of the available food will

have been achieved
D) so one disaster was naturally followed by
another
83. One of the best suggestions was put forward

by Dr Johnson _____ .
E) food is now being distributed wherever it

is needed
A) that the managing director was especially

impressed
B) who is generally the quietest member of
the board
86. _____ , but it is not the only one.
C) though the financial demands might be

difficult to meet
A) Newspaper prices have risen dramatically

in recent years
D) unless it was approved by the committee
B) Most diseases are caused by germs and

bad hygiene
E) before any one else has time to make any

contribution to the discussion
C) Technological competition is a serious

problem for the book industry
D) The printing press was invented by Johann
Gutenberg in Mainz, Germany in the
fifteenth century
E) The judge rebuked the witnesses for their
disrespectful behaviour during the trial
Sayfa 13 / 68

87. _____ that they will be made redundant once
the office has been computerised.
A) They called off the strike
90. ____ some of Americas most innovative

architects set about rebuilding it in a bold
style known as the Chicago school.
A) After a great fire destroyed much of
Chicago in 1871
B) The board of directors discussed the

matter fully
B) While Chicago was soon to emerge as the

literary capital of the United States
C) The management adopted new marketing

policies
C) Because Chicago has traditionally been

regarded as the great laboratory of
American democracy
D) The prospect for the company looks rather

gloomy
E) Most of the staff are certain
D) As immigrants from many European

countries had settled in ethnic enclaves in
Chicago
88. If your boss asked you to take an extra work

without more money _____ ?
E) As long as Chicago remains the gateway to

the rest of the nation for food products
and industrial opportunities
A) have you discussed the matter with him

B) would you agree to do so
C) why do you think he may have suggested
this
91. The company will need fewer office workers

____ .
D) what was the reaction of your colleagues
A) since some were looking for jobs with

other firms
E) will you resign at once
B) when the computer network has been

installed
89. Construction workers will go on strike next

Monday ____ .
C) as long as the sales continued to increase
A) that they negotiated for over five hours

and were unable to reach an agreement
with the management
D) in order to discuss ways of combating

unemployment
E) even though the current economic
recession is likely to continue for another
six months
B) so long as the only solution for a

settlement is an independent enquiry into
their working condition
C) because the two sides have done their
best to settle their dispute by bargaining
D) in case the workers were asked to
compromise and accept a pay rise of 20 %
92. Earlier this century, Chicago acquired a

reputation for colourful politicians,
newspapermen and gangsters, ____ .
E) unless the management agrees to accept

their claim for a 60 % pay increase
A) simply because commerce has been the

key to the citys development
B) just as today Chicago remains a city of
close-knit ethnic neighbourhoods
C) even though the city has become a centre
for meat products
D) but its cultural life was less well known
then
E) as it is located at the conjunction of the
Great Lakes and the Mississippi River
system and surrounded by the productive
farmlands of the Midwest
Sayfa 14 / 68

93. Though the term human rights is of recent
origin, ____ .
95. When a firm wants to fill a vacancy, ____ .

A) there are always staff who want to leave
for various reasons
A) there are certain actions that are never

permissible and certain freedoms that
should never be invaded
B) the candidates have all been required to

write an essay on the current economic
situation in Europe
B) after 1933 the Western world realised that

it was living in an age of totalitarian
dictatorship far worse than old monarchic
absolutism
C) the applicants were invited for an

interview before a committee of
specialists
C) natural rights can be seen in their origins

as claims that everyone naturally makes
D) it is essential that future managers must

be trained as thoroughly as possible
D) some politicians claim that any doctrine of

human rights must be in some sense a
doctrine of natural rights
E) the idea itself can be traced back through
John Locke in the seventeenth century to
the great philosophers of classical
antiquity
E) it usually puts an advertisement in a

newspaper
96. ____ , he refuses to accept any of their

suggestions.
A) Even though the committee members had
approved the plan in full
B) While the speaker considers politics to be
the art of persuasion
94. As unemployment is currently a major social

issue, ____ .
C) Since he is so prejudiced in this matter
A) the strikes have really crippled the

industry and, consequently, the export of
manufactured goods has come to a
standstill
D) Because the discussions at the conference

would have included a wide range of
issues
B) the measures introduced had little effect

on the improvement of the countrys
economic performance
E) if they told him that he had to make up his

mind as soon as possible
C) its worst economic effects have been

partly softened by the governments
introduction of unemployment
compensation
97. ____ how much this Finnish directors films

manage to communicate.
A) You didnt show any reaction
D) the economic prospect was far from

encouraging
B) It really is surprising
E) people are not working as hard as their

belief in the work ethic indicates that they
should be
Sayfa 15 / 68
C) The audience was suddenly startled

D) The dramatic cough is an instance
E) There are certain advantages with black
and white movies

98. As heavy rain had been forecast for the area,
____ .
A) record harvest are expected this year
101. The new longer-acting drugs promise to

protect asthma patients for up to 12 hours,
____ .
A) even though medical authorities had been
concerned about the side effects
B) they would presumably cancel the

excursion to the ruins in the valley
B) as long as the results of this research

project are confirmed within the month
C) I cant imagine why they neglected to take

all necessary precautions to avoid flooding
C) so that they can sleep better at night
D) farm labours would have to work overtime

and weekends
D) since the findings have not yet been

thoroughly studied
E) the resulting floods caused widespread

hardships
E) which could have proved to be a most

remarkable medical breakthrough
99. If only they had realised that our supplies

were running out ____ .
102. Before Freud shed light on dreams and

extraordinary role of the subconscious ____ .
A) the crisis might still be avoided
A) the relationship between stress and

dreams would surely have been
recognised
B) those in charge could put the matter right

C) nobody could appreciate the gravity of the
situation
B) there are many who have grasped their

significance
D) there were reinforcement ready to be sent

out
C) many traditional ways of interpreting

dreams are being analysed
E) they would most certainly have done

something about it
D) educated people often regarded dreams

as meaningless and pointless
E) many great writers still draw on the
principles of human psychology
100. ____ that least affects the behaviour of

companies, investors, shoppers and workers.
A) The inflation rate has been reduced
B) The best inflation rate is the one
C) The article concerning inflation maintains
103. Our first impression of the new director was

distinctly favourable ____ .
A) though we were sorry to see the old one
go
D) The price index has raised so much

controversy
B) unless his manner was more formal than

we were used to
E) The outcome of the recent economic

reforms has received much praise from
the public
C) however reluctant we are to go along with

the new policy
D) until the efficiency of his methods can be
established
E) that he was determined to restore the firm
to its former glory
Sayfa 16 / 68

104. ____ , it was not long before they could
resume broadcasting.
107. ____ that scientists are now sending out e

prints instead of preprints of unpublished
articles.
A) If only their permit had been renewed
A) Prior to the internet, it was not possible
B) Once the fault in the system had been

found
B) One change that the advent of the

internet has brought is
C) So long as the electrical supply remains

stable
C) The internet has indeed opened many

doors
D) Since the maintenance team were on

leave
D) The benefits of technology should not be

overrated
E) However unwelcome the delay might be
E) Among academics, technological advances

attract less attention
105. Before Freud shed light on dreams and
extraordinary role of the subconscious, ____
108. Though Hong Kong used to be one of the
worlds most alluring shopping centres, ____
A) there are many who have grasped their

significance
A) competition seems to be growing even

keener
B) educated people in particular regarded

dreams as meaningless and pointless
B) this was no longer the case
C) many traditional ways of interpreting

dreams are being analysed
C) it might have remained a fashionable

holiday resort
D) the relationship between stress and

dreams would surely have been
recognised
D) others did not share this opinion

E) it is now one of its most expensive
E) many great writers still draw on the

principles of human psychology
109. I would naturally have felt extremely
disappointed ____ .
106. ____ until Thomas Paine published The

Common Sense and sparked off the
American Revolution.
A) since he must have been by far the best

applicant
A) George Washington considered himself a

loyal British subject
B) unless the competition has had very few

entrants
B) Idealism hasnt often been a determining

factor
C) Voltaires influence would have been more
pervasive,
D) That was a period of radical change in all
spheres
C) even though the two teams were

extraordinarily well matched
D) if they hadnt sent us an invitation to the
concert
E) as the first prize went to a racist author
E) They were the people responsible for

shaping the national character of the United
States
Sayfa 17 / 68

110. The speaker from China has pointed out ____
A) so that preserving agricultural land is his
governments primary economic policy
113. ____ that treatment policies suitable for one

age group may not be justified in another.
A) A controversy immediately arose
B) that terracing the soil is one conservation

method used widely in his country to
control erosion
B) The article has considerable originality

C) A recent study into cholesterol levels
suggests
C) since urban renewal has completely

changed the look of the cities in his
country
D) They had fully convinced

E) The implications were not at first realised
D) as regards the fact that a handful of

industrial nations monopolised deep sea
fishing until the early 1970s
114. ____ how intimately and lastingly blacks had

affected American life throughout history.
E) while rich tropical forests are vanishing at

the rate of some 11 million hectares a year
A) Thomas Jefferson, one of the leaders of

the American Revolution, had opposed
B) In his paper of slavery in America he
demonstrated with impeccable scholarship
111. The overall quality of life in todays world

cannot be improved ____ .
C) Whites in America have always

objectednIn colonial America, Virginia was
the largest and most populous colony
where
A) just as population growth would strain the

global urban environment
B) while the underdeveloped countries were
ignored completely by international
agencies like the United Nations and the
World Bank
C) as the population of that part of the world
rose from 800 million in 1960 to 1.2 billion
in 1985
D) unless the developed countries are
prepared to offer a helping hand to the
underdeveloped
D) The American slaves, often subject to

arbitrary punishment, learned to be
hypersensitive
115. ____ , but most of them dont see a doctor

because they think its something they just
have to live with.
E) whenever the OECD declines to support a

series of projects for the development of
poorer countries
A) It was reported earlier in this decade that

about one third of all patients had
received treatment for impotence
B) Over 200 thousand men have received
proper medical treatment
C) Impotence is something we have learned
to deal with
112. Some avalanches move no faster than 40

kilometres per hour, ____ .
A) while others have been estimated to have
a speed of about 300 kilometres per hour
B) even if the damage they did was minimal
compared with the destruction caused by
hurricanes and earthquakes
C) despite the fact that snow lying on a steep
slope is always liable to avalanche
D) for the wind sometimes reaches a force
almost equal to that of a tornado
E) so that in such areas measures may be
taken to prevent large avalanches
Sayfa 18 / 68
D) Urologists and other doctors have always

been concerned with impotence
E) Impotence affects over ten million men
nationwide

116. Though free politics and free-market
economics go most happily together, ____ .
118. ____ , the U. S. population, now 266 million,

will increase to 400 million by 2050.
A) no new aid would be approved for six

months they could no longer blame the
colonialists, who
A) Although the governments have

encouraged large families through tax
reduction and welfare subsidies
B) had withdrawn from America two or three

decades before
B) Even though the growth rate has been

among the highest of the developed world
C) five years ago, dictatorships proclaiming

socialists policies prevailed in Africa
C) If current trends continue, and they seem

likely to do so
D) one does not necessarily lead to the other,

nor guarantee its success
D) Since the birth rate has now outgrown the

countrys agricultural capacity
E) Africans have shown that they want multiparty democracy and are beginning to
achieve it
E) Because stringent measures need to be

introduced to reverse population growth
119. The elderly gentleman sitting over there is an

artist ____ .
117. The Nazi occupation of the Netherlands is

best known to most of us through Anne
Franks diary, ____ .
A) whose many articles about their

commitment to the cause of human
welfare and happiness in Africa would be
controversial
A) even though another significant record of

the era was made by Dutch
photographers, both professional and
amateur
B) that he shares the vision of young people

for a peaceful and prosperous world in the
next century
B) while the Dutch government had banned

the publication of all newspapers
C) whose work has been exhibited widely in

many countries in Europe
C) since most of the Jewish population in the

country were prepared to emigrate to the
United States
D) since his awards include gold and silver

medals presented by various organizations
D) that her description of the atrocities

committed by the enemy has provided
historians with valuable details
E) whereby he had unanimously been elected

an honorary member by the Society of
Modern Arts
E) when her parents had hidden her in the

attic of their house
120. He pointed out that the issue was simply
____ .
A) in case the surgery recommended was
approved by the medical board
B) whether surgical intervention was right for
this particular patient
C) when the patient has been admitted for an
emergency operation
D) to what extent the treatment
recommended for this particular patient
has been successful
E) why the medical board is expected to
refuse his appointment
Sayfa 19 / 68

121. Since these new printers weigh less than 900
grams, ____.
124. Unless the Central European countries can

keep their labour costs at this level, ____ .
A) they really deserve to be called portable
A) exports are already starting to drop
B) their performance is invariably admirable
B) they havent been able to compete with

Western Europe
C) most people have been misled by their

price
C) unrest in these countries would have been

unavoidable
D) they were readily available at all the best

retailers
D) the finished products will have to go up in

price
E) the research team has already moved onto

a new project
122. ____ that he has exaggerated the problems

of the health-care system, using misleading
arguments and deceptive statistics to
support his case for reform.
E) a firm control of distribution and sales has

not proved adequate
125. While businesses and stores have started to

perform well and make profits, ____ .
A) only a crack in the stock market was to be
feared
A) He was being interviewed by a group of

journalists
B) inflation and unemployment have been

held in check
B) Many experts and policy makers believe

C) This is an extremely radical suggestion
C) the economy ought to be able to

withstand a recession
D) Under the present circumstances most

people are encouraged
D) the Euro currency could stand up to so

much criticism
E) The report ignored the leading question
E) fiscal transfers across European nation

states were of minimal importance
123. Many Egypts ruins are unfortunately being
destroyed by the very people ____ .
A) whose living habits had been depicted in
the monuments
126. ____ , there will be a notable decrease in the

profits of most businesses.
A) If people start to spend less and save more
B) that actually arent trained

conservationists
B) However efficiently the inflation was

curbed
C) who will ask for international funding
C) Had these reasonable measures been

introduced earlier
D) that is the result of faculty renovation

E) who were hired to fix them
D) Before the financial situation could be fully

understood
E) Though the leading economists had
started to grow more hopeful
Sayfa 20 / 68

127. The changes in the legal system are finally
being regarded with approval ____ .
130. ____ , Japanese firms moved the more

intensive phases of their production process
to cheap labour sites in East Asia.
A) whenever there is a series of unsolved

crimes
A) As production cost in Japan had become

excessive
B) until another wave of crime spread across

the country
B) Unless the working day is kept at eight

hours
C) because recently there has been a definite

decline in the crime rate
C) Once the trade unions in Japan have won a

few more victories
D) while the police force itself is dubious

about it
D) So long as a reduction in costs remains the

primary goal
E) as if there could have been some other

feasible alternative
E) If interest rates in Japan had remained

high
128. A new generation of business leaders is

coming to the fore, ____ .
131. Since some food lose popularity rather

quickly, ____ .
A) whether the state continues to meddle in

corporate affairs
A) the best age group to aim at would

undoubtedly have been teenagers
B) whose methods are more vital, more

international and more aggressive
B) many such companies actually went

bankrupt
C) who aimed to impress international

investors
C) the industry has constantly to be ready

with fresh ideas
D) which was realistic about the importance

of economic growth
D) in the end it was the need for collective

bargaining that was understood
E) so that they work to gratify not politicians

but their own shareholders
129. Unless they promise to use some of the

money to improve career prospects for
young scientists, ____ .
E) the job didn't offer him anything

interesting
132. Though the construction of a bridge across

the river would doubtless prove popular,
____ .
A) the issue under discussion has been

dropped
A) the technology to be transferred is quite

suitable
B) there were a number of things we had to

take into account
B) eight councils would have been committed

to arrange it
C) no one else thought of opposing the

scheme
C) similar designs are on view everywhere
D) the money left over from donations could

be included
D) it will not be easy to raise enough money

to do it
E) we feel we cannot give our support to the

campaign
E) it is a German-Japanese consortium that

gives the orders
Sayfa 21 / 68

133. ____ , a committee will be set up to
determine just how to turn the museum into
private non-profit corporation.
136. ____ a greet many alarming theories are sure

to spring to the fore.
A) Before the truth had been verified
A) As long as there were no rival claims
B) Even though his death had almost

certainly been from natural causes
B) As soon as the board has approved the

project
C) If several perfectly natural explanations

had been put forward
C) However much disappointment it would

have caused them
D) Whenever there are anonymous terrorist

attacks
D) If such a crisis could have been avoided

E) Whoever managed to deceive you
E) As soon as this admittedly unpleasant

incident got forgotten
134. ____ , their environmental consequences are

very disturbing.
A) Whatever high-yielding variety of wheat is
recommended
137. ____ I would never have felt the need to

read them.
A) Whichever of these modern plays he may
decide to direct
B) Because traditional Indian food is of high

nutritive value
B) Unless some books on the care of house

plants are given to me as a present
C) Though artificial fertilisers ensure high

crop-yields
C) However many cookery books my husband

may care to give me
D) Since new agricultural policies have been

introduced by the government
D) Until I saw him intently reading those

sermons
E) However costly the construction of new

irrigation systems may have been
E) If she had not written so enthusiastically

about the diaries of Scott of the Antarctica
135. ____ that the first women's college was

founded in England as early as 1849.
138. ____ she did not turn seriously to writing

until after her husband's death in 1883.
A) To be fair, what I recommended was
A) Although Kate Chopin had previously

contemplated a literary career
B) I wouldn't have been at all impressed

C) It was owing to the ceaseless efforts of Mrs
Raid
D) Victoria had been queen for twelve years
B) Since Kate Chopin had been thinking about

a literary career
C) As far as Kate Chopin's interest in
literature was concerned
E) He showed little interest
D) Once Kate Chopin had decided to live the

rest of her life in New Orleans
E) However much interest Kate Chopin's
short stories have aroused
Sayfa 22 / 68

139. In 1922 Hemingway settled in Paris ____ .
142. ____ that his play The CrucibIe was a cry of

protest against the anti-Communist zealotry
of the McCarthy era.
A) whether he would be awarded the Nobel

Prize in Literature in 1954
A) Arthur Miller had been seriously

misunderstood
B) if the life of a journalist hadn't attracted

him even more than the life of a novelist
B) Among the modern American dramatists it

was Arthur Miller
C) that he wrote stories and novels about the

Americans living there just as Henry James
had done
C) Arthur Miller himself always maintained
D) since he soon gave up journalism for

fiction
D) Arthur Miller has been widely read

E) As far as Arthur Miller is concerned
E) where he moved in a circle of American

expatriates that included Ezra Pound and
Scott Fitzgerald
143. Though the word "democracy" is often used,

____ .
140. Since Samaranch assumed leadership of the

International Olympic Committee, ____ .
A) any disagreements at meetings had been
leaked to the press
A) they are basically quite different from

each other
B) he has done much to raise the prestige of

the Games
B) we had agreed on a definition

C) majority rule and minority rights went
back even further
C) his policies conflicted with the principles of

the ancient Olympics
D) it means different things to different

people
D) the present situation concerning the 2002

Games calls for urgent action
E) it has been argued that democracy and an

advanced level of civilisation go together
E) this was the first time he talked about his

resignation
141. Since the cleaning up of the pollution of the

seas is so expensive, ____ .
144. ____ we review our recruitment procedures.
A) the project had progressed as expected
A) As long as the problem received adequate

recognition
B) large corporations would offer

contributions
B) Such a problem can not be ignored
C) the question of liability inevitably arises
C) Even though it was becoming increasingly

obvious
D) excessive care provided the answer
D) What I would recommend is that
E) the final result has still to be analysed
E) In case they were disappointed with the

new manager's performance.
Sayfa 23 / 68

145. ____, the current flows steadily in one
direction, and this is called directed current.
A) When a battery is connected to a circuit
148. ____ when some groups of the population

become wealthier while others become
poorer.
A) Consumption will depend partly on the
real wealth of individuals
B) Though the electric plugs have still to be

checked
B) A high standard of living is enjoyed by all
C) As electrical energy can easily be

transformed into other forms of energy
C) Income distributions become more equal
D) Whenever the supply of electricity to

homes and factories is cut off
D) Practically all the income transferred to

the poor will be spent on necessities
E) Because the electric wiring has been

specially designed to carry heavy loads
E) Inflation affects all members of a society
149. As biologists continue to study

interrelationships of living systems that
inhabit our planet, ____.
146. Unless he gives people a chance to get to

know him better, ____.
A) he would have been misunderstood by
everyone in the company
A) metabolic reactions occur continuously in

every living organism
B) he won't collect enough support to win

the election
B) an expanding human population and

increased consumer demand for energy,
homes and highway are causing the rapid
destruction of vital ecosystems
C) everyone got dissatisfied, and it showed in

their work
C) energy is required to maintain the precise

order that characterizes ecosystem
D) taking over the job of a much-loved and

highly-respected manager is not at all easy
D) research in molecular biology and genetics

has led to new insight into disease
processes
E) his proposal actually wasn't either

particularly original or even feasible
E) they enhance our awareness of impact on

the environment
147. The doctor has prescribed some new pills

____.
A) which really do bring relief from pain
150. ____, it should not be assumed that a theory

is "proved" by testing.
B) if we could afforded them

C) even though she requires them regularly
D) why the others had ceased to be effective
E) that had just come onto the market
A) Whereas many people think of science as a

mechanical process of collecting facts and
devising theories
B) Although the testing of theories is a
distinguishing feature of science
C) Since physics is one of the major branches
of science
D) When the history of science tells us that
long-held theories are replaced by new
ones
E) Insofar as the careful carrying out of
experiments is a crucial part of scientific
activity
Sayfa 24 / 68

151. Whenever we pick up a newspaper or turn
on the TV, ____ .
154. Pharmaceutical companies are unlikely to

develop a vaccine for an uncommon disease
like leprosy ____.
A) there are, of course, numerous noneconomic forces that determine and

mould our decision-making process
A) how early diagnosis could help

B) so that pressure would be put on them
B) there are clear lines of demarcation

between economics and politics
C) if the choice had been given to them

D) until the various charities were informed
C) it is natural that economics constitutes a

significant percentage of our media
coverage
E) that can be treated with drugs
D) generally politics is defined as the art of

government and, as such, is seriously
concerned with economics
155. At concert halls, the centre of the stage is

increasingly being taken over by
percussionists ____.
E) we are likely to be bombarded with facts

and figures on such subjects as pollution,
unemployment and inflation
A) who were trying out a wide range of new

instruments
B) that there is now a vast array of
instruments
152. People sometimes wonder ____.
C) whose performance showed amazing

virtuosity
A) because the richest sources of vitamin A

are foods of animal origin such as liver, fish
oil, milk and eggs
D) who used to stand at the back of the

orchestra tapping out the rhythm
B) in case a shortage of vitamin A was not the

main problem
E) so that a great range of new musical sound

was being developed
C) that, in the typical western diet, about half

of the vitamin A was not the main problem
156. Unless a country can establish the fact that
its economy is sound, ____.
D) if the eating of liver too frequently can

cause vitamin A toxicity
A) only the very rich have risked their money

there
E) just as most foods with vitamin A activity

are brightly coloured, often yellow or
orange
B) the world's public and private lenders alike

refuse to extent bonds
C) trade-agreements were rarely made in its
favour
153. Iron deficiency is one of the commonest

causes of anaemia ____.
A) since even in a good diet the supply of iron
is only just adequate.
D) the industrial projects there did not

receive adequate backing
E) even an abundance of mineral resources
could not have saved the situation
B) why adolescents outgrow their stones of

iron
C) which would result in brittle nails
D) though new ways of treating pernicious
anaemia were soon introduced
E) as numerous iron preparation are
available for Treatment
Sayfa 25 / 68

157. Because a relatively high proportion of breed
is included in the daily food intake of most
peoples, ____.
160. ____, so the introduction of metalworking

made trade with the outside world
inevitable.
A) the main ingredients have always been

flour and yeast
A) Compared with those of the iron age,

stone age tools were very primitive
B) it would be subsidised in many countries
B) Many ones, such as copper and tin are not

found in all countries
C) there are several other methods of

producing it
C) The "bronze age" is a term used in

prehistoric archaeology
D) different shapes were being evolved to

provide some variety
D) The chemical processes involved in the

smelting of ones were not as complicated
E) it is of considerable importance from the

point of view of diet
158. The authorities intensified their

investigations into the smuggling of nuclear
material _____ .
A) that the police had received a tip-off to
this effect
E) subsequently the knowledge of

metalworking must have spread among
the less advanced communities around
161. ____ despite the claim of his lawyers that his

statements had been made under "highly
coercive conditions".
A) John Walker refused to reveal the secrets
of his life in Afghanistan
B) until they found evidence of radioactivity

C) immediately after the radioactive plates
were found
B) The American Taliban, John Walker, had

been denied bail by the court
D) if any other explanation could be found
C) John Walker, the American Taliban, came

from a humble background
E) even if there have been several cases of

attempted plutonium trading
D) John Walker was indicted by a federal

grand jury
E) John Walker played a leading role in
Taliban activities
159. If aluminium is used in place of steel in

bridge construction, ____.
A) this would be especially suitable in longspanbridges
B) resistance to atmospheric corrosion had
been better
162. Though some scholars argue that ____,

others say that the beginning of the 15th
century saw its real rise.
C) there would have been a reduction in

maintenance costs
A) by the latter part of the 12th century most

of the literary conventions of Urdu
literature have already been well
established
D) erection and foundation costs will be

lower
B) the 12th century was the time of the great

religious movements in India
E) there has been a considerable increase in

the safe volume of traffic
C) Urdu literature dates back to the 12th

century
D) most of the literary writings in India in the
12th century consisted of religious tracts
and allegories
E) most Urdu poets in the 12th century
turned to romances and narratives of
heroic deeds
Sayfa 26 / 68

163. ____, to whom they report.
166. ____, there just wasn't enough evidence to

convict him.
A) A growing body of evidence does indeed

suggest that Enron was a case of bad
management
A) If the trial had been postponed to a later

date
B) In theory a company's auditors are

appointed independently by its
shareholders
B) Since almost nothing the accused himself

said could be substantiated
C) Though he seemed extremely reluctant to
sign the statement
C) The Enron fiasco has shown that ail is not

well with the governance of many big
American companies
D) Even before the judge had finished

summing up the case
D) Harvey Pitt has been appointed the new

chairman of the Securities and Exchange
Commission in the US
E) Although everyone was convinced that

Smith had committed the murder
E) In Congress, politicians are engaged in an

investigation of Enron's managers
164. ____ where they ate mosquito larvae and so

helped prevent malaria.
167. In his annual report, the accountant failed to

clarify the position and explain ____.
A) British engineers regarded these canals as

"dead rivers"
A) why expenditure had been in excess of the

budget
B) The people of Bengal still talk of digging

canals across the Ganges delta
B) whether the budget really is unrealistic

C) what procedures will have been used in
banking
C) Indeed irrigation gave a much-needed

boost to declining agricultural production
D) that more serious aspects were being

overlooked
D) The dam prevents ail silt from flowing

downstream
E) which items in particular are being

reconsidered
E) The flood waters even brought fish into

the fields
165. Though coral reefs are among the richest

ecosystems on the planet, ____.
168. Environmentalists are not often fond of dams

____.
A) they grow in crystal-clear waters that

contain hardly any nutrients
A) which had been built for both energy and

irrigation
B) nutrient uptake is closely related to the

degree of movement in the sea
B) though two negative ecological forces

cancelled each other out
C) the rough surfaces are what make this

possible
C) unless the dams actually held back a vast

sedimentation load
D) they are also skilled at recycling
D) since they frequently trap migratory fish
E) changes in turbulence accurately predicted

the rate of nutrient uptake
Sayfa 27 / 68
E) that failed to preserve their biological

variety over the years

169. Today more than 100 million people have a
breathing problem ____.
172. Though some scholars argue that ____,

others say that the beginning of the 15th
century saw its real rise.
A) if only the rise in asthma cases has

stopped
A) by the latter part of the 12th century most

of the literary conventions of Urdu
literature have already been well
established
B) that asthma levels are dropping in those

born after 1985
C) which costs $6 billion a year in the US
alone
B) the 12th century was the time of the great

religious movements in India
D) unless they prefer not to admit it
C) Urdu literature dates back to the 12th

century
E) since exposure to antibiotics while in the

womb is generally regarded as a further
irritant
D) most of the literary writings in India in the

12th century consisted of religious tracts
and allegories
E) most Urdu poets in the 12th century
turned to romances and narratives of
heroic deeds
170. The clarinet solo at the start of the

movement provides the theme ____.
A) if the sense of longing were once more
brought to the fore
B) that unifies the whole work
173. ____, to whom they report.
C) once the slow tempo had been reestablished
A) A growing body of evidence does indeed

suggest that Enron was a case of bad
management
D) until yet another ecstatic climax was

reached
B) In theory a company's auditors are

appointed independently by its
shareholders
E) that the work begins quickly and

harmoniously
171. ____ despite the claim of his lawyers that his

statements had been made under "highly
coercive conditions".
A) John Walker refused to reveal the secrets
of his life in Afghanistan
C) The Enron fiasco has shown that ail is not

well with the governance of many big
American companies
D) Harvey Pitt has been appointed the new
chairman of the Securities and Exchange
Commission in the US
E) In Congress, politicians are engaged in an
investigation of Enron's managers
B) The American Taliban, John Walker, had

been denied bail by the court
C) John Walker, the American Taliban, came
from a humble background
D) John Walker was indicted by a federal
grand jury
E) John Walker played a leading role in
Taliban activities
Sayfa 28 / 68

174. ____ where they ate mosquito larvae and so
helped prevent malaria.
177. In his annual report, the accountant failed to

clarify the position and explain ____.
A) British engineers regarded these canals as

"dead rivers"
A) why expenditure had been in excess of the

budget
B) The people of Bengal still talk of digging

canals across the Ganges delta
B) whether the budget really is unrealistic

C) what procedures will have been used in
banking
C) Indeed irrigation gave a much-needed

boost to declining agricultural production
D) that more serious aspects were being

overlooked
D) The dam prevents ail silt from flowing

downstream
E) which items in particular are being

reconsidered
E) The flood waters even brought fish into

the fields
178. Environmentalists are not often fond of dams

____.
175. Though coral reefs are among the richest

ecosystems on the planet, ____.
A) which had been built for both energy and

irrigation
A) they grow in crystal-clear waters that

contain hardly any nutrients
B) though two negative ecological forces

cancelled each other out
B) nutrient uptake is closely related to the

degree of movement in the sea
C) unless the dams actually held back a vast

sedimentation load
C) the rough surfaces are what make this

possible
D) since they frequently trap migratory fish
D) they are also skilled at recycling
E) that failed to preserve their biological

variety over the years
E) changes in turbulence accurately predicted

the rate of nutrient uptake
179. Today more than 100 million people have a

breathing problem ____.
176. ____ there just wasn't enough evidence to

convict him.
A) if only the rise in asthma cases has

stopped
A) If the trial had been postponed to a later

date
B) that asthma levels are dropping in those

born after 1985
B) Since almost nothing the accused himself

said could be substantiated
C) Though he seemed extremely reluctant to
sign the statement
D) Even before the judge had finished
summing up the case
C) which costs $6 billion a year in the US

alone
D) unless they prefer not to admit it
E) since exposure to antibiotics while in the
womb is generally regarded as a further
irritant
E) Although everyone was convinced that

Smith had committed the murder
Sayfa 29 / 68

180. The clarinet solo at the start of the
movement provides the theme ____.
182. There is a popular theory that suggests we

only use 10 per cent of our brain, and that if
we could just find a way to tap the other 90
per cent it might be employed in the
important question o how it works ____. A
recent spate of studies shows that all areas
of the brain are active when performing dayto-day functions and there is no 90 per cent
that remains untapped.
A) if the sense of longing were once more

brought to the fore
B) that unifies the whole work
C) once the slow tempo had been reestablished
D) until yet another ecstatic climax was
reached
A) There are countless other ways in which

the human brain is unique
E) that the work begins quickly and

harmoniously
B) Unfortunately, this theory has turned out

to be wrong
C) We should also remember that other
animals are clever too, though in different
ways
181. In Japan, the brighter economic picture of

the first 6 months of 2002 failed to carry over
into the second half of the year ____. This
was no doubt influenced by rising
unemployment which is now at a record
high.
D) Another theory tries to account for the

fact that we are suspicious of other's
motives
E) This explains why, unlike other animals,
we are able to ignore the selfish dictates
of our genes
A) External demand supported Japan's

exporters to some degree, but the
domestic market was at a low ebb
B) The year 2003 will doubtless be another
difficult year for the Japanese economy
C) Recovery looks like being slow
D) This uncertainty gave rise to a cut in
interest rates
183. Satellite tracking of sharks has at last put an

end to a 50-year-old assumption about their
habits, ____. Instead, they travel vast
distances all year round in search of
zooplankton, their favourite food.
E) Once global investor confidence returns,

equity markets will, in all likelihood, start
to perform well again
A) Our knowledge concerning the habits of

sharks has increased immensely during
this period
B) Some assumptions never do get tested
C) In this respect sharks are quite unlike
whales
D) It has now been finally established that
they do not hibernate
E) Such an assumption was easy enough to
discredit
Sayfa 30 / 68

184. A recent survey carried out by the UK
lecturers' union shows that almost a quarter
of respondents rate their academic freedom
as limited, poor or non-existent. ____. In 30%
of cases, that pressure had come from the
organization paying for the research.
A) Researchers in every sector know that
they must get positive results into journals
186. Zambia's people have a literacy rate of 78%,

which is high compared with many poor
African countries. However, it has only
library, one university and no television
stations. Its economy is very limited, with
copper mining accounting for over 80% of
the country's foreign currency intake. ____.
A) Even so, in 2001, its president, Chiluba,
contemplated changing the constitution to
allow him to run for another presidential
term
B) Most worrying is the results of this loss of

integrity on medical research
C) Some researchers said they had been
pressurized to alter results, delay their
publication or even bury them
B) In fact, it has an annual industrial growth

rate of only 1 per cent
C) Early humans inhabited present-day
Zambia two million years ago
D) The public loss of confidence in science

has reached serious proportions and must
be faced squarely
D) In 1972, Kenneth Kaunda, the first

president o the country, outlawed all
opposition political parties.
E) Those with access to the truth are too

often those with most to gain from
avoiding it
E) In 1924, the British government took over

the administration of the region
185. For many of the world's crucial arable lands,

the availability of water is the single greatest
threat to yields. ____. One way to ensure this
is drip irrigation which delivers water direct
to the plants' roots. It is unfortunately, far
more expensive than flood irrigation.
187. Though Gertrude Stein desired the acclaim of

a larger public, ____
A) even her close friend, Alice Toklas, could
have been mistaken about it
B) she had certainly not achieved all the
respects he deserved
A) Actually, certain minor changes could

greatly improve the efficiency of many of
the world's largest irrigation system
C) her originality, even her eccentricity, was

apparent at a very early age
B) Moreover, the monitoring of soil moisture

can also be useful
D) she was really only appreciated in the

world of the avant-garde
C) Agricultural researchers are working to

develop strains of rice that require lass
water
E) that her autobiography was published as

the work of Alice Toklas
D) In certain areas the food eaten by livestock

comes from irrigated fields
E) It is therefore essential that less water is
wasted
188. As the company manufactures nearly all its

cars in Germany, ____.
A) the sterling started to weaken against the
euro
B) the sports car in particular finds a market
in America
C) every effort has to be made to minimize
the short-term impact of currency swings
D) other companies have not always been so
successful
E) its costs are mostly in the European
currency, euros
Sayfa 31 / 68

189. Since the images of Stanley and Livingstone
have changed so much over the years, ____.
192. Advertising has increasingly less credibility

with consumers ____.
A) the new image of Livingstone makes him a

deeper and braver man than his legend
A) whether it plays a role in sustaining an

established brand
B) there would have been no necessity for

yet another book on the subject
B) that a fundamental rethinking is clearly

called for
C) one would expect some account of this in

a new book about them
C) as if it were the indispensable foundation

of marketing
D) Victorian England was nevertheless

obsessed with the magic of free trade
D) though they cannot always reject its

messages
E) the final journals of Livingstone were

polished to ensure that he appeared as a
saintly man
E) since it was rarely effective in building a

new brand
190. ____ that this is one of the most heartbreaking films ever made about an American
family.
193. This book will be a source of instruction and

delight for divers and marine biologists and
indeed for anyone ____.
A) who genuinely loves the sea
A) The film demonstrates the audacity and

structural power of its director
B) whose childhood will be spent by the sea

C) whether they loved the sea or not
B) The film centers round a family of five
D) that they live close to the sea
C) The subject matter is indeed sensational
E) if they heard the call of the sea
D) Some critics are of the opinion

E) In this film the family is reaffirmed as the
most powerful subject for great drama
194. The Thatcher government in Britain

succeeded in limiting the power of some of
the unions ____.
191. Unless you take their backgrounds into

consideration, ____.
A) which would have made it easier for

companies to sack striking workers
A) they could not have been more different in

appearance and temperament
B) neither of them would have admitted the
fact to anyone
B) whether or not the workers had resumed

work
C) that had previously held the country to
ransom
C) second-generation Jewish- American

business families may be expected to have
certain traits in common
D) if they had been in politically sensitive

sectors
D) the suggestion couldn't be considered
E) why bargaining demands were felt to be

reasonable
E) these two women have nothing at all in

common
Sayfa 32 / 68

195. Crew members will have to pass several
endurance tests ____.
A) as the balloon flight will take them into the
harshest of environmental conditions
B) even if they were to be provided with
special space suits
198. If Johannesburg is to live up to its potential,

it must overcome its apartheid legacy of
division. Contact between the races often
remains awkward ____. The hope is that
with more children mixing at school, the next
generation will coexist more easily.
A) This is very understandable as the idea of
equality is still very new
C) however short the duration of the balloon

flight turned out to be
B) One major concern that all races have in

common is crime
D) for huge physical demands have been put

on their bodies
C) In the worst parts of the city, for example,

one in three people was robbed last year
E) that they are required to follow strict

fitness and dietary regimes
D) The best restaurants of Africa are to be

found in Johannesburg as are the best
hospitals
196. It would be inaccurate to say ____.
E) Indeed, in some suburbs living conditions

are good, but in many quarters they
remain harsh and often violent
A) whether economic or environmental

issues are the most explosive
B) that there are cameras monitoring
virtually all public places
C) since personal freedom and privacy are
already a luxury
D) as if there were no ethnic hatred in Europe
at the moment
E) why the situation has become more tricky
and less stable
199. To help users find reliable nutrition

information on the internet, this university
maintains an online rating and review guide
called the Nutrition Navigator ____. Each
website receives a score from 1 to 25, and
links are provided to recommended sites.
197. Most trees produce a ring of new wood each

year and these circles of growrth can easily
be seen in a crosssection of the trunk of a
felled tree ____. First, the rings become
narrower with the increasing age of the tree.
Second, the amount a tree grows each year is
affected by fluctuations in climate.
A) A narrow growth ring may be the result of
a cold spell in spring
B) In temperate regions, sunlight may be
more important than rainfall in affecting a
tree's growth
C) Several conditions can contribute to a
particularly thick annual ring
D) These rings are not of uniform thickness
and vary for two reasons
E) Results have been particularly impressive
in the American Southwest for a variety of
reasons
Sayfa 33 / 68
A) For instance, many televised nutrition

messages are presented by celebrities,
food editors and chefs
B) Even so, the Nutrition Navigator remained
the best site from which to launch
ventures into nutrition cyberspace
C) Many people tm to their physicians for
dietary advice, expecting them to know all
about healthrelated matters
D) The ratings reflect the opinions of a panel
of nutrition experts on selected websites
on the basis of their accuracy and depth
E) The Internet offers no guarantees of the
accuracy of the information found there

200. Police may soon have a new weapon in the
fight against crime: Earprints. Earprints are
left when criminals press their ears against a
door or window to listen for sounds within
____.
A) They will also develop a database for ear
shapes, scars and creases
202. The Internet introduces a technology which

poses new challenges to the protection of
individual privacy ____. Each of these
systems is capable of monitoring, capturing
and storing communications that pass
through it.
A) Apparently Internet technology can gather
personal information without first seeking
consent
B) The Forensic Ear Identification Project is

expected to come up with a solution to
this problem
B) In the US, most federal privacy laws apply

only to the federal government
C) As with fingerprints, earprints could help

detectives to place suspects at the scene
of a crime
C) It can be argued that intruding into others'

lives through unobtrusive surveillance
through market research or through any
other means is a violation of privacy
D) Even so, earprints are already being used

as evidence in parts of Europe
D) Screening for employment purposes can

certainly be regarded as an invasion of
personal privacy
E) So it seems unlikely that earprints will ever

be used as evidence in courtrooms
E) Information sent over this vast network of

networks may pass through many
computer systems before it reaches its
final destination
201. Robots could soon be doing their bit for the

environment ____. The results suggest that
herbicide use could be reduced by 70% if
farmers used these robots to adopt more
selective spraying techniques.
A) The longer term goal is to avoid herbicides
altogether
203. While most people still saw computers as

science fiction, ____.
B) Trials are presently underway for a Danish

robot that maps the position of weeds
growing among crops
C) Naturally it would be better to have the
robot pull the weeds out of the ground
rather than poisoning them
A) the discriminating few immediately

appreciated their advantages
B) the early ones were large in size and low in
performance
C) they continue to get smaller and more
versatile
D) These robots cannot distinguish between

plant species and treat anything green as a
weed
E) The problem is not one of expense
because herbicides are cheap
Sayfa 34 / 68
D) it is hard to imagine how banks earned on

their work without them
E) a majority still wish they had never been
invented

204. ____ so long as you pay attention and stick
to the rules.
207. ____ that a road once linked the newly

discovered settlement with one of the great
Inca cities.
A) There is a huge number of fascinating

wrecks around Britain
A) The whole is in a remarkable state of

preservation
B) Wrecks under the sea can contain

hazordous materials like oil and mutions
B) We wouldn't be surprised
C) Scuba diving is very safe
C) The surrounding area would have been

cultivated
D) Scuba was first patented in 1865 and was

perfected over the years
D) There are at least 30 stone structures
E) Scuba divers get a great deal of pleasure

from exploring wrecks
E) It seems likely
205. ____ unless there is an agreement to the

contrary.
208. Teachers cannot be criticized for failing to

promote engineering ____.
A) Copyright is a form of protection provided

to the creators of "original works of
authorship"
A) so the manner in which design is

presented is of first importance
B) that it is not a required field of study in
most technical universities
B) The authors of a joint work are co-owners

of the copyright in the work
C) whether students should follow enough

maths and science courses to quallty for
engineering school
C) There is list of countries that maintain

copyright relations with the United States
D) Works by the US government were not
eligible for copyright protection
D) if they have not been exposed to it

themselves
E) Works consisting entirely of information

that is common property were given no
such protection
E) as all the young children had a flair for

designing and building
206. Although Japan has one of the world's most

rapidly ageing populations, ____.
209. This new pink cell phone actually gives

advices on ____.
A) Japanese companies will be world leaders

in catering for the elderly
A) Which dieting techniques should have

been avoided
B) why the display doubles as amirror
B) other countries such as China and South

Korea and most of Western Europe are
closing the gap
C) how to dress in accord with the day's

weather
C) in 2004 one-fifth of its population will be 6

or over and there will be more than 20,000
people over the age of a hundred
D) the increasing burden of providing
pensions and health care for the growing
number of elderly will cause Japan's public
finances to remain by far the worst in the
developed world
E) to safeguard the financial assets of its
pensioners, the bank of Japan will not be
able to take any radical measures
Sayfa 35 / 68
D) how often the battery would have to be

charged
E) where its special features will be included

210. Most cultures have their own foundation
myths to explain ____.
213. If there had been no one to encourage her

and feed her ego at this time, ____.
A) how long the world had been in existence
A) she might well have given up writing

altogether
B) why society is as it is
B) the critics were indeed merciless
C) so as to satisfy their curiosity concerning

how the world began
C) even her best novels attracted little

attention
D) what has been happening in still earlier

times
D) like many of her friendships, this one was

short- lived
E) unless there was no trace of any former

inhabitants
E) she has not been able to repeat the

success
211. ____, they are especially common during the

spring and early summer.
A) Although tornadoes can happen at any
time of the year
214. When the feminist movement came into

being, ____.
A) a major issue is still the right to vote
B) Since the conditions that lead to the

formation of tornadoes are most often to
be found in the central and southern
United States
B) the aim had been to combat oppression

C) women were seen as constituting a single
class
D) discrimination against women still
continues in the workplace
C) As a tornado is a dark funnel-shaped colud

made up of violently rotating winds
E) the professional-class working mother is

another exception
D) White tornadoes in the United States

generally travel in a northeast direction
E) Because tornadoes are capable of lifting
houses off their foundaitions and hurling
them considerable distances
215. ____ that Mars has experienced a striking

diversity of processes throughout its history.
A) In fact, nobody suggested
B) It is now apparent
212. The artist's work should take the viewer to a

place ____.
C) The discussion is likely to continue
A) so it gave his paintings a shadowy aged

appearance
D) Majority opinions are not necessarily

correct
B) where there were domestic situations

based around one or two figures
E) The evidence they presented
C) if his paintings are deliberately vague

D) which reflect the confidence that emerged
in her childhood
216. ____ since it came into being some 4.5 billion

years ago.
A) Earth is one of several rocky plants
E) that he cannot go to on his own
B) Earths atmosphere is variable

C) Heat and gravity continued to shape Earth
D) Constant change has characterized Earth
E) Life on Earth was impossible
Sayfa 36 / 68

217. Though people continue to be fascinated by
the explorer, Livingstone, ____.
220. Celebrities, ____, cause 14 times as many

people to copy them as do other suicides.
A) his rival Stanley had been admired more
A) whose suicide was reported in newspapers
B) the way people regard him has changed

dramatically
B) who kill themselves

C) whom journalists try to interview
C) some of his former possessions sold

recently for over a million dollars
D) as the impact of their suicide on society is

studied
D) he was physically brave and morally

righteous
E) when they are reported in the media
E) he made several more Africa expeditions

221. Animals are particularly vulnerable ____.
A) when they are in their infancy
218. ____ America should buy local gram and

distribute that, thus stimulating agriculture
where it is most needed.
B) whether they could fend for themselves

C) as soon as they had left their mothers
A) As soon as aid from European countries

tends to have fewer stings attached
D) so that their offspring will survive

E) unless every effort has been made by the
parents
B) While remaining one of the worlds

stingiest donors of aid
C) Instead of dumping Americas cereal
surpluses as aid on hungry countries
222. As with many Iong-term projects, no one

knows ____.
D) Because Africa leaders often point out
A) whether it had exploded or not
E) In case Europe allows the worlds poorest

countries to export many goods tariff-free
B) that the Apollo program, starting from

scratch, cost a hundred billions US dollars
C) if it had turned out to be even more
expensive
219. Oil, the worlds most sought-after substance,

often seems to curse the countries, ____.
D) why we could have afforded it
A) when there was a sudden influx of money
E) what the real costs will turn out to be
B) though they had grown rich

C) whether this was actually the case
D) where it is found
223. The building of the Toshka canal in Egypt was

carefully planned ____.
E) If it were encourage people to take out

loans
A) if the inlet starts at a point 8 km north of

Toshka bay
B) as the mistakes made in earlier canals had
proved costly
C) as if the desert could become green
D) until the amount of water required was
agreed on
E) that wealthy investors could easily be
found
Sayfa 37 / 68

224. There has been a decrease in deaths from
motor vehicle crashes over recent years,
____.
227. The name "dolphin" is generally applied to

species with a beaklike snout and slender
body, ____.
A) since speed limits would be lowered
A) as it is dark above and white below, with

bands of grey, white and yellow on the
sides
B) which is partly due to improved safety

features in cars
B) which also had included porpoises
C) if there were public intolerance of drinking

and driving
C) but there are also some freshwater forms

which are largely confined to rivers in Asia,
Africa and South America
D) as there has been improved safety design

in occupational machinery
D) whereas the name "porpoise" is reserved

for the smaller species with a blunt snout
and stocky body
E) in which improved medical care had

played a part
E) though dolphins cannot actually smile

225. This conductor offers an orchestral balance
quite unlike ____.
228. If the company is to invest in long-term
growth, ____.
A) as if some string passages almost get lost

B) as you simply do not hear the violins as the
"main line" of the music
A) the main aim is nevertheless to improve

customer relations
C) what we are used to
B) there was still a need for short-term

profits
D) that he adds something of his own

E) since the work is hardly recognizable
C) it will clearly have to sacrifice short-term

profits
D) a new sales force is already being trained
226. We are determined to give the contract to an

architect ____.
E) the investment would ultimately yield a

return
A) since a great many problems had already

arisen
B) whose handling of the interiors was
outstanding
C) who is committed to environmentally
responsible design
229. Although microeconomic theories try to

explain how large numbers of firms act in the
marketplace, ____.
A) economists faced several unique problems
D) until we learn the kind of garden that is

possible
B) they are quite poor at describing or

predicting the actual behaviour of any one
particular real-world firm
E) if their requirements were even slightly

unusual
C) managers try to minimize inventory costs,

meet production schedules and devise
diverse product mixes
D) behavioural theories had been far more
descriptive and predictive of the behaviour
of individual firms and managers
E) its primary aim is to promote
organizational values and interests
Sayfa 38 / 68

230. ____ even though certain difficult economic
conditions prevail.
233. Because energy production expends

resources and causes pollution, ____.
A) European equities display strong profit

growth
A) we depend upon nature to provide the

basics of life, such as food and oxygen
B) In 2004, the European economy remained

fundamentally sound
B) many resources are used once and then

thrown away
C) Inflation had actually begun to improve
C) modern technical challenges are seldom

met by scientists
D) There were several other encouraging

signs
D) scientists and engineers must work to

develop energy- efficient processes
E) It should have been easy to maintain the

competitiveness
E) engineers must solve problems without

even understanding the underlying theory
231. ____ when the occupancy levels in the hotel

fall off steeply.
A) There are no profits to be made during the
cold winter months
234. If only she had come up with some

positivesuggestions, ____.
A) the scheme certainly had very many
drawbacks
B) The hotel regained its five-star rating in

1996
B) nobody else is likely to complain
C) The rebuilt Star has retained the original

shell, but scarcely any of the fittings
C) so far this is the best thesis to be

submitted
D) Training schemes were receiving even

greater attention
D) the others will already have been rejected

E) I wouldnt have minded her criticism of the
project
E) Outside temperatures reached 50C
232. ____ that makes his job worthwhile.
235. ____ while such African languages as Hausa

and Swahili continued to serve the everyday
needs of the masses.
A) Hopefully, you'll hear things you never

heard before
A) During the colonial era in Africa, English

becamethe shared language of the
administration and a Western- educated
elite
B) For the orchestra, it is the dedication of

the conductor
C) In the first place, there must be an
audience
B) In colonial Africa, the teaching of English

literature is no longer popular
D) For the conductor, it is the possibility of

making new discoveries
E) Indeed, he has approached every piece of
music in this way
C) Modern African writers have found it

necessary to adapt certain aspects of
English
D) Today, English is the official language of
sixteen countries in Africa
E) English as a second language has been
taught in Africa for nearly four hundred
years
Sayfa 39 / 68

236. ____.but cannot be proved and is difficult
toassess.
238. Smallpox was once a dreaded human

disease, ____.
A) The influence of Samuel Johnsons

Dictionary of the English Language on the
development of the language has been
widely assumed
A) while genetic engineering can be used in

several ways to make vaccines
B) although today DNA technology is helping
medical researchers develop vaccines
B) Samuel Johnsons Dictionary of the English

Language played a role in propagating a
standard spelling among the less literate
C) even if artificial-mutant vaccines may

cause fewer side effects than natural
mutants
C) Samuel Johnson was an enthusiastic

reader of classical and English literature
from his earliest years
D) but it was eradicated worldwide in the

1970s by widespread vaccination
E) since there has been no effective drug
treatment for many viral diseases
D) It took Samuel Johnson eight or nine years

to complete work on his Dictionary of the
English Language
E) With his Dictionary of the English
Language, Samuel Johnson provided a
powerful but conservative model of
language usage
239. Neanderthals were a recent evolutionary

humanrelative ____.
A) who lived in Europe and became extinct
30,000-40,000 years ago
B) as researchers studying human origins
debated this question for decades
237. Before the 21st century has run its course,

____.
C) which are muscular and robust, with a

brain similar to ours in size
A) the powers of computers have expanded

vastly due to advanced research
D) while the relationship between humans

and Neanderthals may best be described
as sister species
B) countless technologies not envisioned yet

will be available to us
C) a great deal of scientific effort is being
made to find solutions to complex
problems
E) despite the fact that they had hands as

nimbleas those of present-day humans,
with a thumband fingers
D) most people in developed countries enjoy

a state of true health throughout their
lives
E) our knowledge of the world around us has
improved to a great extent
240. The Welsh language has changed so little

through the centuries ____.
A) whose annual Eisteddfod celebration
honours its best poets and writers
B) that an educated Welshman can still read
the Welsh of the Middle Ages
C) as more and more English families settle in
Wales, bringing their habits with them
D) although Wales recently formed its own
national assembly
E) unless it embodies the kind, unambitious
nature of the Welsh people
Sayfa 40 / 68

241. By 1809, Swedens military power had
waned to such an extent____.
244. ____before grapes can be transformed into

fine wine.
A) as a new constitution transferred power

from the king to Parliament
A) Harvesting was a very costly and tiring

process
B) so that it could no longer continue as a

greatpower
B) Farmers were expecting higher prices

C) Drought does much damage to grape vines
C) that the country was forced to surrender

part of its territory to Russia
D) The farm workers in France have protested

at lower wages
D) in that nearly one million Swedes

migrated,mostly to America
E) There is much work to be done
E) even though the Swedes had contributed

to Europes Age of Enlightenment with
advances inscience
245. ____ what makes Hong Kong so exhilarating.

A) Its hard to explain
B) Many travellers are curious
242. Road and rail connections in Italy are

generally better in the north, ____.
C) One soon becomes aware

D) It has been debated
A) because between the snowy peaks of the

Alpsand the rugged shores of Sicily lies a
whole series of regions, each with its
distinctive culture
E) We have been much impressed
246. ____, yet it is not possible to go much further

without any breakthroughs in battery
technology.
B) but there are many other attractive

historic townsand cities
C) but people speak of two Italies: the rich
industrial North and the poorer
agricultural South
A) Electric cars dont make economic sense in

view of the harsh environmental
regulations in force
D) just as the government has allocated extra

funds for road repairs
E) where Milan, Bologna and Verona are the
key transport centres
B) Electric cars have simply been a

technological failure
C) Hybrid cars are certainly a step in the right
direction
D) Any fuel savings resulting from electric or
hybrid cars are likely to be offset by the
cost of the cars themselves
243. Until China becomes the most powerful

nation in the world, with Chinese spoken
universally, ____.
A) the problems of wide variations in English
may well be lessened
B) English will remain the primary language
of science and diplomacy
C) many countries in the world have shifted
to printing their scientific journals only in
English
D) immigrants to the United States or Britain
acquire English rapidly and well
E) people who speak English and another
language have an advantage over those
who speak only English
Sayfa 41 / 68
E) One fears that the hybrid car may be yet

another technological failure

247. ____ because he had led the country into
four wars which he had lost, and brought
economic ruin to his people.
249. Traditionally, textbooks on British

government and politics have focused on
institutions and behaviour ____.
A) Serbia experienced widespread corruption

under Milosevic, who ruled the country as
a dictator,
A) whether it is appropriate to describe the

British Constitution as uncodified rather
than unwritten
B) Many Serbians felt humiliated by the

atrocities commited in Bosnia by the
Milosevic government
B) in case political institutions and issues are

inseparable and need to be discussed
together
C) Milosevics rule in Serbia literally meant

political tyranny, which led to prodemocracy protests in the country,
C) just as a brief analysis of the leading types

of government found in the modern world
was left out
D) Milosevic, the ex-president of Serbia, was

protested nationwide and then removed
from power
D) because one had to explore in detail the

impact of Thatcherism upon British politics
E) while ignoring the controversies and issues
which are the fundamentals of politics
E) Today Serbias writers constantly remind

their people of the shameful past of their
country under Milosevic
250. Meteorites are extraterrestial complex rocks

with roughly equal amounts of metal and
silicates ____.
248. Many of the larger companies in Somalia

have issued shares, ____.
A) if the lack of a government in the country
poses a wide range of problems
B) since the local telecom offers the best and
cheapest phone service in Africa
C) although there is no stock exchange or
financial authority of any sort in the
country
A) because the moon has been studied

extensively by spacecraft and has been
sampled directly at a few locations
B) which have major implications for the
collisional history of planetary bodies
C) whereby the various planetary and
asteroidal bodies in the solar system
contain a specific isotopic label
D) but business leaders have taken steps to

increase the countrys foreign-trade
capacity
D) so that each meteorite is a small sample of

a much larger parent body, probably an
unidentified asteroid
E) even if foreign aid might have benefits as

well as drawbacks
E) while measurement of the oxygen isotopic

composition of the Sun is the highest
priority of NASAs Genesis mission
Sayfa 42 / 68

251. Climate change may alter the genetic
composition of species, ____.
254. Because children enjoy the process of play,

____.
A) but assessment of any shift in this respect

requires genetic data sampled over time
A) various other options had been taken into

consideration
B) even though, for most species,

environmental conditions have some
impact on breeding
B) they are not primarily focused on

achieving a product or achieving a goal
C) group demands begin to grow steadily
C) despite the fact that recent analyses

clearly show the magnitude and direction
of genetic shifts in various populations
D) many alternative approaches also had to

be tested
E) the acquisition of social skills is a positive
asset
D) which, according to the evidence available,

is geographically widespread from North
Africa to Scandinavia
E) so long as one can observe the genetic
impact that environmental differences
have on living beings
255. ____ when countered by antistress measures

such as exercising, enjoying time with
friends and cultivating a hobby.
A) The ladder of success is a hard one
B) There must be a balance between tension
and relaxation
252. ____ street crime in major Asian cities is still

less common than in most European cities.
A) Since the governments are concerned
C) Workloads seem lighter
B) Because severe measures had been taken
D) Relaxation techniques are easy to learn
C) Though it is rising sharply
E) Stress can be understood in a variety of

ways
D) If one were to admit it

E) Before reliable statistical data can be
obtained
256. If there is too much mineral accumulation in

the compost, ____.
A) roots get burnt and plants die
253. Though the smell of fumes in an aircraft

cockpit may not always spell danger, ____.
A) a forced landing could have been avoided
B) some plants need less fertilizer than

others
C) the flowering season was greatly reduced
B) even a small sensor can detect a wide

range of chemicals
D) most plants grow far more quickly in wet

areas
C) harmless fumes had been caused by a

small leak of oil
E) the growing conditions also need to be

considered
D) it is guaranteed to alarm the pilot

E) such a detector can easily be fitted into an
aircraft
Sayfa 43 / 68

257. ____ that the reasons for introducing the
new- design dollar bills were the persistent
reports of high quality counterfeits
circulating in the Middle East.
260. Africa Report is a weekly TV programme

____.
A) unless it showcases the very best in Africa
B) that focuses on business and investment in
Africa
A) Following a US Secret Service probe, the

US Federal Reserve has wondered
B) Enormous quantities of dollar bills are held
in reserve in the US and overseas
C) though it covers everything from economic

reform to rewarding investment
opportunities
C) All of them are old allegations made by the

US Federal Reserve
D) so it has 250 million viewers in Africa alone

E) as it is brought to you by the worlds
leading business channel
D) The US governments currency policy has

been sharply criticised
E) It has been claimed, but never confirmed
by the US Federal Reserve
261. Environmentalists are criticizing the patent

office for delaying its decision on some new
measuring instruments ____.
258. The United Nations officially recognized the

greenhouse effect in 1995, ____.
A) while the guidelines have been

consistently ignored
A) when its International Panel on Climate

noted that human activity had a
discernible influence on global
temperatures
B) if applications for patents on plants are on

the increase
C) before objections were filed against
patents on a herbicide resistant plant
B) as the economies of developing nations

will grow over the next few decades
D) since they believe that these are urgently

needed to detect certain problems
C) if developing nations were exempted from

the Kyoto Agreement
D) since the US government announced that
it would not participate in Kyoto
Agreement
E) that the participating nations must make
large and costly changes in their energy
systems
E) as if the controversy had actually died

down
262. ____, they operate as effective carriers and

may pass it on to other birds which are more
susceptible.
A) Though many migratory birds are immune
to the effects of the avian flu virus
259. Oxygen, sugars and amino acids are allowed

into the brain ____.
A) as toxins could severely impair the brains
functioning
B) Since many residents of outlying villages

have refused to carry out the culling of
their chickens to prevent the spread of
avian flu
C) Despite the fact that the avian flu virus is
spread, primarily, by migratory birds
B) which provided early evidence of the

blood-brain barrier
D) As symptoms of bird flu in humans are

similar to those of common flu
C) but most other substances are kept out

D) that controls which molecules in the
bloodstream can enter the brain
E) If the spread of the avian flu virus through

populations of wild birds remains
unchecked
E) just as no other organ is equally efficient
Sayfa 44 / 68

263. If Iran were to go nuclear, ____.
266. ____ because they were continually forced to

defend their own conquests against other
invaders.
A) Russia and China did their best to stop it

B) the United States may have taken
preventive Action
A) The Romans did not usually impose heavy

tax burdens on the cities they conquered
C) other countries in the region would follow

suit
B) The geography of the Italian peninsula had

a decisive influence on Romes
development
D) the UN Security Council sanctions need to

be enacted without delay
C) The Romans were descended from various

Indo- European peoples that had crossed
the Alps intoItaly during the second
millennium B.C.
E) it can fire hundreds of missiles at Israel
264. During the Cold War, even as they prepared

to destroy one another, ____.
D) The Romans were a sternly military society

almost from the moment they settled on
Italian soil
A) the West has always sought opportunities

to make peace with the Soviet Union
E) The Romans looked to their gods to

bestow upon their households and their
city the blessings of prosperity, victory,
and fertility
B) the United States and the Soviet Union

had been involved in a constructive
dialogue
C) Britain has imported enormous quantities
of timber from the Soviet Union
D) the West and the Soviet Union struck deals
and traded in energy
267. ____ that they influenced cultures across the

Mediterranean.
E) the Soviet Union contributes a great deal

to Chinas economic development
A) Phoenician textiles commanded a high

price everywhere their merchants went
B) The Phoenicians may have played an
important role in introducing urban life
into the Greek world
265. ____ after strong winds and a heatwave

started dozens of forest fires.
A) Many villages in the area will be evacuated
C) Phoenician cities oriented themselves

towards the sea
D) The Phoenicians became famous as
merchants and seafarers
B) No precautions had been taken

C) The government would have set up a
special team of fire fighters
E) The widespread colonial and mercantile

efforts of the Phoenicians meant
D) Many fire fighting teams will have been

called in
E) Last summer, Athens was engulfed in thick
Smoke
Sayfa 45 / 68

268. Economic as well as social problems plagued
Europe during the 1970s and 1980s ____.
A) but these problems had actually begun
much earlier
271. According to a report released by the US

Secret Service, the Middle East is one of the
worlds hotspots ____.
A) as there are other conspiracy theories
emanating from the region
B) because new industries continued to

prosper
B) whether Iran and Syria are actively

engaged in economic warfare against the
US
C) in case the West German growth rate

would slow down
C) when it comes to counterfeit US currency
D) whereas seven hundred thousand French

workers had been laid off
D) while the Iranian government dismisses

charges of collaboration with
counterfeiters
E) unless demand for manufactured goods

fell Sharply
E) although there is a conspiracy to

undermine the US economy through
counterfeit currency
269. ____, it does not necessarily produce peace,

equality, or homogeneity.
A) If a key feature of globalization has been
the transformation of the world economy
272. Few figures in Western history have held the

attention of the world ____.
B) Just as globalization has radically altered

patterns of trade around the world
A) so long as Napoleon pursued serious

interests in history, law, and mathematics
C) Whenever globalization has forced the

reorganization of economic enterprises
B) as Napoleon did during the fifteen years of

his rule in France
D) Since globalization suggests a uniform

process, one that operates similarly
everywhere
C) because Napoleons character seemed

suited to the age in which he lived
E) Although globalization means worldwide

economic integration
D) since Napoleons particular strength as a

leader lay in his capacity for inspiring
others
E) just as Napoleon believed that he was
destined to be the saviour of France
270. Everyone knows ____.

A) that the politics of oil is crucial to life in
the Middle East
B) whether to the Arabs oil means the vast
petroleum reserves lying under the desert
sands
273. Although the British Royal Navy claims that it

was not operating any warships in the area
at the time, ____.
C) if in the Middle East oil is a precious source

of wealth and all too often a cause for war
A) underwater noise hasnt been fully

recognized as a form of pollution
B) it must have been military sonar that killed
the whales and dolphins
D) since non-OPEC oil producers currently

account for 58% of total production
C) there are no hard and fast guidelines for

seismic surveys
E) as Iraqi crude oil exports in 2007 were

more than 5% lower than in 2006
D) the UK would have had 25 warships which

carried active sonar
E) a number of marine mammals beached
themselves during this American military
operation
Sayfa 46 / 68

274. Half of the increase in EU Aid for Trade is
specifically targeted toward the African,
Caribbean and Pacific countries (ACP), ____.
276. If labour could be measured adequately in

simple homogeneous units of time, such as
labourhours, ____.
A) unless the European Commission set up

this programme to promote investment
and technology flow in these countries
A) it covers many other kinds of areas as well,

such as social security and worker
satisfaction
B) although the EU has used trade to advance

its development cooperation objectives in
the ACP nations for decades
B) a change in the organization of the

communitys labour would be likely to
increase the annual production of wealth
C) with which the EU is negotiating regional

Economic Partnership Agreements
designed to remove all tariff and quota
barriers to the EU market
C) earlier economists failed to find a simple

relation between the value of a product
and the quantity of labour that it
embodied
D) which could have enabled the leastdeveloped countries to use trade more
effectively to achieve their development
goals
D) different uses of the available supply of

labour need to be considered
E) the problems of economics would be
considerably simplified
E) because the European Commission

allocated billions of dollars for cooperation
with non-ACP countries
277. ____, where they are often seen floating in

the water like logs, with only their nostrils,
eyes, and ears above the surface.
275. ____, but just over 1 per cent of them spend

the night in Umbria, in the south of Tuscany.
A) Visitors to Lake Trasimeno will see few
other tourists
A) The Mississippi alligator, the American

crocodile, and the Chinese alligator are the
only other species
B) Crocodiles are found near swamps, lakes,
and rivers in Asia, Africa, Australia, and
Central America
B) Perugia is home to a world-famous jazz

festival in the summer and a chocolate
festival in the fall
C) In the town of Deruta, handmade giftitems fill many shop windows
C) As recently as several decades ago,

crocodiles were plentiful in much of the
tropics and subtropics
D) Tuscany attracts more than 12 per cent of

all visitors to Italy
D) This would have helped crocodiles to

adapt to different environments
E) Scenic stone hilltowns such as Assisi and

Gubbio are among the main attractions
E) Crocodiles can grow up to 7 metres in

length, and have long, powerful tails that
propel them when swimming
Sayfa 47 / 68

278. While some argue that the Elgin Marbles,
____, are more carefully preserved there, the
Greek government does not accept the
legality of the sale that took place in 1816
and believes they belong in Athens.
281. In the US in 1882, Peter J. McGuire, who is

generally given credit for the idea of Labor
Day, suggested to the Central Labor Union of
New York____.
A) if there was any particular significance for
the date
A) after they were acquired from the

Ottoman authorities of the time
B) that there should be a holiday honouring

American workers
B) since they are also called the Parthenon

Marbles
C) so they are very famous indeed
C) whether the significance of Labor Day in

the US had changed
D) which are kept in the British Museum in

London
D) whereas, in many other countries, May

Day serves a similar purpose
E) as if they were sold to the British nation
E) when the first Monday in September was

to be known as Labor Day
279. A colour-blind person cannot see any

difference between two colours ____.
A) while to people with normal sight they are
clearly different
282. Germany is similar in many ways to France,

Italy and the UK ____.
B) as if red and green were completely

different
A) unless it attaches primary importance to

both multilateral and bilateral diplomacy
B) as though the EU were essentially in
control of environmental policies
C) if this were the case with traffic-lights
C) where the foreign policy process in

Germany had to agree to a compromise in
recent years
D) since this is a potentially dangerous

situation
E) whether the top light or the bottom light
signals stop
280. All the major cities and islands of Spain have

airports, ____.
A) but buses will be a faster and more
frequently used option between smaller
towns
B) until Spain has an increasingly efficient
transportation system
C) even if both the road and rail networks
were greatly improved during the 1980s
and in the run-up to the Barcelona
Olympics in 1992
D) so in much of rural Spain, public
transportation is limited and a car is the
most practical solution for getting around
E) though only a few of them cater to
international flights
Sayfa 48 / 68
D) although this had led to arguments

concerning the proper role of the German
Foreign Ministry in shaping and
implementing policy
E) in that it is one of just a few European
states which attempt to maintain
worldwide representation

283. If the cost of health benefits for working
people in a country rises, ____.
285. ____, while just 1.7 tonnes of corn yields the

same result.
A) soaring health costs are one of the big

factors that have crippled the economy
A) A team of scientists has claimed that the

traditional methods of production in
plastics are extremely costly and have an
adverse impact on the environment
B) usually employers cut wages or pass on

the costs as higher prices to customers
B) It has been announced that a company in

China, sponsored by the government, is
planning to harvest plastics from crops of
corn
C) firms should, in fact, be indifferent to

whether they pay employees cash wages
or benefits
D) those costs have nearly doubled this
decade alone in many industrialized
countries
C) Eight tonnes of crude oil are currently

needed to create one tonne of polyol,
which is an alcoholic substance used in a
number of plastics
E) the current economic difficulties have

forced politicians to focus on health
reform
D) Scientists are now using a new type of

microscope that lets them view internal
structures of materials in greater detail
than ever before
284. ____ that bats use ultrasonic beams to follow

insects through the dark.
E) The device the companys scientists use

utilizes X-ray analysis technology and
reveals chemical compositions of objects
being studied
A) A group of students are experimenting

B) Scientists had wondered
C) A great deal of evidence needs to be
gathered
D) Its long been known
E) Over the years, no scientist has questioned
286. ____, but it failed to halt the rise of Adolf

Hitler and the Nazi war machine.
A) During World War II, France was split into
a German-occupied north and an
unoccupied south
B) Following World War II, France turned its
attention to its African colonies, where
there was a growing demand from the
natives for independence
C) After a series of extremely savage battles,
Allied armies liberated France in August
1944 from the German occupation
D) In May 1940, the Germans marched into
an undefended Paris, and in the following
month the French government signed an
armistice
E) Beginning in 1919, French foreign policy
aimed at keeping Germany weak through
a system of alliances
Sayfa 49 / 68

287. Although there were plenty of sceptics when
Mauritius tried a decade ago to become an
offshore financial centre, ____.
290. New radiocarbon dating of fossils suggests

____.
A) that mass extinctions of mammoths and
wild horses 10,000 years ago were caused
by natural climate shifts
A) it has partly attained its goal, since it now

hosts 19 national and international banks
B) it has built a textile industry that has made
the country relatively prosperous
B) whether humans were to blame for

extensive destruction in the natural world
and also for the pollution of the oceans
C) last month it brought in a new labour law,

making it easier to hire and fire
C) how scientists began to understand clearly

what dinosaurs ate and why they
disappeared from the face of the Earth
D) it imports most of its food and energy as

rising world prices are pushing up inflation
D) if an olive branch buried for thousands of

years in volcanic ash could have revealed
the fate of the great Minoan civilization on
the Greek island of Thera
E) much of the economy remains

concentrated in the hands of a few local
magnates
E) when it was scientifically established that

dinosaurs belonged to a large group of
reptiles called archosauria
288. In his opinion, poetry is essentially an effort

to elude facts, ____.
A) since he had been regarded as a promising
young poet
B) whereas prose is essentially a means of
unearthing and exhibiting them
291. ____, it would be regarded as a disaster at

home and abroad.
A) Since power generation in China fell by 7%
last year
C) but his poems have been published in

respectable literary journals
B) As India had enjoyed a big economic

advantage over China
D) because many critics share the view that

poets should be concerned with politics
C) Because unrest and even insurgency are

widespread in many countries
E) if many prose writers enjoy writing about

social and cultural issues
D) If Chinas growth rate were to fall to 5% or

less
E) While India is considered to be a major
economic power
289. Missions to the Moons previously unvisited

mountains and polar regions will aid the
search for water, ____.
A) since the first crewed mission will be
planned for the far side of the Moon
292. In the early years of the global warming

debate, there was great controversy over
____.
B) whereby test landings are scheduled to

begin in 2010
A) while China has been blamed for the

climate crisis today
C) which is vital to any future lunar base to

be set up by NASA
D) even if the mission aims to land astronauts
on the surface of the Moon by 2015
E) even though dense clouds of interstellar
dust conceal the heart of our galaxy
B) although scientists have concluded that

this warming is dangerous
C) since the details of future forecasts about
warming remain unclear
D) that warming would be a significant
problem in the decades ahead
E) whether the planet was indeed warming
Sayfa 50 / 68

293. ____ that the basic principle of collective
ownership of rural land will remain
unchanged.
296. ____ where bones that span six million years

of human evolution have been dug up over
the last 25 years.
A) In the past, many people in China feared
A) New archaeological evidence helps us to

understand the evolution of primitive
humans
B) The Chinese government had already

decided
B) Various fossils have recently been found in

an Ethiopian valley
C) Some politicians in China took part in a

debate
C) The history of human evolution can best

be traced through the study of fossils
D) The Chinese Prime Minister has stated

E) Chinese peasants held a protest meeting
last Sunday
D) The new discoveries in Ethiopia

significantly expand our knowledge of
primitive humans
E) In Ethiopia, a wide range of fossils,
including teeth, skull, jaw and hand bones,
have been discovered
294. ____, but it no longer sponsors terrorism.

A) North Korea had long wanted to reach an
agreement with the US
B) North Korea had, until recently, no
intention of giving up nuclear weapons
C) The North Koreans and the Japanese have
had talks on a variety of issues
297. When Franois Mitterrand nationalized

Frances banks in 1981, ____.
A) he opposed the view that economic liberty
had been under attack
D) Two decades ago, two North Korean

agents blew up a South Korean airliner
B) he had already decided to minimize these

risks in a short term
E) North Koreas regime may be brutal in all

sorts of ways
C) he had tried to avoid populist gestures

D) his ultimate aim has been to regulate
Frances financial system
295. Because Brazils exports include a wide

variety of valuable raw materials, ____.
E) he did so because he thought the state

would run them better
A) the unpredictable exchange rates had

damaged the countrys economy a lot
B) the government introduced a number of
austerity measures to reduce inflation
298. In the 1970s and 1980s, Colombia became

one of the international centres for illegal
drug production and trafficking ____.
C) the country has had huge earnings in

foreign currency over the past few years
D) the countrys economy cannot satisfy
domestic demand without higher inflation
E) most economists agree that a weaker
currency will mean higher inflation
A) because the drug cartels virtually

controlled the country
B) even though 2 million Colombians have
left the country in the past several years
C) that the government unsuccessfully
attempted to stem the guerrilla violence
D) just as the leading drug dealers were
offered lenient punishment in exchange
for their surrender
E) since the country has turned into a
battleground with bombs, killings and
kidnappings
Sayfa 51 / 68

299. New Zealand consists of two main islands
and a number of smaller, outlying islands,
which are so scattered ____.
302. The prevalence of schizophrenia worldwide

appears to be slightly less than 1 per cent
____.
A) while the country has been in the

forefront in instituting social welfare
legislation
A) if schizophrenia is a relatively serious

mental disorder
B) since it is regarded as a major public
health problem throughout the world
B) as other inhabited islands include the

Chatham Islands and Great Barrier Island
C) because schizophrenia and other

delusional disorders share certain features
C) even if the North Island and the South

Island are separated by the Cook Strait
D) although areas of higher or lower

prevalence have been identified
D) since the Maoris, who consisted of several

tribes, were the first inhabitants of the
country
E) unless people with schizophrenia occupy

one fourth of all hospital beds
E) that they range from the tropical to the

Antarctic
303. During the early decades of the Industrial
Revolution, ____, while in France it was
checked not only by government
interference but also by the bounty of its
sources.
300. Suriname, now a Latin American country,

was originally explored by Spain in 1593,
____.
A) because the English transferred
sovereignty to the Dutch in 1667
B) but by 1602 the Dutch began to settle the
land, followed by the English
C) since colonization was confined to a
narrow coastal strip
A) it took nearly a fortnight to travel from

London to Edinburgh
B) textiles made up over 50 per cent of
Britains exports
C) the steam engine, invented by James
Watt, supplied continuous and reliable
power
D) although African slaves made up the

workforce for coffee and sugarcane
plantations
D) technology in Britain was developed by

new industrial requirements
E) while after 1870 plantation workers were

mostly imported from British India
E) Britain had a transport network without

parallel in Europe
301. Some types of breast cancer grow very

slowly and spread to other parts of the body
____.
A) as an infected breast usually appears red
and swollen
B) so long as they can be detected
C) only after they become very large
D) so that the diseased breast may be
removed
E) because recently two separate genes for
breast cancer have been identified
Sayfa 52 / 68

304. According to Marxs theory of history, when
the French Revolution overthrew the old
order, ushering in bourgeois political power
and industrial capitalism, ____.
306. ____ whether it is a work of high quality or

just a worthless piece of writing.
A) Today in Europe and America, there is a
tremendous outpouring of printed books
from the publishers
A) the stage of feudal or aristocratic property

relations ended
B) B)The appreciation of literature is surely

concerned with judgement of complete
works
B) world history had passed through three

major stages, each characterized by
conflict between social groups
C) The majority of works of literature are

lengthy novels, plays, and poems
C) the revolutionary character of capitalism

would undermine the bourgeois economic
order
D) Experienced literary critics can tell with

some certainty from just the first
paragraph of a novel
D) recurring economic crises would bring

capitalism to collapse
E) The English language has resources which

enable us to express thoughts in different
ways
E) each individual best understood his or her

own interests and was therefore left free
305. ____ that space and motion are relative to

each other instead of being absolute.
A) As early as 1905 Einstein became
convinced of the equivalence of mass and
energy
307. ____, but the two forms of writing are so

unlike each other that they probably
developed independently.
B) Einsteins most famous theory, the

principle of relativity, states
A) Some historical linguists have postulated

that early Egyptian might represent the
survival of a root language
B) Among the many facets of Egyptian
culture that have fascinated archaeologists
is the Egyptian system of pictographic
writing
C) By 1915 Einstein had proposed entirely

new ways of thinking about matter, time,
and gravity
C) The photographic nature of Egyptian

hieroglyphics may indicate an early
influence from the Sumerian cuneiform
script
D) Einsteins theories paved the way for

revolutionary developments in physics
E) Einstein devoted much of his life to
promoting peace and social justice
D) Contrary to the Sumerian cuneiform script,

Egyptian hieroglyphics never evolved very
far towards a system of phonograms
E) As in Sumer, writing technology quickly
becamean important tool for Egyptian
government and administration
Sayfa 53 / 68

308. Medieval scholars knew as Roman authors
only Virgil, Ovid, and Cicero, ____.
310. ____, infectious disease continued to kill half

of all Europeans before they reached the age
of twenty.
A) but during the Renaissance the works of

others such as Livy, Tacitus, and Lucretius
were rediscovered and made familiar
A) Although famines became less common

and less widespread in Europe in the
eighteenth century
B) whether Greek scientific and philosophical

writings became available to Westerners
in Latin translations through Islam
B) Unless the total number of urban dwellers

across Europe as a whole did not change
markedly between 1600 and 1800
C) because Renaissance thinkers not only

knew many more classical texts but they
also used them in new ways
C) Because improved sanitation, together

with a better diet, may have played some
role in the rise of Europes population in
the 1820s
D) whereby Renaissance writers were more

aware of the conceptual and chronological
gap that separated their world from that
of their classical sources
D) Since Naples went from a population of

300.000 in 1600 to nearly half a million by
the late eighteenth century
E) since Renaissance humanism was a

programme of studies that aimed to
replace medieval scholastic emphasis on
logic and metaphysics
309. Mozart, who was one of the leading

representatives of the Classical style in
music, was only thirty-five ____.
A) because the Church continued to provide
support for music
E) Just as many of the million or so men and

women employed in the textile trade in
northern France in the seventeenth
century lived in cities
311. In his famous work Novum Organum, Francis

Bacon emphasized that natural science could
not advance ____.
A) so that this could mean gaining knowledge
of nature through the senses
B) as opera flourished in the eighteenth

century
B) whether the knowledge of ancient

authorities was the best guide to truth
C) when he died of rheumatic fever
C) if knowledge was best gained through

cooperation among researchers
D) even though Bach was certainly the

greatest composer of Baroque music
D) unless it cast off the inherited errors of the

past
E) just as Rousseau composed music and

wrote an Opera
E) whereby he left a deep mark on the

development of modern science
Sayfa 54 / 68

312. In the mid-1930s, ____, unemployment
dropped from over 6 million to under two
hundred thousand.
315. ____ that either depend on those hormones

or are inhibited by them.
A) Hormone therapies raise or lower levels of
certain hormones to limit the growth of
cancers
A) if Hitler was to maintain power and enjoy

a sizeable amount of popular support
B) so long as Hitler promised to lead
Germany back to national greatness
B) In the opinion of most physicians, surgery,

radiation therapy, and chemotherapy play
definite roles in treating tumours
C) as the Nazis built the entire German

military infrastructure
C) Unfortunately, some tumours, such as

those in the stomach, pancreas, or kidney,
respond only partially to radiation therapy
D) unless Hitlers plans for national recovery

called for full-scale rearmament
D) Progress in cancer therapy has come with

better combinations of drugs, altered
dosages, and better coordination with
radiation therapy
E) since Hitler, like Mussolini, moved to

abolish class conflict in Germany
E) Almost everyone who receives

chemotherapy or radiation therapy
experiences certain side effects, such as
nausea or vomiting
313. ____, but they provide a wonderful way to

see the countryside and the wildlife.
A) Hitchhiking is still fairly common in some
European countries
B) There are several ferry services between
France and Britain
C) One of the finest ways to get a taste of life
in Finland is to go boating on a lake
316. ____, just as his sister represented female

excellence.
D) Cycling is certainly a most enjoyable way

of seeing parts of central France
E) Trains in Argentina are much less frequent
and efficient than buses
314. ____, even though the number of paintings

he produced wasnt large.
A) Homers epic The Iliad, in which the

Olympian gods are portrayed, refers to
Apollo as the god who sends disease with
his arrows
B) Apollo was one of the twelve gods of
Olympus and, during the Trojan War, he
supported the Trojans against the Greeks
C) In mythology, Apollo, who was the twin
brother of Artemis, known also as Diana,
was considered to represent masculine
physical perfection
A) It is true that Leonardo da Vinci lived in

Milan until 1499 when the city was
captured by the French forces
B) Leonardo da Vinci was born in or near the
small town of Vinci, a days journey from
Florence
C) Leonardo da Vincis writings on painting
were first published in 1651 in Paris from
his scattered notes as Treatise on Painting
D) Leonardo da Vinci is one of the very few
artists whose reputation has from his own
time onwards always remained at the
highest level
E) When Leonardo da Vinci came to Florence
as a young man, he became the Florentine
painter Verrocchios apprentice
Sayfa 55 / 68
D) Among the ancient Greeks, Apollo was

worshipped not only as the god of poetic
and musical inspiration but also as the god
of the sun
E) In antiquity, Apollos temple at Delphi was
often visited by large crowds because it
was a major centre for prophesies

317. ____ because the Byzantine empire was the
uninterrupted successor of the Roman state.
319. In the late 1920s, many politicians were

cautiously optimistic ____.
A) A new period in the history of Western

civilizations began in the seventh century
A) if the Nazis tried to eliminate the

influences of American popular culture,
which they regarded as an example of
cultural degeneracy
B) It is impossible to date the beginning of

Byzantine history with any precision
B) in case the Nazis, like other authoritarian

governments, had used mass media as an
efficient means of indoctrination and
control
C) The history of Western civilizations is

largely a story of rivalries and interactions
D) In medieval Italy, commerce and cities
continued to flourish due to trade with the
East
C) that the economic troubles and political

turmoil, which had been brought about by
World War I, could easily be overcome
E) By 650 the Arabs had taken most of the

Byzantine territories, including Jerusalem
D) just as one powerful influence on the

artists and intellectuals of the time was
neither social nor political, but scientific
318. Our knowledge of the Etruscans is severely

limited ____.
E) so that artists might continue to focus on

subjective experiences, multiplicities of
meaning, and personal expression
A) that, by the sixth century B.C., the

Etruscans had established a confederation
of independent citystates
B) while Etruscan women enjoyed a
comparatively elevated place in society
320. ____, the Vietnam War, which relied on a

disproportionate number of black soldiers,
magnified racial inequality in the United
States.
C) whether the Etruscans shared with the

Greeks a religion based on the worship of
gods in human form
A) When President Johnson began the

strategic bombing of North Vietnam
D) just as it appears that Etruscan

settlements in Italy go back to the late
Bronze Age
B) As Martin Luther King, Jr., pointed out in

the 1960s
E) since their language, although written in a

Greek alphabet, has not yet been fully
deciphered
C) Although the South Vietnamese

government resisted efforts at reform
D) Even if the peace talks in Paris between
the United States and North Vietnam
failed
E) Since the 1954 Geneva Accords divided
Vietnam into North and South
Sayfa 56 / 68

321. Following World War II, Japan emerged as a
major industrial power because large state
subsidies supported the success of Japanese
firms, ____.
323. Whether you are interested in the ancient,

medieval, or modern world, ____.
A) the Cities of the Dead are cemeteries in
Cairo that have become home to
thousands of the citys poorest
A) if the Japanese government launched a

series of austere economic measures to
reduce unemployment
B) you can visit the Old City of Jerusalem,

which is home to countless Jewish,
Christian, and Muslim sacred sites, such as
the Wailing Wall
B) unless the firms themselves concentrated

on the efficiency and technical reliability of
their products
C) you can see the ancient cities of Harappa

and Mohenjo-Daro in Pakistan dating back
to 3000 BC that are still under excavation
C) even though every Japanese government

regarded the creation of prosperity as a
fundamental patriotic duty
D) you can find art and architecture from

each time period anywhere people resided
in the Middle East
D) while a well-funded programme of

technical education aided research and
the development of new goods
E) the Egyptian Museum in Cairo is a treasure

chest of mummies, statues, and thousands
of other items of historic value
E) whereas Japan, as a fully industrialized

country, not only led the way but also
became the most influential model of
success
324. ____, while larger sailing cruisers are used

for long-distance racing.
322. Galileo observed sunspots, ____.
A) Smaller sail boats are used for weekend

and holiday cruising
A) which he sketched and documented as

real irregularities on the surface of the sun
B) Many different types of smaller sailing

dinghies have gone on the market
B) since he claimed that the craters of the

moon were the features of its landscape
C) Fibreglass has helped extend the use of

smaller boats to more people
C) even if, with the support of the Medici

family, he was able to pursue his work on
astronomy
D) The yacht Maiden was used to compete in

a long race with the first female crew
D) so long as his ideas on astronomy brought

him into conflict with powerful opponents
E) The kayak is the most popular type of

canoe in Europe
E) whether he was already a famous

mathematician at the University of Padua
325. Because social relations are so crucial for
human life, ____.
A) young adults often devote long hours to
work, leaving little time for other activities
B) relationships that cut across both racial
and ethnic lines are nothing new
C) it is not surprising that loneliness and
personal rejection are major sources of
distress
D) loneliness can take many forms and
cannot be detected simply by looking at
someone
E) it is possible to experience one type of
loneliness but not the others
Sayfa 57 / 68

326. ____, but it is easy to see proof of major
market failures there as well.
329. There are hundreds of mental or cognitive

ability tests available worldwide, ____.
A) It is possible for trade policy to ignore

national welfare altogether
A) while aptitude tests are typically used to

predict future performance
B) Domestic market failure calls for domestic

policy changes based on cost-benefit
analysis
B) therefore new applicants are assumed to

be more successful in such tests
C) so people need to study very hard if they
want to get a good score
C) Most deviations from free trade result in

market failure
D) though people have to be careful and

make sure they know their mental ability
D) We need to realize that economic theory

does not provide a dogmatic defence of
free trade
E) yet the number of people who value their

results remains very low
E) The evidence that markets perform poorly

is a little less obvious in advanced
countries
327. Although young children are certainly

sensitive to other peoples facial expressions,
____.
330. A glacier is an enormous ice mass ____.

A) since a mountain valley carved out by a
river is usually steep
A) they find it difficult to learn that

something is bad for them
B) as long as the surrounding rock is scoured

by the ice and sediment
B) their brains are not capable of fully

understanding the emotions that cause
them
C) that results from more snow falling and

accumulating in winter than melts in the
summer
C) it is still not a good idea to send them to

school at a very early age
D) while the sun rays are not as strong during

these times
D) they generally want things that they

cannot have
E) which shows that our mild climate is only

an interval between ice ages
E) it is hard for them to deal with being

separated from their caregivers
328. The language game is similar to other games

in that it is structured by rules ____.
331. People lose one of the most obvious ways in

which they can identify their place in society
____.
A) upon which certain notions have not yet

been defined clearly by linguists
A) when they leave the workforce

permanently
B) which provide a picture of a world without

laws
C) so that individuals are initiated into their
own society and culture by their parents
B) so they need to gain a lot of work

experience
C) because they generally love to socialize
D) as their retirement is a reward for years of
hard work
D) which speakers learn simply by belonging

to a particular speech community
E) and these are completely irrelevant to the
actual users of the language
Sayfa 58 / 68
E) despite their failure to change their habits

332. You will feel right at home with Floridas
outrageous broadcasts ____.
335. Although obsession with the latest clothes

and gadgets is common among teenagers,
____.
A) whereas analogue sound has higher

fidelity than digital sound
A) materialism actually peaks during pre-teen

years
B) if you are accustomed to the

sensationalism of cheap daily newspapers
B) praise from peers about their clothing

diminishes their self-esteem
C) although they give you direct access to

many TV channels
C) higher levels of materialism can also lead

to obsession
D) whether you have to choose from a wide

variety of radio channels
D) boosting teenagers' self esteem can help

improve their performance at school
E) as though your favourite song was on air

all day long
E) the "must have" mentality is significant in

shaping one's personality
333. He says that if any such evidence existed,

____.
336. ____ since he speaks English, French and

Italian fluently.
A) they will conduct the experiment under

controlled conditions
A) They asked him to teach Turkish on many

occasions
B) he is most probably wrong in interpreting

the evidence
B) He is having to take lessons in order to

learn English
C) it would have been published in a scientific

journal
C) He seems qualified to be in charge of the

department of multilingualism
D) there can be some counter claims

regarding the sample
D) There is talk of splitting the large

internalmarket portfolio
E) you might as well follow the advice from

the researchers
E) It is hard to see him dealing with the

French delegates
334. Just as nobody could have predicted the

impact of the steam engine in 1750, ____.
337. ____ before calm can resume and a stable

new order can emerge.
A) 3D printers were used for photocopying

for many years.
A) The country has a long way to go
B) 3D technology is likely to disrupt every

field it Touches
B) Mobile phones continue to spread news
C) it is unclear whether 3D printing requires

additional material and effort
D) technological change is profound enough
to reset the economics of 3D printing
C) Liberal voters wish to win an electoral

victory
D) The latest unrest may die down
E) No one can be sure of a new order
E) it is impossible to foresee the long-term

influence of 3D printing
Sayfa 59 / 68

338. ____ they would probably do well, perhaps
even win.
341. ____, scientists are entirely dependent on

their instruments to hear the toothed
whales' clicks
A) Had they been informed in advance
A) Since humans can hear only sounds

between 20 and 20,000 hertz
B) Provided they are ready

C) Unless a general election is called
B) As the vessel has made both acoustic and

visual observations of whales
D) If there were fair elections

E) Should there be a cancellation of elections
C) While other whales use sound to hunt,

orient themselves, and communicate
D) Given that sound travels easily through air
and water
339. Some politicians were asked to describe the

emotions their own demise would arouse
and what would happen after they died,
____.
E) Because the blue whales vocalizations are

very easy to recognize
A) therefore all groups gave highly favourable

opinions on the measures that were taken
by the government
342. Warsaw is rich in museums and historic

sights ____,
B) while others were given the rather less

difficult task of answering questions about
their TV viewing habits
A) where the streets are less crowded than

most European cities
B) because the inhabitants of the city are
proud of their history
C) when the study showed a politician can be

a charismatic leader advocating home
security measures
C) although most of them were damaged

during World War ll
D) whereas a politician usually faced an uphill

battle to win the approval of voters in an
impending election
D) when it finally became the capital city of

Poland in 1596
E) even if you could imagine an unscrupulous

politician having a quiet word in the ear of
an intelligence officer
340. With satellite digital radio, good reception is

guaranteed, ____.
E) because Warsaw is visited by thousands of

tourists every year
343. ____, while in sailing ships the wind has been

an essential source of power for even longer.
A) before your receiver has been installed by

the mechanic
B) if you pay too much money for the digital
radio
A) Windmills have been used for at least

3,000 years, mainly for grinding grain or
pumping water
B) In Germany, scientists have constructed a
new wind turbine that generates a great
amount of electricity
C) after you sign up for a monthly payment

D) as long as you point your receiver at the
satellite
E) unless you purchase a good satellite digital
radio
C) Wind power has come to fall into disuse

with the advent of cheap fossil-fuelled
engines
D) There is now a reappraisal of wind energy
because of the dramatic increases in crude
oil prices
E) Lately, there has been widespread interest
in using wind energy for remote dwellings
Sayfa 60 / 68

344. In addition to the normal problems of
working out a satisfactory marital
relationship, ____.
346. Though a stronger global recovery would

ease some of the pain in recruitment, ____.
A) some governments will introduce
extensive programs focusing on young
people
A) the expansion of a family could happen in

a variety of ways, including having a child
and the moving in of a relative
B) labour experts believe the problem of

youth unemployment demands special
attention
B) people now seem to prefer getting

married at a later age when compared to
the past
C) the gap between the skilled and unskilled

workforce has been filled with in-service
training
C) most relationships are exchanges of

valued resources and involve an analysis of
costs and benefits
D) those who graduate from universities have

now more difficulty in finding a job than in
the past
D) couples from different cultures may have

to cope with social discrimination and
isolation
E) the employment of young people is said to

overcome recession in developed nations
E) more needs to be done for parents who

are unable to meet the educational needs
of their children
347. ____, because it is driven uniquely by its

financial returns.
345. As the population of Asias wild tigers has
declined over the years, ____.
A) Conventional tourism management lacks

adequate market assessment
A) the improved health of Thailands forests

suggests that the tiger population could
continue to grow
B) Tourism is, after all, a social activity that

many people enjoy
C) A tourism development plan is important
for a city to manage visitors
B) it is known that global alarm for the

species first sounded in 1969 following a
peak in the tiger skin trade
C) they are also regarded as powerful
swimmers and can supplement their diets
with marine life
D) these legendary animals have become a
thing of the fable as much as reality
E) they are not picky about their food and
environment like pandas
Sayfa 61 / 68
D) The implementation stage in tourism

development includes plan objectives and
public concerns
E) Tourism planning usually fails to take
environmental and social impacts into
account

348. ____, why dont we all have serious trouble
with our body image?
351. Statements made in the media can plant

distortions in the minds of millions, ____.
A) Provided that a deficit plays the leading

role in the development of anorexia
A) while the news often has an implicit bias

that may portray opinions in misleading
ways
B) If various biological and environmental

factors come together to create a problem
in the body
B) although people attribute some

misconceptions to a predetermined
campaign of certain authorities
C) Given that each of us is extensively

exposed to images of presumably perfect
bodies
C) instead they are most likely the result of

common types of reasoning errors
D) When our body image and functioning go

hand in hand in a healthy manner
D) but learning to recognize commonly used

fallacies will help you separate fact from
fiction
E) Now that a sportswoman can become

overly concerned with her deformed body
shape
349. You can still make it your own and increase

your chances of achieving it ____.
E) and TV shows should be supplied with

both educational and entertaining
characteristics
352. Colours, sounds and smells are always

present in the material world but are
meaningless to us ____.
A) even if your goal has stemmed from an

external motivation
A) although separate analyses of art and

mind lead to a misunderstanding of each
B) in case forming a new habit requires

choosing between the pleasant and
familiar
B) yet the things we cannot perceive with our

five senses are called abstract notions
C) once you have found the reason for giving

up an unsatisfying job
C) so we have specific knowledge of the brain

as reflected by neurological principles
D) unless you look for an activity that will

help you tackle challenges more
enthusiastically
D) whether we are just beginning to

understand these natural processes
E) after you stop trying to make an important

change in your lifestyle
E) unless they first activate our senses and

are then represented as cognitive events
350. ____, they are often exposed to indoor

pollution.
353. Even if we have a lot of work, ____.
A) Because people can be affected to a great

extent by a citys infrastructure
B) Though the majority of factories use fuel
especially for the production process
C) If facilities for health care are a concern in
all countries across the world
D) When cars are used more frequently than
public transportation
E) Since poor households are more
dependent on solid fuel for heating and
cooking
Sayfa 62 / 68
A) we have some difficulties in making our

future plans clear
B) we do not usually complain about being
busy
C) there are various conditions that affect our
behaviour
D) we never tend to pay attention to
relationships
E) some details can remind us of our early
experiences

354. ____, while the early pioneers of intelligence
testing were mostly interested in theoretical
questions about the nature of intelligence.
357. Although plays were being written as early as

300 BC, ____.
A) the Greek audiences view of the stage
was framed by the landscape and sky
A) IQ tests initially ignored the development

of intelligence
B) Roman theatres included large

amphitheatres for the audience which
could be built into hills
B) Determining what intelligence is and how

it changes has not been easy
C) Theoretical issues in intelligence testing
tradition have overshadowed practical
ones
C) the action of the play took place on a

raised stage or pulpitum
D) Any approach to intelligence must have

confronted the question of its structure
D) the first permanent theatres where they

could be staged properly were not built
until much later
E) The pragmatic origins and uses of IQ tests

have recently been emphasized
E) the function and proportion of theatrical

elements changed significantly
355. When employees lack skill and interest,

____.
358. A 10% increase in the cost of hospital

services would cause poorer households to
cut back their hospital care by 4.7%, ____.
A) performing a job well means people

should also help manage it
A) in spite of the fact that many developing

nations subsidize medical care by about
5%
B) expecting them to lead a project

successfully is unrealistic
B) thus the difference between poor and

wealthy households is even larger
C) the goal would be to increase

communication in a unit
C) whereas the wealthy would have to do the

same by only 2.9%
D) unnecessary interference and distractions

will cease
D) because the higher price of medical care

would not affect the wealthy at all
E) too much appraisal will make it tough for

people to concentrate
E) but the same pattern occurs in the

demand for medical services in poorer
households
356. If they are striving to do their work ethically,

____.
A) history teachers will need to discuss the
moral implications of events with their
students
359. Some firms provide special services for

frequent buyers such as encouraging repeat
business with discounts ____.
B) no one can effectively teach children how

people should behave in a conflict
C) citizens worldviews are often related to
the realities of their daily lives
A) because their previous experience may not

be relevant
B) so that making purchases from them
becomes a part of the customers routine
D) there will be aspects of human rights that

underpin society
E) how processes are described in a society is
very Important
C) although this practice is similar to the

process of problem solving
D) when consumers face a really new concept
E) as it does not confirm how long this offer
will be Valid
Sayfa 63 / 68

360. Enthusiasts in some countries had been
building small rockets and thinking about
space travel for many years, ____.
363. In order to make the first vessels to cross

stretches of water, ____.
A) ancient civilizations depended heavily on
these for their survival and expansion
A) which went on to launch the first

astronauts on the Redstone rocket in 1961
B) the Greeks brought the art of rowing to a

level of perfection that has never been
surpassed
B) therefore most of this work involved

building large rockets for actual space
travel
C) early attempts were often unique to the

societies that originated them
C) whereas a Russian teacher worked out

many of the principles of rocket science 50
years ago
D) people had already developed them for

such purposes as fishing and transporting
goods
D) but it was a team of scientists and

engineers in Germany that finally made
the dream a reality
E) early humans employed materials ranging

from animal skins to small pieces of timber
E) even though they had been fascinated by

the idea of space travel since their
childhood
364. While several other minerals are needed for

muscle function, ____.
A) knowledge of your body and its functions
can be a great ally in health matters
361. ____, London has decided to transform its

poorest neighbourhood into a display of
what the Olympic Games can mean beyond
medals.
B) most of the calories in the food we eat are

used by our muscles
A) Since the athletes are competing to win

gold, silver and bronze medals
C) the contours of the body alter as the

muscles strengthen
B) Because many people question the value

of hosting the Olympic Games
D) exercise is a vital ingredient for keeping

the human body in good health
C) Whenever the idea of hosting the Olympic

Games emerges
E) continuous intake of calcium helps to

maintain a healthy skeleton
D) Though the political support would be

dependent on being chosen to host the
Olympic Games
365. Despite the political upheavals in the Arab

world, ____.
E) If hosting international events is

considered to be a valuable experience
A) the Middle East is gaining ground to

become one of the worlds popular tourist
destinations
362. In general, copyright law takes the view that

computer programs are not patentable ____.
A) when an antivirus program is
recommended for safe computer use
B) business boom, in places like Dubai and

Abu Dhabi, has had little impact on the
economies
C) the airlines are rapidly expanding their
routes in Europe and Asia
B) if checking e-mails on a daily basis has

become a habit
D) emphasis on new policies is required to

overcome recession in these countries
C) now that lengthy court battles benefit

neither party
E) stability, strong economic growth and

value for money are the key factors of
economic mobility
D) even though some programs have simply

undergone a digital transformation
E) unless they are genuine innovations with
industrial applications
Sayfa 64 / 68

366. Whereas there are undoubted social benefits
to increasing home ownership, ____.
369. ____, you can work on extinguishing any

undesirable behaviours.
A) the mortgage companies that finance

home buyers can go bankrupt
A) Unless you proceed to the interviewers

office for your interview
B) there are some economic problems

associated with it
B) Although previous work experience is

sought by almost all employers nowadays
C) more and more people prefer to buy

homes than rent
C) Once you are able to see yourself

interacting with others
D) the existing laws make it financially more

attractive to purchase
D) Whereas there is much to be learned

about human nature in general
E) incentives to rent houses still remain at

historically low levels
E) Just as any communicative event requires

at least one person to be around
367. No matter how good the food we eat is, if it

is not well digested, absorbed into the blood
and assimilated into the cells, ____.
370. It might not be practical to use a different

password for every single website that you
log into ____.
A) we can, in time, develop symptoms and

nutritional deficiency
A) so online shopping involves more than just

a seller and a buyer
B) food must be well chewed and mixed with

saliva
B) although it is more suggestible for

someone to rely on a computer engineer
C) an alkaline environment is needed for the

next stage of digestion
C) since nicknames on the Internet are not

enough to protect you from harm
D) it reaches the stomach where it is mixed

with pepsin
D) while the term surfing has become more

widespread as more people use computers
E) the breakdown of the protein in food

begins here
E) but it is definitely worth having more than

one for security reasons
368. ____, Indian culture was primarily oral, with

a high value placed on recounting tales and
dreams.
371. The nests birds leave behind provide clues

about their lives and environment ____.
A) No matter how extraordinarily diverse

Indian customs and culture have been
A) as the architectural complexity of these

nests hardly untangles their genealogy
B) just as archaeological sites supply glimpses
of human history
B) As native American Indians evolved into

complex hierarchical societies that
practiced human sacrifice
C) but nest-collecting was a popular boyhood

hobby in the 19th century
C) Even though the first Indians began

constructing earthen burial sites and
fortifications around 600 BC
D) despite the fact that they remain a largely

untapped scientific resource
E) before they lay eggs in order to sustain the
continuation of their species
D) If all European emigrants had left their

homelands to escape political oppression
E) Although some North American tribes
developed a type of hieroglyphics to
preserve certain texts
Sayfa 65 / 68

372. ____, not only cell operators but also law
enforcement have come under fire for
exploiting personal data without the users
knowledge.
374. In addition to the normal problems of

working out a satisfactory marital
relationship, ____.
A) the expansion of a family could happen in
a variety of ways, including having a child
and the moving in of a relative
A) After the companies have agreed widely

on privacy policies
B) Although law enforcement units permit
users to reach all sites
B) people now seem to prefer getting

married at a later age when compared to
the past
C) Since market demand is driving some of

the biggest collectors of data into piracy
C) most relationships are exchanges of

valued resources and involve an analysis of
costs and benefits
D) As smart phones tracking abilities have

become more sophisticated
D) couples from different cultures may have

to cope with social discrimination and
isolation
E) Now that banking transactions via mobile

devices are almost completely secure
E) more needs to be done for parents who

are unable to meet the educational needs
of their children
373. ____, while in sailing ships the wind has been

an essential source of power for even longer
A) Windmills have been used for at least
3,000 years, mainly for grinding grain or
pumping water
375. As the population of Asias wild tigers has

declined over the years, ____.
B) In Germany, scientists have constructed a

new wind turbine that generates a great
amount of electricity
C) Wind power has come to fall into disuse
with the advent of cheap fossil-fuelled
engines
A) the improved health of Thailands forests

suggests that the tiger population could
continue to grow
B) it is known that global alarm for the
species first sounded in 1969 following a
peak in the tiger skin trade
D) There is now a reappraisal of wind energy

because of the dramatic increases in crude
oil prices
E) Lately, there has been widespread interest
in using wind energy for remote dwellings
C) they are also regarded as powerful

swimmers and can supplement their diets
with marine life
D) these legendary animals have become a
thing of the fable as much as reality
E)
Sayfa 66 / 68
they are not picky about their food and

environment like pandas

376. Though a stronger global recovery would
ease some of the pain in recruitment, ____.
378. ____, why dont we all have serious trouble

with our body image?
A) some governments will introduce

extensive programs focusing on young
people
A) Provided that a deficit plays the leading

role in the development of anorexia
B) If various biological and environmental
factors come together to create a problem
in the body
B) labour experts believe the problem of

youth unemployment demands special
attention
C) Given that each of us is extensively

exposed to images of presumably perfect
bodies
C) the gap between the skilled and unskilled

workforce has been filled with in-service
training
D) When our body image and functioning go

hand in hand in a healthy manner
D) those who graduate from universities

have now more difficulty in finding a job
than in the past
E)
E) Now that a sportswoman can become

overly concerned with her deformed body
shape
the employment of young people is said

to overcome recession in developed
nations
379. You can still make it your own and increase

your chances of achieving it ____.
377. ____, because it is driven uniquely by its

financial returns.
A) even if your goal has stemmed from an

external motivation
A) Conventional tourism management lacks

adequate market assessment
B) in case forming a new habit requires

choosing between the pleasant and
familiar
B) Tourism is, after all, a social activity that

many people enjoy
C) A tourism development plan is important
for a city to manage visitors
C) once you have found the reason for giving

up an unsatisfying job
D) The implementation stage in tourism

development includes plan objectives and
public concerns
E)
D) unless you look for an activity that will

help you tackle challenges more
enthusiastically
Tourism planning usually fails to take

environmental and social impacts into
account
E) after you stop trying to make an important

change in your lifestyle
380. ____, they are often exposed to indoor

pollution.
A) Because people can be affected to a great
extent by a citys infrastructure
B) Though the majority of factories use fuel
especially for the production process
C) If facilities for health care are a concern in
all countries across the world
D) When cars are used more frequently than
public transportation
E) Since poor households are more
dependent on solid fuel for heating and
cooking
Sayfa 67 / 68

381. Statements made in the media can plant
distortions in the minds of millions, ____.
A) while the news often has an implicit bias
that may portray opinions in misleading
ways
B) although people attribute some
misconceptions to a predetermined
campaign of certain authorities
C) instead they are most likely the result of
common types of reasoning errors
D) but learning to recognize commonly used
fallacies will help you separate fact from
fiction
E)
and TV shows should be supplied with

both educational and entertaining
characteristics
382. Colours, sounds and smells are always

present in the material world but are
meaningless to us ____.
A) although separate analyses of art and mind
lead to a misunderstanding of each
B) yet the things we cannot perceive with our
five senses are called abstract notions
C) so we have specific knowledge of the brain
as reflected by neurological principles
D) whether we are just beginning to
understand these natural processes
E) unless they first activate our senses and are
then represented as cognitive events
Sayfa 68 / 68

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ICON YABANCI DL AKADEMS

It was somewhere near here ____ .

A) now the dogs caught the scent of the fox

A) Quite a lot of the objections will be easily

B) where the fire-fighters lose control

B) The foreman may take it on himself to fire

C) before the road turns off to the right

C) Several people are thinking of declining

E) that the accident occurred

D) Several nations boycotted the games

____ , there was something un-English about

B) If that were really a translation

____ , although they didnt have any really

Once we get through with the background

C) However difficult it is to read

A) the weather is still not suitable for on-site

D) Before he has time to develop a style of

B) we still havent had any opportunity to get

E) Once he has established his reputation

C) the course will start to get much more

Cant you remember even approximately

E) as hardly surprising that were progressing

A) that had been changed

D) how many people we are expecting

A) Never before had he faced failure

E) what sort of an excuse had been made

____ even though he hasnt got enough

B) Thats the city of it all

In the latter half of the century, political

D) The scheme was hardly likely to succeed

A) that it was not to be expected

E) He seems determined to go ahead with

B) more than they ever had done before

ICON YABANCI DL AKADEMS

However far-fetched the story may seem,

12. Do not attempt to cut down or prune large

A) people say that truth is stranger than

A) just as branches that appeared healthy

B) newspaper headlines are, after all, far

B) unless you are absolutely confident that

C) we can assume that there is a basis of

C) by making sure that your neighbours were

D) we have always known she loves to

D) if the weather conditions had not been

E) it really doesnt matter if some details are

E) in case the manager rejected the findings

13. Unless we get a lot of rain soon, ____

Even the chief engineer was impressed at the

A) the price of fruit this year has been very

A) until more problems have appeared

B) a great deal of land is still under water

B) that the project will be finished on time

C) the rainy season came late this year

C) whether the workers were prepared to go

D) they have already put away their winter

D) although some of the members had been

E) the harvest this year will be a poor one

E) with which the team worked

A) Several companies are considering

C) that all my misgivings vanished

C) Everyone was genuinely concerned about

D) when it is obvious that the patient has

D) The minister had been under attack for