Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INDEX
SR.NO.
CONTENTS
PAGE NO.
Chapter 1
Introduction
Chapter 2
Literature Review
2.1. Process For Production Of Nitrobenzene
2.2. Selection Of Process
2.3. Manufacturing Process Of Nitrobenzene
2.4. Chemical And Physical Properties
3
Chapter 3
15
Thermodynamic Feasibility
3.1. Reaction Data For Formation Nitrobenzene
3.2. Calculations
Chapter 4
23
29
Chapter 6
49
Result summary
6.1 Material Balance Over Reactor
6.2 Material Balance Over Decanter
6.3 Material Balance Over Distillation Column
6.4 Overall Material Balance
7
Chapter 7
53
Conclusion
Chapter 8
55
References
APPENDIX A
58
FAMT ,Ratnagiri
Page 1
FIGURE INDEX
FIGURE
FIGURE NAME
PAGE NO.
NO.
1
11
27
28
5.1 Flowsheeting
34
35
36
37
5.5 Mixer
38
5.6 Reactor
39
10
40
11
5.8 Decanter
41
12
5.9 Distillation
42
13
43
14
44
15
45
16
46
17
47
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TABLE INDEX
TABLE NO.
TABLE NAME
PAGE NO
11
12
13
14
16
16
17
48
50
10
50
11
51
12
52
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CHAPTER-I
INTRODUCTION
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INTRODUCTION
Nitrobenzene (some time called the oil of Mira-bane) C6H5NO2 is pale yellow liquid
with an odour that resembles bitter almonds, Depending upon the compounds purity. Its
colour various from pale yellow to yellowish brown liquid boiling at 483 K (101 KPa) and
freezing at 287.7 K as bright yellow crystals. It is quite toxic to human system.
Nitrobenzene was first synthesized in 1834 by treating benzene with fuming nitric
acid. And it was first produced commercially in England in 1856. The electives ease of
aromatic nitration has contributed significantly to the large and varied industrial application
of nitrobenzene, other aromatic nitro- compounds and their derivatives
A continues process for the production for the production has been developed by
M/S.Biazzi of Switzerland. The advantages of this process are lower concentration of mixed
said used and higher reaction rate. The reactants are kept mixed under high speed agitation
(600 rpm) and cooling due to control feed rate and rapid agitation. The reaction time is about
15 20 minutes, where the yield is higher than 99% of theoretical
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.[4][5]
Page 5
CHAPTER-II
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Process For Production Of Nitrobenzene
2.2. Selection Of Process
2.3. Manufacturing Process Of Nitrobenzene
2.4. Chemical And Physical Properties
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LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF NITROBENZENE
Nitrobenzene is manufactured by nitration of benzene using mixture of Nitric and sulphuric
acid.
Nitration can be done by two processes. Via.
[1]
Batch Process.
[2]
Continuous process.
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[4][5]
Page 7
[4][5]
[2]
Safety
[3]
Labour Usage.
Page 8
small size of continuous process equipment, it is often possible and excessively high in cost
for batch scale equipment. Thus for example Corrosion resistance alloys such as appropriate
S.S. may be detected for a batch plant because of cost. In case of S.S. corrosion problems are
completely eliminated.
2.2.2 SAFETY
Because of relatively small size of continuous process equipment, there is less
material in process at any time than at certain in a comparable batch process. At the
completion of batch process nitration and during its normal separation of product from spent
nitrating acid, the entire batch of an often hazardous compound will be present in the
equipment.
In the continuous process, only as much material need be present in hazardous
conditions as needed to again sufficient reaction of process time. In case of high explosive
made by nitration, this process has inherent safety factor is very attractive
[3].
process on average. It is often possible to handle operations at one place that efficiency tends
to disappear as the scale of operations increases.
Page 9
provided with agitator, external jacket and internal coils. Since two phases ate formed in
reaction mixture and reactant ate distributed between them. Rate of nitration is controlled by
transfer between the phases as well as by chemical kinetics.
Benzene used is of commercial quality. Mixed acid contain of 56 60 wt % H2SO4, 20 26
wt% nitric acid and 15 18% water. Sulphuric acid used is of 94% - 98% concentration and
nitric acid commercial grade of 55% - 60% concentration.
Benzene is charged to the nitrator. Mixed acid is slowly added on surface of benzene from
dosing tank with stirring. The ratio of mixed acid to benzene is kept around 2.5 : 1.0. The
temperature mass is maintain initially at 25 30C. So by high speed agitator and proper
cooling coils reaction temperature can maintained upto 50 55C. By obvious agitation, the
interfacial area, of the reaction mixture is maintained as high as possible, thereby enhancing
the mass transfer of reactants and cooling coils, which control the temperature of highly
.[4]
exothermic reaction
A slight excess of benzene usually is fed into the nitrator of ensure that the nitric acid in
mixed acid is formation of denitrobenzene. Reaction time is only 15 20 minutes because of
rapid and efficient agitation.
Nitrobenzene and spent acid are removed from the side reactor and send to decanter unit.
Organic and aqueous layers are formed, where two layers are separate in 10 to 20 minutes.
The aqueous phase or spent acid is drawn from the bottom and is concentrated in a sulphuric
acid is drawn from the bottom and is concentrated in a sulphuric acid reconcentration step or
is recycled to the nitrator, where it is mixed nitric acid and sulphuric acid immediately prior
to being fed into nitrator.
The crude Nitrobenzene can used directly for production of aniline if required, otherwise the
crude nitrobenzene flows through a series of washer separators, where residual acid is
removed by washing with a dilute sodium carbonate solution followed by final washing with
water.The product is then distilled to remove benzene and the nitrobenzene can be refined by
vacuum distillation. Theoretical yields are 96 99 %. The nitration process is unavoidably
associated with the disposal of waste water from washing step. This water principally
contains Nitrobenzene, some sodium carbonate and inorganic salts from the neutralized spent
FAMT ,Ratnagiri
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acid which was present in the product. Generally, the waste water is extracted with benzene
to remove the nitrobenzene and the benzene that is dissolved in the water is stripped from
water prior to the final waste treatment.
[6]
[7]
VALUE
Molecular Weight
78.11
Melting Point, C
5-533
Boiling Point, C
80.1
Density, Kg/cum
873.7
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Refractive index
1.49792
0.6468
Flash point, C
-11.1
9.847
Table No-2.1 Properties Of Benzene
CHEMICAL PROPERTY
[14][15][16]
REACTION WITH WATER:Water and benzene are non-reactive unless high and pressure are applied.
PROPERTY
VALUE
Molecular Weight
98.08
Boiling Point, c
330.0
1.834
Flash Point
None
1.0
TLV, mg/cum.
1.0
Freezing Point, C
10.48
Table No-2.2 Propetries Of Suphuric Acid
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CHEMICAL PROPERTY
[14][15][16]
REACTION WITH WATER:Has great affinity for water, absorbs atmospheric moisture and absorbs water from organic
material causing charring. Sulphuric Acid reacts with water vigorously liberating large
amount of heat.
REACTION WITH METAL AND OTHER ELEMENTS:When cold, it reacts with metal including platinum when not, reactivity is intensified.
Sulphuric acid on reaction with metals causes liberations of flammable hydrogen.
Cu + H2SO4
CuSO4 + H2
Zn + H2SO4
ZnSO4 + H2
VALUE
Molecular Weight
63.02
Boiling Point
86.0
Melting point C
-42.0
Density, at 20C,gm/cc
1.502
Flash point
None
Solubility in water
Soluble in water
TLV, mg/cum.
2-5
Freezing point, C
10.48
Table No. 2.3 Properties Of Nitric Acid
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CHEMICAL PROPERTIES :REACTION WITH WATER :Nitric Acid reacts with water to produce heat, toxic and corrosive fumes.
REACTION WITH METALS AND OTHER ELEMENTS :Nitric acid is corrosive to most of metals like zinc to form nitrate with evolution of hydrogen.
Cu + 2HNO3 Cu (NO3)2 + H2
Zn + 2HNO3 Zn (NO3)2 + H2
VALUE
Molecular Weight
123.0
Boiling Point, C
201.9
Melting point, C
5.85
1.344
Flash point
88.0
482.0
Vapour density
4.1
Table No. 2.4 Properties Of Nitrobenzene
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CHAPTER III
THERMODYNAMIC FEASIBILITY
3.1. Reaction Data For Formation Nitrobenzene
3.2. Calculations
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THERMODYNAMIC FEASIBILITY
3.1 REACTION DATA FOR FORMATION NITROBENZENE[7]
REACTION:C6H6
HNO3
<===============>
C6 H5 NO2 +
H2 O
( kcal/gmole)
Benzene (liquid)
11.71
Nitrobenzen (liquid)
13.76
-41-61
Water (liquid)
-68.315
Table No. 2.5 Enthalpy Data At Standard State
ENTHROPY
kJ/(kmol.K)
Benzene (liquid)
172.915
Nitrobenzene (Liquid)
364.61
110.113
Water (liquid)
69.92
Table No. 2.6 Entropy Data At Standard State
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SPECIFIC HEAT AT 25 C
kJ/(kmol.K)
Benzene (liquid)
91.73
Nitrobenzene (liquid)
185.361
111.113
Water (liquid)
75.362
Table No. 2.7 Specific Heat Data At Standard State
3.2 CALCULATIONS[11]
From heat of formation data:
HR = HPRODUCTS - HREACTANTS
= ( HNB + HWATER ) - ( HBENZENE + HNITRIC ACID )
= ( 13.76 68.315 )
- (11.71 41.61)
HR = -24.655 kcal/gmmole
HR = -103157 kJ/(kmol)
Page 17
57.88 kJ/(kmol.K)
= SPRODUCTS - SREACTANTS
= ( SNB + SWATER ) - ( SBENZENE + SNITRIC ACID )
= ( 364.61 + 69.92 ) - ( 172.91 + 110.113 )
= 151.507 kJ/(kmol.K)
Page 18
S= S - CplnT
= 157.507 - 57.88 In (298)
= -178.24 kJ/(kmol.K)
Therefore, S at 323 K,
S = -178.507 + 57.88 In (323)
= 156.17 kJ/(kmol.K)
Page 19
= 0
Kp =
P0
Kp =
= Kx
25%
Nitric acid
58%
Sulphuric acid
17%
Water
3.97 kmole
Water 170kg
9.44 kmole
5.92 kmole
----------------------------
Total moles
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19.33 kmole
Page 20
Mole % of
Nitric acid
20.5 %
Water
48.8 %
Sulphuric acid
30.7 %
1---------------------------->
400kg <-------------------------------
2.5
1000kg
Moles of benzene
5.128 -------------------->
19.314
Moles of benzene
---------------->
3.766 moles of
Moles of acid
3.766
0.205
= 0.772 moles
Reaction of nitrobenzene
C6H6
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HNO3
C6 H5 NO2 +
H2 O
Page 21
Initially
0.772
Reacted
At. equilibrium
Kx
(1-X)
(0.772-X)
X2
----------------------(1 - X) (0.772 - X)
X2
1.18 1025 =
---------------------------------------
X2 - 1.73 X + 0.73
X2 - 1.772 X + 0.772
X
0.772
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CHAPTER IV
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[10]
Page 24
q line is st.line
Xd / Rm+1 = 0.05
Rm+1 = 1/0.05
Rm+1 = 20
Rm = 19
R = 1.2 Rm
R = 22.8 23
Xd = 1 = 0.042
Rm+1= 23+1 =24
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Diameter :
Vap rate = v = D(R+1)
= 0.0087(23+1)
n = 0.21 kmole/hr
Top Column :
Vol.rate = nRT/P
= 0.218.314103(82+273)/ 1.01325105 = 6.1170 m3/hr
Vol rate = 1.710-3 m3/sec
Velocity = 1 m/sec
Area = Vol rate / Velocity
= 1.710-3 /1 = 1.710-3 m2
Area = D2 /4
D2 = 4A /
D = 0.047 m
Bottom column:
Vol.rate = nRT/P
= 0.218.314103(210+273)/ 1.01325105 = 8.32 m3/hr
Area = Vol .rate / Velocity
Velocity = 1 m/sec
Area = 2.3110-3 m2
2
A=D /4
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Page 26
D2 = 4A /
D = 0.054 m
Both diameters are approximately same ,
we choose the larger diameter (i.e) bottom diameter
Bottom diameter D= 0.054 m
DESIGN SUMMARY
Ideal plate = 16.00
Actual Plates = 26.66
Column Height = 12.45 m
Column Diameter = 0.054 m
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CHAPTER V
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identifies all feed streams, unit operations, streams that inter-connect the unit Operations and
finally the product streams. Operating conditions and other technical Details are included
depending on the detail level of the flowsheet. The level can vary from a rough sketch to a
very detailed design specification of a complex plant. For steady-state operation, any process
flowsheet leads to a finite set of algebraic equations. For a case where we have only one
reactor with appropriate feed and Product streams the number of equations may be
manageable by manual hand calculations or simple computer applications. However, as the
complexity of a flowsheet Increases and when distillation columns, heat exchangers,
absorbers with many purge and recycle streams come into the picture the number of
equations easily approach many ten thousands. In these cases, solving the set of algebraic
equations becomes a Challenge in it. However, there are computer applications called
process flowsheet simulators specialized in solving these kinds of large equation sets. Some
well-known process flowsheet simulators are Aspen Plus, ChemCad and PRO/II.These
products have highly refined user interfaces and on-line component databases. They are used
in real world applications from interpreting laboratory scale data to monitoring a full scale
plant.
Page 30
Finally, in the production stage they can be used for risk-free analysis of various what-if
scenarios
[8]
5.1.4 History
In 1970s the researchers at MITs Energy Laboratory developed a prototype
forProcess simulation. They called it Advanced System for Process Engineering
(ASPEN).This software has been commercialized in 1980s by the foundation of a
companyNamed AspenTech. AspenTech is now a publicly traded company that employs
1800People worldwide and offers a complete
integrated solution to
chemical
has a
physicalParameters. During the calculation of the flow sheet any missing parameter can
beestimated automatically by various group contribution methods.In this workshop we will
only scratch the surface of this tool. We will discuss itsAdvantages and disadvantages. Our
focus will be on reactors and our goal is to provideyou with a smooth and simple introduction
FAMT ,Ratnagiri
Page 31
to Aspen Plus. Lets start our workshop bylearning how to access Aspen Plus at the
University of Michigan.
Page 32
With
Aspen
Plus
you
can
interactively
change
specifications,
such
as
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Page 33
Fig No 5.1-Flowsheeting
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Page 35
3] We input our components that takes part in process operation,all conventional types
It involves nitrobenzene,benzene,water,sulphuric acid,nitric acid.
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4] This is the step where you put property method.From our investigation in aspen running
plant we know that NRTL is the best property method applied where large water usage in
operation or process.
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Page 37
5] Then we come at Block of Mixer where we fed H2SO4, H2O, HNO3 in desired proportion
to make Mixed acid.In mixer we operate at normal temperature & pressure.
Fig No 5.5-Mixer
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Page 38
6] Next to we selected stoichiometric reactor since we know only the extent of reaction &
stoichiometric reaction coefficients operating at 50 C
Fig No 5.6-Reactor
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8] Moving on to decanter we fed extra water to this unit in order to remove sulphuric acid
effectively.we select nitrobenzene is our key component
Fig No 5.8-Decanter
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9] Distillation column is where we obtained our desired product in Bottom stream from data
we find out optimum feed ratio
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Page 43
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12] Second block is stoichiometric reactor where we provide benzene with mixed acid in
1:2.5 proportion.Crude nitrobenzene is obtained .
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14] Last stream result over a distillation column in the bottom stream we get our final
product
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Page 47
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CHAPTERVI
RESULT SUMMARY
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Page 49
RESULT SUMMARY
6.1 MATERIAL BALANCE OVER REACTOR
SR.
NO
COMPONENTS
INPUT
(kg/hr)
OUTPUT
(kg/hr)
BENZENE
400
91.07
NITROBENZENE
486.2
WATER
241.84
1000
NITRIC ACID
SULPHURIC ACID
0.89
580
TOTAL
1400
1400
COMPONENTS
BENZENE
OUTPUT
(kg/hr)
SPENT ACID
STREAM
ORGANIC PHASE
91.07
2.09
88.98
NITROBENZENE 486.2
9.88
476.32
WATER
241.84+2000
2241.43
0.41
NITRIC ACID
0.89
0.89
SULPHURIC
ACID
580
553.51
26.49
3400
3400
TOTAL
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INPUT
(kg/hr)
SR. COMPONENTS
NO
OUTPUT
(kg/hr)
TOP PRODUCT
BOTTOM PRODUCT
BENZENE
88.98
78.6
10.38
NITROBENZENE
476.32
476.32
WATER
0.41
0.41
NITRIC ACID
SULPHURIC ACID
26.49
26.49
592.2
592.2
TOTAL
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SR.
COMPONENTS
INPUT
OUTPUT
(kg/hr)
(kg/hr)
TOTAL
NO
SPENT
TOP PDT
BOTTOM
ACID
STREAM
PDT
STREAM
STREAM
BENZENE
400
2.09
78.6
10.38
NITRIC ACID
250
0.89
SULPHURIC
580
553.51
26.49
ACID
4
WATER
170 + 2000
2241.43
0.41
NITROBENZENE
9.88
476.32
TOTAL(kg/hr)
3400
3400
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CHAPTER VII
CONCLUSION
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CONCLUSION
It is very important for any process to kow that parameters like composition, streams,
temperature, pressure etc may affect the production rate.One must have perform pilot plant in
order to know this, so each time we need manual calculation to get desired results,this is so
time consuming. So the use of simulaters like ASPEN, CHEMCAD are helpful.Simulation &
modeling useful in doing risk analysis in production process.
In our project we simulate continuous process for nitrobenzene production using
benzene nitration.In that we know about how actually parameters mention above may affect
each stream.For example we first added calculated amount of extra water to decanter,but
from that action we know that how much extent it affect the each stream,so we are finaly able
to find the optimum amount of water required for operation.
Generally it is difficult to obtain desired result manually that is why we simulate it
using ASPEN PLUS .And we searching new techniques as possible in order to get the
optimum production. Also we can check where is the opportunity to increase the conversion
& reduce the losses as well as maintenance cost.
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Page 54
CHAPTER VIII
REFERENCES
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Page 55
REFERENCES
Books,
[1]B.I. Bhatt & S.M. Vora. Stoichiometry, Tata Mcgraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.
[2]Dryden C. E., Drydens Outline Of Chemical Technology. East West Press Pvt.
Ltd;(536)
[3]G. D. Muir, Hazardous In Chemical Laboratory The Chemical Society, London.
[4]Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia Of Chemical Technology.Vol. 15. Wiley
Intenscience Publications, 1979.(138-139)
[5]P.H.Groggins .Unit Process In Porganic Synthesis. Mcgraw Hill International
Book Co.
[6]R.Norris Shreve & Joseph A. Brink Jr.Chemical Process Industries.Mcgraw Hill
International Publications.(776-778)
[7]Robert H. Perry Perrys Chemical Engineering Handbook.Mcgraw Hill
International Publications.(642-644)
[8]Amiya K. Jana. Process Simulation And Controle Using Aspen.PHI Learning Private
Limited ,Second Edition ,2012
[9]Bhattacharya A., Purohit V. C., Suarez, V.; Tichkule, R; Parmer, G.; Rinaldi, F.
(2006). "One-step reductive amidation of nitro arenes: application in the synthesis of
Acetaminophen" Volume 47, Issue 11, 13 March 2006, Pages (18611864)
[10]M.V.Joshi,Mahajani, Joshi's Process Equipment Design, Macmillan, 2009
[11]K.A.Gavane,Chemical Reaction Engineering-I,Nirali Publication,2012, Chapter 6
(6.1-6.15)
Journal Papers,
[12]R. D. BIGGS and R. R. WHITE Rate of Nitration of Benzene with Mixed Acid
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 2000
[13]J. Chil. Chem. Soc. vol.57 no.2 Concepcin 2012, pgs: 1194-1198.
FAMT ,Ratnagiri
Page 56
[14]V. Dubois, G. James, J.L. Dallons, A. Van Geysel, In Catalysis of Organic Reactions,
M. Ford, Ed; Marcel Dekker, New York, 1994, Vol.82, p. 1.
[15]Laali, Kenneth K., and Volkar J. Gettwert. Electrophilic Nitration of Aromatics in
Ionic Liquid Solvents. The Journal of Organic Chemistry 66 (Dec. 2000): 35-40.
American Chemical Society.
[16]Sauls, Thomas W., Walter H. Rueggeberg, and Samuel L. Norwood. On the
Mechanism of Sulfonation of the Aromatic Nucleus and Sulfone Formation. The
Journal of Organic Chemistry 66 (1955): 455-465. American Chemical Society.
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APPENDIX A
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SIMULATION REPORT
VER: 10.2.1
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MANUFCTURING OF NITROBENZENE
RUN CONTROL SECTION
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= 256
apmain
C:\PROGRA~2\ASPENT~1\ASPENP~1.2\Engine\xeq
VER: 10.2.1
04/28/2014 PAGE 2
MANUFCTURING OF NITROBENZENE
INPUT SECTION
INPUT FILE(S)
-------------
;
;Input Summary created by Aspen Plus Rel. 10.2.1 at 19:39:35 Sun Apr 27, 2014
;Directory G:\Aspen new\aspen save Filename _0812ogh.dan
;
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IN-UNITS SI
SIM-OPTIONS
IN-UNITS ENG
SIM-OPTIONS NPHASE=1 PHASE=L ATM-PRES=101325. <N/sqm>
COMPONENTS
C6H5NO2 C6H5NO2 /
H2SO4 H2SO4 /
H2O H2O /
HNO3 HNO3 /
C6H6 C6H6
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FLOWSHEET NBMFG
BLOCK RSTO IN=C6H6 MIXACID OUT=CNB
BLOCK DECANTER IN=CNB OUT=SPA ORGANIC
BLOCK DIST IN=ORGANIC OUT=TOP BOTTOM
BLOCK MIXER IN=HNO3 H2O H2SO4 OUT=MIXACID
PROPERTIES NRTL
PROP-DATA NRTL-1
IN-UNITS SI
PROP-LIST NRTL
BPVAL C6H5NO2 H2O -5.154900000 2270.617200 .2000000000 0.0 &
0.0 0.0 273.1500000 379.7500000
BPVAL H2O C6H5NO2 5.854700000 229.4967000 .2000000000 0.0 &
0.0 0.0 273.1500000 379.7500000
BPVAL C6H5NO2 C6H6 -.8730000000 630.1689000 .3000000000 0.0 &
0.0 0.0 343.1500000 484.1500000
BPVAL C6H6 C6H5NO2 -1.289300000 98.83280000 .3000000000 0.0 &
0.0 0.0 343.1500000 484.1500000
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VER: 10.2.1
04/28/2014 PAGE 3
MANUFCTURING OF NITROBENZENE
INPUT SECTION
STREAM C6H6
SUBSTREAM MIXED TEMP=298. PRES=101325. MASS-FLOW=400. <kg/hr>
MASS-FRAC C6H6 1.
STREAM H2O
SUBSTREAM MIXED TEMP=298. PRES=101325. MASS-FLOW=170. <kg/hr>
MASS-FRAC H2O 1.
STREAM H2SO4
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STREAM HNO3
SUBSTREAM MIXED TEMP=298. PRES=101325. MASS-FLOW=250. <kg/hr>
MASS-FRAC HNO3 0.6
;
;Input file created by Aspen Plus Rel. 10.2.1 at 00:20:55 Mon Apr 28, 2014
;Directory G:\Aspen new\aspen save Runid simu1
;
Page 64
PBOT=101325. D:F=0.205
REPORT INPUT
;
;
;
;
;
;
;Input file created by Aspen Plus Rel. 10.2.1 at 00:16:43 Mon Apr 28, 2014
;Directory G:\Aspen new\aspen save Runid simu1
;
VER: 10.2.1
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MANUFCTURING OF NITROBENZENE
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INPUT SECTION
STREAM EXH2O
SUBSTREAM MIXED TEMP=298. PRES=101325. MOLE-FLOW=0.0309
MOLE-FRAC H2O 1.
;
;Input file created by Aspen Plus Rel. 10.2.1 at 00:05:56 Mon Apr 28, 2014
;Directory G:\Aspen new\aspen save Runid SIMU1
;
FLOWSHEET NBMFG
BLOCK RSTO IN=C6H6 MIXACID OUT=CNB
BLOCK DECANTER IN=CNB EXH2O OUT=SPA ORGANIC
BLOCK DIST IN=ORGANIC OUT=TOP BOTTOM
BLOCK MIXER IN=HNO3 H2O H2SO4 OUT=MIXACID
;
;Input file created by Aspen Plus Rel. 10.2.1 at 00:26:14 Mon Apr 28, 2014
;Directory G:\Aspen new\aspen save Runid simu1
FAMT ,Ratnagiri
Page 66
FLOWSHEET NBMFG
BLOCK RSTO IN=C6H6 MIXACID OUT=CNB
BLOCK DECANTER IN=CNB EXH2O OUT=SPA ORGANIC
BLOCK DIST IN=2 OUT=TOP BOTTOM
BLOCK MIXER IN=HNO3 H2O H2SO4 OUT=MIXACID
BLOCK B1 IN=ORGANIC OUT=2
ASPEN PLUS PLAT: WIN32
VER: 10.2.1
04/28/2014 PAGE 5
MANUFCTURING OF NITROBENZENE
FLOWSHEET SECTION
STREAM
SOURCE
DEST
STREAM
EXH2O
----
DECANTER
H2SO4
----
MIXER
H2O
----
HNO3
----
MIXER
CNB
RSTO
SPA
DECANTER ----
FAMT ,Ratnagiri
C6H6
ORGANIC
SOURCE
----
DEST
RSTO
MIXER
DECANTER
DECANTER DIST
Page 67
TOP
DIST
MIXACID
----
MIXER
BOTTOM
DIST
----
RSTO
BLOCK
RSTO
INLETS
C6H6 MIXACID
DECANTER
DIST
MIXER
OUTLETS
CNB
CNB EXH2O
ORGANIC
SPA ORGANIC
TOP BOTTOM
MIXACID
COMPUTATIONAL SEQUENCE
----------------------
Page 68
IN
OUT
CONVENTIONAL COMPONENTS
(KMOL/SEC)
C6H5NO2
H2SO4
H2O
HNO3
C6H6
TOTAL BALANCE
MOLE(KMOL/SEC)
MASS(KG/SEC )
0.945561
ENTHALPY(WATT
) -0.110013E+08 -0.111195E+08
0.945561
VER: 10.2.1
-0.482081E-07
0.106313E-01
04/28/2014 PAGE 6
MANUFCTURING OF NITROBENZENE
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES SECTION
COMPONENTS
----------
ID
TYPE FORMULA
C6H5NO2 C
H2SO4 C
FAMT ,Ratnagiri
C6H5NO2
H2SO4
NAME OR ALIAS
C6H5NO2
H2SO4
REPORT NAME
C6H5NO2
H2SO4
Page 69
H2O
H2O
H2O
HNO3
HNO3
C6H6
C6H6
H2O
HNO3
HNO3
C6H6
C6H6
VER: 10.2.1
04/28/2014 PAGE 7
MANUFCTURING OF NITROBENZENE
U-O-S BLOCK SECTION
CNB
EXH2O
OUT
RELATIVE DIFF.
TOTAL BALANCE
MOLE(KMOL/SEC)
MASS(KG/SEC )
ENTHALPY(WATT
FAMT ,Ratnagiri
0.945561
)
0.945561
-0.482081E-07
SPECIFIED PRESSURE
298.000
N/SQM
101,325.
0.10000E-03
30
EQUILIBRIUM METHOD
EQUATION-SOLVING
KLL BASIS
MOLE
KEY COMPONENT(S):
C6H5NO2
OUTLET TEMPERATURE
OUTLET PRESSURE
N/SQM
WATT
FAMT ,Ratnagiri
298.00
0.10132E+06
-21917.
0.96043
Page 71
C6H5NO2
0.029137
H2SO4
H2O
X1
0.00061841 0.72129
0.043585
0.91857
X2
0.043344
0.95573
0.049433
0.016631
1,166.36
1.14047
0.017401
HNO3
C6H6
0.0086051
0.00020300 0.21253
VER: 10.2.1
1.14047
1,046.96
04/28/2014 PAGE 8
MANUFCTURING OF NITROBENZENE
U-O-S BLOCK SECTION
BLOCK: DIST
MODEL: DISTL
----------------------------INLET STREAM:
ORGANIC
CONDENSER OUTLET:
REBOILER OUTLET:
TOP
BOTTOM
OUT
RELATIVE DIFF.
TOTAL BALANCE
FAMT ,Ratnagiri
Page 72
MOLE(KMOL/SEC)
MASS(KG/SEC )
ENTHALPY(WATT
0.164883
)
0.164883
-34983.6
0.338098E-08
8548.66
-1.24436
26
16
REFLUX RATIO
0.45000
101,325.
101,325.
0.20500
-0.31849
365.058
324.418
)
478.860
14,284.2
-14,284.2
57,816.5
57,816.5
Page 73
BLOCK: MIXER
MODEL: MIXER
----------------------------INLET STREAMS:
HNO3
OUTLET STREAM:
H2O
H2SO4
MIXACID
VER: 10.2.1
04/28/2014 PAGE 9
MANUFCTURING OF NITROBENZENE
U-O-S BLOCK SECTION
BLOCK: MIXER
OUT
RELATIVE DIFF.
TOTAL BALANCE
MOLE(KMOL/SEC)
MASS(KG/SEC )
ENTHALPY(WATT
0.277778
)
0.277778
-0.199840E-15
PHASE
FAMT ,Ratnagiri
30
CONVERGENCE TOLERANCE
0.00010000
BLOCK: RSTO
101,325.
MODEL: RSTOIC
-----------------------------INLET STREAMS:
C6H6
OUTLET STREAM:
CNB
MIXACID
OUT
TOTAL BALANCE
MOLE(KMOL/SEC)
MASS(KG/SEC )
0.388889
0.388889
ENTHALPY(WATT
) -0.217334E+07 -0.231317E+07
0.000000E+00
0.604497E-01
SIMULTANEOUS REACTIONS
STOICHIOMETRY MATRIX:
FAMT ,Ratnagiri
Page 75
REACTION # 1:
SUBSTREAM MIXED :
C6H5NO2
1.00 H2O
1.00 HNO3
-1.00 C6H6
-1.00
REACTION # 1:
SUBSTREAM:MIXED
KEY COMP:C6H6
VER: 10.2.1
04/28/2014 PAGE 10
MANUFCTURING OF NITROBENZENE
U-O-S BLOCK SECTION
BLOCK: RSTO
ONE
SPECIFIED TEMPERATURE K
SPECIFIED PRESSURE
N/SQM
323.000
101,325.
30
0.00010000
Page 76
323.00
N/SQM
WATT
0.10132E+06
-0.13983E+06
REACTION EXTENTS:
REACTION
REACTION
NUMBER
EXTENT
KMOL/SEC
0.10981E-02
VER: 10.2.1
04/28/2014 PAGE 11
MANUFCTURING OF NITROBENZENE
STREAM SECTION
Page 77
STREAM ID
BOTTOM
FROM :
DIST
TO :
----
C6H6
----
CNB
RSTO
RSTO
EXH2O
----
H2O
----
SUBSTREAM: MIXED
PHASE:
LIQUID
LIQUID
LIQUID
LIQUID
LIQUID
COMPONENTS: KMOL/SEC
C6H5NO2
1.0757-03
H2SO4
H2O
7.3724-05
3.1510-18
0.0
1.0981-03
0.0
0.0
1.6427-03
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
HNO3
1.9992-11
0.0
3.9522-06
C6H6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
TOTAL FLOW:
KMOL/SEC
KG/SEC
0.1424
CUM/SEC
0.1111
0.3888
0.5566 4.7222-02
STATE VARIABLES:
TEMP K
PRES N/SQM
VFRAC
0.0
LFRAC
1.0000
FAMT ,Ratnagiri
0.0
0.0
1.0000
0.0
1.0000
0.0
1.0000
1.0000
Page 78
SFRAC
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
ENTHALPY:
J/KMOL
J/KG
WATT
ENTROPY:
J/KMOL-K
J/KG-K
DENSITY:
KMOL/CUM
KG/CUM
55.1564 55.1564
AVG MW
18.0152 18.0152
VER: 10.2.1
04/28/2014 PAGE 12
MANUFCTURING OF NITROBENZENE
STREAM SECTION
STREAM ID
FAMT ,Ratnagiri
H2SO4
HNO3
MIXACID
ORGANIC
SPA
Page 79
FROM :
TO :
----
----
MIXER
MIXER
MIXER
DECANTER DECANTER
RSTO
DIST
----
SUBSTREAM: MIXED
PHASE:
LIQUID
LIQUID
LIQUID
LIQUID
LIQUID
COMPONENTS: KMOL/SEC
C6H5NO2
0.0
0.0
H2SO4
1.6427-03
H2O
0.0
0.0
0.0
HNO3
0.0
C6H6
0.0
0.0
1.0757-03 2.2385-05
0.0
3.1697-04 7.3479-06
TOTAL FLOW:
KMOL/SEC
KG/SEC
0.1611 6.9444-02
CUM/SEC
0.2777
0.1648
0.7806
STATE VARIABLES:
TEMP K
PRES N/SQM
VFRAC
0.0
LFRAC
1.0000
SFRAC
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0000
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0000
0.0
0.0
1.0000
1.0000
0.0
ENTHALPY:
FAMT ,Ratnagiri
Page 80
J/KMOL
J/KG
WATT
ENTROPY:
J/KMOL-K
J/KG-K
DENSITY:
KMOL/CUM
KG/CUM
10.4047 48.2138
AVG MW
98.0794 63.0128
VER: 10.2.1
04/28/2014 PAGE 13
MANUFCTURING OF NITROBENZENE
STREAM SECTION
TOP
---
STREAM ID
FROM :
TO :
TOP
DIST
----
SUBSTREAM: MIXED
FAMT ,Ratnagiri
Page 81
PHASE:
LIQUID
COMPONENTS: KMOL/SEC
C6H5NO2
0.0
H2SO4
H2O
0.0
2.4803-05
HNO3
1.7736-07
C6H6
2.8076-04
TOTAL FLOW:
KMOL/SEC
3.0574-04
KG/SEC
2.2389-02
CUM/SEC
2.6121-05
STATE VARIABLES:
TEMP K
324.4181
PRES N/SQM
1.0133+05
VFRAC
0.0
LFRAC
1.0000
SFRAC
0.0
ENTHALPY:
J/KMOL
J/KG
WATT
2.6883+07
3.6711+05
8219.1914
ENTROPY:
FAMT ,Ratnagiri
Page 82
J/KMOL-K
-2.3016+05
J/KG-K
-3142.9623
DENSITY:
KMOL/CUM
11.7048
KG/CUM
857.1411
AVG MW
73.2293
VER: 10.2.1
04/28/2014 PAGE 14
MANUFCTURING OF NITROBENZENE
PROBLEM STATUS SECTION
BLOCK STATUS
-----------***************************************************************************
*
*
*
*
*
*
***********************************************************
FAMT ,Ratnagiri
Page 83