AHS Forum 59

STOVL Session
8 May 2003

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

Italian V/STOL Concepts

of the Twentieth Century

Thomas Mller
Salzmann Buchhandlung
Waltershausen, Germany

Michael J. Hirschberg
CENTRA Technology, Inc.
Arlington, Virginia

International V/STOL Historical Society (IVHS)

www.vstol.org

Erasmo Piero
Lockheed Martin
Ft Worth, Texas

Overview

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

Background
Fiat
jet fighters
jet transports
compound helicopter

Aerfer
transports

SIAI-Marchetti
compound helicopter

Agusta
compound helicopters
tiltrotors

Summary
www.vstol.org

Background

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

International V/STOL Historical Society (IVHS) formed to

document and preserve V/STOL history
This paper is the sixth in an ongoing series that will form the basis
for the V/STOL Encyclopedia
Vol 1: German V/STOL Concepts
German V/STOL Fighters - AIAA/AHS/SAE IPLC, Nov 2000
German V/STOL Rotorcraft and Propellercraft - AHS Forum 57, May 2001
German V/STOL Transports - SAE WAC, Sep 2001

Vol 2: French & Italian V/STOL Concepts

French Low-Speed V/STOL Concepts - AHS Forum 58, June 2002
French High-Speed V/STOL Concepts - AIAA/AHS/SAE IPLC, Nov 2002
Italian V/STOL Concepts - AHS Forum 59, May 2003

Vol 3: UK V/STOL Concepts

Non-Harrier V/STOL Concepts at Hawker Kingston - SAE WAC, Sep 2003

Future volumes in the planning stages

Check the web site for briefs from all of these papers:
www.vstol.org

V/STOL Wheel of Mis-Fortune

www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

www.vstol.org

IVHS

www.vstol.org

IVHS

V/STOL History: 1950 - 2000

www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

1950

1955

Transcendental 1G V
DEC 54 TH
Same Propulsion
System for
Hover and Forward
Flight

1960

6 JUL 54
20 JUL 55

Bell XV-3
V 20 NOV 63
25 JUN 64

V 19 NOV 54

8 JAN 1957

V
T24 MAY 58
19 NOV 60V
H 1957
Hawker P.1127 Kestrel

2000
BA609

TH

24 JUL 77

Bell X-22A
JUN 67

1995

V 3 MAY 77
V 19 MAR 89
TH

14 SEP 89

Nord 500 Cadet

29 SEP 64

All flights tethered

MAY 65

V TH

LTV-Hiller-Ryan XC-142

VTH

T 21 SEP 61

Bell Boeing V-22

Canadair CL-84
DEC 65

29 MAY 81
AUG 66

H 7 JUL 61 TH 16 SEP 63
Yakovlev Yak-36
VT AUG 54
V 9 JAN 63
Lockheed
XFV-1
MAR 54 H
TH 2 NOV 54
5 MAY 59 V
Convair XFY-1
SNECMA C450 Coloptre
V 1 AUG 54 V 28 MAY 56
Ryan X-13
10 DEC 55 11 APR 57
H
T
Separate Power
V25 OCT 58
2 OCT 63
Short SC.1
Plant for Hover
12 FEB 65V H 24 JUL 65
T6 APR 6018 OCT 62
H 2 APR 57
28 NOV 66 Dassault Mirage III-V
V T18 MAR 63
TMAR 66
27 JAN 64
Dassault Mirage Balzac V
8 SEP 65
H 1 MAR 63

BAe / Boeing Harrier

Boeing X-32

VT 20 SEP 63

10 APR 63

Combined Power
Plant for Hover

EWR VJ 101 C

VTH
McDonnell XV-1

14 SEP 64
10 FEB 67

H T16 DEC 67
V
Lockheed XV-4B

H 31 AUG 63

Dornier Do 31
TH 26 OCT 72

22 NOV 67

11 FEB 54

VH

5 DEC 59
Tethered Flight

Vanguard 2C Omniplane

14 MAR 69

H V10 SEP 71
26 SEP 71
V T20 MAR 72

VFW VAK 191 B

Yakovlev Yak-38

15 JAN 71

6 NOV 57

Fairey Rotodyne

T10 APR 58
Augmented Power
Plant for Hover

1990

Bell Boeing V-22

TH

V 29 DEC 64
1966
HT11 JAN 65

H21 JAN 59
Ryan VZ-3
FEB 60
V 1959 Tethered Flights
Fairchild 224 VZ-5

17 FEB 57

1985

V 23 JUL 68

V Tethered Flight Robertson VTOL

Bell X-14

1980

MAR 66

T15 JUL 58

H 7 JAN 58 H 24 NOV 59
Hiller X-18

H 1955

Bell XV-15

25 AUG 65 Curtiss-Wright X-19

8 AUG 66
13 APR 57

1975

1970

18 DEC 58

VAUG 55
V MAR 60
Curtiss-Wright X-100
TH APR 60
VTH 25 FEB 58
Doak 16 VZ-4

Vertol 76 VZ-2
Bell 65 ATV

TH

25 OCT 56

1965

7 JUL 62

17 MAY 61

VTH 1960
Kamov Ka-22 Vintokryl
Piasecki 16H-1

V 24 MAY 63
10 JUN 64
T 8 NOV 63

V Tethered Trials

Lockheed XV-4A

H TNOV 64
APR 65
JUN 64V

H 9 MAR 87

5 OCT 91

29 DEC 89

V T 13 JUN 90

Yakovlev Yak-141

1978

Rockwell XFV-12A

25 MAY 64

OCT 66

1964

VTH

FEB 62
Helicopter Mode

21 SEP 67
Helicopter
Mode

GE-Ryan XV-5A

VTH

Lockheed X-35
12 MAR 69

Lockheed AH-56

www.vstol.org

The V/STOL Pyramid

IVHS

Italy

www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

Operational V/STOL Systems:

Harrier
Forger

Flight Test:

Large-Scale Testing:

Design Concepts /
Small-Scale Testing

www.vstol.org

Overview

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

Background
Fiat
jet fighters
jet transports
compound helicopter

Aerfer
transports

SIAI-Marchetti
compound helicopter

Agusta
compound helicopters
tiltrotors

Summary
www.vstol.org

IVHS

Fiat G.95 Overview

www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

Early 1960s, NATO countries studied V/STOL as means of

survival against Soviet nuclear attack
Two NATO requirements released for V/STOL strike aircraft:
NATO Basic Military Requirement (NBMR) 3 for a large Mach 1.5+
nuclear penetrator (1961)
Vertikalstartendes Aufklrungs- und Kampfflugzeug (Vertical Take-off and
Landing Reconnaissance and Strike Aircraft) or VAK 191, for a smaller,
Mach 1+ nuclear strike aircraft (1964)

Fiat was also studying a replacement of the G.91, then in service

with the Aeronautica Militare Italiana (AMI - Italian Air Force)
G.95 series V/STOL studies were started under the leadership of
Professor Giuseppe Gabrielli

www.vstol.org

Fiat G.91/G.95 Family Tree

www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

V/STOL concepts studied

IVHS

www.vstol.org

Fiat G.95/3

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

Lift + lift/cruise configuration

Two pairs of lift engines -- one pair forward and one pair aft of cg
Two lift/cruise engines with block & turn deflector nozzles at cg

www.vstol.org

10

Fiat G.95/6

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

Fiats proposal for the NATO NBMR.3 requirement

Lift + cruise configuration
six lift engines -- three forward and three aft of cg
two cruise engines (with remote augmentors)

Max speed = Mach 2

Larger fuel tanks in center fuselage for range
www.vstol.org

11

IVHS

Fiat G.95/4

www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

Scaled down version of G.95/6 to meet VAK 191 requirement

Lift + cruise configuration
4 lift engines and 2 cruise engines

Reconnaissance version had cameras in the nose, dubbed G.95/4A

www.vstol.org

12

Fiat G.95/4

www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

Designation:
Cruise Engines:
Cruise Thrust:
Lift Engines:
Lift Thrust:
Wingspan:
Length:
Height:
Surface area:
Empty weight:
VTOL weight:
Range
service ceiling
Vmax
Vcruise
Max speed (on the deck):
Max speed (at altitude):

IVHS

Fiat G.95/4
2 x R-R/MAN R.B.153
2 x 3,175 kg
2 x 7,000 lb
4 x R-R R.B. 162-31
4 x 2,495 kg
4 x 5,500 lb
6.62 m
21.7 ft
14.0 m
46 ft
4.6 m
15 ft
14 m
150 ft2
3,800 kg
8,378 lb
7,250 kg
16,000 lb
450 km
243 nm
10,000 m
33,000 ft
1,200 km/h
650 kt
920 km/h
500 nm
Mach 0.92
Mach 1.2-1.4

www.vstol.org

13

Fiat V/STOL Test Rig

www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

IVHS

Simulator for hover testing

2 RB.108 lift engines
Suspended and free flights
Support of G.95/4 and VAK 191B
www.vstol.org

14

VAK 191 Competition

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

1965 VAK competition for future NATO nuclear strike aircraft

Designs evaluated in VAK 191 competition:

British Hawker P.1127 Kestrel - VAK 191A

German VFW 1262 - VAK 191B
German EWR 340 (VJ 101D) - VAK 191C
Italian Fiat G.95/4 - VAK 191D

German VAK 191B selected as the winner

www.vstol.org

15

Fiat Involvement in VAK 191B

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

Wings at Turin

Tail and cockpit at Turin

Originally Italy had a

40% stake in the program
Fiat major subcontractor
Work split on 60-40 basis
between VFW and Fiat

Italy withdrew in 1967

Fiat remained a partner

Two-seat trainer planned

but cancelled in 1966

www.vstol.org

16

German-Italian VAK 191B

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

3 aircraft flown during flight test program from 1970-75

Change in NATO strategy (flexible response) refocused project as
experimental V/STOL technology demonstrator in 1966
Many V/STOL and other advanced aircraft technologies, such as
fly-by-wire (FBW) flight control systems, were successfully
demonstrated and incorporated on MRCA Tornado
www.vstol.org

17

Fiat (now Alenia) G.222

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

G.222 CTOL Transport

First flight 1971

Over 100 aircraft delivered
Still in production
Used by 12 air forces worldwide
USAF C-27 Spartan

Began as a V/STOL Transport

lift engines added to turboprop
nacelles for lift + cruise
1962 V/STOL Transport NBMR.4

G.222 series studies under

Professor Giuseppe Gabrielli
Begun in 1961
AMI contract awarded 1963
www.vstol.org

18

Fiat G.222 - 1963

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

40 troops, 24 stretchers or 3 trucks

Six RB.162-31 lift engines with
5,500 lb thrust each
two lift engine doors each side

2 Rolls-Royce Dart 10 turboprops

Lift engine compressor bleed air
used for V/STOL attitude control
Designation:
Cruise Engines:
Cruise Power:
Lift Engines:
Lift Thrust:
Wingspan:
Length:
Maximum payload:
Cruise speed
VTOL weight:
STOL weight:
Range, max wt (STOL):

Fiat G.222 Cervino (1963)

2 x R-R Dart 10
2x 2,255 kW
2x 3,025 eshp
6 x R-R R.B. 162-31
6 x 2,495 kg
6 x 5,500 lb
18.10 m
59.1 ft
19.20 m
62.3 ft
4,100 kg
9,040 lb
400 km/h
215 kt
12,700 kg
28,000 lb
16,000 kg
35,000 lb
1,200 km
650 nm

www.vstol.org

19

Fiat G.222 - 1964

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

Military & Civil variants

pressurized fuselage
13% longer wingspan

Six RB.162-31 lift engines with

5,500 lb thrust each
three lift engine doors each side

2 Rolls-Royce Dart 12 turboprops

Lift fans for attitude control
two at each wing tip and the tail
Designation:
Cruise Engines:
Lift Engines:
Lift Thrust:
Wingspan:
Length:
STOL weight:
CTOL weight:

Fiat G.222 (1964)

2 x R-R Dart 12
6 x R-R R.B. 162-31
6 x 2,495 kg
6 x 5,500 lb
20.42 m
67.0 ft
20.88 m
68.5 ft
17,500 kg
38,580 lb
21,000 kg
46,300 lb

www.vstol.org

20

Fiat G.222 - 1965

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

Five distinct versions

V/STOL + CTOL + convertible
military transports; CTOL civil
transport/airliner; CTOL ASW

Eight RB.162-31 lift engines with

5,500 lb thrust each
two lift engine doors each side

2 Rolls-Royce Dart 25 turboprops

Lift engine compressor bleed air
used for V/STOL attitude control
Designation:
Cruise Engines:
Lift Engines:
Lift Thrust:
Wingspan:
Length:
Empty weight:
Gross weight:

Fiat G.222 (1965)

2 x R-R Dart 25
8 x R-R R.B. 162-31
2,495 kg
5,500 lb
23.50 m
77.1 ft
21.50 m
70.5 ft
11,938 kg
26,320 lb
18,750 kg
41,335 lb

www.vstol.org

21

Fiat G.222 - 1965

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

Engine nacelles key to versions

Payload bays for CTOL ASW

8 lift engines for VTOL
4 lift engines for STOL
0 lift engines for CTOL
streamlined nacelles for more
efficient cruise

www.vstol.org

22

Fiat G.222 - 1970

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

Fiat awarded a contract by Italian

MOD in 1966 to build two CTOL
prototypes
NBMR.4 largely forgotten
planned conversion to V/STOL
configuration dropped

First flight 1970

Service entry in 1976
1961: 28,000 lb V/STOL transport
1976: 61,000 lb CTOL transport

www.vstol.org

23

Fiat Jet V/STOL Summary

www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

IVHS

All based on NATO requirements

None were built
Shift in NATO strategy to flexible response required more robust
capabilities than the point solutions offered by these VTOL designs
Fiat G.95/4
1964 VAK 191 Requirement
Mach 1 Nuclear Strike

Fiat G.95/6
1961 NBMR.3 Requirement
Mach 2 Nuclear Penetrator

Fiat G.222
1962 NBMR.4 Requirement
V/STOL Tactical Transport

www.vstol.org

24

Fiat 7005 (1965)

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

Previous Fiat helo experience

Fiat 7002 reaction rotor was built
in 1961
Design/manufacture of Super
Frelon transmission gears

7005 begun as high-speed

compound design
Allison 250 turboshaft
27.5 ft rotor; 4 ft propeller

Vectoring vane box

vanes could vector 37
vane box pivoted addition 33
total vector of 70 for counter
torque and yaw control

Never built

www.vstol.org

25

Overview

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

Background
Fiat
jet fighters
jet transports
compound helicopter

Aerfer
transports

SIAI-Marchetti
compound helicopter

Agusta
compound helicopters
tiltrotors

Summary
www.vstol.org

26

IVHS

Aerfer V/STOL Projects

www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org
AE-130 notional sketch

AE-130 stowed rotor project

begun 1955
two blade rotor - 66 ft diameter
26-30 passenger commuter aircraft

BAC 224 V/STOL

collaboration with BAC
designed to meet NBMR.4

2 Bristol Pegasus 5 engines

(Kestrel/Harrier) at wing roots
4 RR lift engines at each wing tip
78,500 lb gross weight
similar to Do.31 demonstrator

Project 2102

AMI RFP in 1962 for NBMR.4

RB.162 lift engines in wing pods
GE CF-700/2B turbofan on tail
Gross weight 38,000 lb

Fiat merged with Aerfer in 1969

G.222 already being built
Aerfer V/STOL work stopped

www.vstol.org

27

Overview

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

Background
Fiat
jet fighters
jet transports
compound helicopter

Aerfer
transports

SIAI-Marchetti
compound helicopter

Agusta
compound helicopters
tiltrotors

Summary
www.vstol.org

28

SIAI-Marchetti SV-20C

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

Previous helo experience

SH-4 helicopter built in 1965 with
Silvercraft

Created a Vertical Flight Division

in 1968 under Dr. Emilio Bianchi
July 1968 began development of a
14 seat, twin engine, compound
Design goals:

Full-scale mock-up

8,820 lb (4000 kg) gross weight

Less than 2000 kg empty weight
Cruise speed of 210 kt

Continued weight growth (to

10,000 lb) caused end of project
Prototype was never built
Company acquired by Agusta
www.vstol.org

29

Overview

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

Background
Fiat
jet fighters
jet transports
compound helicopter

Aerfer
transports

SIAI-Marchetti
compound helicopter

Agusta
compound helicopters
tiltrotors

Summary
www.vstol.org

30

Agusta

www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

IVHS

Founded in 1907
First Bell 47 license in 1952
First indigenous helicopter design in 1958 - A101G
Several other prototypes built - A102, A103, A104, A105, A106
Began looking at compound designs for higher speed flight

www.vstol.org

31

Agusta A110

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

Studied during 1961-1965

Derivative of A101G
Similar fuselage to A101G with
similar 5 blade rotor
Two turboprops for cruise
Expected to reach 500 km/hr
(270 kt )
Transport for 35 troops
Loading ramp in rear
Wing tips folded down for water
landings??

www.vstol.org

32

Agusta A110

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

Alternative design
Different fuselage with 4 blade
rotor system
Two turboprops for cruise
No anti-torque rotor
Similar wing tips folds

www.vstol.org

33

Agusta A118

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

1961 Agusta design for NATO

NBMR.4 competition
Similar in concept to Soviet
Kamov Ka-22 Vintokryl design
Each wing tip had a compound
unit
large 4-blade rotor
tractor propeller
three engines

Loading ramp in rear

www.vstol.org

34

Agusta A119

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

1961 Agusta design for NATO NBMR.4 competiton

Quad tiltrotor concept
front rotors tilted up for lift - tractor proprotor for cruise
rear rotors tilted down for lift - pusher proprotor for cruise
two turboshaft engines on either side

Clamshell doors and loading ramp in rear

www.vstol.org

35

Agusta A120 Elibus

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

1968 design for a 65 pax high-speed

commercial compound
Six-blade rotor + two tractor propellers
Three interconnected GE T64 turboshafts
one with each propeller and one under rotor

Planned to operate between city center

heliports or to remote locales
Designation:
Diameter main rotor
Diameter tail rotor
Diameter propeller
Maximum length
Wing span
Empty weight
Normal gross weight
Maximum speed
Cruise speed
OGE Hover ceiling
IGE Hover ceiling

Agusta A120B Elibus

22.0 m
72.2 ft
4.87 m
16.0 ft
3.70 m
12.1 ft
26.20 m
86 ft
17.20 m
56.4 ft
14,200 kg
31,306 lb
23,500 kg
51,809 lb
425 km/hr
230 kt
388 km/hr
210 kt
1800 m
6,000 ft
3000 m
10,000 ft

www.vstol.org

36

Agusta A123

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

1969 design for a 14-17 pax highspeed compound

Medevac, transport or attack
hook loads up to 8,300 lb

Four-blade rotor + one pusher prop

Two Lycoming T53 turboshafts
Designation:
Diameter main rotor
Diameter tail rotor
Diameter propeller
Maximum length
Wing span
Empty weight
Normal gross weight
Gross weight for hook
Maximum speed
Cruise speed
Range (tanks, no reserve)
OGE Hover ceiling
IGE Hover ceiling

Agusta A123
14.5 m
47.6 ft
2.80 m
9.2 ft
2.80 m
9.2 ft
17.65 m
57.9 ft
8.00 m
26.2 ft
3,720 kg
8,200 lb
6,804 kg
15,000 lb
7,484 kg
16,500 lb
417 km/hr
225 kt
400 km/hr
216 kt
580 km
313 nm
3,000 m
9,850 ft
3,800 m
12,500 ft

www.vstol.org

37

www.vtol.org

EUROFAR Tilt Rotor Studies

IVHS

Agusta & Eurocopter

www.vstol.org

Joint studies begun in 1986

European Future Advanced Rotorcraft (Eurofar) started Sept 1987
Germany, France and Italy provided funds
to create a tiltrotor design for 30 pax, 14 ton commuter
determine feasibility
www.vstol.org

38

www.vtol.org

EUROFAR Tilt Rotor

IVHS

Agusta & Eurocopter

www.vstol.org

Addressed critical topics:

choice of the most suitable rotor,
wing, nacelle / drive train /
engine design features
rotor aerodynamic and dynamic
design, air vehicle control laws,
and structures
experimental activities conducted

Model n.2 Rotor tested in

ONERA S1 in early 1990s
full investigation of helicopter
and aircraft mode (to Mach 0.53)
including transition corridor
full-scale rotor and blade tested
designed and built by Agusta
www.vstol.org

39

IVHS

2GETHER?

www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

Eurocopter pursued their EUROTILT concept, very similar to the

EUROFAR design, and proposed it for European Commission
funding
Agusta proposed ERICA concept for EC funding
Neither concept was funded
Eurocopter and Agusta made a joint proposal in 2001
called the 2nd Generation European Tilting Highly Efficient Rotorcraft
(2GETHER)
proposed EUROTILT and ERICA as alternate solutions
this proposal was also rejected

Later, four Critical Technology Projects were funded to analyze

the most critical aspects of tiltrotors
Agusta ERICA tiltrotor concept was selected as the study configuration
www.vstol.org

40

Agusta ERICA Tiltrotor

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

After EUROFAR divergence, Agusta initiated a follow-on project

called Enhanced Rotorcraft Innovative Concept Achievement
(ERICA)
Led by Santino Pancotti (AHS 2002 Nikolsky Award winner)
Goal is to form the basis for a 2nd generation tiltrotor using
lessons learned from EUROFAR and BA609 projects, adding
innovative technologies
www.vstol.org

41

Agusta ERICA Tiltrotor

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

Outer wing panels tilt with the

rotors
Proprotors are small enough for
STOL operations and are more
efficient in cruise
Designation:
Engines:
Power:
Passengers (VTOL):
Passengers (STOL):
Wingspan:
Length:
Proprotor Diameter:
Max VTOL Useful Load:
Max STOL Useful Load:
VTOL Gross Weight:
STOL Gross Weight:
Empty Weight:
Fuel Weight (VTOL):
Fuel Weight (STOL):
Range:
Cruise altitude:
Vmax (at cruise):

AgustaWestland ERICA
2 x P&WC PW127E turboshaft
2x 2,400 shp
2x 1800 kW
19 + 2 crew
22 + 2 crew
46 ft
14 m
50 ft
15.2 m
24 ft
7.4 m
4,189 lb
1,900 kg
4,840 lb
2,200 kg
22,000 lb
10,000 kg
24,200 lb
11,000 kg
14,300 lb
6,500 kg
3080 lb
1,400 kg
4,400 lb
2,000 kg
650 nm
1,200 km
24,600 ft
7,500 m
350 kt
650 km/h

www.vstol.org

42

IVHS

Bell Agusta BA609

www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

Agusta also partner for 609 civil tiltrotor

Bell announced in 1996

Agusta formally joined the team in 1998
First flight in March 2003
Over 85 orders already
FAA certification planned for in January 2007
First flight - 7 March 2003

Designation:
Engines:
Passengers:
Engine Power:
Wingspan:
Length:
Height:
Proprotor Diameter:
Max Useful Load:
Max Gross Weight:
Range:
Service ceiling:
Vmax (at cruise):

Bell/Agusta BA609
2 x P&WC PT6C-67A turboshaft
6 to 9 pax + 1-2 crew
2 x 1,940 shp
2 x 1,450 kW
33.8 ft
10.3 m
46 ft
14.0 m
15 ft
4.5 m
26 ft
7.9 m
5,500 lb
2,500 kg
16,000 lb
6,974 kg
750 nm
1,389 km
25,000 ft
11,364 m
275 kt
509 km/h

www.vstol.org

Full-scale mock-up - Farnborough 1998

43

Overview

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

Background
Fiat
jet fighters
jet transports
compound helicopter

Aerfer
transports

SIAI-Marchetti
compound helicopter

Agusta
compound helicopters
tiltrotors

Summary
www.vstol.org

44

Summary

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

Two dozen different Italian V/STOL concepts documented

Most were design studies only

Some component testing
Limited V/STOL flight testing
None were tested extensively

The BA609 promises to become the first (co-)production Italian

V/STOL aircraft
Operational
V/STOL Systems:
Flight Test:

Large-Scale
Testing:

www.vstol.org

45

Acknowledgements

IVHS
www.vstol.org

www.vtol.org

This paper could not have been completed without the generous
assistance of numerous individuals
Agusta

Santino Pancotti
Marzio Preatoni
Valentina Giuliani
Pietro Alli
Bruno Lovera (retired)

Alenia
L. Chesta

IVHS Artist (for A118, A119 and AE-130)

Jens Baganz

www.vstol.org

46