Professional Documents
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8. What was your greatest weakness that contributed to the way things turned out?
9. What was your greatest strength that made a difference in the outcome?
10. What weaknesses in others affected the outcome?
11. What strengths in others made a difference and how?
12. What was the happiest moment of this entire event? (and why)
13. What was the scariest moment? (and why)
14. What was the saddest or most disappointing moment? (and why)
15. What was the funniest moment and why?
16. What would your parents say if they had been part of this and why?
17. What would you have done differently if you could and why?
4. How did it make you feel when realized your role in this event?
5. How does your family feel about your role in this?
6. How will you enjoy your accomplishments in this issue?
7. How will you preserve the memories of this event?
8. How do you feel at the end of the day working on this issue/event?
9. How do you think others see you as a professional?
10. How do you see yourself?
11. How do you want others to see you as a professional?
For those who work as documentary filmmakers you undoubtedly have thought
about the importance of asking well thought out questions that not only provide you
with the information youre looking for but also questions that help develop trust
and rapport with your subjects.
Lights Film School sent me to the Vancouver International Film Festival last month
and I attended a 4 day filmmakers workshop. One of the workshops dealt with
interview questions specifically. The interesting part was that the panel for this
seminar consisted of a Journalist, a Psychologists and an Attorney. All of these
people spend a lot of time in their day to day activities developing relationships with
their subjects and clients and therefore must constantly think about how to ask
questions that help their subjects open up.
Below are a few points to consider the next time youre planning interview
questions for your documentary.
1. Dont start with the cameras rolling
Start instead with building trust. Discuss unrelated issues to help open up to the
subject. A few preliminary interviews without a crew or cameras may also be
necessary to help develop a friendship. In the end, youre building a relationship
and any relationship that has any weight to it is equal in its contributions. If you
enter their home and force them to tell you their story without giving anything back,
its hardly conducive to building a balanced relationship and this will show in your
final footage.
When you do show up with your crew and cameras, get your subject familiar to the
lights and the camera but dont start running footage until you can see that they
are comfortable with the people and the equipment around them.
These questions are now your map to guide your subject through a successful
interview. However, dont stay married to them, because you really want your
subject to be free to tell you the story in their mind. These written questions are just
to help you keep things focused in the right direction if the interview gets too far
away from your goals or skips over vital parts of the story at hand.
PLAN AND WRITE OUT YOUR QUESTIONS IN A LOGICAL ORDER AS A GUIDE
MAP TO HELP YOU KEEP THE INTERVIEW FOCUSED.
The Questions
The type of questions you ask will largely determine the quality and depth of your
interview. Avoid asking leading questions or questions that can be answered with a
simple yes or no. Remember, you want your subject to paint the picture, not just
color in your preconceived lines.
Leading questions are okay as follow-ups to your main questions, especially when
your questions will remain in the edited piece. But be careful they dont undermine
your intention of having the subject tell you what they have to say in full glorious
detail. Questions that begin with words such as how, why, where, and what will elicit
the stronger more in-depth answers from your subject. While questions that begin
with words such as: did, are, will and was, will likely get you short, general, one and
twoword answers the interview kiss of death.
ASK OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS TO AVOID SHORT LAME ANSWERS.
Lay Out the Ground Rules
On interview day, remind your subject of the focus of your interview and
approximately how long the interview is going to be. Be mindful of any time
constraints theyve laid out, especially if they are V.I.P.s. When a major government
official, CEO, or celebrity grants you 15 minutes of their time, they very often have
no-nonsense handlers that watch the clock and pull them away promptly at the
agreed upon time.
Try to be forthright and honest about your approach and what is expected of the
subject in terms of answers and candidness. If there are sensitive or very personal
issues at hand, discuss how those issues will be treated and why its important for
them to share it with the audience. Remember these are real people you are asking
to publicly open up about painful memories, hopes and dreams, traumatic events,
personal secrets, private shames, embarrassments, ambitions, and family business.
They need to trust you. And you need to respect that trust.
If complete spontaneity is not necessary for your interview, you might even tell your
subject a few of the specific questions you will be asking ahead of time to allow
them time to think of how they will answer. The more they know in advance the less
likely they are to be nervous. Just before the interview starts, you want to give your
subject some basic instructions that will help them relax and, more importantly,
keep you from pulling out your hair in the editing room.
Also, dont forget to ask your subject and everyone else in the room to turn off their
cell phones. Above all, dont forget to turn off your own cell phone, or you could be
in for a very embarrassing interruption I know. If your subject does not turn off
their phone and they take a call keep the camera rolling. You never know what you
might capture in that little human moment an angry tirade to a lawyer, a tender
moment with their kid, a big deal going down, good news, bad news drama.
BEFORE YOU SHOOT GIVE YOUR SUBJECT INSTRUCTIONS THAT WILL HELP
YOU TO SHOOT AND EDIT THE INTERVIEW MORE SMOOTHLY.
Warm Em Up
Start off with a few softball questions to get your subject warmed up. Remember,
you are trying to get your subject to tell a story with a beginning, middle, and end.
Make sure your questions logically lead them through each part and build up to the
main issue.
Warm-up questions should be easy factual questions about the persons general
background as it relates to the topic something that doesnt touch on anything
too emotional or deep. (That will come later. Ramp up to the heart of the matter by
covering some background questions that will lay out the context for the main topic.
If you were interviewing someone that survived a plane crash, you would want to
first establish the airport they left from, where they were flying to, why they took
the trip, what airline, on and on, leading up to the emotional moment of going
down. Be sensitive when dealing with emotional subjects.
The Interview
Okay, heres where we get to the heart of the interview process your questions
and conversation with your subject. Everything youve done up to this point
lighting, setting mics, framing, etc., will all have been for naught if you dont handle
your questioning properly.
It is now up to you and you alone to elicit your subjects funniest anecdotes, most
painful memories, long held secrets, detailed explanations, candid opinions in
other words, to elicit the story in a way that your audience will find compelling,
whether your interviewee is talking about their first knockout or their last insurance
seminar. But how does one actually do this? Browbeat them? Trick them? Ask them
for the real scoop? No, to all of the above. You simply have a real and candid
conversation with them. Its a little like a first date, only with notes and more to the
point. You employ many of the exact same social skills and gradually probing
questions to consciously lead your subject to relax, trust you, reveal themselves and
tell their own story and forget about the camera and lights.
ASK QUESTIONS, LISTEN & RESPOND TO YOUR SUBJECTS ANSWERS,
ALWAYS KEEPING THE STORY IN MIND.