Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Submitted By:
Fouzia Begum
PT-TF-05)
(10-MS-
(10-MS-
UET Taxila
Submitted to:
Respected Sir Dr. Shehryar
Date of Submission:
6th April 2015
Project:
Characteristics of micronozzle gas flows
Project Supervisor:
Dr. Shehryar
Table Of Content
CHAPTER 1
can only get some data about its total performance. Bayt et al.[9] manufactured
micronozzles with throat height of about 2030 _m, and by
testing they pointed out that the viscous resistance affected flows mightily. Hao et
al.[10] also manufactured micronozzles (throat height 20 m), and determined the
dependence of the
mass flux from the pressure difference (inlets pressure minus back pressure) by
keeping pressure at the inlet and decreasing the environmental pressure (back
pressure) that connected with the outlet of the nozzle.
CHAPTER 2
Generation of mesh in Gambit
Introduction to Gambit
GAMBIT is a software package designed to help analysts and designers build and
mesh models for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and other scientific
applications. GAMBIT receives user input by means of its graphical user interface
(GUI). The GAMBIT GUI makes the basic steps of building, meshing, and assigning
zone types to a model simple and intuitive, yet it is versatile enough to
accommodate a wide range of modeling applications.
Generation of Nozzle mesh in Gambit
Step 1
First of all set the appropriate coordinates upon which we have to build our nozzle.
Geometry Command Button
Vertex
Set the coordinates as:
(0,0)
(0,10)
(95,0)
(95,17)
(-50,34)
(-50,0)
---->Create
Step 2
In 2nd step we have to join our coordinate points to create the edges.
Geometry Command Button
---->Create Edge
By pressing shift button and clicking left by mouse on coordinate. It will appear red.
Then click on second coordinate. Then click on apply command in the open window.
Then an edge will appear. As shown in following figure,
By repeating the above procedure create all the faces, as shown in following,
Step 3
In this step we have to create all edges as one face, so computer can understand it
that there is also something in this area except edges.
---->Form face
By pressing shift button click left button of mouse on all edges to create the face.
First edge will appear red. By clicking on all edges then click on apply command in
the open window. Then all edges will appear as one face, as shown in following,
Step 4
In this step we have to divide all our edges in to number of nodes. One thing should
be kept in mind that all the opposite faces must have equal number of nodes.
Otherwise mesh will not be formed.
Mesh command button
---->Edge command button
Then following window will appear
---->Mesh Edges
Change interval size to interval count and then click on the edge. And then give the
appropriate number of nodes, after that click on apply. As shown in following,
Step 5
In this step we have to mesh our face by doing the following steps,
Mesh command button
---->Face command button
The following window will open
---->Mesh face
By pressing shift button click left mouse button on one of the edge. Then all the
edges will appear as red. The click on apply button. Mesh will be appear as follows,
Individual element should be approximately square for better calculations just like
as follows,
Step 6
In this step we have to examine our mesh. That it is following the criteria so that our
solutions should be converged while doing calculations. For the examination of our
mesh following are criterias,
Criteria for mesh examination
a) Aspect ratio should be less than one
b) Worst element should not be in throat section
c) Total elements should not exceed from 0.1million
For examination of mesh do the following steps in Gambit,
Click on Examine Mesh
For examination, check Range in Display Type. Check as 2D Element. And in Quality
Type check as Aspect Ratio. As seen from the figure total elements are 64000. And
Aspect Ratio is 3.
Examination of Worst Element
As seen from the figure the worst element is on left wall. So it is acceptable that
worst element is not in throat section.
Step 7
In this step we have to apply the necessary boundary condition on our particular
problem. As in our case,
Left Wall is pressure inlet
Right Wall is pressure outlet.
Upper two walls are chosen as Wall.
Lower wall is chose as symmetric wall.
For Boundary Conditions do the following in Gambit,
Zones Command Button
following window will open.
---->then
First of all click on edge and then check the type from above command and then
click on apply button. After applying boundary conditions this window will open as,
Step 8
In this we will export our file as mesh file to solve the problem in Fluent.
CHAPTER 3
Simulation in Fluent
Introduction to Fluent
ANSYS fluent is engineering simulation software. By using this software one can
solve the problem in a virtual environment. By using fluent we can do the following
Flow problems in 2D and 3D
Compressible & Incompressible
Steady state and time dependent
Variety of material properties
Complex physics & chemistry
Inviscid, viscous, and turbulence models
Complex geometries & meshes
Multiple and non-inertial reference frames
Quantitative analysis & visualization
Following are the steps by which we can run our simulation in fluent for our nozzle
problem.
Step 1
First of all open your mesh file in fluent.
Go to File Menu Bar---->Read---->Mesh.
This will open your mesh file in fluent. As Shown in following,
Step 2
In this step we have to choose what is our problem nature and type.
In our particular problem,
Type = Pressure Based
Problem Nature = Steady
2D Space = Planner
As shown in following,
Step 3
In this step we have to choose our model. Basically it is our mathematical model
which will be solved from one node to another node.
As shown in following,
Step 4
In this step we have to choose our material as solid/fluid.
In our particular case fluid is entered as air and solid is as aluminum. Because our
wall of nozzle are solids and we have choose them as aluminum.
Following figure shows in fluent,
Step 5
In this step we have to apply our boundary conditions and their values.
In our particular case,
Pressure inlet = 101325 Pa
Pressure Outlet= 65000 Pa
Do it in fluent by clicking on boundary conditions and then select particular
boundary condition and then click on create/edit. A window will open as shown in
following,
Step 7
In this step we have run our calculation.
Number of iterations = 1000
And then click on run calculation. Fluent will calculate all the results until our
solution converges. If our solution will not converge then fluent will show a message
that solutions are going to diverge at particular node then we have to check our
meshing criteria and again follow the above steps.
Following window is to run the calculations,
CHAPTER 4
Results and Validation
Article Results
We have to validate results of the article which has been assigned to us in class.
Following are the authors generated results which we have to validate through
ANSYS Fluent.
Kn=
=
Fluent Results
UH m
16 kT
5 2 m P
References
1. M. Raciti Castelli, P. Cioppa and E. Benini,Numerical simulation of the flow
field around the 30 degree flat plate World Academy of Science, Engineering
and Technology 63 2012.
2. Xie, Chong. "Characteristics of micronozzle gas flows." Physics of Fluids
(1994-present) 19.3 (2007): 037102.
3. http://cfdblogvienna.blogspot.com/p/computational-fluid-dynamics-advanceda.html
4. Rothe, Dietmar E. "Electron-beam studies of viscous flow in supersonic
nozzles." AIAA Journal 9.5 (1971): 804-811.
5. Boyd, Iain D., et al. "Experimental and numerical investigations of low-density
nozzle and plume flows of nitrogen." AIAA journal 30.10 (1992): 2453-2461.
6. Boyd, Iain D., Douglas B. VanGilder, and Edward J. Beiting. "Computational
and experimental investigations of rarefied flows in small nozzles." AIAA
journal 34.11 (1996): 2320-2326.
7. Broc, Alain, et al. "Experimental and numerical investigation of an O $ _ {2}
$/NO supersonic free jet expansion." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 500 (2004):
211-237.
8. Jamison, A. D., and A. D. Ketsdever. "Low Reynolds number performance of an
underexpanded orifice and a Delaval nozzle." Rarefied Gas Dynamics 23rd,
edited by AD Ketsdever and EP Muntz (AIP, New York, 2003) (2003).
9. Bayt, Robert L. Analysis, fabrication and testing of a MEMS-based
micropropulsion system. Aerospace Computational Design Laboratory, Dept.
of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999.
10.Hao, Peng-Fei, et al. "Size effect on gas flow in micro nozzles." Journal of
Micromechanics and Microengineering 15.11 (2005): 2069.