Draft PPT Solar Plant Amit - 17.06.2014 PDF

An
Introduction
to
10 MW SOLAR PV PLANT
AT NTPC UNCHAHAR
by
Amit K Gautam
Sr. Manager
(O&M - Solar Plant Commissioning)
Tuesday, June 17, 2014
SYNOPSIS OF THE PRESENTATION

Introduction
What is SPV Technology
SPV Technology Fundamentals
Single Line Diagram
Combination of Solar Cells, Strings, Inverters &
Inverter Transformer
The HT Switchboard
Switchyards (33kV & 220kV)
Auxiliary Power Scheme
SCADA & Weather Monitoring System
Module Washing System
Fire Fighting System
10 MW Solar PV Plant, NTPC Unchahar
(A presentation by Amit K Gautam)
INTRODUCTION
Solar
power is the
conversion of sunlight into
electricity, either directly
or indirectly.
It's
a quiet, clean &

renewable source of
energy
Photovoltaic
(PV) modules
have no moving or
wearing parts.
Require
less maintenance
SOLAR POWER GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES
Solar Photo Voltaic (direct):

Solar PV
PV panels use the

photovoltaic effect to turn
the suns energy directly into
electricity.
Solar Thermal (indirect):

Solar thermal panels use the

suns energy to heat water
that can be used to generate
electricity.
Here, we are using Solar PV technology.
WHAT IS SPV TECHNOLOGY?

A PV panel is made up of a semiconducting

material, usually silicon-based sandwiched between
two electrical contacts.
The junction of dissimilar materials (n and p
type silicon) creates a voltage.
TYPES OF SOLAR PV TECHNOLOGIES

Silicon Crystalline Technology
Mono Crystalline PV Cells
2.
Multi Crystalline PV Cells
1.
Thin Film Technology

1.
Amorphous Silicon PV Cells
2.
Poly Crystalline PV Cells

( Non-Silicon based)
Thin Film
Solar Cell
SILICON CRYSTALLINE TECHNOLOGY

Currently makes up 86% of PV market
Very stable with module efficiencies 10-16%
Mono Crystalline PV
Cells
Made using saw-cut

from single cylindrical
crystal of Si
Operating efficiency
up to 16%
Multi Crystalline PV
Cells
Caste from ingot of

melted and recrystallized silicon
Cell efficiency ~12%
Accounts for 90% of
crystalline Si market
SOLAR CELL FUNDAMENTALS

Solar Cell Characteristics
Short circuit current

(Isc):
Maximum current
produced by solar cell
when its terminals are
shorted.
Open circuit voltage

(Voc):
Maximum voltage
that can be obtained
from a solar cell when
its terminals are left
open.
8
SOLAR CELL FUNDAMENTALS
Fill Factor (FF):

It is defined as the
square-ness of the I-V
curve
It is related to the
resistive losses in the
solar cell.
In ideal condition its
value is 100%.
For a good solar cell it
is > 80%.
FF = Pm / (Voc x Isc )
MPPT or Maximum Power Point Tracking is

an algorithm that included in electric power
converter system used for extracting maximum
available power from PV module under certain
conditions.
The voltage at which PV module can produce

maximum power is called maximum power point
(or peak power voltage).
Maximum power varies with solar radiation,

ambient temperature and solar cell temperature.
MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING

(MPPT)
10
The
MPPT
system is to sample the output of

the cells and apply the proper resistance
(load) to obtain maximum power for any
given environmental conditions.
major principle of MPPT is to extract

the maximum available power from PV
module by making them operate at the
most efficient voltage (maximum power
point).
HOW MPPT WORKS?
11
MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING
12
SOLAR CELL CHARACTERISTICS

Efficiency ():
Solar cell efficiency is
the ratio of the electrical
output of a solar cell to
the incident energy in
the form of sunlight.
is the efficiency
Efficiency up-to 14-16%
Voc is the open-circuit voltage
are normally achieved
Isc is the short-circuit current
by crystalline Si cells.
FF is the fill factor
13
LOSSES IN SOLAR CELLS

1. Unavoidable losses:
Loss of low energy photons (23%)
Loss due to excess energy of photons (33%)
Voltage loss (0.65 0.72)
Fill factor loss
2. Avoidable losses:
Reflection losses
Incomplete absorption losses
Recombination losses
14
the PV cell
temperature
increases above
25C, the module
Vmp decreases by
approximately
As
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE
0.5% per C
15
As
insolation decreases
amperage decreases
while voltage remains
roughly constant
is the solar
radiation that reaches
the earth's surface. It is
measured by the amount
of solar energy received
per cm2 / min.
Insolation
EFFECTS OF LOW INSOLATION
16
EFFECT OF SOLAR ORIENTATION
17
To
receive maximum intensity of sunrays the
to sunrays.
Max
performance is achieved when panels
are perpendicular to the suns rays.

Panels
should be tracking the sun all the
solar panel surface should be perpendicular
SOLAR TRACKING
time, during day and during different

seasons.
18
Automatic
solar tracking makes the system
If
the SPV panel is not tracking the sun then
it should be inclined to an angle equal to the

latitude of the location.
(28.81 for Unchahar)
Solar
very costly.
SOLAR TRACKING
tracking allows to collect 30% extra
energy with the same SPV panel.
19
Whenever
any cell is under shed then it

will become reverse biased.
This reverse bias can be strong depending
upon the shadowing.
The strong reverse bias may force the
shaded cell to break down.
The extra power generated by the non
shaded cells will be dissipated in the
shaded cell.
This creates hot spots in the module.
BYPASS DIODE
20
A bypass diode is used to pass the excess current.
Ideally this should be connected to each cell in

parallel with opposite polarity.
Normally one bypass diode is used for every 12-20

cells (20 in case of Unchahar).
BYPASS DIODE
21
Inverter-A
Inverter
Transformer
(630 kVA)
(1.6 MVA)
(Total 08
Nos.)
Solar
Panels
Outdoor
VCB
(Total 08
Nos.)
(Total 16
Nos.)
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF SOLAR PLANT AT NTPC UNCHAHAR
350 V AC
800-550 V DC
33kV U/G Cable
350 V AC
800-550 V DC
(Total 08
Incomers)
Inverter-B
Incomers
Isolator
12.5 MVA
Transformer
(33/230 kV)
Note: For more details refer NTPC Drawing No. 5708-004-PVE-P-034
33kV Switchyard
(Solar Plant)
Outgoing-2
Outgoing-1
33kV HT
Panel
200kVA
Aux. Trans.
220 kV
Breaker
33kV
Breaker
Bus
Isolators
Line
Isolator
33/220 kv Switchyard
(Bay-5)
Transmission
Line
(0.8km O/H
& 3.75 km U/G
Bus-1
Bus-2
TBC
(630 kVA)
33 kV
33 kV
415 V
ACDB
22
Solar
Photovoltaic
cells are typically sold in

modules (or panels) of 12, 24, 36, 48, 60
volts with power outputs of 50 to 200+
watts.
are then combined into arrays to
give the desired power or watts.
cells can be electrically connected in

series (voltage add) or in parallel (current
add) to give any desired voltage and
current (or power).
COMBINING SOLAR CELLS
These
23
MODULE PARMETER
(60 cells in series)
STRING PARMETER
(24 modules in series)

Open Circuit Voltage (VOC)
= 24 36 = 864 VOC
/ STRING
Short Circuit Current (ISC) = 8.5 A

Peak Power (Pmax) = 5762.88 Wp
Voltage at peak power point (Vmax) = 696 V
Open Circuit Voltage (VOC) = 60 0.6 = 36 V

Short Circuit Current (ISC) = 8.5 A
Peak Power (Pmax) = 240 Wp
Voltage at peak power point (Vmax) = 29 V
Current at peak power point (Imax) = 8.28 A
COMBINING SOLAR CELLS (AT UNCHAHAR)
Current at peak power point (Imax) = 8.28 A

At Unchahar
Total No. of Modules = 42,240
Total No. of Strings = 1,760
24
SMU PARMETER
22 Strings in parallel
String-22
String-02
Voc = 864 V
Vmax= 696 V
ISC = 8.5 22 A=187 Amp
Imax = 8.28 22 A =182.16 Amp
INVERTER PARMETER
SMU
-1
SMU
-3
SMU
-2
SMU
-5
SMU
-4
(05 SMU in parallel)

Voc = 864 V
Vmax = 696 Volts
ISC = 187 5 A=935 Amp
Imax = 182.16 5 A =910.8 Amp
String-01
(22 strings in parallel)
COMBINING STRINGS
25
Inverter
Inverter-A
Inverter-B
350 V AC
5
33 kV
33 kV
Outdoor VCB
33 kV
Indoor VCB
33kV HT Panel
350 V AC
Two inverters are

giving output to one
transformer.
The transformer
contains two
primary(LT)& one
secondary(HT)
winding.
The transformer out
put is fed to HT panel
as shown in the
diagram
COMBINING INVERTERS
26
Incomer-9
(SPARE)
Panel-12
Incomer-8
(Panel-10)
Incomer-7
(Panel-9)
Incomer-6
(Panel-8)
Incomer-5
(Panel-7)
Incomer-4
(Panel-5)
33 kV HT Panel
Metering
BUS PT
(Panel-1)
Protection
Outgoing Feeder
to
33kV Switchyard
(Solar Plant)
Panel No. 6
33kV
Feeder
To 200 kVA
Auxiliary
Transformer
Incomer-1
(Panel-2)
Incomer-3
(Panel-4)
All the 8 incomers are feeding power to the HT panel.

One outgoing feeder is for power evacuation/back-charging.
The other outgoing feeder is for auxiliary supplies.
Incomer-2
(Panel-3)
THE HT SWITCH-BOARD
27
(33kV/415V)
Panel No. 7
TO 220 KV
NTPC, UNCHAHAR,
SWITCHYARD
LIGHTNING
ARRESTER
METERING PT
EARTH SWITCH
EARTH SWITCH
METERING CT
METERING PT
METERING CT
FROM 33KV
SWITCHGEAR
ISOLATOR
33 KV SWITCHYARD (AT SOLAR PLANT)
28
Bus
Isolators
(ONAN
Dyn11)
220 kV
Breaker
12.5 MVA
Power Transformer
(33/230 kV)
33 kV
220 kV
220 kV
TBC Breaker
Bus
Isolators
Lightning
Arrester
Current
Transformer
33kV Outdoor
Vacuum
Circuit Breaker
Current
Transformer
Potential
Transformer
Earth Switches
Lightning
Arrester
TBC
Bus-2
Bus-1
Line Isolator
Lightning
Arrester
Line
Isolator
33 kV Line
from
Solar Plant
33/220 KV SWITCHYARD (AT UNCHAHAR) : BAY-5
29
Emergency Inverter
215 kVA (CMCS)
150 AH Battery
(60 Min Backup)
230V, 50Hz,1Ph.
AC Supply
Lights, Vent. Exhaust,
Aux. for VCB
Field
Instrument DB
Bore Well Pumps

(3 feeders)
SPARE (6 feeders)
63A MCCB
MCCB, TPN
400A, 25kA
220 V DC,
200 AH
Battery
Charger
16 A MCCB
16 A MCCB
SPARE
ACDB
Note: For more detail please refer drawing no. 5708-004-PVE-P-077-03
Power Socket Office Area

(To Computers)
Security Room DB
(Lights, Aux. Sockets, Vent. Exhaust)
32A MCCB
Electronic Interlock
IR-1
1 DB
(Lights, Vent. Exhaust, Aux. for VCB
32A MCCB
16 A MCCB
32A MCCB
63A MCCB
63A MCCB
63A MCCB
63A MCCB
63A MCCB
63A MCCB
MCCB, TPN
400A, 25kA
Water Pumps
Local Starter
IR-7
7 DB
IR-5
5 DB
IR-3
3 DB
IR-8
8 DB
IR-6
6 DB
IR-4
4 DB
63A MCCB
63A MCCB
63A MCCB
200 kVA
Auxiliary Transformer
33/0.415kV
Dyn11
CMCS Room DB
(Lights, AC Units for SCADA Room,
All sockets, Auxiliary power for Main HT panel)
Emergency lights
in CMCS,
SCADA
& Inverter Rooms
IR-2
2 DB
External
illumination
32A MCCB
From 33 kV Main HT Panel
AUXILIARY POWER SCHEME
DCDB
30
To all VCBs
220 V DC
SCADA System Architecture
31
There
are 1760 structures/strings in site, it is
month.
All
PV modules shall be cleaned in 10 days
(10% per day) and from the 11th day again

the first structure will be cleaned.
Like
planned to clean every PV module thrice a
MODULE WASHING SYSTEM
this, the cleaning process will be going
on through out the month.
32
There are three bore-wells in the Solar Plant
Water Balance : Borewell-1, Tank Capacity 3000 litres
MODULE WASHING SYSTEM (CONTD.)
33
Module Washing System (contd.)

(A presentation by Amit K Gautam)34
MODULE WASHING SYSTEM

35
Fire Fighting System

CMCS & Inverter Room-1
Inverter
Transformer
-1
Aux.
Trans.
Ladies
Toilet
Gents
Toilet
SCADA
Room
Pantry
OVCB
-1
Inverter
Room-1
Store Room
Battery Room
Legends
Sand filled fire buckets
Smoke detectors
Fire extinguisher (DCP) 10 kg
Fire extinguisher (CO2) 9 kg
Fire extinguisher (Foam) 9 kg
33kV Switchyard (Solar Plant)
Fire extinguisher (hand portable,

pressurized ) 9 kg
36
*Drawing not to scale

THANK YOU
37

Draft PPT Solar Plant Amit - 17.06.2014 PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Draft PPT Solar Plant Amit - 17.06.2014 PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

An

Tuesday, June 17, 2014

SYNOPSIS OF THE PRESENTATION

10 MW Solar PV Plant, NTPC Unchahar

(A presentation by Amit K Gautam)

Tuesday, June 17, 2014

10 MW Solar PV Plant, NTPC Unchahar

a quiet, clean &

(A presentation by Amit K Gautam)

Tuesday, June 17, 2014

SOLAR POWER GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

Solar Photo Voltaic (direct):

10 MW Solar PV Plant, NTPC Unchahar

PV panels use the

Solar Thermal (indirect):

Solar thermal panels use the

Here, we are using Solar PV technology.

(A presentation by Amit K Gautam)

Tuesday, June 17, 2014

WHAT IS SPV TECHNOLOGY?

10 MW Solar PV Plant, NTPC Unchahar

A PV panel is made up of a semiconducting

(A presentation by Amit K Gautam)

Tuesday, June 17, 2014

TYPES OF SOLAR PV TECHNOLOGIES

Multi Crystalline PV Cells

10 MW Solar PV Plant, NTPC Unchahar

Thin Film Technology

Amorphous Silicon PV Cells

Poly Crystalline PV Cells

(A presentation by Amit K Gautam)

Tuesday, June 17, 2014

SILICON CRYSTALLINE TECHNOLOGY

10 MW Solar PV Plant, NTPC Unchahar

Made using saw-cut

Caste from ingot of

(A presentation by Amit K Gautam)

Tuesday, June 17, 2014

SOLAR CELL FUNDAMENTALS

Short circuit current

10 MW Solar PV Plant, NTPC Unchahar

Open circuit voltage

(A presentation by Amit K Gautam)

Tuesday, June 17, 2014

SOLAR CELL FUNDAMENTALS

10 MW Solar PV Plant, NTPC Unchahar

Fill Factor (FF):

(A presentation by Amit K Gautam)

MPPT or Maximum Power Point Tracking is

The voltage at which PV module can produce

Maximum power varies with solar radiation,

10 MW Solar PV Plant, NTPC Unchahar

Tuesday, June 17, 2014

MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING

(A presentation by Amit K Gautam)

system is to sample the output of

10 MW Solar PV Plant, NTPC Unchahar

major principle of MPPT is to extract

Tuesday, June 17, 2014

HOW MPPT WORKS?

(A presentation by Amit K Gautam)

Tuesday, June 17, 2014