Centre for Development of Advanced

Computing(CDAC)

www.cdac.in

Thiruvananthapuram

Grid tied / Stand alone Solar inverters

Technology perspective

C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram

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 Activities of Power Electronics Group - CDAC-Thiruvananthapuram

National Mission on Power Electronics Technology
Some of the development projects showcasing the capability of
CDAC
Development activities related to Solar Photo Voltaic Systems and
other renewable sources
Concluding Remarks

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www.cdac.in

Organisation of the Presentation

Centre for Development of Advanced Computing

(CDAC)

www.cdac.in

CDAC is a Scientific Society of the Department of Information

Technology, Ministry of Communication & Information
Technology, Government of India.
CDAC Thiruvananthapuram has the following Development
Groups.
Power Electronics Group
Broadcast & Communications Group
Hardware Design Group
Control and Instrumentation Group
Strategic Electronics Group
www.cdactvm.in
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CDAC- Power Electronics Group

-Focus Area Power Quality Improvement

Electric traction and Automotive electronics

www.cdac.in

Integrated power modules and packaging techniques

Distributed power generation/ Renewable energy and Micro
generator control

Modelling/Simulation packages
New topologies for Converter/inverter applications

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NaMPET
A national mission programme launched in November 2004 by
the Department of Information Technology (DIT) under Ministry
of Communications & Information Technology, Government of
India.
Vision:
To provide the country with capability to become a dominant
player in Power Electronics Technology at the international level.
Nodal Agency: C-DAC, Thiruvananthapuram
Participating agencies
Academic Institutes( IISc, IITs, NITs and premier technical
institutes like BESU)
Manufacturing Industries- both private and public sector
User Industries like railways
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www.cdac.in

National Mission on Power Electronics Technology

Indian Railways
Indian Air force
NMRL
Electrohms
CatterPillar Pvt. Ltd.
Emerson Network Power (India)
Ltd.
Numeric Power Systems
Hykon Power Electronics (P) Ltd
Amara Raja Power Systems
HBL Power Systems

C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram

Industrial Controls and Drives Ltd

Keltron
Kerala Automobiles Ltd
Megatech Power Equipments (P) Ltd.
Power-one MicroSystems (P) Ltd
Veeral Controls
Techser Power Solutions Ltd.
Integrated Electric Co. Bangalore
Power Line Kolkata

C-DAC All Rights Reserved

www.cdac.in

NaMPET
Industry Partners

Development Projects involving Grid

Connected Inverters
STATCOM

(Up to 500kVA single unit)

Active Filter

(Up to 500kVA single unit)

UPQC

(250 kW)

www.cdac.in

Power Quality Solutions

Power Electronics for Renewable Energy Conversion

250kW Intelligent Power Controller for Wind Electric
Generator
25 kW grid interactive Solar PV System
Technology for Micro grids

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STATCOM- STATic COMpensator

Grid
L

Vag

Vcg

Iia
Iib

Vbi

Capacitor
Bank

www.cdac.in

Vbg

Vai

Vci

Iic
Ilc Ilb Ila

IGBT Voltage Source Inverter

Load

Shunt compensator synthesized with power electronic devices is

called STATCOM or Static VAR Compensator
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300 kVAR STATCOM

www.cdac.in

- For Highly Fluctuating Industrial Load -

Grid voltage and Grid Current

before compensation

Digital Controller developed by CDAC

STATCOM developed by CDAC

Grid voltage and Grid Current

after compensation
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Deployment of 750 kVA Active Filter for

Compensation of Current Harmonics
* Through this project CDAC has
developed and validated operation of
3-Level Inverters

www.cdac.in

11kV Incomer

Auxiliary
Load

Fluctuating loads like lifts,

magnetic separators, drives etc.
4 MW Induction Furnace

250 KVA, 2 Level STATCOM

C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram

500 KVA, 3 Level STATCOM

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Deployment of 750 kVA Active Filter

1) Grid current:
2) Load current:

High power inverter stack developed by CDAC

(Interconnections are with sandwich busplates)

C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram

www.cdac.in

Compensated Grid Current

C-DAC All Rights Reserved

2 A 5 ms
2 A 5 ms

Load Current

11

Unified Power Quality Controller

GRID

LOAD

C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram

Vdc

Series Active
Filter

C-DAC All Rights Reserved

www.cdac.in

UPQC mitigates voltage

swells and sags
UPQC compensates reactive
power or harmonic currents drawn
by the load

Ls

Shunt Active
Filter

12

4-Wire STATCOMs
Grid

Vag
Vbg Iia
Vcg Iib
Iic
Ilc Ilb Ila
Load

Vai
Vbi
Vci

Iin

Compensates
Reactive currents
Harmonic Currents
Unbalance Currents
&
Neutral Currents
C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram

Capacitor
Bank

www.cdac.in

IGBT Voltage
Source Inverter-4 leg

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www.cdac.in

4-Wire STATCOMs for IT Parks

CONVERTER STACK
500 kVA, 4-Wire STATCOM

This system is installed at TECHNOPARK Trivandrum

It can be used in IT parks where the computer loads are single phase
and non linear with large triplen harmonic currents in the neutral

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Intelligent Power Controller for Wind

Electric Generators (WEG)
Machine side
Inverter

Grid side
Inverter

WEG

www.cdac.in

GRID

Digital
Controller

WEG Operates at Maximum Power Point (Induction generator is driven in

variable speed)
Power generation with lower wind speed
Power export at UPF(without PF compensating capacitors) and minimum
THD in grid current
Each Inverter is rated for 250 kW and are IGBT based
The system was deployed and the technology was validated with a 250 kW
VESTAS WEG which uses an induction generator for power conversion.
C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram

15

www.cdac.in

Intelligent Power Controller for WEG

250 kW proto unit

Digital Controller
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Solar Energy Conversion

Solar Thermal Technology for harnessing solar
energy for thermal energy

Cell

Module

www.cdac.in

Solar Photo Voltaic(SPV) - Photovoltaic devices use

semiconductor materials that directly generate electric
power when exposed to light

Array

Made of crystalline silicon (mono crystalline/ multi crystalline/ Amorphous)

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Inverter

Filter

To load

Solar PV Array

Storage

Stand alone scheme

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www.cdac.in

Schemes for Solar PV Energy

Conversion

Schemes for Solar PV Energy

Conversion
Filter

Grid

www.cdac.in

Inverter

Solar PV Array

Storage

Grid Connected scheme

Optional

Both the above designs should consider

Overall conversion efficiency
Maximum Power Point Tracking(MPPT)
Cost and size of converters
System reliability
Protections
Modularity, Servicability and repeatability
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Technology for Micro-grid

These systems are referred to as hybrid systems, which can form

micro grids.
Common configurations of hybrid systems could include solar PV
array, wind generator, bio-mass/diesel generator set which would
allow generation in all weather conditions.

www.cdac.in

Solar PV systems can be used in conjunction with other energy

technologies to provide an integrated, flexible system for power
generation typically for remote locations without grid availability.

CDAC, through NaMPET, with technical collaboration with IIT Kanpur

has undertaken R&D project for developing technology for Microgrid.
System developed for Moushuni Island with support of WBREDA.
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Technology for Micro grids

BIO-MASS

BIM Basic Power Electronics

Interface Module

MICROGRID

www.cdac.in

BIM

WIND
GENERATOR

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC
ARRAY

BIM

Y
BATTERY
BANK

CONSUMER LOADS

BIM

BIM

* All sources interfaced to common AC bus

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The power converter module Basic Interface Module (BIM)

can work with both AC and DC sources.(Modular,
serviceable)
Individual Modules are rated for 10 kW. 3 modules are
connected in parallel makes a 30kW unit.
Basic Interface Module (BIM)
INVERTER
LOAD

SOURCE

CONVERTER

GATE DRIVER INTERFACE CIRCUITS

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www.cdac.in

Power Converter Module

Salient Features

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www.cdac.in

Modular Power Electronic Hardware

DSP & FPGA Based Control Hardware
Optimum Power Extraction from Solar with
MPPT(Maximum Power Point Tracking)
Optimum Power Extraction from WEG
Parallel Operation of Inverters
Synchronized Voltage reference from a Central
controller
Current sharing between parallel inverters

23

www.cdac.in

Digital Controller

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Digital Controller

www.cdac.in

Controls 6 independent
inverters(36 PWMs)
DSP-FPGA architecture
CAN communication link
Fast ADCs
I/O ports, LED ports
HMI interface
Digital Controller

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Grid Interactive Solar Photo Voltaic System

Salient Features of the system

Inverter for SPV system

Control algorithm for Maximum
Power Point Tracking from SPV
Control Algorithm for Power export
at UPF and minimum THD
Protection Schemes

Modular Power Electronic Hardware

DSP & FPGA Based Control
Hardware
MPPT controller
Grid connected front-end inverter for
power exchange
Display and user Interface
Power export at UPF
Anti-islanding protection

All the sub modules associated with the inverter (power and control) are
indigenously developed
The above system is commissioned at roof top of WBREDA office building,
Salt Lake, Kolkata
System is operational for last 5 months. Exporting around 40 units per day

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www.cdac.in

Technology developed

Idc

Control Block Schematic

3 Voltage Source Inverter

Va
Vb

Ib
Ic

Va

Ic

Vb

B
Vc

www.cdac.in

PWM6

Vdc
Idc

MPPT
Algorithm

Va
Vb
Vc

Iactive*

Va
Vb
Vc
Ia
Ib
Ic

PWM1

++

Vc
Ia

Ib

PWM1

Gate
Driver

Idc

Vdc

SPV

Vdc

Ia

3-2 Phase
Transformation
Unit Vector
Generation

Iactive

Va
Vb

Ireactive

Vc
Vdc

Cos

Ireactive*

Current
Controller
&
Reference
Voltage
Calculator

Va *
Vb *

Vc *

Space
Vector
Modulator

PWM1
PWM6

PWM6

Sin
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Grid Interactive Solar Photo Voltaic System

Solar Photovoltaic Array

Utility Grid

Power Electronic Interface Module

Voltage and Current

waveforms at various
power levels

C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram

www.cdac.in

Y
Transformer

C-DAC All Rights Reserved

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www.cdac.in

Grid Interactive Solar Photo Voltaic System

Digital Controller
30kW Panel

The digital controller is built with DSP and FPGA

This controller can control six numbers of 3 phase inverters
32 Analog channels for sensing various signals
Inverter modules are easily replaceable
Sandwich bus plate architecture
Integrated gate driver circuit and cooling arrangements
Each inverter module is rated for 10kVA with DC bus
rating of 400V
Inverter Module

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C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram

Rated Power

30kW

Grid Voltage

415(+10%/-15%), 3 Phase

Solar PV Array Voltage

400V max, 320 Nominal

Grid Frequency

50Hz5%

Operating Power factor

Unity above 50% Load

Grid Current THD

<5% when source THD is

<2%

Power Converter

IGBT based

Cooling

Forced Air Cooling

Panel

Suitable for Indoor

deployment

Efficiency

Better than 90% above 50%

of the load
C-DAC All Rights Reserved

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Specification of the Grid Interactive System

30

Standards for Grid Interactive Solar PV

Systems

www.cdac.in

IEEE-928 - IEEE Recommended Criteria for Terrestrial Photovoltaic

Power Systems
IEEE 929-2000 - IEEE Recommended Practice for Utility Interface of
Photovoltaic (PV) Systems
IEEE 1547-2003 - IEEE Standard for Interconnecting Distributed
Resources with Electric Power Systems
IEEE 519 - IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for
Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems
IS 9000 Basic Environmental testing Procedures for Electronic and
Electrical Systems
The above standards are mostly related to construction, test procedures, testing
methodology, protection guidelines and grid connection procedures of solar PV
inverter
There are different standards in relation to the SPV array
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Solar Power Plants with MW Rating

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www.cdac.in

The system is realised by connecting inverters in parallel

Individual inverter rating is 100kW
The co-ordination of the inverters is achieved with data exchange
between controllers of individual inverters through CAN
communication link
System features
Operation sequence and protection schemes as per the relevant
standards
Auto turn off and auto start
Active inverters selected optimally according to solar power
availability
Remote data access
Minimum power consumption by auxiliary circuits
32

Conclusions

www.cdac.in

CDAC has expertise in

Design of single phase inverters, 3 phase inverters and multi level inverters up
to 500kVA ratings, using IGBTs, IPMs etc.
Design and realisation of digital hardware for control of inverters for various
applications
CDAC has developed
Grid Interactive Solar PV System with Indigenous technology
Technology for Micro grids using various renewable energy sources (AC and
DC) and storage systems
CDAC can associate with prospective industries for commercialisation of the
technology for renewable energy sources-solar in particular

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www.cdac.in

Thank You

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34