public health MT1

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1.

AD is ++th leading cause of death in the

United States

7th

18.

in calculating an YPLL for a particular US

city (as done in lecture) what population
group was in the numerator of the formula?

people<65
years old

2.

antibiotic resistance is a growing problem

in the selection of therapeutics, especially
viruses that have distributed resistant
genes through what mechanism?

transformation
19.

incidence

new cases

20.

in most developing countries what metric is

most often used to measure health and
longevity?

GNP
(morbidity)

as a general rule, the health risks to the

citizens of a particular nation is most
likely influenced by what factor?

culture
21.

in order for a vaccine of global importance

(measles) to be accepted, what parameter
must be met in order for wide use and
acceptance?

costs ($1-2)
effectiveness
low toxicity
(all of these)

4.

By 2050, total estimated prevalence of AD

patient in the United States will be

11-16 millions

5.

cluster epidemic

defined by
place, time, or
circumstance

22.

in sewage treatment plants at what stage is

it considered the "chemical stage"?

tertiary

6.

currently, what water corn disease is the

most threatening to the citizens of Haiti?

cholera

23.

in the chronic cycle of disease the key

relationship for lowering rate of population
growth involves:

economic
freedom of
women

7.

the current problem associated with the

rise of TB, in part, stems from what
increasing problem?

poverty

24.

in the discussion of mad cow disease-this

virus is unique because it does not have
what key component of life?

DNA/RNA

8.

DPT is the vaccine to eliminate, some

common infectious disease risks in young
children, which pathology is not covered?

polio

25.

in the ebola video what animal-was the host

to a similar virus-the showed up in Germany
in the 1960s?

monkey

9.

endemic

expected cases
(based on year
to year
patterns)

26.

in the edge theory of disease which was

likely to be a disease left with natives in the
early 1800s?

leprosy

27.

the epidemic level of disease have what

definition?

expected
number over
time

in the effort to lower poverty rates-in public

health, what component of this effort can
be eased by education and capital
formation?

birth rate

10.

11.

the epidemic of TB sowed with the

discovery of what treatment technique?

multiple drug
use

28.

mouse

12.

from our discussion of the public health

cycle of disease; when infant mortality is
high in a developing country what
happens unexpectedly to the population?

increase

in the emerging disease Hanta Virus, what

are the ultimate sources of the
microorganisms?

29.

capital
formation

from the video on ebola, there is evidence

that the filovirus can transfer between
people by what means?

contact

in the health and wealth of nations paper

we discussed in lecture; one of the main
benefits to a larger and healthier older
population is:

30.

macrophage

given their conditions of Haiti- what reemergine and currently an endemic

infection is likely to increase over the next
few years?

cholera
TB

in the immune response to a vaccine-what

type of a cell initially processes the antigen
and delivers required protein information
to the T-cells?

31.

EMB

15.

How many vaccines do children get before

the age of 2?

23

in the laboratory procedure for measuring

water contamination from coliform
bacteria; which type of bacterial media
plate is most commonly used?

16.

How much does the government save by

vaccinating children?

$ 10 billion

32.

the pig

17.

in beef products-what is the most

expected bacterial contamination?

E. coli

in the recent epidemic of swine flu, which is

the setting for mutational events leading
the release of the H1N1?

3.

13.

14.

in the treatment protocol for some

parasites what type of organism can
change its antigens and make a
vaccine worthless?

worms

49.

sewage treatment plants and septic tanks

have anaerobic metabolism in what stage of
the process?

primary

34.

50.

false

fewer major head

injuries

T/F: a developing country with a large base of

youth will always be able to create surplus
jobs to maintain a healthy GNP and a
productive nation regardless of available
capital

Is autism a result of vaccination?

No prove

35.

the latest epidemic of ebola was

discovered in what country?

africa

36.

the law requiring the use of

motorcycle helmets was a significant
reason for lowering health care costs
in ER settings; by lowering what
event?

51.

What are 3 hypothesis of mechanism of AD

morbidity

how many cases

will present

Cholinergic
Amyloid
Tau d
all of
above

52.

measles

38.

mortality

how many will die

what disease is considered to have its origins

as a cattle disease known as rinderpest?

most of the old world diseases that

followed explorers to the new world
came primarily from what source?

humans on board

53.

what early culture (100-400 BC) established

public health for all of its citizens?

greek

39.

54.

the most serious parasitic disease for

humans in the tropics:

malaria

what emerging diseases has an arthropod

vector?

dengue
fever

55.

Name 3 alternative care for AD

Vitamine E
Co Q10
Coral calcium
Ginko biloba
Huperzine A
Omega 3 fatty acid
Phosphatidylserine

what is now considered an emerging diseasewhich can be found in both food and water
in the US?

E coli H157
O7

56.

what is the correct term to use when you are

measuring the number of new cases of HIV
within a city?

incidence

57.

what is the name of a vaccine made from

preexisting antibodies-as in the treatment for
tetanus?

passive
immunity

58.

what is the primary vector for the black

plague?

fleas

59.

what is the term used to describe the number

of new cases of a particular disease moving
across international boarders?

incidence

60.

what is the term used to describe the type of

outbreak within a given number of people
with a particular disease, at a given location,
at any given time?

endemic
cluster
epidemic

33.

37.

40.

41.

outbreaks of contaminates foods such

as meats, fresh veggies, are now
considered a problem of epidemic
proportion within the USA; what is
the most often reported source of
these outbreaks?

e coli O157H7

43.

pandemic

crossing boarders

44.

presently, what type of organism

seems to produce the most severe
form of sexually transmitted disease?

viruses

45.

prevalence

total cases

61.

salmonellae

46.

the productivity of a country, its GNP,

can be an indirect measure of what
feature of its general population?

education
(health)

what microorganism is responsible for most

of the food risks associated with poultry?

62.

what organism is used to measure the safety

(potable water) of drinking water?

e. coli

47.

refugees, worldwide, can sometimes

become mixed and not recognized
within what other group?

migrant workers
homeless
prisoners
(all of these)

63.

what preservation method for meat, kills

fewer bacterial cells but prevents them from
growing?

freezing

64.

48.

select the current emerging disease

that is transmitted by a vector-borne
mechanism

lyme's

what refugees from a war torn country are

forced to live "on the move" their death rates
is altered by the stress, what is the impact on
the death rate?>

about six
times
normal

42.

65.

what term is used when you know from

experience-the expected number of disease
from one year to another

endemic

83.

within developing nations, what is most

important for controlling infectious diseases?

clean
drinking
water

66.

what time period ushered in the beginning of

the major decreases associated with
crowding and poverty within european and
US cities?

1800

84.

within the paper on health and wealth of

nations-what is a primary benefit of creating
wealth within the population?

creating
jobs

67.

what type of vaccine has the ability to "revert

to wild type"?

polio
(live but
attenuated)

68.

what type of vaccine is made from isolating

the protein (toxin from tetanus for example)
and making in inactive with formalin?

toxoid

69.

what type of viral diseases is considered the

less likely to shift or drift in their genetic
code?

DNAds

70.

What was component present on vaccines

that it's already removed?

Thimerosal

71.

what would be a vaccine that is homologous

to another organism?

smallpox

72.

when a vaccine is given to a population what

is the desires level of participants to establish
"herd immunity"?

70%

73.

when considering the cost burden of the

urban homeless-what was the estimate per
homeless in NYC?

41,000

74.

when discussing the yearly influenza virus,

which visits the US, what antigen making up
the virus is also an enzyme?

75.

when people die in a refugee camp because

of poor conditions-what is the most likely
source of the risk-leading to high death
rates?

water

76.

where in the sewage treatment plant is the

BOD level at its greatest value?

secondary

77.

which disease has almost been eradicated

from the USA mainly by the use of vaccines?

measles

78.

which of the following is generally

considered to have been the single most
devastating epidemic recorded?

the flu of
1917

79.

Which stage AD patient start losing

independency?

Moderate
dementia

80.

while the local city and state laws are the

main legal leverage for enacting public
health rules; federal laws are established at
what level?

constitution

81.

Who discovered vaccination?

Edward
Jenner

82.

who is created with writing the first code of

hygiene in the year 1500 BC?

hebrews