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Bangladesh, with its 160 million people in a land mass of 147,570sq km is an emerging
economy of South Asia successfully maintaining sustained economic growth of least 6%
since last decade resulted a considerable high electricity demand each year. However, the
demand could never been met due to inadequate generation addition in the past. Load
shedding had been increased. Moreover, outstripping electricity demand-supply gap has been
constraining further economic progress as required to move ahead middle class economy.
Recognizing this fact the present government has prioritized this sector right from the
election manifesto. As per election manifesto of the present government electricity generation
in the country would be 7000 MW by the year 2013, 8000 MW by 2015 and 20,000 MW by
the year 2021. The government has already declared its vision for power sector which has
gone far beyond that. In order to fulfill the vision the government has planned to generate
additional 15,000 MW electricity within 2016 under short, medium and long term which is
even much higher than the target set in the election manifesto. In the government's Road Map
due importance was given on the renewable energy.
Power generation in Bangladesh was mono-fuel dependent, i.e. indigenous natural gas since
2009 considering its apparent huge availability. About 89% of generated power comes from
natural gas and the rest is from liquid fuel, coal and hydropower. The present share of
renewable energy is only 0.5%.
However, in recent years, it was evident that actual scenario is other way round and adequate
supply of natural gas has been at stake due to depleting existing gas reserves and nonexploration of new gas reserves. The uncertainty has been constraining development of
further gas based power generation expansion program. Taking this into cognizance the
government has diversified the fuel mix and under the new generation expansion plan
substantial proportion is from liquid and coal based. In that case the above scenario will be
drastically changed. Development of renewable energy is one of the important strategies
adopted
as
part
of
Fuel
Diversification
Program
Under the existing generation scenario renewable energy has a very small share to the total
generation. However, under the changed perspective renewable energy would have a
significant contribution given the global climate change scenario and carbon trading prospect.
According to a survey, there is an existing market size of 1 million households for Solar
Home Systems (SHS) on a fee-for-service basis in the off-grid areas of Bangladesh. At
present the national grid is serving only 50% of the nearly 10,000 rural markets and
commercial centres in the country which are excellent market for centralized solar
photovoltaic plants. Throughout the country, different government administrative offices,
NGO offices, Health Centers, Schools, banks, police stations etc are functioning. In the offgrid locations, these offices are either using traditional means (lantern, candles, kerosene
wick lamps etc.) or operating their own diesel gensets.
However, potential of other renewable resources is still at the exploration stage. Potential of
Wind Energy is mainly in coastal areas and offshore islands and to determine extent of
potential wind resource mapping project is in process. Some of the development partners and
companies come forward for wind mapping in different parts of the country.
Bangladesh has strong potentialfor biomass gasification based electricity. More common
biomass resources available in the country are rice husk, crop residue, wood, jute stick,
animal waste, municipal waste, sugarcane bagasse etc. Exploration of these resources for
electricity generation is still at preliminary stage.Potentials for utilizing biogas technologies
derived mainly from animal, kitchen and municipal wastes may be one of the promising
renewable energy resources for Bangladesh.
Micro hydro and mini hydro have limited potential in Bangladesh with exception of
Chittagong Hill Tracts. Hydropower assessments have identified some possible sites from 10
kW to 5 MW implementation of which is still at large.
Other renewable energy sources include bio-fuels, gasohol, geothermal, river current, wave
and tidal energy. Potentialities of these resources are yet to be explored.
Resources
Potential
Entities Involved
Solar
Enormous
Wind
Hydro
husk
per kWh
consumption
Category
Achievement
SHS
45 MW
Wind Energy
2 MW
<1 MW
1 MW
Total
50 MW
In a developing country like Bangladesh where meeting generation shortage is the primary
priority, least cost generation technologies always rule the generation planning.
Unfortunately, renewable energy cannot compete to achieve grid parity at the moment.
Government incentives like FiT can enhance the development process, but it is always
difficult to source fund for such incentives especially under present tariff rationalization
structure. Only a comprehensive large scale program with support to buy-down the cost of
intervention can pave the way for Renewable Energy development.
5. Prevailing Renewable Energy Development Program
In line with the Government's Renewable Energy Policy, govt. has plan to develop at least
500 MW power from renewable energy by 2015. Expected Public Sector Participation in
program is:
Total Capacity
Solar
25 MW
Wind
235 MW
Total
260 MW
Average
Capacity
Unit
Target
Total Capacity
50 W
3 million
150 MW
2.6 m3
100,000
40 MW
50 KW
10
1 MW
8 KW
750
6 MW
20 KW
300
6 MW
200 KW
15
3 MW
Total
206 MW
9. Govt. has exempted income tax for next 5 years from commercial production from
RE.
Government has recently initiated 500MW Solar power programme with the inspiration and
support of ADB.
Introduction
Government has set up the goal of providing electricity to all by 2020 and to
ensure
reliable and quality supply of electricity at a reasonable and affordable price. Sustainable
social and economic development depends on adequate power generation capacity of a
country. There is no other way for accelerating development except to increase the power
generation by fuel diversification. Development of Renewable Energy is one of the important
strategies adopted as part of Fuel Diversification Program. In line with the Renewable Energy
policy 2009, the Government is committed to facilitate both public and private sector
investment in Renewable Energy projects to substitute indigenous non- renewable energy
supplies and scale up contributions of existing Renewable Energy based electricity
productions. The Renewable Energy Policy envisions that 5% of total energy production will
have to be achieved by 2015 and 10% by 2020. To achieve this target, GOB is looking for
various options preferably Renewable Energy resources. Under the existing generation
scenario of Bangladesh, Renewable Energy has a very small share to the total generation. The
share of Renewable Energy exceeds more than 1% till now. The present Government is
placing priority on developing Renewable Energy resources to improve energy security and
to establish a sustainable energy regime alongside of conventional energy sources.
Government has already launched "500 MW Solar Power Mission" to promote the use of
Renewable Energy to meet the increasing demand of electricity.
Background
Government of Bangladesh has taken a systematic approach towards renewable energy
development. In line with the Government approach Bangladesh Power Development Board
formed the Directorate of Renewable Energy and Research & Development in 2010. Since
the very beginning of establishment the directorate is dedicated to keep a sign for the
enhancement of Renewable Energy use in power sector. There is a good scope for solar,
wind, biomass, micro/mini hydro power generation in Bangladesh. BPDB has taken
systematic steps for developing Renewable Energy projects as well as implement and
promote Energy Efficiency Measures for the last few years to achieve the target of the
Renewable Energy Policy 2008. The directorate is established for feasibility study, planning,
evaluation, examination, monitoring of such projects and to perform necessary research based
works in relative fields. Present manpower of the directorate consists of the director, two
deputy director, five assistant engineers and six staffs.
In the fiscal year 2008-09, BPDB implemented another two solar electrification projects in
Angoorpota and Dohogram Chit Mohol. Under this program, BPDB implemented 2 sets
Solar Home
System of 50Wp each, 2 sets Solar Home System of 80Wp each and 8 sets
Solar Home System of 100Wp each. A total of 1.06 kWp Solar PV Systems have been
installed in Angoorpota and Dohogram Chitmohol.
BPDB implemented 20.16 KWp Solar PV System and that was inaugurated by Prime
Minister at the Office of the Prime Minister on December 2009.
Major solar PV systems implemented by BPDB in the fiscal year 2010-2011 are as follows:
32.75 kWp at WAPDA Building, Motjheeel.
2.82 kWp at Chairman Banglo, BPDB.
6 kWp at Agrabad Bidyut Bhaban, Chittagong.
1.8 kWp at Cox's BPDB Rest House.
Major solar PV systems implemented in the fiscal year 2011-2012 are as follows:
37.5 kWp Solar Roof Top System on15th floor of Bidyut Bhaban.
3 kWp at PC Pole Factory, Chittagong.
3 kWp at Khagrachori BPDB Rest House.
Ongoing Projects
v 650 KWp (400 kW load) Solar Mini Grid Power Plant at remote Haor area of Sullah
upazila in Sunamgonj district under Climate Change Trust Fund (CCTF) on turnkey
basis.
v 8 MWp Grid Connected Solar PV Power Plant at Kaptai Hydro Power Station,at
Rangamati on turnkey basis.
v 3 MWp Grid Connected Solar PV Power Plant at Sharishabari, Jamalpur on IPP basis.
v 30 MWp Solar Park Project adjacent to new Dhorola Bridge, Kurigram on IPP basis.
v Solar Street Lighting Projects in seven (7) City Corporations of the country.
N.B Installation of Solar Roof Top Systems in all BPDB offices across the country is
a continuous process. More than 223 kWp solar PV systems have already been
installed and installations of about 407 kW p solar PV systems are under
planning/implementing stages.
v Conversion of existing 37.5 kWp Solar System installed on the rooftop of Bidyut
Bhaban into 37.5 kWp Grid Tied Solar System
v Conversion of existing 32.75 kWp Solar System installed on the rooftop of WAPDA
Bhaban into 32.75 kWp Grid Tied Solar System
v Rehabilitation of 10 KWp Solar Power Plant at the Barkal upazilla sadar of Rangamati
district.
BPDB has planned to install Grid Connected Solar PV Power Plant on IPP basis such
asi) 1 MW Grid Connected Solar Power Plant at Regional Training Centre (RTC),
Rajshahi.
ii) 500 kWp Grid Tied Solar System at 33/11 kV substation's compound of former
Hajigonj Electric Supply, Chandpur.
BPDB has planned to install Solar Mini Grid Power Plant on turnkey basis under
Climate Change Trust Fund (CCTF) at remote and inaccessible areas such asi) 500 kW Solar Mini Grid Power Plant at Swandip Upazila of Chittagong district.
ii) 500 kW Solar Mini Grid Power Plant at Thanchi Upazila of Bandarban district.
BPDB has planned to implement Solar Park Projects on IPP/PPP basis under the
Roadmap of ADBs 500 MW Solar Power Mission such asi) Rangunia 60 MW Solar Park Project on IPP basis at Karnafuli river side, Rangunia,
Chittagong
ii) 40-45 MW Solar Park Project adjacent to Bangabandhu Bridge,Tangail and
Sirajgonj area.
iii) 2-3 MW Solar Park Project adjacent to PGCB Grid Sub-station compound,
Ishwardi.
iv) 1-2 MW Solar Park Project adjacent to PGCB Grid Sub-station compound,
Jhenaidaha.
Implemented Projects
The potential of wind energy is limited to coastal areas, off-shore islands, rivers sides and
other inland open areas with strong wind regime. In order to generate electricity from Wind
Energy, BPDB installed 4x225 KW = 900 KW capacity grid connected Wind Plant at Muhuri
Dam area of Sonagazi in Feni.
Another project of 1000 KW Wind Battery Hybrid Power Plant at Kutubdia Island was
completed in 2008 which consists of 50 Wind Turbines of 20 kW capacity each.
Ongoing Projects
Repairing work of the existing 900 kW grid connected Wind Power Project at Muhuri
Dam of Sonagazi in Feni is going on.
Repair and operation & maintenance of the existing Kutubdia 1000 kW Wind Battery
Hybrid Power Project is underway
Steps have been taken to install 15 MW Wind Power Plant across the coastal regions of
Bangladesh after 1 year Wind Resources Assessment in Muhuri Dam Area of Feni,
Mognamaghat of Coxsbazar, Parky Beach of Anwara in Chittagong, Kepupara of
Borguna and Kuakata of Patuakhali. Wind Mapping is going on at Muhuri Dam area
of Feni and at Mognamaghat of Coxsbazar by Regen Powertech Ltd. of India.
Installation of Wind Monitoring Stations at Inani Beach of Cox'sbazar, Parky Beach of
Anwara, Sitakundu of Chittagong and at Chandpur under USAID TA project is
underway
Projects under Planning
BPDB has planned to implement 50-200 MW Wind Power Project at Parky Beach area,
Anawara in Chittagong on IPP basis.
Power Division and BPDB have primarily identified 22 potential sites for Wind
Resource Mapping in Bangladesh. Wind monitoring stations will be installed at these
sites for comprehensive Wind Resource Assessment (WRA).
BPDB has also plan to expand On-shore Wind Power Plants along the coastline of
coastal regions of Bangladesh.
Hybrid Projects
Ongoing Projects
7.5 MW off Grid Wind-Solar Hybrid System with HFO/Diesel Based Engine Driven
Generator in Hatiya Island, Noakhali.
Micro/ mini-hydro have limited potential in Bangladesh with exception of Chittagong Hill
Tracts
region. A 50 kW micro-hydro plant was installed at Barkal Upazila of
Rangamati district in 2005.
Ongoing Projects
50-70 kW Mohamaya Irrigation-cum-Hydro Power Project at Mirersorai, Chittagong.
Rehabilation of 50 kW Micro-Hydro Power Plant at Barkal Upazila of Rangamati
district.