Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2.
Universalizing Religions
3.
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5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Half of the worlds Muslims live in the Middle East. The other half
live in 4 countries outside the Middle East. Name them.
Give the percentage of each of Islams 2 greatest branches: Sunni
& Shiite (Shia).
10.
11.
12. Complete this chart dividing Buddhism into its 3 main branches.
Branch
% of Global
Regions of Predominance
Buddhist
Population
13.
Ethnic Religions
14.
15.
Make a note or two (that seem of geographic interest) about each of the
following ethnic religion listed in #s 16 20.
16.
Confucianism:
17.
Daoism:
18.
Shintoism:
19.
Judaism:
20.
Animism:
Complete the chart below describing the origins and branches of the
major universalizing religions.
Christianity
Islam
Buddhism
Year of Origin
Founder
Major Branches &
Main Belief of
Each Branch
Regarding Hinduism
2.
3.
4.
5.
Diffusion of Religions
6.
7.
8.
9.
Regarding Judaism
10.
11.
12.
13.
Holy Places
14.
What is a pilgrimage?
15.
Read the section Holy Places and make notes on 3 case studies:
Buddhism, Islam & Hinduism.
Holy Sites
Buddhist
Islamic
Hindu
The Calendar
16.
17.
How is the Jewish calendar typical of the ethnic use of the calendar?
18.
19.
Both the Jewish and the Muslims use a lunar calendar, yet in a
different way and with very different results. Explain.
20.
21.
22.
Places of Worship
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
How are Hindu temples different than both churches and mosques?
7.
8.
9.
10.
Sacred Space
11.
Christian practice burial of the dead. Complete the flow chart below
to indicate the history of this practice.
12.
Complete the chart below with brief notes on the disposal of the
dead in ways other than burial.
Hindus
Parsis
Micronesi
a
13.
Utopian
Settlements
Salt Lake City,
Utah
Puritans
Administration of Space
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Autonomous Religions
Hierarchical Religions
2.
3.
4.
5.
Communism:
6.
7.
8.
Define fundamentalism:
10.
11.
12.
13.
What 3 religions are in constant conflict over the land in the Middle
East?
14.
15.
Region of Predominance
N.E. Africa
N.E. Africa
Lebanon, Armenia, northeastern
Turkey & western Azerbaijan
Lebanon
Utah & surrounding states
8. Half of the worlds Muslims live in the Middle East. The other half live
in 4 countries outside the Middle East. Name them.
Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh & India
9. Give the percentage of each of Islams 2 greatest branches: Sunni &
Shiite (Shia). Sunni 83%
Shiite 16%
10.
Only in 5 countries do Shiite Muslims number more than Sunni.
What are they? Iran, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Oman & Bahrain
11.
Buddhism is built around Four Noble Truths as taught by the
Buddha. Summarize them.
1. All living beings must endure suffering; 2. Suffering leads to
reincarnation; 3. Goal is to reach Nirvana through moral &
mental self-purification; 4. Nirvana is achieved through
Eightfold Path
12.
Branch
Mahayana
Theraveda
% of Global
Buddhist
Population
56%
38%
Tantrayana
6%
Regions of Predominance
China, Japan & Korea
Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar,
Thailand & Sri Lanka
Tibet & Mongolia
13.
Why are Buddhists difficult to count?
Only a few people participate in Buddhist institutions; not a
formal religious system
Ethnic Religions
14.
Where are Hindus concentrated? What percent of all Hindus live
there?
97% of all Hindus live in India
15.
Where are most of the rest?
Nepal
Make a note or two (that seem of geographic interest) about each of the
following ethnic religion listed in #s 16 20.
16.
Confucianism:
Ethnic religion begun by Confucius in Chinese province of Lu;
teaches ethical principles of following tradition, fulfilling
obligations & treating others with sympathy & respect.
17.
Daoism:
Begun by Lao-Zi & emphasizes mystical & magical aspects of
life not importance of public service
18.
Shintoism:
Ethnic religion of Japan; was official state religion until end of
Christianity
4 BC 30 AD
Jesus
Islam
6th Century
Muhammad
Sunni
Quran
Shiite
Quran
**Disagreement
over line of
succession of
Islamic leadership
is major
difference
Buddhism
5th Century BC
Siddhartha
Gautama
Theravada
To become good
Buddhist one
must renounce
worldly goods &
become a monk
Mahayana
Emphasize
teaching,
compassion &
helping others
Protestantism
Salvation
achieved thru
direct
communication
with God & faith
Regarding Hinduism
2. How was its origin different than universalizing religions?
Didnt originate with s a specific founder
3. When did it originate?
6th century B.C.
4. Where did it originate?
India
5. What 2 ancient peoples beliefs blended to form Hinduism?
Aryans & Dravidians
Diffusion of Religions
6. Give 3 explanations for the diffusion of Christianity.
1. Relocation diffusion by missionaries from Palestine; 2.
Contagious diffusion by daily contact between believers & nonbelievers; 3. Hierarchical diffusion thru acceptance by the
emperor
7. Give 3 ways in which Islam spread.
1. Conquering land in Palestine, Persia & India; 2. Relocation
diffusion by missionaries in Sub-Saharan Africa & S.E. Asia; 3.
Arab traders in Indonesia
8. Give 2 reasons for the expansion of Buddhism.
1. Missionaries in Ceylon; 2. Merchant traders to China
9. Provide 3 examples of cases in which religions, or religious practices,
have blended.
Religions Which Have Blended
Christianity & African religions
Buddhism & Shintoism
Hinduism, Islam & Christianity
Location
Equatorial Guinea, Namibia &
other African countries
Japan
Island of Mauritius
Regarding Judaism
10.
How is its distribution very different from other ethnic religions?
Its practiced in many countries; not just place of origin
11.
What was the diaspora?
When Romans forced Jews out of the Mediterranean
12.
How were most Jews treated as they lived among other
nationalities?
Many Jews were persecuted; forced to live segregated
13.
What is the origin of the term ghetto?
Neighborhood set up by law where Jews were required to live
Holy Places
14.
What is a pilgrimage?
Journey for religious purposes to a place considered sacred
15.
Read the section Holy Places and make notes on 3 case studies:
Buddhism, Islam & Hinduism.
Holy Sites
Important because theyre located where 8
particular events happened in Buddhas life;
Most located in northeastern India & southern
Nepal; Lumbini is most important (Buddhas
birthplace)
Makkah (Mecca) birth place of Muhammad;
Kaba is religious shrine in center of Mecca
housing black stone given to Muhammad by
Gabriel; Median tomb of Muhammad; Every
Muslim is expected to make hajj to Mecca
Places of importance are rivers & coastlines;
Tirtha (pilgrimage) are acts of purification;
Shrines are established by tradition, not
doctrine; Hindus believe Ganges River is for
purification; Mt. Kailas important (Siva lives
there)
Buddhist
Islamic
Hindu
The Calendar
16.
17.
How is the Jewish calendar typical of the ethnic use of the
calendar?
Holidays are based on agricultural events as well.
18.
What is the solstice?
Astronomical event that happens in June & December resulting
relics
10.
Formal worship in a pagoda is not typical. Where does it usually
take place?
At adjacent temple, monastery or at home
Sacred Space
11.
Christian practice burial of the dead. Complete the flow chart
below to indicate the history of this practice.
Catacombs in ancient Rome when Christianity was illegal
Use of cremation
Exposure of dead to scavenging birds & animals
Disposal of body at sea
13.
Complete the chart below with brief notes on the religious
settlements indicated.
Utopian
Settlements
Salt Lake City,
Utah
Puritans
Administration of Space
14.
Define hierarchical religion:
Has well defined geographic structure & organizes territory
Hierarchical Religions
Roman Catholic
Episcopalian
Lutheran
Methodist
Israeli Perspective
- Sees themselves as a small
country with Jewish majority
surrounded by hostile Muslims
- Israel maintains military control