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Use: Habits, things in general, something which happens all the time or repeatedly or a
general truth or fact.
Structure:
a) All verbs except to be, have got and modals:
Adverbs of frequency: They are used with the present simple. They are placed
before the main verb except when they go with the verb to be, they are placed after
the verb to be:
Verb
Use: things we are doing at the moment of speaking, or something that we have started
but havent finished yet: Tom is reading a book at the moment (not now, but these
days). Things happening during a period around now, and that are not finished. Things
happening around now: Your English is getting better
Auxiliary: no auxiliary
Structure:
a) All verbs ( No auxiliary because we have the verb to be)
Example:
Note: Remember that this tense can also be used with a future meaning
when we are talking about plans, things that are about to happen:
Like, love, hate, want, need, prefer, know, realise, suppose, mean, understand, believe, remember,
belong, contain, consist, depend and seem.
Form: Regular verbs verb + -ed for all persons./ Irregular verbs.
Structure:
a) All verbs except to be, have got and modals:
Example:
Use: past actions that were taking place when something else happened. Somebody was
in the middle of doing something at a certain time, the action or situation had already
started before this time but had not finished.
Interruption (past simple) : ...when the telephone rang
Past continuous
I was eating...
Auxiliary: no auxiliary
now
Structure:
a) All verbs ( No auxiliary because we have the verb to be)
Last Summer we were travelling to London but we missed the train. (a plan made
beforehand but we couldnt go)
Use: Past actions which are unfinished. Remember that the present perfect is a present
tense. Actions that began in the past but are still happening in the present, actions that
have a connection with the present. It is used for a period of time that continues from the
Form: verb have + Past participle (regular verbs +ed and irregular verbs 3rd column.
Auxiliary: no auxiliary
Structure:
a) All verbs:
Example:
nowadays.
The present perfect is often used with just, already and yet:
-
Structure:
a) All verbs:
Example:
Use: planned future actions, Ive already decided to do something (definite plan for the
future). Things that are about or beginning to happen (prediction for the present). (see
the present continuous also which is used also when we say what we have arranged)
Auxiliary: no auxiliary
Structure:
a) All verbs:
Example:
Use: future actions that will take place and will have finished before
another future action. We say that something will have been
completed by a certain time in the future.
Auxiliary: no auxiliary
Structure:
a) All verbs:
I will have been doing the homework for two hours by the time you arrive
Use: We use the present perfect continuous for an action that has
recently stopped or has just stopped, we still have a connection with
the present. It can be used as well for actions repeated over a period
of time.
Auxiliary: no auxiliary
Structure:
a) All verbs:
Affirmative: Subject+have/has+been+Verb-ing+Complements.
+ Complements
Complements?
Example:
Use: The past perfect is used to talk about a past action, completely
finished but which took place before another past action.
Auxiliary: no auxiliary
Structure:
a) All verbs:
Affirmative:
Complements.
Complements
Complements?
Example: When Sara arrived at the party, Paul had already gone home.
Use: We use the past perfect continuous to talk about something had
been that happened during a period of time in the past but before
Auxiliary: no auxiliary
Structure:
a) All verbs:
Complements
Interrogative:
Complements?
Example:
for
30 years.
He was out of breath, he had been running.