NSE 6028/ ME 6113:

Energy Engineering
Presented By

A. Hossain
Major Md. Altab Hossain, PhD, CEng (UK), MIMechE (UK), FIEB
Associate Professor & Head, NSE Dept.
Military Institute of Science & Technology (MIST)
Email: head@nse.mist.ac.bd, altab76@gmail.com
Cell: 01769024174, 01731734481

NSE 6028/ ME 6113:

Energy Engineering
Class Test:
Term Paper:
Presentation:

Marks 25
Marks 35
Marks 15

Attendance/Observation:

Marks 45

Continuous Assessment:

Marks 120

(Assignment 50 + Presentation 25 + Attendance 45)

Final Exam: 180 (6 Questions@ 30 Marks)

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NSE 6028/ ME 6113: Energy Engineering

Reference books:
Handbook of Energy Engineering by Paul Mehta and Albert Thumann,
6th Edition, 2008, CRC Press.
Energy Management Handbook by Steve Doty and Wayne C. Turner,
8th Edition, Nov 7, 2012.
Handbook of Energy Engineering Calculations by Tyler Hicks, 2012,
McGraw-Hill.
Energy Efficiency: Towards the End of Demand Growth by Fereidoon
P. Sioshansi, 2013 Elsevier Inc.
Energy Efficiency: Principles and Practices by Penni McLean-Conner,
Jan 1, 2009, PennWell Books.
Principles of Energy Conversion by Archie W. Culp, Jr, 2nd Edition,
2001,Tata-McHraw-Hill.
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NSE 6028/ ME 6113: Energy Engineering

Sources of energy ----- WK 1
Energy consumption patterns: Life-cycle cost
calculations ---- WK 1-3
Energy demand forecasting ------ WK 4-7 (Test)
Energy conversion methods ------ WK 8
Energy use in industry, residential, commercial,
and transport sector and its future trend ----- WK 9
Energy efficiency, Energy management and
conservation ----- WK 10-13 (Term Paper &
Presenttation)
Impacts of energy utilization on Environment-4
WK 14

Energy Engineering
Specific Questions:
What are the current and projected BD
energy (fuel + electricity) demands?
How is the demand for electricity currently
being generated? In the future?

What contribution can renewable energy

make to future fuel and electricity needs?
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Energy: Different forms

Mechanical Energy:
Defined as energy which can be used to raise a
weight.
Can be easily and efficiently converted into
other energy forms.

Electrical Energy:
Defined as that class of energy associated with
the flow or accumulation of electrons.
Large quantities of electrical energy are
transferred over long distances with the use of
high-voltage transmission lines.
Can be converted into other energy forms.
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Energy: Different forms

Electromagnetic Energy:
Defined as that form of energy associated with
electromagnetic radiation.
Extensively employed in nuclear energy study.
Chemical Energy:
Defined as energy that is released as the result
of electron interactions in which
two or more atoms and/or molecules
combine to produce a more stable chemical
compound.
Commonly reported in the units of energy per
unit mass or mole of fuel reactant.
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Energy: Different forms

Nuclear Energy:
Defined as energy that is released as the result
of particle interactions with or within the
atomic nucleus.
Energy is released as the result of the product
particles assuming a more stable configuration,
and is usually reported in units of MeV per
reaction.
Thermal Energy:
Defined as energy associated with atomic and
molecular vibration.
Is a basic energy form in that all other energy
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forms and transitional form is heat.

Energy Measurement
Units

BTUs
Calories
kWh
Joules

One can be converted to another if

the conversion factor is known.
Conversion Factors:
1055 Joules = 1 Btu,
1 Calorie = 1,000 calories
1kWh = 3,412 Btus

Energy Transformations
Che mical
to Ele ctricity

Che mical
Energy

Oil

Sound and
Light

Che mical
to Ele ctrical
Energy

Kinetic Energy
Che mical ene rgy
to Work
10

Energy Sources:

Biomass Firewood
Draft animals
Wind/water mills
Solar heat and photovoltaic
Fossil carbon coal, oil, gas, tar & shale
Nuclear Energy
Fusion
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1) Characteristics of a good source of fuel :i) It should have a high energy output per unit mass or volume.
ii) It should be easily available.
iii) It should be easy to store and transport.
iv) It should be economical.

2) Sources of energy :There are two main sources of energy. They are conventional and
non conventional sources of energy.

i) Conventional sources of energy :- are wood, flowing water

and fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, natural gas).

ii) Non conventional sources of energy :- are solar energy, wind

energy, biomass energy, ocean energy (tidal energy, wave energy,
ocean thermal energy), geothermal energy, nuclear energy etc.
Some sources of energy are renewable like sun, wind, flowing water,
ocean, wood, biomass etc.
Some sources of energy are non renewable like coal, petroleum and
natural gas.

3. Conventional sources of energy :a) Fossil fuels :- are fuels formed inside the earth from the
remains of plants and animals after millions of years. The
fossil fuels are coal, petroleum and natural gas. Fossil
fuels are non renewable sources of energy so they
should be conserved and used judiciously.
Disadvantages of fossil fuels :i) Burning of fossil fuels release gases and harmful
particles which causes air pollution.
ii) Burning of fossil fuels release acidic oxides of sulphur
and nitrogen which causes acid rain which is harmful for
living organisms, affects soil and water, causes damage
to buildings, corrosion of metals etc.
iii) Burning of fossil fuels release a large amount of carbon
dioxide gas which increases the temperature of the
atmosphere and causes global warming (green house
effect).

b) Thermal power plants :In thermal power plants the heat energy produced by burning fossil
fuels like coal, petroleum or natural gas is used to heat water and
change it into steam which rotates the turbines of generators to produce
electricity.

c) Hydro power plants :In hydro power plants water from rivers are stored by constructing
dams. The water from the dam flows down through pipes and rotates the
turbines of generators to produce electricity.
Advantages :i) Flowing water is a renewable source of energy.
ii) The electricity produced does not cause pollution.
iii) The water stored in dams can also be used to control floods and
for irrigation.
Disadvantages :i) The initial cost is high.
ii) Large areas of land gets submerged and the decomposition of
vegetation produces methane gas which is a green house gas.
iii) It causes displacement of people from large areas of land.

THERMAL POWER PLANT

d) Biomass energy :The waste materials and dead parts of living things are
called biomass. Eg :- wood, animal dung, vegetable waste,
agricultural waste, sewage etc. Biomass is decomposed
by anaerobic microorganisms to produce biogas.
Biogas is a mixture of gases containing methane, carbon
dioxide, hydrogen and hydrogen sulphide.

Biogas plant :The biogas plant has a large underground tank made of bricks and
cement. The lower part is the digester and the upper part has a dome
with a gas outlet. On one side of the tank above the ground is a mixing
tank and on the other side is an overflow tank.
Animal dung is mixed with water in the mixing tank and the slurry is
sent into the digester. In the digester the slurry is decomposed by
anaerobic microorganisms and after a few days biogas is produced.
The gas is taken out through the gas outlet and used for heating and
lighting purposes. The slurry left behind is rich in nitrogen and
phosphorus and is used as manure for crops.

FIXED DOME TYPE BIOGAS PLANT

e) Wind energy :Wind energy is used in wind mills which converts the
kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical or electrical
energy. The kinetic energy of wind can be used to do
mechanical work like lifting water from wells or grinding
grains in flour mills. It can also be used to rotate the
turbines of generators to produce electricity.
A single wind mill produces only a small amount of
electricity. So a large number of wind mills in a large area
are coupled together to produce more electricity in wind
energy farms.
Advantages :i) It is a renewable source of energy.
ii) It does not cause pollution.
iii) The recurring cost is less.
Disadvantages :i) Wind is not available at all times.
ii) It requires a large area of land.
iii) A minimum wind speed of 15 km/h is required.

WIND MILL

WIND ENERGY FARM

4) Non conventional sources of energy :a) Solar energy :Solar energy is the energy obtained from the sun in the form of heat
and light. The heat energy is used in solar heating devices like solar
cooker, solar water heater, solar furnaces etc. The light energy is used
in solar cells.

i) Solar cooker :The box type solar cooker has an insulated box painted black inside.
It is covered by a glass plate which allows heat to enter inside but does
not allow heat to escape out. It has a mirror to reflect more sunlight into
the box. The food to be cooked is kept in containers inside the box It can
produce a temperature of 100 to 140.

ii) Solar water heater :A solar water heater has an insulated box painted black inside with a
system of copper tubes. It is covered with a glass plate which allows
heat to enter inside but does not allow heat to escape out. When water
flows through the copper tube it absorbs heat and becomes hot.

iii) Solar cells :Solar cell is a device which converts solar energy into electrical
energy. Solar cells are made from semi conductors like silicon,
germanium, gallium etc. A single solar cell produces a voltage of about
0.5 to 1 V and produces about 0.7 W electricity. So several solar cells
are arranged in a solar panel to produce more electricity.
Advantages :i) It uses renewable source of energy.
ii) It produces electricity which does not cause pollution.
iii) It can be used in remote areas where there is no power supply.
Disadvantages :i) It uses a special grade of silicon which is expensive.
ii) Since silver is used for connecting the cells together it is more
expensive.
iii) The current produced is DC and to convert it to AC increases the
cost.

BOX TYPE SOLAR COOKER

SOLAR WATER HEATER

SOLAR CELL

SOLAR
PANELS

SOLAR LAMP

b) Energy from the sea :Energy from the sea is obtained in three different forms. They are
Tidal energy, Sea wave energy and Ocean thermal energy.

i) Tidal energy :The periodic rise and fall of sea level due to gravitational attraction of
the moon causes tides. A dam is constructed at a narrow opening
between the land and sea. The movement of water during high tide and
low tide can be used to rotate the turbines of generators to produce
electricity.

ii) Sea wave energy :When strong wind blows over the sea it produces huge waves. The
kinetic energy of the moving waves can be used to rotate the turbines
of generators to produce electricity.

iii) Ocean thermal energy :There is a temperature difference between the warm surface water and
the cold water at the bottom of the oceans. This difference is about
20C. The warm surface water is used to boil liquid ammonia and the
vapour is used to rotate the turbines of generators to produce
electricity. The cold water from the bottom is then pumped up to cool
the vapour back to liquid.

TIDAL
ENERGY

SEA WAVE
ENERGY

OCEAN THERMAL
ENERGY

c) Geothermal energy :The deeper regions of the earths crust is very hot. This heat melts
rocks and forms magma. The magma moves up and collects below at
some places called Hot spots. The underground water in contact with
hot spot gets heated into steam at high pressure. By drilling holes into
hot spots the steam coming out can be used to rotate turbines of
generators to produce electricity.

d) Nuclear energy :Nuclear energy is the energy is the energy released during nuclear reactions.
During nuclear reactions some mass is converted into energy and so a very
large amount of energy is produced during nuclear reactions.
Nuclear reactions are of two types. They are Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.
i) Nuclear fission :- is a nuclear reaction in which the nucleus of a heavy atom
like uranium, plutonium, etc. splits into smaller nuclei with the release of a large
amount of energy. It is used to make atom bombs and to produce electricity.
In a nuclear power plant the heat energy produced by a controlled nuclear
fission chain reaction is used to produce steam which rotates the turbines of
generators to produce electricity.
ii) Nuclear fusion :- is a nuclear reaction in which small nuclei fuse together to
form a heavier nucleus with the release of a very large amount of energy. The
energy of sun is produced by the fusion of hydrogen nuclei to form helium
nucleus. It is also used to make the hydrogen bomb.
Advantages of nuclear energy :i) It produces a very large amount of energy per unit mass than any other
source of energy.
ii) If safety measures are taken, it is more environment friendly than fossil fuels.
Disadvantages of nuclear energy :i) The cost of a nuclear reactor is very high.
ii) The availability of nuclear fuel is limited.
iii) Nuclear reactors produce harmful nuclear wastes which is difficult to
dispose.

NUCLEAR
FISSION

NUCLEAR FISSION CHAIN

REACTION

NUCLEAR FUSION

NUCLEAR FUSION

ENERGY CONSUMPTION

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Any Questions?

Questions/Comments/Discussion

Close your eyes and smile at least once a day!

THANK YOU
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