OIL & GAS PIPELINE

TECHNOLOGY

General Considerations

3-1

Corrosion Protection and Control

of Oil and Gas Pipeline System
Understanding these factors is helpful to permit the designer and/or
user to:
1. Determine the ability of specific material to resist attack
2. Design
g the system
y
to p
prevent attack
3. Design the system to reduce the rate of attack to an
acceptable level when it is not possible to eliminate attack
completely
The problem to be handled such as : Passivation,
Passivation Galvanic Corrosion,
Corrosion
Stress Corrosion Cracking , Intergranular Corrosion etc.
3-2

Operating Pressures
and Operating Temperatures
Allowable
All
bl operating
ti pressures and
d temperatures
t
t
off seamless
l
or welded
ld d
corrosion-resistant metallic piping system are calculated by the following
formula :

2SET
P =
D o 2yt
where :
P
S
Do
E

=
=
=
=

IInternal
t
lD
Design
i Pressure,
P
psig
i
Applicable allowable stress, psi
Outside Diameter (inches)
Longitudinal weld-joint factor =1
=1.0
0 (for seamless pipe)
3-3

T
tm

=
=

C
Y

=
=

tm C = Design thickness in inches

minimum
i i
required
i d thickness,
thickness
hi k
satisfying
i f i requirements
i
for
f
pressures, and mechanical, corrosion and erosion
allowances.
mechanical , corrosion,
corrosion and erosion allowance in inches.
inches
a coefficient having values as follows :
0.4 up to, and including, 1050F;
0.5 for 1100F ;
0.7 for 1150F and above.

3-4

Jointing
g Technique
q
Metallic piping system can be joined by welding, expanding,
threading,
h
di
or flanging.
flanging
fl
i

Certain of the systems have other techniques which are peculiar to the
individual system.
Of the
th alternative
lt
ti means available,
il bl welding
ldi and
d expanding
di are usually
ll
the preferred methods for several reasons.
One off the
O
th major
j reasons for
f the
th selection
l ti off one off these
th
methods
th d is
i
economics.

3-5

Metallic Piping System

Commercial
i l Carbon
b
Steell Piping
i i
Systems
Corrosion Resistant Piping Systems

3-6

Carbon and Low Alloy Steels

Low Carbon Steels (mild steels)
Limitation of Mild Steels
Corrosion resistance
High temperatures
High
g stresses
Low temperatures
High Carbon Steels
Low Carbon Low Alloy Steels
Mechanical properties
C
Corrosion
i resistance
i t
Oxidation resistance
Low temperature ductility
High Carbon Low Alloy Steels
3-7

Stainless Steel Piping Systems

Type 304

304ELC

304L

Type 316

316ELC

316L

Type 347
Carpenter Stainless Steel No
No.20Cb3
20Cb3

3-8

Pipeline
i li
Integrity
i Management
System

Risk Assessment and Risk Base Analysis

Ten Steps to Effective Pipeline Management

3-9

Blank

3-10

General Considerations
B i questions
Basic
ti
:

What material shall I use?

How shall I join it?
Wh t parts
What
t are available
il bl as standard
t d d catalog
t l ititems?
?
How do the materials compare in cost?

Data that should be gathered for each pipeline:

Does the material being handles in the pipe have hazardous
properties? (toxic, combustible, explosive)
Is static grounding required?
Operating pressure
Operating temperature
g required?
q
Is heat tracing
What are the temperature cycling conditions?
Installation location
3-11

Metallic Piping Systems

Advantages:

Withstand high and low operating temperatures

Can withstand full vacuum over a wide temperature range
Greater tolerance for steam tracing
Readily steam jacketed
Valves are generally supported by the piping system
Less thermal expansion
Does not require protection from sunlight, oxygen or ultraviolet
Easy to static ground

Di d
Disadvantages:
Atmospheric corrosion may be a problem
Alloy piping tends to be more expensive
Potential for galvanic corrosion exists
3-12

Corrosion Protection and Control of Oil and Gas

Pipeline System
Understanding these factors is helpful to permit the designer
and/or user to:
Determine the ability of specific material to resist attack
Design the system to prevent attack
Design the system to reduce the rate of attack to an acceptable level
when it is not possible to eliminate attack completely.
The action and problem to be handled are:
Passivation
Galvanic
G l
i corrosion
i
Stress corrosion cracking
Intergranular corrosion
etc.
etc
3-13

Operating Pressures and Operating

Temperatures
Allowable operating pressures and temperatures of seamless or
welded corrosion
corrosion-resistant
resistant metallic piping system are calculated by
the following formula :

2 SET
P=
D o 2 yyt
3-14