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ANTIINFLAMATRIOS

ESTEROIDAIS
- CORTICIDES Profa. Christianne Brtas Vieira Scaramello
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CARACTERIZAO QUMICA:
ANTIINFLAMATRIOS
ESTEROIDAIS
2
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3
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SECREO DE CORTICIDES
ENDGENOS:
CORTISOL (96 %)
CORTICOSTERONA (4%)
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Glndula
Adrenal

Tecido conectivo
Zona Glomerulosa
Aldosterona

Crtex

Zona
Fasciculada

*
Zona reticular
Cortisol e
andrognios

Medula

5
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6
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MODULAO DA SECREO DE
CORTICIDES ENDGENOS

7
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Aumentam a resistncia ao estresse


Estresse

Glicose

Energia

trauma
pnico
infeco
hemorragia
doena debilitante

8
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Hipotlamo
Estresse

fator liberador de
corticotropina

Adenohipfise

Corticotropina (ACTH)
Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasciculada
Zona reticular

Aldosterona
Cortisol
Medula Andrognios
9

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SNTESE DE CORTICIDES
ENDGENOS

10
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Bossntese de corticides endgenos a partir do colesterol.


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11

SINALIZAO CELULAR
&
EFEITOS DOS CORTICIDES
12
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Esteride

receptor
inativo

complexo
receptor
ativado

HSP

Sntese proteica,
crescimento
e proliferao
celulares

mRNA
Protenas
especficas

mRNA
13

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EFEITOS FARMACOLGICOS

DESEJADOS

USOS CLNICOS

INDESEJADOS

CONTRA-INDICAES

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CORTICIDES:
EFEITOS NO PROCESSO
INFLAMATRIO
15
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E s tm u lo le s iv o
(fs ic o ,q u m ic o o u b io l g ic o )
L ib e ra o :
H is ta m in a
C in in a s
P ro s ta g la n d in a s
L e u c o trie n o s

A tiv a o d o S is te m a
C o m p le m e n to

L e s o c e lu la r
e lib e ra o
d e e n zim a s
in tra c e lu la re s

R e a o In fla m a t ria A g u d a
(a lte ra e s v a s c u la re s e e x s u d a tiv a s )

Fisiopatologia do
processo
inflamatrio:

E rite
m a, C alo r, E de m a , D or
ritem

Re
so lu o
eso
o

C ro n ific
ao
ifica
o

Fa
se
filtra
o
fa g
os
c
as
e ta rdia
rd ia:: In
Infiltra

o de
d e m a c r
rfa
go
s e le u
uc
c ito s

Fa
se
life ra
ro b la s to s
as
e cr
c r n ic a : P ro
rolifera
o d e fib
fibro
D eg
ra
e ge n e
era
o te c id u a l
LE
U N C IO N A L G R A V E
L ES O F
FU
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16

FOSFOLIPDIOS DAS MEMBRANAS CELULARES

PLA2

(-)

Glicocorticides

cido araquidnico
cido araquidnico

12-HPETE

AINES

CICLOXIGENASE
(-)
(COX(COX-1, COXCOX-2)

12 LIPOOXIGENASE
12 LIPOOXIGENASE

CICLOXIGENASE

5 LIPOOXIGENASE
(COX-1, COX-2)
5 LIPOOXIGENASE

12-HPETE

5-HPETE

5-HPETE

PROSTAGLANDINAS,
PROSTACICLINA e TXA2

PGG2

LEUCOTRIENOS
LTA4

LTA HIDROLASE

LTB4

PGH2

LTC4
LTD4

TXA2
LTE4

LTF4

PGE2

PGG2

PGF2a

PGI2

PGD2

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17

FOSFOLIPDIOS DAS MEMBRANAS CELULARES

PLA2

(-)

Glicocorticides

cido araquidnico
cido araquidnico

12-HPETE

AINES

CICLOXIGENASE
(-)
(COX(COX-1, COXCOX-2)

12 LIPOOXIGENASE
12 LIPOOXIGENASE

CICLOXIGENASE

5 LIPOOXIGENASE
(COX-1, COX-2)
5 LIPOOXIGENASE

12-HPETE

5-HPETE

5-HPETE

PROSTAGLANDINAS,
PROSTACICLINA e TXA2

PGG2

LEUCOTRIENOS
LTA4

LTA HIDROLASE

LTB4

PGH2

LTC4
LTD4

TXA2
LTE4

LTF4

PGE2

PGG2

PGF2a

PGI2

PGD2

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18

Macrfagos, moncitos, linfcitos


(+)

(-)

Citocinas (IL-1, IL- 6, TNF - )

Glicocorticides

(+)
Clulas T
Proliferao de fibroblastos

INIBEM TODAS AS FASES DA RESPOSTA INFLAMATRIA


19
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CORTICIDES:
EFEITOS NO METABOLISMO DE
PROTENAS, CARBOIDRATOS &
LIPDEOS
20
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fgado
protenas
(aminocidos)

Glicose

clulas

Glicose

50%

(+)

Cortisol

(+)
aa

aminocidos

Sntese proteica diminuda


Catabolismo aumentado

msculo

Cortisol
Fgado

Protena

(+)

Plasma

aa

Protenas
plasmticas
21
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E
n
e
r
g
i
a

Cortisol
Tecido adiposo

Plasma

triglicerdeos

cidos
graxos
livres

cidos
graxos
Glicose

Glicose

-glicero-fosfato

Tronco X Extremidades

Acentuar a oxidao dos cidos graxos nas clulas


Redistribuio de gordura

Rpida mobilizao de aminocidos e gorduras de suas


reservas celulares, tornando-os imediatamente dispnves tanto
para energia quanto para a sntese de outros compostos, inclusive
glicose, necessitados pelos diferentes tecidos do corpo
22
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CORTICIDES:
EFEITOS NAS CLULAS
SANGUNEAS
23
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Eosinfilos
Basfilos
Moncitos
Linfcitos

Hemoglobina
Eritrcitos
Plaquetas

24
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CORTICIDES:
EFEITOS NO METABOLISMO
SSEO

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CORTICIDES:
EFEITOS NO SISTEMA
CARDIOVASCULAR E RENAL

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?
PA = ?
Dc

x RVP
Tnus arteriolar

Fc

Presso diastlica

Presso sistlica

?Ds

Fatores intrnsecos Inotropismo cardaco


Fatores extrnsecos Hemodinmicos:

?Volume sanguneo
Viscosidade
capacitncia venosa

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CORTICIDES:
EFEITOS NO SISTEMA
GASTROINTESTINAL

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CORTICIDES:
EFEITOS NO EIXO
HIPTALMICO-HIPOFISRIOADRENAL (EHHA)
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CORTICIDES:
OUTROS EFEITOS NO SISTEMA
NERVOSO CENTRAL

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Euforia
Depresso
Sintomas psicticos
Labilidade emocional

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CORTICIDES:
USOS CLNICOS

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ANTIINFLAMATRIO
Artrite, bursite
Distrbios alrgicos

Doenas de pele, oculares e pulmonares


Doenas gastrointestinais

Tireoidite subaguda

Lpus eritematoso sistmico

Artrite reumatide

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TERAPIA DE REPOSIO HORMONAL


1) Insuficincia adreno - cortical primria (Doena de Addison)
Hipoglicemia
Anorexia, perda de peso
Nusea, vmitos
Fraqueza
Hipotenso arterial
Hiperpotassemia
Acidose metablica
Diminuio dos plos axilares e pubianos, nas mulheres
Hiperpigmentao

2) Deficincia de 17 -hidroxilase
Virilizao nas mulheres
Acelerao precoce do crescimento linear
Aparecimento precoce dos plos axilares e pubianos
Sintomas de deficincia dos glicocorticides e mineralocorticides

3) Deficincia de 21 -hidroxilase
Falta dos plos axilares e pubianos nas mulheres
Sintomas de deficincia dos glicocorticides
Sintomas de excesso de mineralocorticides

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E AINDA:

Imunossupressores

Doenas hematolgicas

Doenas neurolgicas

Esclerose mltipla

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CORTICIDES:
EFEITOS INDESEJADOS

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Hiperglicemia
Atrofia muscular
Obesidade central
Face de lua cheia
Gordura supraclavicular
Corcova de bfalo
lcera
Osteoporose
Esterilizao
Virilizao e distrbios menstruais em mulheres
Hipertenso arterial
Distrbios de comportamento
Aumento da susceptibilidade s infecces
Crise de glaucoma
Supresso EHHA
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EXEMPLOS DE PROTOCOLOS DE RETIRADA GRADUAL DO


CORTICIDE

Tratamento superior a 5 dias

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CORTICIDES:
CONTRA INDICAES

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Diabetes
lcera
Cardiopatia com hipertenso e ICC
Osteoporose
Virilizao e distrbios menstruais em
mulheres
Glaucoma
Psicoses
Infeces
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FARMACOCINTICA

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Tipos de preparaes farmacuticas disponveis

Oral, injetvel (IV. IM), tpica, inalatria, oftlmica, enema, supositrio

Absoro

Depende da preparao, do corticide, da via de administrao, da rea de


aplicao

Distribuio

Ligao a protenas plasmticas: 90 % de ligao do cortisol (transcortina e


albumina)

Metabolismo: Heptico e extra heptico

Eliminao: renal

Relao estrutura atividade

Modificaes da molcula de cortisol: menor efeito mineralocorticide,


maior potncia e maior durao de ao
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RELAO ESTRUTURA
ATIVIDADE
E
CLASSIFICAO DOS
CORTICIDES
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A o in te rm e d i r ia
(1 8 - 3 6 h o r a s )

A o c u rta (8 -1 2 h o rra
as)
H id r o c o rtis o n a

1
1

C o r tis o n a

P re d n is o n a

0 ,8
0 ,8

e fe ito a n tin fla m a t rio

P r e d n is o lo n a

M e tilp r e d n is o lo n a

e fe ito p o u p a d o r d e s d io
T ria m c in o lo n a

4
0 .3
5
0 .8
5
0 .3
5
0

A o p r o lo n g a d a (1 - 3 d ia s )
B e ta m e ta s o n a

D e x a m e ta s o n a

P a ra m e ta s o n a

35
0
30
0
10
0

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ORIENTAES PARA
MINIMIZAR OS
EFEITOS INDESEJADOS
DOS CORTICIDES
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Dose mnima x tempo mnimo eficaz


Preconizar o uso de vias no sistmicas quando
possvel
Ateno s comorbidades
Ateno s interaes medicamentosas
Dieta:
?uingesta alimentos ricos em clcio, potssio, protena
?-ingesta de carboidratos, acares, sal (NaCl)

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