DETAILEDPROJECTREPORTFORIWMPIDOIMUKH &BALIJANCDBLOCKS

UNDER PAPUMPARE DISTRICT,

ARUNACHALPRADESH

UNDERINTEGRATEDWATERSHEDMANAGEMENTPROGRAMME

ChapterI
INTRODUCTION:
ArunachalPradeshissituatedintheNorthEasternBorderofIndiastretchingbetweenlongitude900 to30 Eand970 30 Eandlatitude260 28 Nand290
31N.Itspreadsoveranareaof83,743sq.kmtouchingtheinternationalboundarywithBhutanintheWest,ChinaintheNorthandMyanmarintheSouth
East. On the south, it is linked with Assam & Nagaland. The State consists of 16 District,45 SubDivisions and 172 administrative circles with population of is
10,97,968asper2001censusTheStateregisteredadecadalpopulationgrowthrateof27.0duringthedecade199101.
Thisdistrictwasbornon22nd September1992&includesthestatecapital,Itanagar.Itissituatedbetween 260 55 to280 42N &920 41 to940 37 E
.It spreads at an area of 2875 sq.km bordering Kurung Kumey on North,Assam in theSouth, Lowes Subansiri to East & East Kamengon the West. It has 2

subdivisions,11 administrativecircleswith 5 CDBlockswithpopulationof 1,22,003 asper2001Census.Thedistrictregisteredadecadalgrowthrateof67.6

duringthedecade199101.ThedistrictHqislocatedatYupia,whichis20kmawayfromItanagar.
TOPOGRAPHY:
PapumPareDistrictisamountainoustract.Onaccountoftheexistenceofthehillridgesandthevalleysitstopographyassumestypicalcharacter.The
hillridgesaresituatedhaphazardly.Assoonasoneendstheotherridgestartseitherparallelorinoppositedirection.Attheseintervalsthewideornarrowvalleys
getthefoothillsconstituting20percenttototalgeographicalareaofdistrict.Thewideandnarrowvalleysshare35percenteachtototalgeographicalarea.The
rest about 10 percent is the snow clad peaks. Due to typical topography the rivers are undulated. There are numerous streams and rivers and are drained by
principalriversGanga,Pachin,Poma&Dikrongetc.TheseprincipalriversofthedistrictaredrainedbythewesterlyflowingBrahmaputra.Theserivershave
renderedthehumanhabitationsintogeographicalisolations.Atthesametimetheseriverspossesshighhydropowerpotential.Itcouldbedevelopedasagood
industry.ThevastnaturalresourceshavedrawntheattentionoftheGovernmentduringrecentyears.
POPULATIONCHARACTERISTICS:
PapumPare underpresentreferenceisexclusivelyatribaldistrict.Majortribesare:Nyishi&othertribes of16districts andfloatingpopulationof of
generalcategoryengagedexclusivelyonbusiness&labourclasses.

LANDUSE:
Thelandbasedenterprisessupportalargesegmentofpopulationinthedistrict.Thelandbasedenterprisesparticularlythecultivationoffieldcropsas
wellashorticulturecropsisconsideredacriticaldeterminateofthepaceofoveralleconomicdevelopment.Theefficientuseoflandresource,therefore,assumes
singularsignificancewithrespecttoplanningofeconomicactivities.

Itissparselypopulatedwith35personspersq.km.Plentyoflandisavailabletothetribesmanasnaturalgiftalthoughthereisnolandrecord,theland
ownershipcanbeclassifiedunderthreebroadheads:(1)communityownership(2)clan/Individualownershipand(3)Govt.Ownership.
DRAINAGESYSTEM:
ThedrainagesystemofArunachalPradeshisstillinanevolutionarystageand,therefore,isimmatureandiscontrolledbythemainrangesoftheGreater
as well as Lesser Himalayas in the Western parts and the frontal ranges and Mishmi hills of the Eastern parts of the State. The main ranges, peaks, passes,
escarpments of these mountains of the Greater Himalayas play a great role in developing the drainage patterns and acting as water divide by following the
National as well as International boundary between India and China (Tibet). There are five well delineated boundary river system which are the part of
Brahamputrasystem.Theadministrativeboundariesatdistrictlevelcincidewiththeriverbasinboundariesinthestate.TheKameng,Subansiri,Siang,Dibangand
LohitTelluriversystemcovermostofthepartoftheState.Buttheyhavedifferentcharacteristics.
ThedrainagepatternisradialspeciallyintheupperpartsoftheGreaterHimalayanzoneofIndoTibetanborder.Theradialpatternsevolvebecauseoftheir
conicalhillsandroundmountanpeaks.
SUBANSIRIRIVERBASIN:Itisthelargestriversystemcoveringmorethan20,000sqkmareaofthecentralpartofstateexceptasmallareaoftheSouthern
PartofLowerSubansiridistrict.ItalsoincludestheDikrongrivervalleyareaatthefoothills.ThisriverdirectlyjoinstheBrahamputraandformsseparategeo
ecologicalunitofanarealsizeof1,614.6sqkm.ThewholeSubansiribasinhasbeendividedintofoursubbasinsofanaveragesizeof3,000sqkm,namely,the
Rangariversubbasinthekhru,theKamlaandthemainSubansiririversubbasin.Itisalsoquitelargeand,therefore,hasbeenfurthersubdividedintothree
catchmentandoneinterfluveastheTsaricatchment,MiddleSubansiriandtheSyeerivercatchmentandthelowerSubansiriinterfluve

OverviewoftheDistrict:
DistrictProfile:
1

Sl.

Nameof

No.of

Total

Total

Geogr

Population(Asperthe2001Census)

No.

1.

District

PapumPare

Blocks

no.of
villages

267

no.of
Gram
Panch
ayats

aphical
areain
Ha.

338

287500

Male
SC

ST

801

34,157

Female
Ot
her
s

SC

ST

596

34,850

Total
Ot
he
rs

SC

ST

1397

69,007

%ofBPL
tototal
Othe
popul
rs
ation
68.03

(Source:DirectorateofEconomics&Statistics/RuralDevelopment/Panchayat,Itanagar)
EconomicDevelopment
Thedevelopmentalexperienceofthedistricthasbeenfullofchallenges.Apartfromitslatestart,geographicalremotenessandinaccessibility,hillyterrain,
lack of infrastructure, population composition, and scarce resource base, the district has indirect effect of continuous insurgency at two districts (Tirap &
Changlang),spendingmuchofitsresourcesonadministrationandrelatedcostsattheexpenseofdevelopment.Despitetheprogressmadeinaspanof37years,
PapumPare economystillconfrontsmanydevelopmentalchallenges.Foremostamongthemarethedifficultterrain,andinaccessibilitytotherestoftheworld
and continued insurgency at Tirap & Changlang where huge chunk of resources are drained. These handicap the Districts endeavors towards industrial and
entrepreneurialdevelopment,privatesectorpartnershipinspearheadingdevelopmentinitiativesandallroundplanning.
TheGrossDistrictDomesticProductfortheyear200708isestimatedatRs.43,776lakhs withapercapitaincomeofRs.33,014againststatepercapita
incomeofRs24,264.TheinfrastructureDevelopmentIndex(IDI)ofthedistrictislowwiththestateat140.22againsttheallIndiaaverageof138.Itcontinuesto
confrontwithmanyinadequaciesintheareasofphysicalandsocialinfrastructure.Thepatternofinfrastructureelementsforsocioeconomicdevelopmentinthe
district as on 200607 are Educational institutions: 218, No. of Medical (allopathetic): 71, Postal facilities: Headpost1, subpost office7 & EDBPOs14,
Market/haatfacilities:AtRural/Urbanareas,Cooperative20nos&others142nos,no.ofCommercialbanks:23noswhichincludesSBI,RuralBanks,Cooperative
ApexBank&otherbranchesetc.
Forthedevelopmentofsuchessentialandcriticalareas,thedistrictisconstantlyfacedwithacutefinancialandresourceproblems.Oneofthereasonsfor
this state of affairs is the almost nonexistent Tax base of the state. The tribal traditions and customs of the inhabitants have also been protected by special
provisions intheconstitutionofIndiaasaresultofwhich,thestatedoesnotownany landunlesspurchasedfromthepeople oron compensationforspecific
purposesbythegovernment.
Agriculture:

Papum Pare has a gross cropped area of 7379.9 ha & net irrigated area of 4t82 ha as per census 2001. Though there have been remarkable
achievementinthefieldofagriculturebutthetargetofgrowthrate(intermsofvalueadded)envisagedfortheXthplancouldnotbeachievedduetounfavorable
rain and other factors in the form of excess rain or no rain and drought like situation over the years. The average annual growth during the 200708 was
estimatedmuchbelowtargetedgrowthratesof4%.Theaverageannualplangrowthof foodgrainsproductionhasshownadecliningtrendovertheyeason
accountoffollowingreasons:
Recurringcroplossesduetonatualcalamitiesinformofheavyrain,flood&moisturestresscondition.
Lowirrigationintensity.
Unavailabilityofterracedlandinborderandinaccessibleareas.
Thecroppingpatternofthedistrictischaraterisedbythedominanceoffoodgraincrops.Paddyisaprinicipalfoodgrainwhichoccupiesamajorshareof
GCA(70.61%in200607).MaizeandMilletsarealsoimportantfoodgrainswhichaccountfor17.91%and4.97%oftheGCAinthedistrict,whileWheataccounts
for1.218%&Pulsesat2.97%inthecroppingpattern.BeasuseofSubtropicalclimateconditionandfertilealluvialwetsoilsinthePapumPareplains,oilseeds
makeup45.97%ofcommercialcropswithPotatoasthemajorcropswhicharegrownforfulfillingthedomesticdemand.Zingerisalsoacommercialcropwhich
occupiesmorethan14.59%areaofGCA&Chilliesin200607inthedistrict..
It recorded an average yield rate per hectare of 13.59 on HYV cropswith Consumptionof fertilizers 43.75 (NPK).It had aproduction of 1816 MT (1335
hectare)offruits&107MT(in106ha)ofSpeciesduring200607,whichexhibiteddeclineinproductionduetodiscontinuationofmaintenancerelatedschemes
likerejuvenationofoldorchard,manures&fertilizers,P.Pmeasuresetc
Inthelightofgrowingeconomy,highpopulationgrowthandfood,nutritionalandenvironmentalsecurity,priorityinthecomingyears(XIthplan)willbe
concentratedtofollowingobjectives/developmentissuesinordertoachievedesiregrowthrate.

Productivitytoprofitabilitythroughdiversification.
Subsistencetocommercialagriculture.
Bringmoreareaunderassuredirrigationbycreatingadditionalirrigationfacility.
Commodityorientedtofarmingsystemapproach.
Localmarketstoexportoriented.
Technologytoecotechnology.
Monocroppingtocropdiversitybyenhancingcroppingintensity.
Exploitativetosustainableagriculture.
Rawmaterialtovalueadditionalbycreatingprocessingfacilities.

 Technologygenerationanddissemination.
Thecroppedareaofthedistrictwithsingle/double/multiplecroppingasperstatementissuedbyDAO,PapumPareisasfollows:

Power:
PapumPareDistricthas2towns,232nosofvillageselectrifiedwhichcomestothetuneof74.44%asper2001census.
Thestatestillsuffersfromashortfallinitsgenerationofpower.Againstthepresentrequirementof105MW,thestatesowngenerationisamere66.33MW
only with a shortfall of 38.67 MW. This shortfall is presently met through purchases from other neighbouring states. State has also launched the Hydropower
policy2008fordevelopmentof56,151MWpotentialinaveryecoenvironment&peoplefriendlymannerwithnodisturbancetoecology,avoidingsubmergence,
displacementofpeople&consequentrehabilitation&resentmentproblems.Thetotalnumberofvillageselectrifiedason20012002was2195constituting56.82
% of the inhabited villages. Per capita consumption of electricity was 95.63 Kws during 199697, as compared to the minimum of 80.4 Kws by Tripura and
maximumof192.80KwsbyMeghalayaamongthenortheasternstates

Transport&Communication:
During 200405 Papum Pare had 553.768 km of road length constructed by PWD with 360.675 km black topped, 103.399 km Water bound macadam &
unsurfaced road length of 89.694 km constituting around 8.23 % of state road length. The road density per thousand sq.km of geographical area was
19.26km.Whereas,thelengthofroadconstructedbyBRTF/RWD/ForestDepartments ason200607comesto292.632km(B/T67.426,WBM8.70,
Gravelled 85.406 km and unsurface 131.10 km respectively). This gives additional road density per thousand Sq. KM of 10.17 km thereby, the total
densitygoesupby18.40kmperthousandsqkm.
Thisisagainst totallengthoftheroadsinthestateofArunachalPradeshduring200405as6724.140Km.Ofthis,thetotallengthofsurfaceroadswas
2081.122Km,Waterboundmacadamwas1693.691kmandunsurfacedroadswas2916.805Kmconstituting30.95%and25.188%&43.37%respectivelyof
thetotalroadlengthinthestate.TheroaddensityperthousandSq.Km.ofgeographicalareawas80.2Km.Thestatehas32.522Km.ofNationalHighways.The
currentstatusofroadnetworkinthestateisverypoorason31st March2009whichstandsat21066.36kmwithlowestroaddensityof25.16kmper100sqkm.
The only means of intraDistrict movement being roads, paucity of all weather roads causes delay in supply of essential commodities leading to cost
escalationparticularlyduringmonsoon.ConnectivitytoAdministrativecentresandfarflungremoteandinaccessibleareas areestablishedbymaintaininghelipads
andALGs.ThePawnHans,jagsonandarmysortieservicesarepressedintoforthesejobs.Thereisheavyinvolvementonaccountofflying,upliftkeepmentand
maintenanceofexistencehelipadsbyDistrictadministration.

Asof200607,thedistricthadonly22nosofsuspensionbridgestowatergapconstructedbyRWDwithnoofbridgesconstructedbyPWD/BRTFbutmuch
moreissteelneededtobedone.TheIssuesforconcernaretemporarybridges(log/Bailey/steel)watergapsrequireRCCbridgestofacilitatemovementfor
heavyvehicleswhichwouldboastdevelopmentfortourismandexplorationofmineralfortheDistrict.

Irrigation:
PapumParehas383hairrigationpotentialcreatedwith2nosofcanals,20haofareairrigatedmorethanonce,149hanetareairrigated&169haofgrossarea
irrigation as as on 200607. This figure has risen to 773.64 ha irrigated with rain fed area of 25,014.36 ha as per latest information from DAO, Papum Pare.
Districteconomybeinglargelyagrarian,irrigationistoplayvitalinput,increasedagriculturaloutputtokeeppacewithfoodrequirementandpopulation.Owingto
frequent occurrence of natural calamities heavy rainfall, land slides, flood etc. emphasis is to be given to creation of extensive irrigation facilities so that
dependenceonnatureanduncertaintyinagriculturalproductionwouldbeminimized.ThisisagainstStateirrigationpotentialof1.03lakhhectarecreatedsince
inception. Expansion of irrigation facilities and control of flood menace, utilization of ground water potential tapping thereof at higher scale and common area
developmentworksneedbetakenupinabigwaytobridgethehugegapofabove60%betweencreationandutilizationofirrigationpotentialintheState.
Thedistrictinadditiontothestatehasprioritized

Adaptation of technically advanced moisture conservation method of irrigation like sprinklar and Drip in water scare area for orchards, tea and
vegetablegarden.

UndertakingGroundwatersurveyandexploitationofgroundwaterforirrigationinthefoothillareasoftheState.

Maximizingutilizationofcreatedpotentialthroughaugmentation,renovationandpropermaintenanceofirrigationprojectsandotherCommandArea
Developmentworks.

PeoplesparticipationinthemanagementofM.I.Projectsforbetterutilizationofpotential.

Surveyoffloodzonesforinvolvingcomprehensivefloodmanagementlong/shortterm.

Largeirrigationinacompactareaforthedistrictisnotpossibleowingtoundulatingtopography.Howevermediumirrigationprojectsatfoothillbeltsareto
be taken up. There is acute need of resource support of centre for reconstruction and rejuvenation of irrigation structures along with taping of ground water
potentialandappropriatecentrallysponsoredschemeisimperative
RoleofwatershedmanagementintheDistrict:
InPapumPareDistrict,thehighprevalenceofshiftingcultivation,alsoknownasJhum,formsthemajorcauseofwastelands.Withtherapidincreasein
population,thejhumcyclehasnowbeenreducedto58yearsandthepreviouslyuncultivatedandsteeplandisbeingtakenintothejhumsystem.Thisresultsin
acceleratingbothonsiteandoffsitedegradationduetoerosion,runoff,nutrientlosses,siltation,lossofbiodiversityanddisruptioninwatershedhydrology.In
spiteofseveralattemptsmadeinthepastbytheStateGovernmenttoweanpeopleawayfromthispractice,majorityofthepeoplecontinuetopracticejhumand
thetotalareaputunderthissystemcontinuetoincreaserapidly,therebycausingnaturalresourcedegradation.
Having realized the gravity of the problem of natural resource degradation and the urgency of evolving a strategy for managementof the land, various
CentrallySponsoredSchemesofWatershedProgrammehasbeentakenupinthedistrict.WiththeimplementationofWatershedProgrammes,thevastjhumland
whichliesbarren,arebeingreclaimedforafforestation,horticulture,cashcropcultivationtherebyprovidingsubsistenceforthefarmersandalsovarioussoiland
moistureconservationmeasuresarebeingincorporatedintheprogramme.Theprogrammebeingcommunitybased,asustained communityactionforoperation
and maintenance of assets have been created and further development of the potential of the natural resources in the watershed is encouraged. The poorer
sections of the society are also benefited by enrolling themselves as part of the Self Help Group, User group whereby various income generating activities are
takenup.
TheDRDA,PapumParewithBlockDevelopmentofficersasPIAsunderdepartmentofRuralDevelopmenthasbeenimplementingCentrallySponsored
SchemeofIntegratedWastelandsDevelopmentProgramme(IWDP)underwhichgrantinaidisprovidedfromtheMinistryofRuralDevelopment,Departmentof
LandResources,fordevelopmentofwastelandsonwatershedbasisdirectlytoDRDAs.Thisisoneofthemajorwatershedprogrammeimplementedinthestate.
UnderDistrictAgricultureDepartmentwatershedprojectshavealsobeentakenup,viz.,NWDPRA6nos(3000ha)&WDPSCA2nos(1000ha).
Atotalof6projectshavebeensanctionedsofarbytheGovernmentofIndiacoveringtotalwatershedareaof29,200ha.Outofwhich,threeprojectsare
underDoimukhCDBlockcoveringanareaof18,600ha&oneprojectcovering7600haunderSagalee&Balijan.

10

Theexpectedoutcomesasaresultoftheimplementationofthewatershedprogrammesareasfollows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Increaseinproductivityoftheland.
Createemploymentopportunities
Raiseruralincomesandlivingstandard
Reductioninmigrationfromruralareas
Increaseinwatertableinthearea
Restoreecologicalbalanceandoverallenvironmentalimprovement.

Chapter2
Agroclimaticzones:
PapumPareDistrictHqatYupiasituatedinbetween363m(Naharlaun)&459m(Itanagar)abovemeansealevelhasaclimatecharacterizedbymild
summers&moderatetoSevereWinters.Themeanannualprecipitationrangesfrom2700to4300mm.Generallythereisnoperiodwhenthewaterrequirement
is more than the water supply (precipitation). The availability of moisture to the crops generally exceeds 270 days a year.The region is typified by Udic soil
moisture regime. The mean annual soil temperature (MAST) varies between 18 degree centigrade to 22 degree centigrade, the region qualifies for Thermic
temperatureregimes.
The climate prevailing at the district experience subtropical & Temperate at different administrative locations. At Doimukh we come across Subtropical
climate which affects the project area also. 80 % of the district falls under Thermic Humid (MidHills & Valleys), 12% under humid
Hyperthermic(foothills)&8%underAlpine&HighHillsagroclimaticsubregions.Ithassummits&ridges,Steepsideslope,moderatelyslopingside
slope&narrowinterhillvalleys.
Shiftingcultivationisthetraditionalfarmingpracticeoftribalcommunityintheregion.Riceisthedominantcropgrown innarrowvalleys&hillterraces
followedbymaize,millet,pea,beans,potato&vegetables.

11

RainfallDistribution:

Precipitationisthemostimportantelementofclimatewhichaccelerateshydrologicalprocessesandalsogenerateswaterresourceinanarea.Its
seasonal variations and distributional pattern are of vital concern to assess the amount and quality of the available water for various users. The district with
continuoussupplyofwaterinthemainriverchannelswithamorethanthreefourthshareofannualrainprecipitationduringtheSummer(maytoSeptember).As
aresult,therearesignificantseasonalimbalancesrecordedinthespatialdistributionofrainfall.
Onaccountofcomplexityprevailingintherelieffeaturesanddrainagesystems,thedistributionalpatternofannualrainfallarealsocomplex.The
lowlandareasofItanagarreceiveannualrainfallexceeding3284.4mmonanaverage.EventheclosevalleyinthelowerpartsofPapumPare receivemore
than 2700mmofaverageannualrainfall.
Soil:
Thedistricthassoilstronglytomoderatelyacidicinnature(PH4.5to7.2),richinorganicmattercontent(0.8to5.2%OC)whichdeclinessharplywithdepth.
ThesoilsofSummittoridgesaremostlyshallowtodeep,loamyskeletaltosandysketalexcessivelydrained&subjecttosevereerosionhazards.Soilshowslack
of profile development (A/C horizons) . On moderately steep side slopes of hills, moderately shallow to deep, well to somewhat excessively drained, loamy
skeletal/clayey, fineloamy to fine particle classes with very severe to moderate erosion hazards. On moderate slopes are deep, well drained, fine/ fineloamy,
clayey/loamyskeletalinparticlesizeclasses&moderatelyeroded.Soilarewelldeveloped.
Duetoexcessiveprecipitation&lowtemperature,Steephillslopes&tectonicallydisturbedinconjunctionwithhumaninterferenceonvegetativecoverfor
long,thesesoilsufferfrom1).Soilerosion&landslides,2).Limitingsoildepthinsteephillslopes,3).Soilacidity&4).LowCEC&poorbasestatusofthesoil.
Theseacidicsoilsarerichinorganicmatterwithhighrainfall&coldclimatefavour theplantationofdifferenttemperate&subtropicalfruitslikepears,Peech,
Plum,Apple,Tea&Pineapplecultivationatfoothillinadditiontovegetables

12

DetailsofAgroclimaticzonesintheDistrict:
1

S.No

NameoftheAgro
climaticzone

Areain
Ha.(
State)

Areain
Ha(
Distt.)

1.
2.
3.

Prehumid
Hyperthermic(foothill)
Thermic Humid(Mid
Hills&Valley)
Alpine&HighHills

1508928 P/Pare
34,500
1410436 P/Pare
.7
2,30,000
986775 P/Pare
23,000

6
Majorcrops(200607)
a)Name

Average
rainfallin
mm
(preceding
4years
average):
3284.4

Paddy
Maize
Millet
Pulses
Wheat
Oilseeds
Potato
Ginger
Chillies
Turmeric

b)Area
inHa.
10180
2500
695
415
170
400
292
100
63
15

(Source:DirectorateofAgriculture,Naharlagun,SoilsofAPbySLUB,Itanagar,StatisticalAbstractof
AP2007,ResourceAtlasofAP1999.)

Rainfall
PapumParefallswithintherangeofheavyrainfallascomparedtotheaverageofthecountry.UsuallytherainsetsinfromthemonthofMarchandlasts
upto September. The month of December usually escapes rainfall. During January the rainfall is experienced. In the month of February there is comparatively
morerainfallascomparedtoJanuary.The monthsofJuneandJulyexperiencethehighestrainfall.Inthisregard maybenotedthat90%oftotalrainfall is
experiencedduringthemonsooni.e.fromMaytoSeptember.Therest10%rainfallisspreadoverfromDecembertoApril.
DetailsofaveragerainfallandaltituderecordedattheDistrictheadquarters
1

S.No.

Nameofthe
District

P/Pare
(IItanagar)

3
Averagerainfallin
mm(preceding4
yearsaverage)

4
Altitude(inm
abovesea
level)
3284.4

(Source:D.E&S/C.E.,RWD,Itanagar.)

14

Chapter3
Demographyandlanddistributionanoverview
ThepopulationofPapumPareis1,22,003accordingto2001censusandisscatteredover2subdivisions,11administrativecircleswith5CDBlocks and
267villages.Ithasthedensityof14personspersq.km.ThepopulationoftheDistricthadadecadalgrowthrateof67.6overtheperiod19912001.Thesexratio
ofthedistrictisat901femalesto1000malesislowerthanthestateaverageof893.Theliteracyrateof is69.3asper2001censusagainst54.3ofthestate.
Theruralpopulationconstitutes about49.147%against stateaverageof79.3% in2001indicatingmigrationtakenplacefromruraltourbanareas.Themain
reasons for migration are better job opportunities, access to educational institutions and health care facilities. The total work force in various categories in the
District is about 29,086 nos as per 1991 & density is 16.67 nos per sq.km with dependency ratio of 2.58 nos nonworkers per worker. There are many distinct
tribesinhabitingtheareacomprisingtribesfromall16districts&Nyishiasmainlocalinhibitantsof thedistrict.
Sl.No.
Demographicalfeatures
1
Population

1981District
1981Doimukh
&kimin
1991Distt.

39,736
29,735
72,811

1981Doimukh 59,716
&kimin
2001Distt.
1,22,003
2001Doimukh 9890

2
3
4

Percapitaavailabilityofland
SexRatio
Populationagegroup

2002Doimukh 13,852
Kimin & +8360=22,212
Balijan
2.356Ha.
67.6
AllagesforDistt :1,22,003(M

15

64,184&F57,819)

7
8

AllAgesinblock:9890(M5161
&F4729).
Literacy
50.85
Migration
N.A.
Work force available in different sectors of Mainworkers
29,016
economy(1991)
Marginal
202
Workers
NonWorkers
42,523
Workforce
16.67
Density
(workers/
sq.km)
STPopulation(Census2001)
69,007
BPL:Distt&Doimukh
68.03%&61.99%

Landlessfamilies

5
6

NILbutmarginalfarmersare
available.

(Source:Directorateof Economics&Statistics,Itanagar&ResourceAtlasofA.P1999.)
Landreformmeasures&Operationallandholdingsinthedisrict:
In PapumPareDistric,Doimukh&BalijanCDBlocks inparticulartheproblemof fragmentationoflandholdingsisnotanissueonaccountofthe
peculiar pattern of landownership, tenure and land use prevalent. The ownership of land and the individual rights are governed by customary laws of the
community.DuetotheuniqueownershipandmanagementsystemoftheArunachalees,thereislittleornoalienationofthepeoplefromtheirlandandresources
andtherefore,evenfarmers,despitetheirpooreconomicconditioncanbeconsideredresourcerich.Acomparativelylowpopulationpressure,highregeneration

16

rate of natural resources, communitybased natural resource management initiatives and projects like the watershed programmes have all further created
opportunitiesforothereconomicactivitiestotakeplaceandcontributetotheoveralldevelopmentofthedistrict.
The cultivable land is the most valued form of property for its economic and symbolic significance. It is a productive, wealthcreating and livelihood
sustainingasset.Italsoprovidesasenseofidentityandrootednessbecauseithasdurabilityandpermanence,whichnootherassetpossesses.Overandabove
this,theancestrallandhasasymbolicmeaning,whichpurchasedlanddoesnot.Moreover,therearedifferentrulesfordevolutionofancestralandselfacquired
land.Thesocietyisbasedonpatrilinealdescenthencechildrentaketheirsocialidentityfromtheirfatherandareplacedinhisagnaticgroupandfamilialunit.A
femalechildsmembershipofherfathersagnaticunitisneitherpermanentnorcomplete.Genderdifferencesingroupmembershipandsocialidentityareclosely
connectedwiththepatternsofinheritanceandresourcedistribution.Propertyisinheritedbythemaleheirsandtransmittedthroughthem.Theyhavelegalrights
inancestralproperty.Thewomenhavenoshareinsuch inheritance althoughacquiredpropertiescanbegiftedtodaughtersalso.Itiswidelybelievedthatthe
daughtersaftertheirmarriagecomeunderthecareofthehusbandsclanandfamily.Largelybecauseofthis,inpractice,nolandedpropertywasgiftedtowomen
although most of the work on the land was done by the womenfolk. In recent times, through the pioneering initiatives undertaken by few private and official,
womenarebeingallowedtoownland.

Detailsof landholdingpatterninthedistrict:

Sl.No

1.

Nameof
district

PapumPare

TypeofFarmers(NoofHousehold)
Large

Medium

Small

Marginal Landless

LandHoldinginHa
No.of
BPL
Total
household Irrigated Rainfed

Total
No.

1068
(State)

Chapter4
LandUsePattern

17

4837

4784

570.26

5354.26

ThelandownershipandmanagementsystemsoftheArunachaleeareuniqueanddifferentfromtherestofthecountry,wherelocalcustomarylawsgovern
the land. Such laws are tribespecific where each tribe or even village has its own unique customary laws and traditions. These customary laws are usually not
codified but have the constitutional sanction. The enforcement of these traditional laws and regulations rests on traditional villages institutions such as village
councilsheadedbyHeadGaonBurah.
In Papum Pare vast area of land is unclassified and are under the community ownership, which may fall under any one of the recognized categories
Privateland,ClanlandandCommonland.Thestategovernmentownsjustremainingarea.
AmongstNyishitribe,thelandeitherbelongstothecommunityorindividualascustodian.Inmostcommunityland,allmembershavearighttouseitfreely
butwithpriorconsentofthecustodians.Thereare,however,restrictionsontransferorevenuseoftraditionallandbyoutsiders.Outsidersarepeoplewhodonot
belongtothecommunityorclan.Jhumlandsareusuallyownedbythecommunity/Clan/privategifteddownbyforefatersbutregulatedbytherespectivevillage
councilsforanydisputeonaccountofboundary/ownershipwherethevillageeldersinspect&provideviewsbasedontheirknowledgeofboundary&thenvillage
councilunderHeadgamgivethefinaldecisionwhichisallowedunderAssamFrontierRegulationActof1845&ratifiedbytheJudiciary.
Thereisalreadyincreasedprivatizationandindividualownership,especiallyoflandunderpermanentcultivationsuchaswetricecultivation,terracedlands,
orchards, gardens, tree farming, bamboo grooves, etc., in the district. The practices and trends of land ownership differ largely depend on existing traditions,
availabilityoflandandinterpersonalrelationshipwiththetraditionalinstitutions.
UsestatusintheDistrict:
ThedistricthasforestcoverwhichmaybeeitherunderforestDepartment,individual/clan/Communitypossession
(AreainHa)
1

Sl.
District
No.

Papum

3
Geogr
a
phical
Area

Forest
Area

Land
under
Non
Agril.
use

Total
rainfed(Agri)
area
b)culti
a)culti
vable
vated
waste

Perm
anent
pasture
s

Landunder
miscellan
eoustree
cropsand
groves

Current
fallow

187.6

34,923.2

1434

2875 1,76, 340.

11,4

465

18

10

11

12

13

14

Oth
Netarea
Net
Netirrig
er
sown
sown
ated
fall
more
area
area
ow
thanonce

Gross
croppe
darea

78

18543

130 7028.76 4784

Pare

00

944.
5175

290

47.0
9

45

34

53

(Source:StatisticalHandbookofA.P2007,DirectorateofEconomics&Statistics,Itanagar)
Irrigatedareas:
PapumPareisbasicallyanagriculturaldistrictandalltheresourcesdependupontheagriculturaloutput.Waterisevidentlythemostvitalelement
intheplantlifeandisnormallysuppliedtotheplantsbynaturalrain.However,thetotalrainfallinaparticularareamaybeeitherinadequateorisilltimed.
Thereforeinordertogetthemaximumyieldfromacrop,itisessentialtosupplyoptimumquantityofwatertothecropandtomaintaincorrecttimingsof
water.Thisispossibleonlythroughasystematicirrigationsystembycollectivewaterduringrainfallandfromnaturalsourcesandtoreleaseittothecrops
asandwhenitisneeded.
The district does not have major or medium irrigation project . The department of Water Resources Development in the district has undertaken the
Minor Irrigation schemes which are most vital and very suitable for the district. The irrigation works are mostly meant to divert small hill streamlets to
irrigatevalleysusedforricecultivation.Mostofthevillagesarescatteredandperchedonthehilltopandthecultivatorstraditionallycultivatethehillslopes
either by making terraces or by jhumming. Irrigation is provided only in terraced fields wherever the facilities exist to bring water from the sources by
gravitysystemthroughM.I.Channels.Duetononavailabilityofwellorganizedirrigationsystem,avastareaoflandbothunderforestandjhumlands,which
ifbroughtunderpermanentirrigation,thefoodgrainproductioninthedistrictcouldberaisedenormously.
IrrigationStatus(AreainHa.):
Acomparativeirrigationstatusofthedistrict&sourcewiseareairrigatedinthe statecanbehadasunder
1

Sl.
No.

District
PapumPare

Gross
Net
Gross
Netirrigated
cultivated cultivated
irrigated
area(Utilised)
area
area
area(Utilised)
19,929.02 6,873.455

4783

1526.98

19

7
Net
irrigated
%
22.2

8
Rainfed
%ofnet
Area
cultivated
area
25,014.36
77.78

(Source:StatisticalAbstract ofArunachalPradesh2007)
SourcewiseAreaIrrigated(AreainHa.) :
1

Distri
Sl.
ct
No.
1.

3
Canal
(Area)

Arunac 8735
hal
(8375
Prades nos)
h

Tanks

Open
wells

Borewells

Liftirrigation

Are
a
117 57
No

No

Area

No

Area

24

100

No

Area

Others(Pl.
Total
specify)
Are
No
No Area
a
33336 3558 418 44478
6
52

(Source: Statistical AbstractofArunachalPradesh2007)

20

CommonPropertyResources(CPR) :

AmajorstrengththatPapumParesocietyhasinheritedisthe'socialcapital'.Thereisstrongsocialbondingandcommunityspirit,andabsenceofcasteandsocial
discrimination.Thereisnolandlesshouseholdalthoughthemajorproportionoflandisheldaseitherjhumlandorcommunityforestlandwhichisregulatedbytheowner
withvillagecouncils.Thepeoplehaveastrongbondingwiththesocialinstitutionsandresourceswhichoccupiesthecentrestageoftheirdailylife.Thecommunityresources
andinstitutionssuchasforests,woodlots,ponds/tanks,communityhalls,churches,communitygrounds,Schools,Healthcareunits,power,etc.,aremaintainedineachand
everyvillage.Theresourcesandinstitutionsaremanagedbyseparaterepresentativecommitteesempoweredtolaydownrulesandregulationsforeffectivemanagement
and development. The resources and institutions are for common use subject to prior consent of the owner within the ambit of traditional laws and regulations of the
respectivevillage/tribe.TheVillagesundertheproject(Jullang&Jote)andAssamFrontierRegulationAct1845alsostrivetoexploitthetraditionaladministrationabilities
of Village Councils for decentralization of developmental responsibilities to the local bodies. As envisaged in the Act, the constitution of Village Council to take on these
responsibilitieswasformalized.TheVillageCouncilincollaborationwiththePanchayats&eldersformulatedevelopmentprioritiesforthevillage,prepareactionplansand
executethem,usingthevillagecommunityorotherfunds. TheVillageCouncilprovideelderlyadvicestovillagePRI/leadersinformulationofvariousdevelopmentalworksin
addition to conflict resolution of any propertyindividivual/community,social disputes etc & their decision is final & binding. The PRI is the authority to initiate steps for
developmentworks,grantsinaid,matchingcashgrants,JawaharRozgarYojana,NREGA,andotherdevelopmentandwelfareprogrammes.Inmanyplaces,thePRI/Village
councils performance has been exemplary. They have played a pivotal role in creation and maintenance of infrastructure in the villages community halls, village roads,
schools,watertanks,toilets,granaries,ricemills,communityfisheryponds,communitywells/tanks,culvertsandsuspensionbridges,etc. Buildingontherichsocialcapital
ofthevillagecommunitiesandbenefitingfromthisstructurallinkage,theVillagecouncil memberandofficebearersoftraditionalinstitutionscanbeinvolvedinIWMPas
they would be more devoted compared to elected/politically affiliated PRI members for pioneering microlevel development in imaginative, culturally appropriate and
resourceefficient.

21

DetailsofCommonPropertyResourcesintheState

(AreainHa)

Sl.
No.

Name
of
District

CPR particulars

Total area owned/in possession of

Area available for treatment

Arunac
hal
Prades
h

i. Wasteland/
Degraded land

Pvt.
persons

7,27038

PRI

Govt.
(specify
dept.)

Any
other (pl.
specify)

2056

1471457

22,49,152

2550

vii.
Community
buildings
viii. Weekly
markets

ii. Pastures
iii. Orchards

1145

iv. Village
woodlot
v. Forest
vi. Village
ponds/ tanks

Pvt.
persons

Govt.
(specify
dept.)

PRI

Any
other (pl.
specify)

727038

689595

1000

572

1471457

735728

562288

70728

1550

2973.6

2478

2478

1982.4

1090557.
00

22

ix. Permanent
markets

x. Temples/
places of
worship

xi. Others

13,51,03
2

1,60,000

2,76,433

22,02,19
0

22,54,108

2478

39,15,52
4

1622766

59410

1036756

TOTAL

23

DetailsofCommonPropertyResourcesinthedistricts(AreainHa)
1
Sl.
N
o.

2
Name
of
District

3
CPR particulars

4
Total area owned/in possession of
Pvt.
Govt.
PRI
Any other
persons
(specify
(pl.
dept.)
specify)

Papum
Pare.

i. Wasteland/
Degraded land

40,793.32

ii. Pastures

9883.78

v. Forest
vi. Village
ponds/ tanks

vii.
Community
buildings

11075.665

9883.78

10,503.
89

7500.0

iii. Orchards
iv. Village
woodlot

9883.78

5
Area available for treatment
Pvt.
Govt.
PRI
Any
persons
(specify
other
dept.)
(pl.
specify)
40,793.
20959.44
32
5

11075.665

52000

10,100

25050
10000

14000

24

viii. Weekly
markets

10,496

ix. Permanent
markets

10496

x. Temples/
places of
worship

10496

xi. Others

24000

14,813.
88

Chapter5
Trendsinagricultureandfoodproductivity
PapumPareisanagriculturalstate.Agriculturefallsintheprioritysectorinthedistrict.Agriculturehastraditionallybeenandcontinueto
bethemainstayoftheinhabitants.Thenumerousfestivalsarecenteredaroundagricultureandhavetheirrootsincultivationpractices.Morethan
80 % percent of the people are engaged in agriculture. Rice is the staple food. It occupies about 55.5 percent of the total cultivated area and
constitutes about 75 percent of the total food grain production. Other crops include maize, Wheat, Milllet, linseed, potato, pulses, soyabean,
sugarcane,jute,Ginger,Turmeric,chilly,etc.However,itisnotselfsufficientinfoodandstilldependsontheimportoffoodsuppliesfromother
states.
Agricultureisoneofthesignificantcontributorstothenetdistrictdomesticproductandisthelargestemployeroftheworkforce.Itwasthe
mainstayofthepeopleofduring1950s,whenalmost96.5percentofthepopulationwasdependentonagriculturewhichhascomedownto60.36

25

%during1991ofthestate.Thoughthedependencyforemploymentonagriculturehasdeclineditcontinuestobethemainsourceoflivelihood.
Shiftingandterracecultivationsremainthedominantformsoflandusepractice.
ThewidespreadpracticeofShifting/Jhumcultivationhavecausedthefallow,oridleperiodtobecuttoacoupleofyearswhichhasledto
soilerosionandlossofsoilfertility.Shiftingcultivationcoversover50.03 percentofthetotalarableareaoftheState.Itisconcentratedinallthe
districtsoftheStateexceptTawang.Inotherareas,terracedricecultivation(TRC)orcombinedJhumandTRCarepracticedinalimitedscale.The
foodgrainproductioninDistricthasshownanupwardtrendwith38986MTin20062007with2793.493kgperhectareasagainst604153
MTwith1612.2kg/hectareofthestate.Nontraditionalcropssuchasbarley,spices,rubberarealsogainingpopularityinrecentyears,promising
toconvertagriculturefromsubsistencefarmingtocommerciallyviableactivity.
Thelandisextremelyfertileandcanproducethebestqualityofagrobased,horticultureandfloricultureproductsthroughorganicfarming.
Thepotentialofthedistrictbecominganorganicstate,andforexportsandforeignexchange,isreal.Strategicinitiativesinthefieldsofanimal
husbandry,fisheryandsericulturecouldresultingenerationofresourcesandoveralldevelopmentoftheruraleconomy.
Themajorcashcropsinthedistrictarepaddy,maize,millet,pulses,oilseeds,potato,ginger, chilly.Themarketingofthecashcropsare
throughlocalmarkets,entrepreneursandAPMCsinthestate.

26

Cropproductionandproductivity:
1.

Sl.
No.
Nameof
theDistrict.

3
Nameof
crops

Area
(ha)
Irri

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Papum
Pare.

Rice
Wheat
Pulses
Maize
Millet
Tur
Potato
Oilseed
Ginger
Chillies
Sugarcane

Rf.
10180

Kharif

Rabi

Zaid

Average
Yield(Qtl)
perha.
Irri

Rf.
22.30

Total
Production
(Qtl)
Irri

Rf.

Area
(ha)
Irri

Rf.

Average
Yieldper
ha(qtl)

Total
production
(qtl)

Irri

Irri

Rf.

Rf.

Area
(ha)
Irri

Rf. Irri Rf. Irri Rf.

22709
170

12.50

306
415

2500
695

18
13

71.42
14.76

10.50

436

4500
904
292
400

100
63

Average Total
Yieldper producti
ha(qtl) on(qtl)

90
10.80

2266
372

80
96

(Source:Detailsof200607asperStatisticalAbstractofArunachalPradesh2007,DirectorateofEconomics&Statistics,Itanagar)

27

Chapter6
ImplementationofwatershedprogrammesintheDistrictatpresent

a).AdministrativestructureforimplementingwatershedprogrammesintheDistrict.
The Nodal agency for implementation of IWDP in the District level is headed by DCcumCEO with Project Director, DRDA assisted by Assistant Project
Officers,TechnicalAssistantsand otherstaffs.PIAistheBDO,CDBlockassistedbyWatershedDevelopmentTeamMembers.
WatershedprogrammesofotherMinistriesareimplementedbyotherlinedepartmentssuchasNWDPRA&WDPSCA.

b).AreacoveredunderwatershedprogrammesintheDistrict:
UnderIWDP,atotalof7projectshavebeensanctionedsofarbyGOIcovering126villagesacross5Blockscoveringatotalwatershedareaof29,200Ha.

28

Statusofdistrictareacoveredunderthewatershedprogramme(ha)
1

Sl.
No.

Nameof
district

3
Totalmicro
watershedsinthe
District

No.

Area(ha.)

4
Microwatershedscoveredsofar
Dept.ofLand
OtherMinistries/
Resources
Depts.
PreIWMPprojects
Anyotherwatershed
(DPAP+DDP+IWDP)
project
No.

Area(ha.)

No.

Area(ha.)

Total
watersheds
covered

No.

Netwatershedsto
becovered

Area
(ha.)

No.

Area(ha.)

33,200

405
26=
379

3,81,767.45
33,200=
3,48,567.45

NWDPRA 3000
:

1.

Papum
Pare

405

3,81,767.45

IWDP6
Projects

29,200

06nos
(IX,X
&XIth
Plan)
WDPSCA: 1000
02nos
Total
4000

18+
8=
26

(Note:Theareadelineatedismorethanthetotalgeographicalareaaswatershedboundariescannotbecutinbetweenwhichmay overlapcertain
areasofAssam&neighbouringdistrictsoftheState)

29

DetailsregardingthewatershedprojectssanctionedbyDoLRinthedistrict:
1

S.No.

Item

Total

Area sanctioned in ha. (as per column 4 of

DoLRareainha.)
NamesoftheDistrictcovered
No.ofBlockscovered

29200

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

DPAP

4
PreIWMPschemedetails
DDP
IWDP
29200
01
5
(Doimukh,
Kimin,Balijan,Sagalee&Mengio)

01
5

No.ofwatershedprojectssanctionedbyDoLR
29200
No. of projects completed out of those taken NIL
atRow(4)
No.ofprojectsforeclosedofRow(4)
No.ofongoingprojectsofRow(4)
06
Areaalreadytreatedbycompletedprojectsof
Row(5)
Area for treatment by ongoing projects of
29200
Row(5)
Total area treated and under treatment (8)+
33,200
(9)
Area yet to be treated and proposed to be
NIL
treatedbyDoLR
(column1column10)

6nos

06nos

29200ha
29200(IWDP)+4000(NWDPRA
&WPSCA)
NIL

30

DetailsofthewatershedprojectsimplementedintheDistricwiththefinancialassistanceotherthanDoLR
1

S.
No

Item

Total

Areasanctionedinha.

2
3
4

Namesofthedistrictscovered
No.ofBlockscovered
No. of watershed projects
sanctionedotherthanDoLR
No. of projects completed outof
thosetakenatRow(4)
No.ofprojectsforeclosedofRow
(4)
No. of ongoing projects of Row
(4)
Area already treated by
completedprojectsofRow(5)
Area for treatment by ongoing
projectsofRow(5)
Total area treated and under
treatment(8)+(9)
Area yet to be treated and
proposed to be treated by other
thanDoLRresources
(column1column10)

5
6
7
8
9
10
11

40,000
01
05
06

4
WatershedschemesofotherMinistries
Ministry
Ministry
of
Planning
NABAR
ofE&
Commission
D
Agricultur
F,GoI
eGoI
NWDPRA
NA
NIL
NIL
WDPSCA
01
05
06

08

08

06

06

4000

4000

4000

4000

NA

NA

31

State
Govt.

EAP

#Others
(Pl.
Specify)

NIL

NIL

NIL

DetailsofpendingUCsoftheDistrict ason11/2009:

S.
No.

District

Project

Financi
Amount
alyear
Instl
release
of
lno.
d(Rs.
release
inlakh)
offund

Amount
utilized
(Rs.in
lakhs)

Submissionof
UC

Dateof
submissionof
UC

Due
date

Amount
(Rs.in
lakhs)

10

Reasonsfor
not
submitting/
Amou
delayed
nt
submissionof
Date
(Rs.in
UC
lakhs)

NIL
DetailsofUnspentbalanceasonSept2009:
(

1
S.No.

2
District

PapumPare

Financialfiguresindicatecumulativereleasesmade)

Project

Instal
mentno.

Financialyearof
releaseoffund(
latestrelease)

0809

PapumPare I

6
7
8
Amount
Amount
Unutilised
released
utilized
funds(Rs.In
(Rs.in
(Rs.inlakhs)
lakhs)
lakh)
186.58

32

114.97

71.61

11
PendingUCs
Amo
unt
(Rs.
Period
in
lakhs
)

PapumPare

PapumPareII

0809

229.01

223.98

5.03

PapumPare

PapumPareIII

0809

327.50

226.57

100.93

PapumPare

PapumPareIV

0809

122.87

68.99

53.88

PapumPare

PapumPareV

0809

49.19

13.22

35.97

PapumPare

PapumPareVI

0809

73.86

32.11

41.75

Chapter7
StrategyforimplementationofIntegratedWatershedManagementProgramme :
(IWMP)

a) PrioritizationofavailableareabasedonthecriteriaaspertheOperationalGuidelinesofDoLR

33

Microwatershed delineation of Papum Pare District gave rise to total watershed area of 3,81,767.45 ha with 405 nos of micro
watersheds ( MWS) which ranged from microwatershed areas in hectares of > 500, >500<1000, >1000<1500, >1500<2000 & >2000 ha
respectively.
Based on the parameters envisaged in the guideline for implementation of Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP), the
availablewatershedsofthedistrictwererankedaccordingtopriority.Fordeterminingtheparameters,peoplesparticipation,Scopefordeveloping
WaterHarvestingStructures(WHS),availabilityofworkforce,numbersofpeoplelivingBelowPovertyLines,Prevalenceofwastelands,common
landandJhumlandsandJhumiansetc.weretakenintoconsideration.
Thenetareaavailablefortreatmentinthedistrictis 1,47,098.2haandproposedaccordinglyforimplementationunderIWMPinthenext18
years intheStatePerspective&StrategicPlan(SPSP)dulyapprovedbyDOLR,GOIisshownasunder:
Sl.no Plan wise treatment to be
taken up as per SPSP
approved.

Areatobe
treated(ha).

1 XI Plan (20092010 to 2011

2012)
29,100

2 XII Plan (20122013 to 2016

2017)

Remarks

Blockwise
proposalfor
treatment
availablein
the
watershed
map
enclosed.

43,650

do

34

3 XIII Plan(20172018 to 2021

2022)
4 XIV(20222023to20262027)
Totalfor18years

41,031

do

33,317.17

do

1,47,098.2

Out of15,575hafinalized&submittedforsanctionduring20092010at2nosofCDBlockunderthedistrictonly6720ha(4520haJullang
underDoimukh&2200haatJoteunderBalijanCDBlock)hasbeenallowedforsanctionintheSteeringCommitteeMeeting Dated28/10/2009
conductedatDOLR,GOI.TheSteeringCommitteehasreasonednonperformance(delayinimplementation,UCsnotforthcoming,needofclosingpre
hariyalidormantprojectsetc)oftheDRDAsintheStateastheobstaclesinallowingmoreprojects.TheSLNAhassanctionedtheprojectvideNO.SLNA/
ITA /01 Dated 05/11/2009 based on Minutes of the Eight Meeting of the Steering Committee on IWMP held on 28/10/2009 circulated vide NO.Z
11011/23/2009PPCDated03/11/2009(copiesenclosed).
Thesanctionedprojectgivesscopesoftreatmentof6nosofMWS(watershedpolygonnos7428,7426,7424,7420,7366&7329)asindicatedin
the watershed map enclosed & strictly as per workplan & activities identified as annexed in the DPR. The activities are to be concentrated on compact
basisatJullang&JoteVillages.Natureofactivitiestobeforcommonuseofpeopleforincome/employmentgenerationoflandowner&peoplealso.
ThelistsofSHGs&UGsaregiveninthisDPR.ThelatitudesLongitudeofJullang&Jote&adjoiningprojectsites aretobetakenbytheGPSinstrument
as a data base & deterrent to manipulation at the time of implementationwhich will commensurate to the identified areas & to be exercised in the
presence of Watershed Committee & its Secretary with WDT representative. As the implementation will take place at cluster, the tentative areas (as
watershedpolygonareasmaynotconform)&coststhereof willbe6720harespectivelywithexpenditureaccordingly.

35

Thewatershedshavebeenrationally&logicallyrankedinorderofprioritybasedontheparametersenvisagedintheCommonProgramme
Guidelines.ForthehillystatesintheNER,shiftingcultivationispredominant.Astheprogrammeismeantforsuchareas,italsobecomesadetermining
technicalparameterforprioritization.Thirteenparametershavebeenformulatedandweightagesarealsoconceptualizedashereunder

Prioritizationofproject forsanctionduringthe200910
1
2
3
4
5
6
No.of
Typeof
micro
Proposed
project
Nameof
S.
watersheds project
the
(Hilly/
District
No.
area
proposed
project
Desert/
(ha)
tobe
Others)
covered
1. Papum IWMPI 6no
Jullang Hilly:6720
Pare
Doimukh
4520ha
CD
&
Block.
Jote
2200

7
Proposed
cost(Rs.
Inlakh)
1008

Total
6720

36

8
Weightageunderthecriteria#

ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix

7.5 10 5 5 0 0 5

x xi xii xiii Total

15 10 0 5

72.5

#Criteriaandweightageforselectionofwatershed
S.
Maximum
Criteria
No
score
.
i Povertyindex(%ofpoor
10
Above80%(10)
topopulation)
ii %ofSC/STpopulation
10
Morethan40%(10)
iii Actualwages
5
Actualwagesare
significantlylowerthan
minimumwages(5)

Ranges&scores
80to50%(7.5)

50to20%(5)
Lessthan20%(3)

iv %ofsmallandmarginal
farmers
v Groundwaterstatus
vi Moistureindex/
DPAP/DDPBlock
vii Areaunderrainfed
agriculture
viii Drinkingwater

10

Morethan80%(10)

20to40%(5)
Actualwagesare
equaltoorhigher
thanminimumwages
(0)
50to80%(5)

5
15
15

Overexploited(5)
66.7&below(15)
DDPBlock
Morethan90%(15)

Critical(3)
33.3to66.6(10)
DPAPBlock
80to90%(10)

10

Nosource(10)

ix Degradedland

15

Highabove20%(15)

15

Landswithlow
production&where
productivitycanbe
significantlyenhanced
withreasonableefforts
(15)
Contiguoustopreviously
treatedwatershed&

Productivitypotentialof
theland

xi Contiguitytoanother
watershedthathas

10

37

Below20
%(2.5)

Lessthan50%(3)

Subcritical(2)
Safe(0)
0to33.2(0)
NonDPAP/DDPBlock
70to80%(5)
Above70
%(Reject)
Problematicvillage
Partiallycovered(5)
Fully
(7.5)
covered
(0)
Medium10to20% Lowlessthan10%
(10)
ofTGA(5)
Landswithmoderate Landswithhigh
production&where
production&where
productivitycanbe
productivitycanbe
enhancedwith
marginallyenhanced
reasonableefforts(10) withreasonable
efforts(5)
Contiguitywithinthe
Neithercontiguousto
microwatershedsin
previouslytreated

alreadybeendeveloped/
treated

xii Clusterapproachinthe
plains(morethanone
contiguousmicro
watershedsintheproject)
Clusterapproachinthe
hills(morethanone
contiguousmicro
watershedsintheproject)

contiguitywithinthe
microwatershedsinthe
project(10)
15

Above6micro
watershedsincluster
(15)

theprojectbutnon
contiguousto
previouslytreated
watershed(5)
4to6
microwatershedsin
cluster(10)

watershednor
contiguitywithinthe
microwatershedsin
theproject(0)
2to4
microwatershedsin
cluster(5)

Above5micro
watershedsincluster
(15)

3to5
microwatershedsin
cluster(10)

2to3
microwatershedsin
cluster(5)

38

For assigning the weightages under different parameters for different projects quantitative data already compiled and tabulated in the previous
chaptersqualitativeinformationprovidedbyprojectimplementationagenciesandalsoobtainedfromlocalenquiriesareusedrationallyandcarefully.
The status with regard to peoples participation and contribution are decided based on the present situation in Hariyali projects as well as other
projectsimplementedinthevillageareas.Scopeforwaterharvesting isdecidedfromthestreamnetwork,flowavailableinthestreamsaswellasfeed
backgivenbytheWDTsoftheprojectimplementationagencies.Theavailabilityofsafedrinkingwatertotheconcernedwatershedcommunityhasbeen
assessed from the data base of PHE Department and general views of the District Administrations and traditional institutions. Quality of Drinking water
supplyasperPHEDeptt.is asfollows

39

 40

ThegroundwaterassessmentoftheprojectareabyWaterResourcesDeptt.Govt.ofArunachalPradeshtooisasunder

TheCensusofIndia2001isutilizedtoknowtheworkerspopulation,agriculturallaboursandanunderstandingaboutthepovertylevelwasmade
usingsuchcensusdata.

41

Wasteland statisticsistakenasthebasefor gradingthewatersheds which is amplyexplainedandalsoprovided intables inthe earlierchapters.

Similarlythesettlementareasmappedduringwastelandsurveywasusedtogiveweightages.
The wage rate in specific locations of the district is considered as per the informations provided by the project implementing agencies, district
authorityandthelocalpeople.Needforwageemploymentisassessedfromtheaboveinformations.Thewagerateprevailinginsomeofthevillagesare
Rs.80/to90/foreasy&toughplaces.
The jhum area both current and abandoned is available in terms of hectares within the project boundaries. The weightages given linearly
proportionate the area under jhuming. Scope for weaving away of jhumias from jhuming was given as feed back by the WCDC, DRDA, Yupia /PIAs
(BDO Doimukh & Balijan CD Block) andthese informations are used for assigning weight ages corresponding to the parameters. These information
whicharebothquantitativeandqualitativehavebeenusedforassigningtheweightagesfordifferentprojects.

42

Planwisephasingofphysical(areainha)
&financial(Rs.inCrore)targetsofIWMPfornext18years

District
S.No
1.

Remainingperiod
ofXIPlan
(200910to2011
12)
Phy.
Fin.

PapumPare

29100

43.65

Fin.

XIVPlan
(202223 Totalfor18
to2026
years
27)
Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin.

61.54
65

33317. 49.97 147098

17
576
.2

XIIPlan
XIIIPlan
(201213to (201718to
201617)
202122)
Phy.

Fin.

43650

65.47
5

Phy.
41031

220.6
473

Yearwisephasingofphysical(areainha)&
financial(Rs.inlakh)targetsofIWMPforremainingperiodofXIPlan
1

2
200910
Phy.

S.
No

District

No.of
projects

H&
D
1.

Papum
Pare

Fin.

No.of
project
s

Area

H&D
13000

3
RemainingperiodofXIPlan
201011
201112
Fin.
Phy.
Phy.
No.of
projects

Area

H
& O H&D O
D

1950

8100

Total
Fin.

No.of
projects

Area

H&
D

H&D O H&D O

1215

43

8000

Fin.

Phy.

1200

Area

H&D

2910
0

4365

H&DHilly&Difficultarea

OOthers

DetailsofPapumPare andcategorywise

areaproposedtobetakenupunderIWMPduringnext3yearsi.eupto11th FiveYearPlan.
(AreainHa.)
1

S.No. District

1.

Papum
Pare

Year
(2009to
2012)

Totalarea
available
for
treatment

Totalarea
proposedtotake
upunderIWMPin
thenext3years

Terrainoftheproposedarea

28100

Hilly

28100

28100

Desert

Landusetypeofproposedarea

Others
(Pl.
specify)

cultivated
rainfedarea

Uncultivated
Wasteland

28100

NIL

NIL

DetailsofPapumPareandcategorywisearea
proposedtobetakenupunderIWMPduringnext3yearsi.e upto11th FiveYearPlan.
(Areainha)
8

Ownershippatternoftheproposedarea

No.ofbeneficiariescovered

Private

Commu
Forest
nity

18467

64850.5

17825
0

Others
(pl.
specify)
25932.5

Total
area
28750
0

MF

844

SF
113
0

44

LF

Land
Total
less
NIL

318

6018

10
IdentifiedDPAP/DDPBlocks
covered
DPAP
No.of
blocks
NIL

Area
NIL

DDP
No.of
Area
blocks
NIL
NIL

(Ref:StatisticalabstractofAP2007)
ConvergenceofIWMPwithotherSchemesintheDistrict:
The DRDA, Papum Pare / Blocks have been implementing IWDP programme out of the three programmes (IWDP/DPAP/DDP) of the
department of Land Resources, Govt. of India, Ministry of Rural Development alongwith other RD programmes. Attempts are being made to ensure
convergenceoftheprogrammesasenvisagedunderrelevantguidelines.Hence,thescopeofconvergencewithotherschemeswillbecarriedoutwhere
everpossibleespeciallywithNREGA,IAYoranyotherareadevelopmentprogrammealthoughspecificquantumofcovergencetobetakenupcannotbe
indicated.
PublicPrivatePartnership:
Economic growth and human development are interlinked. Papum Pare by focusingon economic growth can expect to reap benefits through
increased levels of income, employment generation and reduction ineconomic disparities within the different regions of the district and thepopulace.
GovernmentsroleinmakingtheinvestmentscannotbeunderstatedbutthelimitedavailabilityoffinancialresourceswiththeGovernmentnecessitatesthat
privateinvestment,bothfromwithinandoutsidetheState,isencouraged.Harnessingoftheresourcesandpotentialsofwatershedprogrammerequirenot
onlyinvestmentsbutalsopolicyinterventionstoencouragesuchinvestments.
Outofthetotalgeographicalareaofthedistrictof287500Ha,about82,392 Haisdegradedand25014.36Haisrainfedarableland.This
includesdegradedlandnotonlyunderprivateownership,butalsowiththeclans.AlltheselandsareprioritizedfordevelopmentprojectsunderIntegrated
WatershedManagementProgramme(IWMP).
ThewatershedareatobecoveredunderIWMPprogrammeisnotsufficienttomeettherequiredtreatmentdemandofthedistrict.Thedegraded
areaswhichrequireimmediateinterventionfortreatmentcannotbeexecutedbygovernmentalonewithintheplanperiodtherefore,innovativestrategic
planningisinitiatedwiththesimultaneousinvolvementofbothgovernmentandprivateagencies.Theintegrationofgovernmentandprivateagencieswill
resultsintomaximumareacoveragewithinplanperiodwithsubstantialdevelopmentinthemicrowatershed.
The WCDC under DRDA, yupia & PIA (BDO, Doimukh & Balijan) & Watershed Committee under the guidance of SLNA will initiate public
privatepartnershipwith privatebusinesshouseswithconsiderableexpertiserelatedtowatersheddevelopmentprojects.TheWCDC,DRDA(onadviceof

45

SLNA)andtheprivateagenciescanenterintoagreementthroughalegallyenforceableMemorandumofUnderstanding(MoU)betweenthepartnerswith
clear entitlements and obligations of each partner. The private agencies with better access to marketing and financial institution can play vital role in
technologicalinputsandscientificplanningwiththeirlongtimetestedexperienceinprojectmanagement.
Lack of marketing linkages has been one of the key disincentives to farmers in producing surplus. The private agencies can formulate marketing
strategytosourceouttheproductsfromthewatershedareastoprospectivemarkets,creatingavenueforresidualincome.
Watershed Committee (WC) formed in the microwatershed villages can be sensitized to implement the proposed projects and encourage for
optimumutilizationandmanagementofresourcesinasustainablemanner.
However, the caution to be exercised while embarking on the path of economic development is to ensure that the resources available are used
efficientlyandinasustainableandplannedmannerforequitableeconomicgrowthwithinareasonabletimeframeof4yearswhichcanbeextendedtoa
maximumperiodof7yearssubjecttoimplementationasperprovisionsmadeinthisDPRwithoutanychangeonceapprovedbySLNA.

PlanningProcessDetailsofScientificcriteria/InputsusedinPlanning
(A)

PLANNING

Clusterapproach:
A cluster of 6 nos of MWS (watershed polygon nos 7238,7244,7252,7258,7265&7266) totaling to an area of 6720 hectare as
indicatedinthewatershedmapenclosedhasbeenearmarkedfortreatmentunderthreproject.Thisclusterofwatershedareaareidentifiedaspertheland
capability, classification for undertaking various activities such as afforestation horticulture development, soil & water conservation measures, WHS,
Livelihoodcomponent&soon.Theapproachtakenisonsustainabilitymodeandnotprojectoriented.

TechnicalBackstopping:
The process of planning and management of microwatershed activities are implemented with the technical inputs from renowned institutions.
Institutions providing technical supports are SIRD,Itanagar, ICAR,Basar, NERIST,Nirjuli, NESAC, Megalaya ,NIRD, Guwahati,KVK, Itanagar,KVIC,
Itanagar,DistrictIndustrialTrainingCentre,PapumPareetc.

46

BaselineSurvey:
Inallthemicrowatersheds,surveywereconductedbytheWDTsondemography,livelihoodpatterns,economicactivities,majoragriculturalcrops,
soiltypes,climatesandnaturalvegetations.Theindigenoustechnicalknowledgeswillbeincorporatedwithmoderntechnologyintheprocessofplanning
andmanagement.

Hydrogeologicalsurvey:
Hydrogeologically, the district is underlain by unconsolidated and semiconsolidated formations ranging in age from Upper Cretaceous to Recent.
Someoflthemicrowatershedsintheprojectaresituatedonplainareas &someonhilltops,thegroundwaterresourcescannotbetappedforvarious
use. The main source of water is from rainwater and few perennial and seasonal rivers. The rainwater is harnessed for use by constructing water
harvestingstructures,whichservesassourceforbothdrinkingandrecharginggroundwater.Thewaterfromperennialandseasonalriversisuseforminor
irrigationbycuttingchannelsthroughtheridges.Mechanismofharvestingwaterbyministoragetankswillbeexploredundertheproject.
Contourmapping:
ContourmappingwillbedoneforalltheWatershedareasasidentifiedforimplementationwiththehelpoftheodoliteanddumpylevelequipments.
Alltheactivitiesofthewatershedwillbecarriedoutasperthecontourmapping.

ParticipatoryNetPlanning(PNP):
WorkPlanforIWMPispreparedonthebasisofinformationgeneratedfromthebaselinesurveyofthewatershedareasanddetailedPRAexercise.
Assessmentofneedsofthewatershedareasandthewishesandaspirationsofthefarmers/villagecommunitiesaretakenintoaccount.Thisprogramme
beingabottomupplanningiscarriedoutinconsultationwiththevillageauthority,WatershedCommittee,VillageCouncilandWatershedAssociation.While
keepinginmindtoadheretotheguidelines,incertaincasestheneedarosetoexerciseflexibilityandadaptabilitytothelocalconditions,needsandsocial
structure.

Remotesensingdataespeciallysoil/crop/runoffcover:
TheremotesensingdataonalltheaspectsofmicrowatershedplanningwillbesourcedfromNorthEastSpaceApplicationCentre(NESAC),Shillong,
SRSAC,Itanagar&undertechnicalguidanceofIndianInstituteofTechnology,NewDelhi.

RidgetoValleytreatment:

47

Ridge to valley treatment approach proposed to be designed with the help of contour mapping and identification according to land capability
classification.Thetopsteepslopeswillbetreatedwithdifferenttreespeciesforbothprotectiveandproductivepurposes(afforestation)horticulturaland
fodder crops in the middle areas with contour bundings and half moonterraces and in the valley the land shall be developed for permanent farming of
cerealcropsandotherperennialcropsonasustainablebasis.

OnlineITconnectivity:
TheSLNAwillmaintainITcellthroughNICwhichisindirectonlineconnectivitywiththeMinistryofRD,GOIandthePIA/WCDCinallthedistrict
headquarters through CIC. Regular monitoring of the projects and effective dissemination of information to the PIA/DWDUs through high speed
Intranet/internetaccessandemailincludingproposalofuninterruptedconnectivitythroughVSet.

AvailabilityofGISlayers:
TheGISmapsofcadastral,villageboundaries,drainage,soil,landuse,groundwaterstatus,andwatershedboundariesofallmicrowatershedswere
allsourcedfromGIS/RemoteSensingApplicationCentre,Govt.ofArunachalPradesh,Itanagar,IITDelhi,NESAC,Megalaya.
(B)INPUTS

Biopesticides:
Locally available Biopesticide plants like neem, tobacco and chilly,Cucumber, ginger will be promoted along with Synthetic biopesticides such as
nicotine,pyrethrumandrotenoneanddiscouragetheindiscriminateuseofinorganicfertilizersandpesticides.

Organicmanures:
Theorganicmanureisderivedfrombiologicalsourceslikeplant,animalandhumanresidues.ItincludesFYM,compostandGreen
manure. Some of the commonly use plants to prepare organic manures are sunhemp, dhaincha, cow pea, etc., and concentrated
manures are also prepared from oilcakes, blood meal, fishmeal, meat meal and horn and hoof meal. The stakeholders shall be
encouragedtouseorganicmanurespreparedlocallyaswellasexternallytogenerateorganicfarmproduce.

Vermicompost:

48

Itisorganicmanureproducedbytheactivityofearthworms.Itisamethodofmakingcompostwiththeuseofearthwormsthat
generallyliveinsoil,eatbiomassandexcreteitindigestedform.Avermicompostunitineverymicrowatershedshallbeestablishedto
encourageorganicfarming.

Biofertilizer:
Biofertilizerslikerhizobium,aztobacter,azospirillium,azollaandmycorhizaewillbeutilizedwhereverneeded.

Watersavingdevices:
Water saving devices such as agrifilm/polythene, check dam, farm pond, gully plug, dry stone pitching, etc., will be employed according to the
locationandsiteofthewatershedareas.

Mechanizedtools/implements:
Mechanizedtools/implementsshallbeusedtoenhancethevalueofthefarmproduceandalsotoimprovetheefficiencyandproductivityoftheland.
Thefollowingtoolslikeginger,turmeric,chillygrinder,cardamomdryer,sugarcanecrusher,powertiller,pumpingset,etc.

Biofencing:
Agave,Erythrina,Thysanolaenamaxima,Euphorbianerifolia,Hisbiscusrosasinensis,Lantanacamara,etc.

Nutrientbudgeting:
Deficiency of macro and micro nutrients shall be analyzed and supplemented by application of macro nutrients like NPK. and other essential
nutrients.

Automaticwaterlevelrecorders&sedimentsamplers:
DistrictdepartmentofIrrigation&FloodControlshallberesponsibleforundertakingautomaticwaterlevelrecordingandsedimentsampling.The
SLNAwillalsomakeitsarrangementofrainfallgaugingatstateHQ.

49

Chapter8
Livelihoodconcerns:
AgriculturehastraditionallybeenandcontinuestobethemainsourceoflivelihoodofPapumParelife.Itisoneofthesignificantcontributorsto
thenetdistrictdomesticproductandisthelargestemployeroftheworkforceinthedistrict.Majorityofthetotalworkforceinthedistrictareengagedin
agricultural activities. Rearing of livestocks like cattle, poultry, and piggery is another important livelihood. Traditional cottage industries like weaving,
carpentry,handicraftsandblacksmitharealsotakenup.
ThedistrictisnotselfsufficientinproductionoffoodgrainswhichismanagedthroughsupplyofRice&WheatbyFCI&distributedbyAirfed&road
distribution centres. Nontraditional crops such as spices &rubber and sugarcane are also gaining popularity in recent years, promising to convert
agriculture from subsistence farming to commercially viable activity. The land is extremely fertile and can produce the best quality of agrobased,
horticultureandfloricultureproductsthroughorganicfarming.
AlikeotherdistrictofArunachalPradeshithasfollowedthepracticeofraisingcropsunderorganicconditionssincetimeimmemorial.Inthecontext
oftheglobalizationofagriculture,organicproductshavehighermarketvalue&thedistrictisinauniquepositiontotakeadvantageofthis.
PapumParehasahighlycongenialagroclimaticconditionforcultivationofawiderangeoffruits,vegetables,plantationcropsandflowers.Thearea
underhorticultureis 2.42% ofthetotalcroppedarea.Amongthecommercialcrops,nearly 45.97% oftheareaisoccupiedbyOilseeds,Potato with
24.13%,Ginger(12%)&Chillies(17.70%) asper200607arethemajorspicesgrown.Meanwhile,ithasbeenestimatedthatthedistrictimports
60% to 70% of the vegetable requirements. Systematic harnessing of this environment for growing high value crops will open up new dimensions for
improving the income and livelihood of the farmers. A scenario of the district cropped area of 25788 ha with cropping system as per DAO, Yupia is as
follows

50

 51

Livestockprovidesadditionalincomeandemploymenttothefarmers.Itisrichinitslivestockpopulation&hasaround68,784livestockpopulationin
2003asperLiveStockcensus.,outofwhichcattlepopulationis25921,Goats16,408,Pigs11,472,Mithun10,573,Horses/PoniesNIL,Dogs4288with
Poultryof84,447nosrespectively.Dairy,milkproductionandsaleofmeatarethemainactivitiesrelatedtolivestock.Importofmeatandmeatproducts
not only increases the cost of food but also results in outflow of resources. There are also 5 nos Veterinary Dispensary,13 nos Veterinary Aid
centres , 6 nos cattle up grading centres with one each Cattle Breeding Farm, Poultry Breeding Farms & Pig Breeding Farm. District
witnessedMilkproductionof61,616litresduring200607.
LocalFish&FishSeedproductionisalsodoneinthedistrictwhichaccountsfor2770tonneswithfishseed(fry)of30millionnos&Fingerling10
millionnosduring200607oftheState.FishproductionisalsoinsufficienthenceneedbeimportedfromnearbytownsofAssam.
Althoughagroproduce,handloomsandhandicraftsenjoyrecognitioninbothnationallmarketsbuthavenotbeenabletotakefulladvantageofthe
potentialandexistingdemandduetolimitedquantities,marketinglinkages,qualityandstandardizationconcerns.

Otherrawmaterialsandpotentialsavailable:

Papum Pare is richly endowed with unutilized and unexploited mineral resources Coal, Dolomite,Graphite, limestone, marble, FerroSilicon
Quartzite, Oil & Natural Gas, Lead & Zinc. Department. of Geology & Mining is the highest revenue earning one in the State.It had achieved a
royaltyofRs.17592.88crorefrom199596till200809asassessmentintheannualplan200910ofPlanningDeptt,Itanagar.

PapumParehastremendousforestresources.Itsforestcoveris 1782.5sqkm&above62percent.Assuch,forestsrepresenttherichestnatural
resource. The District has a wealth of herbal, medicinal and aromatic plants with tremendous economic potentials. The rich forest cover holds
tremendous potential for biotechnological manipulations and also indicates strength for a sustainable timber industry, especially through tree
cultivation. Therefore, biotechnology, which also represents one of the sunshine sectors, presents with a unique opportunity. There is great
urgency,therefore,inthisageofglobalization,forthegovernmenttoimmediatelyinstitutemeasuresofprotectionfortheserichesandalsotofind
adequatefundingforresearchanddocumentationinordertoreapbenefitsforthepeople.

Bamboo,thefastestgrowingandhighestyieldingrenewablenaturalresource,growing extensivelyallovertheState,constitutesone ofthemost

importantresourcesofArunachalPradesh,TheStatehassetupaBambooMissiontoexploittheresources.

52

The other sunshine sector, IT, also has potential for district. One of the advantages the State has is that its medium of instruction in schools is
English.Withadequateandappropriatetrainingprogrammes,thedistrictcouldtakeadvantageofthissector.
Withallthenaturaladvantagesandbeauty ofdistrict,includingculturaldiversityofthetribes,ecoandcommunitybasedtourismpresentsgreat
potential.
ThedistricthasanumberoffascinatingtouristspotsscatteredallovernamelyGangaLake,Museum,IndhiraGandhiPark,NERIST,Arunachal
University, Akashdeep Market Complex, Itanagar/Naharlagun Helipads.. But due to inadequate facilities yet to come up, only 1143 foreign
tourists and 50612 domestic tourists arrivedas on 31032007..Thelandscapeand topography of the district offersideallocations for developing
mountaineering,trekking,adventuretourism,watersports,aerosports,rafting,gliding,hiking,skiingaswellasmeresiteseeingfacilities
Itisindustriallybackwardregion,comparedtotherestofthecountry.Thereisnolargescaleindustryofindustrialunitandcottageandsmallscale
industrialstructureshavecraftandsericulturebecauseofavailabilityofrawmaterialforhandicraftdevelopmentandfavorableclimateforthegrowthofsilk
worms feed plants. No. of Villages & SSI units registered in the district is 108 with total employment of 1500 nos as on 31/03/07 & with an investment
Rs.2500lakhsduring0607.

Thedevelopmentalexperienceofdistricthasbeenfullofchallenge.Thegeographicalremotenessandinaccessibility,hillyterrain,lackofinfrastructure,
populationcomposition,scarceresourcesbase,disruptionofroadnetworkduetofrequentoccurrencesoflandslidesduringsummerseasonarethebiggest
problem hamperingdevelopments.
Harnessing of the resources and potentialsmineral, forest, agriculture, land, industryand the opportunities in trade, the new sectors of IT or
biotechnology require not only investments but also policy interventions to encourage such investments. Governments role in making the investments
cannot be understated but the limited availability of financial resources with the Government necessitates that private investment, both from within and
outsidethedistrictisencouraged.Byfocusingoneconomicgrowth,districtcanexpecttoreapbenefitsthroughincreasedlevelsofincome,employment
generationandreductionineconomicdisparitieswithinthedifferentregionsofthedistrictandthepopulace.
TheStateGovthasinitiateddevelopmentofcraftbyestablishmentofcraftcentres,emporium,showroomcumsalecounterinthedistrict,State
aswellasoutsidetheState.Last25yearswitnessedannualturnoutofcraftcentres@37.26%fromRs.3.493lakhs(197071)toRs.36.03lakhs(1995
96)withmarketablesaleincreaseatanaverageannualrateof93.34%fromitsverylowlevelofRs.2.891lakhs(197071)to70.35lakhsofrupees(1995
96). It means sale of craft products has been rising very fast. The infrastructure created is 81(199556) which has gone up to 616 SSI units (200607)
whichprovideemploymentintheruralareas.Sericulturedevelopmenthas28sericulturedemonstrationcentres,5sericulturerellingunits,79weaving
unitsin226villages.Varitiesofsilkrearreslike3578Eri,620Mulbarry,120Mugaand30OakTasarwhichoccupied7464130and220accarsoflandfor
developmentofthesesilkwormrearsrespectively.3ITI,14Industrialestatesat211.5accarsoflandhavebeenraisedforadevelopmentunderthesector.

53

During 200708, per capita net domestic product (at current prices) of the district was 24,793 against per capita income during 2001 as Rs.
20,157 (atconstant199900prices)asagainstRs.10,306 forthecountryasawhole.
Detailsoflivelihoodscreatedforlandlesspeople:
PapumPare isinhabitedbytribalpopulation(S/T)withfloatingpopulationwhoarebusineesman,labourerswhohavecome
fromoutsidethestateinsearchofemployment&Govt.officials.Acrosssectionoftribalpopulationinhahibitingtheprojectareaalthoughpossesssmall
plotoflandinheritedfromforefathersareverypoor&marginalfarmerswhoremainhandtomouththroughouttheyear.Theygrowpaddy&othercrops
whichcansustainthefamilymembersforamaximumperiodof6months&remainingperiodbydailywagesinotherwelltodofarmers&therebyremain
insufficienttofeedtheirfamiliesthroughouttheyearintermsoffoodrequirements.
Theamountof livelihoodavailabletothecommonmassesareinusefortheseclassofpoorpeoplewithS/Tpopulation
gettingcertain extrabenefitsunderdifferentprogammeofcentral/stategovtasBPLcategory.Certainsubsidizedratesoffoodgrains/executionunder
differentprogrammeareallowed.ThepresentlabourratesasapprovedbyLabourDeptt.isRs.80/&Rs.90/forSoft&hardareasrespectively.
Whereas,skilledlabourersarenotreadilyavailablefordifferentcategoriesofworks.Thesemanpowerhavetobepaidexorbitantlyforgettingthejobsdone
&putalongwithlocallabourers.WiththepresentwatershedinterventionsitisexpectedthatthehouseholdincomeisbroughtuptoRs.3345/from
Rs.2737/permonth.

Chapter9
Institutionalarrangements:
Theinstitutionalmodelandimplementationarrangementshavebeendevelopedtoensuretheachievementoftheprojectobjectivesinefficient
way.InviewofcommonguidelinesforwatersheddevelopmentprojectstheinstitutionalarrangementatState,District,PIAandPanchayatlevelhavebeen
designed.
Statelevel
STATELEVELNODALAGENCY:

54

RuralDevelopmentDirectorateinArunachalPradeshhasbeendeclaredasaNodaldepartmentandStateLevelNodalAgency(SLNA)hasalsobeen
constitutedon03112008underthechairmanshipofSecretary&Commissioner(RD)toimplementwatershedprojectsundernewCommonGuidelinesvide
para28.TheSLNAwillbehavinganindependentbankaccount.CentralassistanceforSLNAwillbetransferreddirectlytotheaccountofSLNA.TheSLNA
will sign an MOU with the Departmental Nodal Agency setting out mutual expectations with regard to performance, timelines and financial parameters
includingconditionsrelatedtoreleaseoffundstoSLNA.TheSLNAwillberequiredtoreviewtheprogrammeandprovideenablingmechanismtosetup
State Data Cell and ensure regular reporting to the Central Government/ Nodal Agency at the central level in the Department. There would be
multidisciplinaryprofessionalsupportteamattheStateleveltoimplementtheprogramme.TheStateLevelNodalAgencyishavingafulltimeCEOwhoisa
servingGovernmentofficer(Director,RuralDevelopment)andaSecretary/Commissioner(RD)asChairmanwithprofessionalexperts.
The SLNA consists of one representative from the NRAA, one representative from the Central Nodal Ministry (DOLR), one representative from
NABARD,onerepresentative eachfromthe StateDepartmentofRuralDevelopment,Agriculture,AnimalHusbandry,WorksDeptt.andalliedsector,one
representative from Ground Water Board and .one representative from an eminent voluntary organization and two professional experts from research
institutes/academiaofthestate.ThereisalsorepresentationfromNREGAandotherrelatedimplementingagenciesatthestatelevel.
TheSLNAwillsanctionwatershedprojectsfortheStateonthebasisofapprovedstateperspectiveandstrategicplanasperprocedureinvogueand
overseeallwatershedprojectsinthestatewithintheparameterssetoutintheseGuidelines.
StateLevelMonitoring/EvaluationCell:
Asper26&27ofcommonguidelineforWatershedDevelopmentprojectateamof4to7professionalsfromdisciplineslikeagriculture,Engineering,
watermanagement,capacitybuildingsocialmobilization,economicinformationtechnology,administrationandfinanceandaccountswillbeengagedto
assisttheStateLevelNodalAgency.Requisitenumberofadministrativestaffwillsupportthisteamofexperts.Thenumbersofofficers/officialstobe
engagedwillbedecidedinviewoftheadmissibilityofthefunds.ApartfromaboveaStateleveldatacentrewillbecreatedfortechnicalsupporttodistrict
watershedcell&datacentreunitsallovertheStateandtoensuretheregularandqualityonlinemonitoringofWatershedprojects.TheStateLeveldata
CentrewillbeconnectedonlinewithNationalLeveldataCentre
ThemainfunctionsoftheSLNA:
a) Prepareaperspectiveandstrategicplanofwatersheddevelopmentforthestateonthebasisofplanspreparedattheblockanddistrictleveland
indicate implementation strategy and expected outputs/outcomes, financial outlays and approach the Nodal Agency at the central level in the
Departmentforappraisalandclearance.

55

b) EstablishandmaintainastateleveldatacellfromthefundssanctionedtotheStates,andconnectitonlinewiththeNationalLevelDataCentre.
c) ProvidetechnicalsupporttoDistrictWatershedDevelopmentUnits(DWDU)/watershedCellcumDatacentreatDRDAsofthestate.
d) Approve a list of independent institutions for capacity building of various stakeholders within the state and work out the overall capacity building
strategyinconsultationwithNRAA/NodalDOLR.
e) ApproveProjectImplementingAgenciesidentified/selectedbyDWDU/DistrictLevelCommitteebyadoptingappropriateobjectiveselectioncriteria
andtransparentsystems.
f) Establishmonitoring,evaluationandlearningsystemsatvariouslevels(Internalandexternal/independentsystems).
g) Ensureregularandqualityonlinemonitoringofwatershed'projectsinthestateinassociationwithNodalAgencyatthecentrallevelandsecuring
feedbackbydevelopingpartnershipswithindependentandcapableagencies.
h) ConstituteapanelofIndependentInstitutionalEvaluatorsforallwatershedprojectswithinthestate,getthispaneldulyapprovedbytheconcerned
NodalAgenciesatthecentrallevelandensurethatqualityevaluationstakeplaceonaregularbasis.
i) PrepareStateSpecificProcessGuidelines,TechnologyManualsetcincoordinationwiththeNodalMinistry/NRAAandoperationalisethesame.

56

DetailsofSLNA
1

S.
No.

Dateof
Notification

TypeofSLNA

DateofMoU
withDoLR

1,

CD(RE)01/08
09(IWMP)Dtd
03/11/2008(
AnnexureI)

Govt.Department

Yettobe
signed.

5
Totalno.of
membersof
SLNA
15

DetailsofSLNA(Contd..)
6
Chairperson

7
CEO
#

Name

Shri.
Tape
Bagra

Designation

Commissioner
&Secretary,
Dept.ofRural
Development.

Dateof
Natureof
Name Designation
Appointment appointment
Shri.
Director,
Jokey
Rural
Angu Development

Normal
posting
03112008

(SLNAisa
StateGovt.
Department)

57

Tenure
(No.of
years)

ContactPh.No./Fax/Email

Till
transfer/
retirement

Ph.No:0360
2212391/2290764/2291057
Mobile:
9436040225/9436058433/9436040943

DetailsoffunctionariesintheSLNA:
1

2
Total
no.
of
pers
ons
work
S.
ing
No.
in
the
SLNA
for
IWM
P
1
9nos

4
DetailsofthepersonsengagedintheSLNAfundedbyDoLR

Monthly
emolume
ntsofall
the
persons
working
inthe
SLNAfor
IWMP

Shall
be
borne by
the state
Govt. as
per their
status and
scale.

Names&
Designatio
n

Nature
Monthly
Dateof
Tenure
of
remuner Appointm
(No.of
appoint
ation
ent
years)
ment$

Sri T. Bagra, Asperthe 240908 Through

Govt.
IAS,
statusand
departme
Secy.
scale
ntal
/Commission
posting
er(RD)
(Chairman)

Till
Transfer
/retirem
ent

Contact
Subject
Ph.
Qualif
Experien
of
No./
i
Expertis
ce
cation
Fax/
e
Email

Role

Chairma Administ MA(Pol Served

Administ
n
ration & Sci),
as
ration
0360/22 Law
LLB
Lecturer,
12391(O
Inducted
&F)/094
into
36o4022
APCS
5(M),E
(Sr) in
mail:

the
capacity
of EAC,
D.C,
Secretar
y,
RC
(Delhi)&

Jokey
Asperthe 240908 Through
Govt.
Angu,APCS, statusand
departme
Director(RD scale
ntal
)&
Joint
posting
Secretary
toHCM.
(CEO)

59

Till
Transfer
/retirem
ent

CEO
Administ
0360/22 rative
90764(O officer
&F)
/094360
58433(M
)/09436
040046(
M)&E
mail:

BA
(Eng)

presentl
y
as
Commiss
ioner(RD
,RWD),
Govt. of
Arunach
al
Pradesh.
Inducted Administ
into EAC ration
through
APPSC,
served
as
administ
rative
officers,
Project
Director,
DRDA,
D.C,
Registrar
Co
operativ
e
Societies
&
presentl

y
as
Joint
Secretar
ytoHCM
in
addition
to
Director,
RD.
0360/22 Enginerin BE(Civi Assistant
Minjom
Asperthe 240908 Through Till
Govt.
Transfer
91057/0 g
l)
Padu, Joint statusand
Engineer
departme
/retirem
9436040
scale
Director

in
ntal
ent
943
(RE)cum
PWD
posting
SNO,IWDP/
through
Hariyali,
PSC,
RD.
Arunach
(Member
al
Secretary)
Pradesh
in 1989.
supervisi
oed field
works of
various
Bldg,
roads &
other
infrastru
cturesas
site

60

Head
,Subject
Matter
Specialist

engineer
,
presentl
y
serving
in
Rural
Develop
ment
Deptt.
on
deputati
on since
2004 &
involved
in
planning
,
monitori
ng
&
supervisi
on of in
IWDP/
Hariyali
as Nodal
officers
for the
last
6
years.

61

T.
Ado,
Joint
Director,
RD.
(Member)
Smti N.B.
Doye, Dy.
Director
(RD)
(Member)
Shri
S.
Choudhury,
Extension
Officer(RE)
(Member)

Miss
R.
Pertin,
Extension
Officer(RE)
(Member)
2nos
@ 2
nos
25,000=50 member.
,000.00

0360/22 Economi
Asperthe 240908 Through Till
Govt.
Transfer 91059/0 st
statusand
departme
/retirem 0986291
scale
ntal
posting

Asperthe 240908 Through

Govt.
statusand
departme
scale
ntal
posting

Asperthe 240908 Through

Govt.
statusand
departme
scale
ntal
posting

Asperthe 240908 Through

Govt.
statusand
departme
scale
ntal
posting

To
be
taken on
contract/
deputatio
n.

On
contract/
Deputatio
n.

62

MA(Ec
ol)

Dealing
with all
RD
ent
7758
Program
mes
Till
0360/22 Women BA
Dealing
Transfer 91059/0 Develop (Eng) with all
/retirem 0986291 ment
RD
ent
7758
Program
mes
Till
0360/22 Enginerri Diplom Dealing
Transfer 91057/0 ng
(Civil) with all
/retirem 0943605
RD
ent
5854
Program
mes for
last 15
years
Till
0360/22 Enginerri BE
Dealing
Transfer 91057/0 ng
(Civil) with all
/retirem 0961248
RD
ent
4334
Program
mes.
As per Tobe
Agri & Minimu Having
terms of intimate Horti
m
thorough
contract/ dlater.
Degree knowled
deputati
ge about
on.
watershe

Subject
Matter
Specialist

Subject
Matter
Specialist

Subject
Matter
Specialist

Subject
Matter
Specialist

Subject
Matter
Specialist
s

d
program
me.
*

DetailsofStateLevelDataCell(SLDC)functionaries:
1

Totalno.
ofpersons
S.
workingin
No.
theSLDC
forIWMP
1.

3
4
Monthly
DetailsofthepersonsengagedintheSLDCtobefundedbyDoLR
emoluments
Contact
ofallthe
Nature
Dateof
Tenure
persons
Ph.No./ Qualifi
Names&
Monthly
of
Experience
workingin Designation remuneration Appoint appoint (No.of
Fax/
cation
ment
years)
theSLDC
ment$
Email
forIWMP
Till
Sri Pankaj As per the Regular regular
0360
B.com Worked as
Transfe 2291057
Das, UDC statusandscale Govt
Computer
r/retire (o),
cum
operator &
Official .
ment
attached
Computer
ButGovt
0985657
to JD(RE),
Operator,
notificati
1800
RD as PA
RDDeptt.
being
(M)
Shallbeborne
cum
bythestate
issued
computer
Govt.asper
shortly
Operator
thestatusand
scale

for last 12
years.
Dealt with
IWDP/Hari
yali
&
other RD
programm

63

Role

Monit
oring,
superv
ision/
online
data
entrie
s.

e
as
computer
expert for
last 7
years

T.Yami,UDC

SriLigeEte
3

4
to
6

To
be
taken
on
Contract &
support
needed
3nos
fromDOLR.
(1,20,000/)

B.A.

Working in
IWDP/Hari
yali cell of
Directorate
since
4
years.
30000/
Apptt.
Contract Till
0360/22 M.A(Pol Worked
Being
comple 91795
Sc)
in
issued
tion of /094020
Insurance
shortly
project 43860.
& private
by State
.
firms.
Govt.
Having
Basic
knowledg
e
of
computer
/
data
entries.
30000/each
Minimu Should
To be m
have
intimate Degree knowledge
dlater. in
of
IT/Com computer
puter
application

64

Data
mana
geme
nt and
analys
is.

do

do

Appl.
/Agri/H
orti
backgro
ung

TheSLNAisyettoberegisteredunderSocietyRegistrationAct1860forwhichtheDepartmenthasprocessedthematters.Ithasstartedfunctioningwith
openingofSLNAAccountinnationalizedBankagainstwhichtheSLNAAdministrationfundhasbeentransferredbyDoLR,GOI.Ithasalsorequestedthesteering
Committeeheldon28th Oct2009forplacingtheprojectfundsattheSLNAaccounttoensureproperandtimelyimplementationunlikethedelaysobservedinthe
IWDP/Hariyaliprojectssothatappropriatemechanismofspeedyimplementationcanbemade.
District

Level

Institutional

arrangements

Watershed cell cum data centre in DRDA:

Arunachal Pradesh State Government has issued orders to establish the District Watershed Development Unit (DWDU) in each district
with Project Director/District head of line departments as Project Manager (on specific approval of SLNA). In the instant project the DWDU
as not approved by Union Cabinet & Watershed Cell cum Data Centre (WCDC of DRDA) allowed will oversee the implementation of
watershed programme in each district and will have separate independent accounts for this purpose. WCDC will function in close co
ordination with the District Planning Committee. There will also be a representation in WCDC for NREGA implementing agencies at the
district level.
WCDC would function as a separate unit under DRDA with full time officer well conversant, dealing with watershed programme for last 5
years minimum & not below the rank of Technical Assistant as subject specialist) identified with supporting staffs as admissible & allowed
by DOLR/SLNA on contract/deputation/transfer etc. The arrangements for setting up/ strengthening the District Data Cell will be
financially supported by the Government of India after review of available staff, infrastructure and the actual requirement.

65

The main functions of WCDC will be :

a) Identify potential Project Implementing Agencies (PIAs) in consultation with SLNA as per the empanelment process as decided by the
respective state governments.
b) Take up the overall responsibility of facilitating the preparation of strategic and annual action plans for watershed development
projects in respective districts.
c) Providing professional technical support to Project Implementing Agencies (PIAs) in planning and execution of watershed development
projects.
d) Develop action plans for capacity building, with close involvement of resource organizations to execute the capacity building action
plans.
e) Carry out regular monitoring, evaluation and learning.
f) Ensure smooth flow of funds to watershed development projects.
g) Ensure timely submission of required documents to SLNA / Nodal Agency of the Department at central level.
h) Facilitate coordination with relevant programmes of agriculture, horticulture, rural development, animal husbandry, etc with
watershed development projects for enhancement of productivity and livelihoods.

66

i) Integrate watershed development projects/ plans into District Plans of the district planning committees. All expenditure of watershed
projects would be reflected in district plans.
j) Establish and maintain the District Level Data Cell and link it to the State Level and National Level Data Centre.
'

DistrictWatershedDevelopmentUnit asnotapprovedbyUnionCabinetbutwatershedcellcumdatacentre(WCDC)withoneexpertanddataentry
operators with an officer not below the rank of TA (Actively involved for the last to 6 10 years) is positioned in the DRDA level for over seeing Planning,
SupervisionandMonitoringatDRDAlevel.SeparatecorrespondenceisalsobeinginitiatedtoDoLR,GOIastheDRDAhasalreadywatershedongoingprojects
coveringmorethan25,000ha.andforfinancialsupportforinfrastructurefacilitatingpromptMISetc.
TheDWDU/DistrictWatershedCellhavebeennotifiedcommonlyforallDistrictofArunachalPradeshwithPD,DRDA/DistrictsOfficersof
LineDepartments(EEofWorksDepartment/DHO/DAO/DFO/DVO)subjecttospecificapprovalofSLNA/StateGovt).Forthepurposeof
thisprojecttheWCDCunderDRDA,YupiawithanAPO/TAdesignatedasofficerconcernedunderPD,DRDA,Yupiawillfunction.
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
Monthly DetailsofthetwopersonnelengagedintheWatershedCellfundedbyDoLR
Total emolu
no.of
Nameof
Dateof
ments
Contact
Name
Statusof
Name
Nature
S.
the
signingof persons ofall
Monthly Dateof
Tenure Ph.
ofthe
Chairman
of
Qualifi Experienc
No.
executing
MoUwith working persons and
Remun
Appoint
(No.of No./
Role
District
@
Designati
appoint
cation
e
for working
Agency#
SLNA
eration ment
years) Fax/
on
ment$
IWMP
for
email
IWMP
1
DRDA, PD,
NotYet 5nosat Rs.34,5 1.
Contract Tillthe
Have
completi
Yupia( DRDA,
WCDC 00.00 K.Peyang
w.e.f.01//Asper
03783/ Degree been in Overal
Papum
onofthe
Witha Yupiato
under
,Project Rs.15,0 12/2009.Govt.
222310
involved l
Pare
WCDC function
DRDA,Y
Manager. 00.00
transfer project. (o),222
in
contro
headed as
upia
for
&
201,9
Watershe lof

67

byan Project
APO/TA Manager
as
under
designatethe
dofficer guidance
under of
PD, designat
DRDA, edofficer
Yupiaon at
approval column
ofSLNA).3.

,Papum
Pare
withthe
PDas
Project
Manager
.(Staff
details
asper
footnot
e)

paymen
tof
2.APO/TA honorar
tobe
ium/TA
nominate /DAas
dtodo per
dutiesof actual
Technical works
Experton done
approval by
ofSLNA. Tech.
Expert
i/c
hiring
ofother
experts
.

posting.

StaffstoworkinWCDCunderDRDAwithratesofemoluments:
Sl.no.

Post

1. TechnicalExpert

Monthlyrate
Rs.15,000/P.M.

Remarks
AnAPO/TA,DRDA,Yupiatobe
DesignatedasNodalofficer,WCDCunder
DRDA&willperformdutiesoftechnical

68

436045
659.

d
Water
manage shed
mentfor progra
last6yrs.mme.
Tech.
Diplom
a/Degr
ee
with
experie
nce
inwater
shed
manag
ement
forlast
6
years.

Planni
ng/
Super
vision
and
Monit
oring(
MIS).

expert.Othertech.officersofDRDA&
CDBlockwillalso
assisthim&ifneededcanhireexpertsfrom
outwiseofDRDA/Block.Themonthlyrate
earmarkedwillbeutilizedfordisbursements
ofremuneration/honorarium/TA/DAto
expertshired.
2.Accountant

Rs.10,000/P.M.

AnAccountsbackgroundpreferablyretiredstaffto
bepreferred.TillthenanaccountsclerkinDRDA
willperformthedutiesundersupervisionof
AccountsofficerofDRDA.Theaccountsclerkto
LookafterWCDCAccountantsworkwillhaveto
beapproved bySLNA.

3.DataEntryOperator2nos.Rs.6000/P.M.
4.OfficeAssistant

Rs.3500/P.M

shouldbeComputertrained.
Formultipurposeusageaspeon/helper

69

RoleofPanchayatiRajInstitutionsatdistrictandintermediatelevels:
ThefullresponsibilityofoverseeingthewatershedprogramwithinthedistrictwillliewiththeWCDCwhichwillworkinclosecollaborationwiththeDistrict
Planning Committee (DPC). The DPC will provide full governance support to the programme , DPC will formally approve the perspective plan & integrate the
watersheddevelopmentplansapprovedbySLNA&agreeduponbyDOLRwithoveralldistrictplansandalsooverseeits'implementation.WCDCwillhelpthe
DPCinprovidingoversightandensuringregularmonitoringandevaluationoftheprogramme.TheDistrictPanchayat/ZillaParishadwillhaveanimportantrole
ofgovernanceinmattersrelatingtothecoordinationofvarioussectoralschemeswithwatersheddevelopmentprojects,reviewofprogress,settlingdisputesetc.
Similarly, Intermediate Panchayats have an important role in planning the watershed development projects at the intermediate level. They can also
providevaluablesupporttoPIAsandGramPanchayats/WatershedCommitteesintechnicalguidancewiththehelpoftheirsubjectmatterspecialist.
InstitutionalArrangementsat ProjectLevel:
PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTINGAGENCY(PIA):
The implementation of watershed projects in different districts will be done through theProgramme implementing Agencies (PIAs). As per common
guidelines, these PIAs may include relevant line departments, autonomous organization under State / Central Government, Panchayat Samiti, Voluntary
Organization (VOs). However, the selection of PIAs will be preferred on the basis of prior experience in watershed related aspects or management of
watersheddevelopmentandtheyshouldbepreparedtoconstitutededicatedWatershedDevelopmentTeam(WDT).InviewofcommonguidelinesthePIAs
wouldbedecidedbytheStateLevelNodalAgencyontherecommendationofDistrictwatershedcellcumdatacentreofDRDA.However,thefollowingcriteria
willbefollowedintheselectionofthePIAs.

PIAshouldpreferablyhavepriorexperienceinwatershedrelatedaspectsormanagementofwatersheddevelopmentprojects.

PIAshouldbepreparedtoconstitutededicatedWatershedDevelopmentTeams.

70

VoluntaryOrganizations(VOs):
VoluntaryOrganizationswillhaveanimportantroleintheprogramandtheirserviceswillbeutilizedsubstantivelyintheareasofawarenessgeneration,
capacity building, IEC and social audit among others. As far as direct implementation of the programme is concerned, Voluntary Organizations (VOs) with
establishedcredentialsmaybechosenasPIAsonthebasisofdetailedcriteriaasenumeratedbelow.

TheVoluntaryOrganizations(VOs)wouldneedtosatisfythefollowingcriteriatobeselectedasPIA:

Shouldbearegisteredlegalentityofatleast5yearsstanding.

Shouldhavehadatleast3yearsoffieldexperienceintheareaofcommunitybasedNaturalResourceManagementandlivelihooddevelopment.

ShouldnothavebeenblacklistedbyCAPARToranyotherDepartmentofGovernmentofIndiaorStateGovernment.

Shouldbeequippedwithadedicated,multidisciplinaryteamwithgenderbalance.

Shouldfurnishthreeyearsbalancesheet,auditedstatementofaccountsandincomereturns.Allaccountsoftheorganizationshouldbeuptodate.

ShouldfurnishtheprofileofitsBoardofDirectors. Shouldhavesuccessfullyimplementedprojectsindependently.

Itwillbesubjectedtothefollowingconditions:

71

i.

Atanypointoftime,oneVOcannotbeassignedmorethan10,000haareainadistrict

ii.

Atanypointoftime,oneVOcannotbeassignedmorethan30,000haareainaState.

iii.

Inanycase,notmorethan1/4thofthetotalProjectsatatimeinaStatetobeimplementedbyVOs.

SelectedPIAswillsignacontract/MOUwiththeconcernedWCDC,DistrictLevelCommittee.Itwillspelloutwelldefinedannualoutcomes,againstwhich
theperformanceofeachPIAwillbemonitoredeachyearandevaluatedonaregularbasisbyinstitutionalevaluatorsfromapanelapprovedbytheSLNA
/DOLR,GOI.

Each PIA must put in position dedicated watershed development team (WDT) with the approval of WCDC under DRDA. The WDT will be hired on
contract/deputation/transferetcforatermnotexceedingtheprojectperiod.ThecompositionoftheWDTwillbeindicatedinthecontract/MOU.No
programmefundsforDPRandwatershedworksunderanycircumstancesshouldbereleasedtoeitherthePIAorWatershedCommittee(WC)unlessthe
compositionoftheWDThasbeenclearlyindicatedintheMOU/contractandtheteammembersarefullyinplace.

RolesandResponsibilitiesofthePIA:

The Project Implementing Agency (PIA) will provide necessary technical guidance to the Gram Panchayat for preparation of development plans for the
watershedthroughParticipatoryRuralAppraisal(PRA)exercise,undertakecommunityorganizationandtrainingforthevillagecommunities,supervisewatershed
developmentactivities,inspectandauthenticateprojectaccounts,encourageadoptionoflowcosttechnologiesandbuilduponindigenoustechnicalknowledge,
monitorandreviewtheoverallprojectimplementationandsetupinstitutionalarrangementsforpostprojectoperationandmaintenanceandfurtherdevelopment
oftheassetscreatedduringtheprojectperiod.

72

ThePIA,aftercarefulscrutiny,shallsubmittheActionPlanforWatershedDevelopmentProjectforapprovaloftheWCDCandotherarrangements.The
PIAshallsubmittheperiodicalprogressreporttoWCDC.ThePIAshallalsoarrangephysical,financial andsocial auditoftheworkundertaken.Itwill
facilitate the mobilization of additional financial resources from other government programmes, such as NREGA, National Horticulture Mission, Tribal
WelfareSchemes,ArtificialGroundWaterRecharging,GreeningIndia,etc.
The State Govt has approved BDO / line Departments / Voluntary Organization for nomination as PIA (for which specific approval has to be
givenbySLNA)underwatershedprojects.FortheinstantprojecttheBDO,Doimukh&BalijanCDBlockwillbethePIAs,whichwillbeofficiallyratified
bySLNA.Theparameterstakenintoconsiderationwerebasedontheprojectarea(Jullang&Jote&adjoiningareas,whoseMWSindicatedwithlatitude
longitude)beingwithinthejurisdictionoftheCDBlock&sinceitsunderRuralDevelopmentDepartment,theSLNAbeingundersamedepartmentCanexercise
fullcontroloverimplementation,judiciousexpenditure,supervision&monitoringwithwatershedcellcumdatacentreunder DRDA,Yupia.ThePIAhasa
strongdedicatedmultidisciplinaryteamofexpertswithvastexperienceinthefieldofprojectimplementationandmanagementofwatershedprogramme.The
PIA has penetrated down to the grassroots level, with a major project benefits going directly to village communities of Darka with special emphasis to
communities under project area. It will serve as a catalyst for district in encouraging and spreading new ideas in developing and improving land use system
whichensurefoodsecurity,enhancecashreturns,generatenewemploymentopportunities,andconservetherichbiodiversityofState.

The PIAs will in addition to discharging responsibility / duties as envisaged in the Guideline constitute Watershed Development Team (WDT).
WDT is an integral part of the PIA and will be set up by the PIA. Each WDT should have at least four members, broadly with knowledge and experience in
agriculture, soil science, water management, social mobilisation and institutional building. At least one of the WDT members should be a woman. The WDT
membersshouldpreferablyhaveaprofessionaldegree.However,thequalificationcanberelaxedbytheWCDCwiththeapprovalofSLNAindeservingcases
keepinginviewthepracticalfieldexperienceofthecandidate.TheWDTshouldbelocatedascloseaspossibletothewatershedproject.Atthesametime,it
must be ensured that the WDT should function in close collaboration with the team of experts at the district and state level. The expenses towards the
salaries/remunerationoftheWDTmembersshallbechargedfromtheadministrativesupporttothePIA.WCDCwillfacilitatethetrainingoftheWDTmembers.
TheWDTTeamshallbehiredoncontract/deputation/transferetc.CompositionofWDTisalsorequiredtobeindicatedinMOU/ContractthePIAis
tosignwiththeDistrictlevelcommitteewhichshallbepreferablyheadedbyDeputyCommissionercumCEODRDA/chairman,ZP.ThecompositionofWDTfor
theinstantprojectsshallbeasfollows

73

WatershedDevelopmentTeamfoIWMPIDOIMUKH&BALIJAN CDBlocks:
AstheprojectareasatJullangwith4520hafallsunderDoimukhCDBlock&Jotewith2200underBalijanCDBlock,theremaybetwo
separateWDTsallowable.However,twoWDTsforsingleprojectmaybeappearingcumbersome,WCDC/BDOsmaymootWDTofJullangalsoapplicableforJote
underBalijan/anyothersuitablearrangement.

74

 75

( N.B: The process of selection of WDT Members is through Departmental proper screening based on requisite qualification and experiences which
fulfillsthecriteriaasaSubjectMatterSpecialistprescribedbythewatershedguidelinesissuedbytheGovt.ofIndia.Moreover,theBlockshavesubject
wiseexpertsalreadypositionedatBlockleveli/clineDepartments)
RolesandresponsibilitiesofWDT:
The WDT will guide the Watershed Committee (WC) in the formulation of the watershed action plan. An indicative list of the roles and
responsibilitiesoftheWDTwouldincludeamongothers,thefollowing

AssistVillageCommunities/GramPanchayat/GramSabhainconstitutionoftheWatershedCommitteeandtheirfunctioning.
OrganizingandnurturingUserGroupsandSelfHelpGroups.
Mobilisingwomentoensurethattheperspectivesandinterestsofwomenareadequatelyreflectedinthewatershedactionplan.
Conductingtheparticipatorybaselinesurveys,trainingandcapacitybuilding.
Preparing detailed resource development plans including water and soil conservation or reclamation etc. to promote sustainable
livelihoodsathouseholdlevel.
Commonpropertyresourcemanagementandequitablesharing.
PreparingDetailedProjectReport(DPR)fortheconsiderationofGramSabha(whichisoutsourcedintheinstantcase)
Undertakeengineeringsurveys,prepareengineeringdrawingsandcostestimatesforanystructurestobebuilt.
Monitoring,checking,assessing,undertakingphysical verificationand'measurementsoftheworkdone.
Facilitatingthedevelopmentoflivelihoodopportunitiesforthelandless.
Maintainingprojectaccounts.
Arrangingphysical,financialandsocialauditoftheworkundertaken.
Settingupsuitablearrangementsforpostprojectoperation,maintenanceandfuturedevelopmentoftheassetscreatedduringtheprojectperiod.

76

ThePIAwillalso
a).ProvidetechnicalsupporttoVillagecommunities/GPinpreparationofDevelopmentplanthroughPRAexercise,undertakecommunityorganization/training
for village communities, supervise watershed development activities, inspect & authenticate project accounts, encourage low cost technologies ,build upon
indigenoustechnicalknowledge,monitor&reviewoverallprojectimplementation&setupinstitutionalarrangementsforpostprojectoperation&maintenance&
further development of assets created during project period including ensuring timely implementation of the project by providing all possible support to the
watershed committee. The Action Plan as out lined in the instant DPR will have to be converted into reality under the leadership of PIA who will also ensure
submissionofdatabaseforonlinetransmissionofinformation
b). TheActionPlan/watersheddevelopmentplanasoutlinedintheinstantDPRtobeconvertedintorealityundertheleadershipofPIAwhowillalsoensure
submissionofdatabase,periodicalprogressreportsforonlinetransmissionofinformationtoWCDCofDRDA.ThePIAwillalsoinitiateactionsforformalapproval
ofPRI/DRDAofActionplanwithoutanymodification.
LocalLevelInstitutions:
WATERSHEDCOMMITTEE(WC):

TheVillagecommunities/GramSabhawillconstitutetheWatershedCommittee(WC)toimplementtheWatershedprojectwiththetechnicalsupportofthe
WDTinthevillage.TheWatershedCommittee(WC)hastoberegisteredundertheSocietyRegistrationAct,1860.TheGramSabhamayelect/appointany
suitablepersonfromthevillageastheChairmanofWatershedCommittee.ThesecretaryoftheWatershedCommittee.(WC)willbeapaidfunctionaryof
theWatershedCommittee(WC).TheWatershedCommittee(WC)willcompriseofatleast10members,halfofthemembersshallberepresentativesof
SHGsandUserGroups,SC/STcommunity,womenandlandlesspersonsinthevillage.OnememberoftheWDTshallalsoberepresentedintheWatershed
Committee (WC). Where the Panchayat covers more than one village, they would constitute a separate subcommittee for each village to manage the
watersheddevelopmentprojectintheconcernedvillage.WhereawatershedprojectcoversmorethanoneGramPanchayat,separatecommitteeswillbe
constitutedforeachGramPanchayat.TheWatershedCommittee(WC)wouldbeprovidedwithanindependentrentedofficeaccommodation.

77

 TheWatershedCommitteewillopenaseparatebankaccounttoreceivefundsforwatershedprojectsandwillutilisethesameforundertakingitsactivities.
TheexpensestowardstheremunerationoftheWDTmembers(asGovt.officers/officials)andsalaryofSecretaryofWatershedCommittee(WC)shallbe
chargedfromtheadministrativeexpensesundertheprofessionalsupporttothePIA.
Secretary,WatershedCommittee:
The Secretary of the Watershed Committee, (WC) will be selected in a meeting of the Gram Sabha/village Communities. This person would be an
independent paid functionary distinct and separate from the Panchayat Secretary. He would be a dedicated functionary with no responsibilities other than the
assistancetotheWatershedCommittee(WC)andwouldworkunderthedirectsupervisionoftheChairman/PresidentofWatershedCommittee(WC)andwould
beselectedonthebasisofmeritandexperience.TheexpensestowardsthehonorariumtobepaidtoSecretaryofWatershedCommittee(WC)willbecharged
fromtheadministrativesupporttothePIA.TheSecretarywillberesponsibleforthefollowingtasks:

ConveningmeetingsoftheGramSabha,GramPanchayat,WatershedCommitteeforfacilitatingthedecisionmakingprocessesinthecontextofWatershed
DevelopmentProject.
Takingfollowupactiononalldecisions.
MaintainingalltherecordsofprojectactivitiesandproceedingsofthemeetingsofGramPanchayat,WatershedCommittee(WC)andotherinstitutionsfor
WatershedDevelopmentProject.
Ensuringpaymentsandotherfinancialtransactions.
SigningthechequesjointlywiththeWDTnomineeonbehalfoftheWatershedCommittee.

SELFHELPGROUPS(SHG):
TheWatershedCommitteeshallconstituteSHGsinthewatershedareawiththehelpofWDTfromamongstpoor,smallandmarginalfarmerhouseholds,
landless/assetlesspooragriculturallabourers,women,shepherdsandSC/STpersons.TheseGroupsshallbehomogenousgroupshavingcommonidentityand
interestwhoaredependentonthewatershedareafortheirlivelihood.EachSelfHelpGroupwillbeprovidedwitharevolvingfundofanamounttobedecidedby
theNodalMinistry.

78

USERGROUPS(UG):
The Watershed Committee (WC) shall also constitute User Groups in the watershed area with the help of WDT. These shall be homogenous groups of
personsmostaffectedbyeachwork/activityandshallincludethosehavinglandholdingswithinthewatershedareas.EachUserGroupshallconsistofthosewho
arelikelytoderivedirectbenefitsfromaparticularwatershedworkoractivity.TheWatershedCommittee(WC)withthehelpoftheWDTshallfacilitateresource
useagreementsamongtheUserGroupsbasedontheprinciplesofequityand.sustainability.Theseagreementsmustbeworkedoutbeforetheconcernedworkis
undertaken. It must be regarded as a precondition for that activity. The User Groups will be responsible for the operation and maintenance of all the assets
createdundertheprojectinclosecollaborationwiththeGram
PANCHAYATANDTHEGRAMSABHA:
TheGramPanchayatwouldperformthefollowingimportantfunctions:

Supervise,supportandadviseWatershedCommitteefromtimetotime.
Authenticatetheaccounts/expenditurestatementsofWatershed.
Facilitatetheconvergenceofvariousprojects/schemestoinstitutionsofwatersheddevelopmentproject.
Maintainassetregistersunderwatersheddevelopmentprojectswithaviewtoretainitafterthewatersheddevelopmentproject.
ProvideofficeaccommodationandotherrequirementstoWatershedCommittee.
Allocateusufructrightstodeservingusergroups/SHGsovertheassetscreated.

This IWMPproject is based on joint relationship among three entities: (i) village communities and GPs (ii) WCDC/SLNA and (iii) PIA's. All these three
stakeholderswillfulfilltheirrespectiverolesandresponsibilitiesfortheprojecttobesuccessful.
Specifically:
VillagecommunityandGP:
Willplanandimplementtheproject

79

WCDC/SLNA:
Provideoverallcoordinationandassistthevillagecommunities&GPs.
PIA:
Carryoutsocialmobilization,mayprovidetechnicalassistanceandundertakeotheractivitiesasagreedtowithVillagecommunities/GPsandWCDC,
ROLESANDRESPONSIBILITIES:
A.PanchayatlevelInstitutions
Sl.
No.

Institution Compositio
n

GramSabha Alladult

Role

ableto

To facilitate in the constitution of Village

WC.
communi

To elect/ appoint any suitablety

person from the village as the
chairmanofWatershedCommittee.

Ensure inclusion of disadvantaged

votersofthe
Gram

Account

Panchayat

80

groups such as women, poor,

SC/ST,transhumant.

2.

Gram

Gram

Panchayat

Panchayat
Members

ToapprovetheDPRs.

To approve / pass the rules for

WDF.

Supervise / support and adviseGram

WatershedCommittee.
Sabha,
GP,PIA
Authenticate the accounts /
expenditure statements of WC andand
other institutions of WatershedWCDC
Project.

Facilitate the conversion of various

projects/schemestoIWMP.

Maintain assets registers under

IWMPwithaviewtoretainitafter
theproject.

81

3.

Watershed

Chairmanof

Committee

WCtobe
elected/
appointedby
communities
ofproject
area/Gram
Sabha

Provide office accommodation and

otherrequirementstoWC.

Allocate usufruct rights to

deservingusergroups/SHGsover
theassetscreated.

TooperatetheWDFbankaccount.

AssistinthepreparationofDPRs.

ManagetheSHGsFund.

Manage
the
watershed
developmentfund(WDF).

Implementation of the watershed

project.

Maintain the accounts of the

WatershedProject.

shouldhave
atleast10
members
half

82

ofthe
members

Prepare the rules for operation of

WDF.

Submit timely monthly and annual

financialreportstoWCDC.

EnsurethattheWCannual
accountsareauditedontimely
basisandsubmittedtotheWCDC

shallbe
representativ
esofSHGs
anduser
group,SC,
ST
community,
womenand
marginal
farmers.One
memberof
WDTtobe
represented
intheWC.

83

4.

Secretary

An

Watershed

independent

Committee

paid
functionary
selectedby
Communities
ofproject
area/Gram
Sabha

ConveningofallMandatoryandall PIAfor
required GP, Gram Sabha and WC
meetingsandupkeepofminutesofProject
themeeting.
reporting

Act as cosignatory along withsystemto

WDT to operate the WatershedWCDC.
DevelopmentProjectaccount

Assist in the procurement process

by being designated as Secretary
oftheProcurementCommittee

Maintain and safe custody of all

recordsAccountsandcash.

Timely submission of all returns ,

reportsandutilizationcertificates

TimelyandsatisfactoryAuditofGP

84

accounts.

Maintainallaccountsbooksrelated
totheproject

Make all vouchers & prepare

cheques

Collect dues from beneficiaries &

issuereceipts

Ensurethatrecordsaremaintained
for all labor contributions from
beneficiaries.

Prepareallfinancialdocumentation
&reportsasrequiredbtheproject

85

B.Fieldlevelinstitutions.
Sl. Institutio Composition
n
No.

WDT

45experts

Role

Accountable
to

Assist Communities of project PIA&WCDC

area/GP/GSinconstitutionof
theWCandtheirfunctioning.

Organizing and nurturing user

groupsandselfhelpgroup.

Mobilizewomentoensurethat
their perspective and interests
are reflected in the Watershed
Plan.

Assist in conducting the

participatory baseline surveys
trainingandcapacitybuilding.

Preparing detailed resource

developmentplans.

86

Common property resource

mgtandequitablesharing.

Undertake engineering surveys

prepared drawing and cost
estimates of any structures to
bebuilt.

PreparationofDPR

Monitoring,
checking,
assessing,
undertaking,
physical
verification
and
measurement of the works
done.

Facilitatingthedevelopmentof
livelihoodopportunities.

Maintainingprojectaccounts.

Arranging physical, financial

87

andsocialauditoftheworks.

2.

Setting
up
suitable
arrangements for post project
operation, maintenance and
future development of the
assetcreated.

Project
Appointedby
Implement theSLNA
ation
Agency

Provide technical guidance to WCDCand

the WC/ GP for preparation of
SLNA
theDPRs.

(PIA)

Undertake
community
mobilizationandtrainingofthe
villagecommunity.

Supervise
watershed
developmentactivities.

Inspect and authenticate

projectaccounts.

Encourageadoptionoflowcost
technologies and build upon

88

Indigenous
Knowledge.

Monitor and review the overall

projectimplementation.

Set
up
institutional
arrangements for post project
operation.
Submitactionplanforapproval
toWCDC.

3.

WCDC

Appointment
by

Technical

Submit periodical
reporttoWCDC.

progress

Arrange physical, financial and

social audit of the work
undertaken.

Identify potential PIAs

consultationwithSLNA.

in
SLNA

SLNA

Facilitate the preparation of

watershed development plan

89

fortherespectivedistricts.

Provide professional, technical

supporttoPIAinplanningand
executionoftheprojects.

Develop action
capacitybuilding.

Carry out regular monitoring,

evaluationandlearning.

Ensuresmoothflowoffundsto
watershed
development
projects.

Ensure timely submission of

requireddocumentstoSLNA.

Facilitate coordination with

relevantprogramsofotherline
departments
with
the
watershed
development
projects.

plan

for

90

Integrate
watershed
development project / plans
intodistrictplansofDPCs.

Established and maintain the

district level data cell and link
tonationalleveldatacentre.

C.Statelevelinstitutions

Sl.
No.

1.

Instituti Composition
on

CEO,

Appointedby

SLNA

StateGovt.

Role

Account
ableto

Prepare a perspective and SLNA

strategic plan of watershed
development for the state.
Indicating
implementation
strategy,
expected
output,
financial outlay and approach
central level nodal agency for

91

appraisalandclearance.

Establish and maintain a state

level data cell and connected
withnationalleveldatacentre.
Provide technical support to the
WCDC.

Approveandfacilitateinbuilding
a state level consortium for
capacity building for various
stakeholders.

Approved PIAs identified

selectedbyWCDC.

Establish monitoring, evaluation

and learning system at various
levels.

Ensure regular and quality on

line monitoring of watershed
projects.

92

2.

State

Comprises

Steering

Secretarylevel

Committe Officers.
e
Chaired

Constitute
a
panel
of
independent
institutional
evaluators and get this panel
approved by the Central Level
NodalAgency.

Prepared state specific process

guidelines, technologies manuals
etc.

Facilitateinterdepartmental
coordination.

Overallapprovaltoworkplansof
WCDConadvicesofCEO&
experts.

StateGovt.

bythe
Commissioner
(RD).

93

Conflictresolution:
Every attempt should be made to resolve all conflicts within the Gram Sabha and Watershed Committees. The WDT will facilitate the villagers in this
regard.
IncaseofconflictamongGP,WC,WDTandPIAs,theWCDC, DRDA,Yupia willactastheconflictresolutionAuthority.IfGramSabhasofeelsthatit
requiresformalarbitration,athreemembercommitteewillbesetupforthepurposeofarbitration.ItshallcomprisetheOfficeridentifiedinWCDCunderDRDA,a
nomineeoftheGramSabhaandanomineeoftheWDT.
IntheabovecaseifeitherpartyisunsatisfiedwithdecisionoftheWCDCthentheycanappealtoCEO.ThedecisionofthecommitteeatCEO advised
byChairman,levelshallbefinalandbindingonallparties.
( Caution: Any correspondence to the Ministry giving wrong informations about project implementation that hinders the watershed activities without due
authenticationofSLNAwillberejectedwithoutanyaction)
Institutionalarrangementsatvillagelevelandpeoplesparticipation:
Inordertoimplementtheprojectinallseven(6nos)microwatershedsunderJullang&Jotevillage,anoverallcommitteeknownasWatershed
Committee is formed with a Chairman and Secretary assisted by executive members selected through consensus involving the village council and other
eminentindividuals,womenmembersofSHGs&PRIofthevillage.OneoftheWDTmemberswillbeanexofficiomemberoftheWatershedcommittee.The
WDTMemberswillidentifythelikeminded andhomogeneousgroupinthewatershedvillageandformSelfHelpGroup andUsersGroup.WhileformingSHG
preferencesisgiventothewomenfolkorpoorersectionofthepeopleinthevillage.TheformationofSHGsandUserGroups(UGs)isanintegralpartofthe
programmeandaredirectlyresponsibletotheWatershedcommittee.ThedetailsofWatershedcommittee(WC),SHGs&UGsformedwithresponsibilitiesareas
hereunder
WatershedCommittee(WC)ofIWMPIDOIMUKH&BALIJANCDBlock:
WATERSHED COMMITTEES :

94

a).Jullang of Doimukh As indicated above.

b).Jote of Balijan as follows:

1. SmtiTabaMina
2. ShriTabaTaram

Chairperson
Secretary(willoperatea/c&
issuechequewithamemberWDT

3. ShriTechiJohn
4. ShriTabaTahi
5. ShriTabaEta
6. ShriTabaVikash
7. ShriTabaTohung
8. SmtiTabaYodum
9. SmtiTabaJardum
10. SmtiTabaYami

95

USERGROUP:
1.SmtiTabaMina
2.ShriTabaTapa
3,SmtiTabaRashmi
4.ShriTabaAbir
5. ShriTabaGollo
6, ShriTabaAju
7. ShriChristopherAngu
8. ShriKevinAngu
9. ShriTabaTahi
10. ShriTabaEta

96

N.B:
(a).TheWatershedCommitteemembersformedwillbeonlyonefortheentireprojectwithsubcommitteesallowableforconstitutionatlaterstage
iffeltessentialwhosedutieswillbetosuggestinimplementationofprojectbutonlyoneaccountforentireareawillbemaintained/operatedbytheWCindicated
(b).TheWCalthoughyettoberegisteredwillstartfunctioningprovisionally&takeupactivitiesasperguidelineincoordinationwithPIA/WCDC
underDRDAtoavoiddelay

97

 98

 99

 100

 101

ObjectivesofDetailedProjectReports:

(i)

Attheoverallwatershedlevel,tohaveaplanthatidentifieskeyproblems,interventionareas,andobjectivesandthemechanismstoachievethem.
IdeallytheDPRwouldbedevelopedthroughaparticipatoryprocess.
(ii) Atthemicrowatershedlevel,toengageindialoguewithstakeholderstoidentifydifferentorconflictinginterests,toevaluatepossiblesynergiesand
theminimumtradeoffsrequired,andtoidentifyasetofoptionstoachievebothbroaderpublicinterestobjectivesandlocalobjectiveswhiledoingso
theconvergenceareaswouldalsobekeptinview.
(iii) Thewaterusagebeinganimportantcomponentinthewatershedmanagementundertheperspectiveplan,appropriatemechanismsofrecoveryof
user charges would be brought in place to ensure sustainability. While doing so, possibilities of payment for watershed services would also be
explored
(iv) Participatoryapproachestodevelopingandadoptingnewtechnologies
(v) A sound social analysis, such as a stakeholder analysis aimed at assessing losses to be incurred by different community groups because of
conservationpractices
(vi) Afocusongeneratingpositiveincomestreamsforfarmersandothergroups(suchasherders)throughintensification,diversification,downstream
processingandmarketing,andthecreationofnewincomegeneratingactivities
(vii) Givingstakeholdersasecurestakeincommonpoolresources,suchasforestandpastures,andensuringthatallusersandespeciallythepoorhave
viableincomealternativeswhenclosureininvolved
(viii) Promotinginterventionsthatreducedrisk,suchaimprovingwatersourcesand
(ix) Identifying conservation techniques that were profitable for farmers and offering a menu of interventions combining income and conservation
objectives.
PreparationofActionPlan:
Basedonthedatabasecompiledthroughvariousmodes,sitespecificActionPlanispreparedsolelyusingtheparticipatoryapproach.Prioritizationof
actionwillbecarriedouttakenintoconsiderationthelocalneedsandpriorities.
Theapprovedareaistobetreatedinphasedmannerwithinaperiodof4yearswhichcanbeextendedupto7yearsmaximumsubjecttoapproval
ofSLNAonreasonablegrounds.Alltheselandswouldbedeveloped,buttheprioritywouldbetocovertheuntreatedarea.Theduplicityandoverlappingwillbe
avoided for sustainable development of the proposed areas, the community action through demographic process would be ensured in all the stages of the

102

project,rightfromframingActionPlans,theirexecution,sharingofusufructsandtheirlongtermsustainability.Thelocalcommunitieshavebeenorganizedinto
Self Help Groups / User Groups. Other Income generating activities for increase in the economic status of the watershed community will be propagated and
necessaryfinancialsupportwillbeprovidedfromtheprojectfundforincomegenerationofconvergingthefundsfromongoingotherschemes.
STRATEGYFORWATERSHEDDEVELOPMENT:
Watershed managements underlying principle is that people, land and water are connected. People use land in a variety of ways, and affect
ecosystems,andultimately,theirowncommunitiesforbetterorworse.Managingandprotectingtheenvironmentwhileprovidingahighqualityoflifeforpeople
isacomplexprocessthatismostsuccessfulwhengoverningbodies,communitymembersandexpertsinvariousfieldsaretruepartnersintheplanningprocess.
Itshallbetheendeavorofthewatershedmanagementapproachtobringallthesefactorstogethertoprovidelongtermwellbeingforcommunitiesbyintegrating
people,landandwaterinawatershedarea.
Itisoftenseenthatwithinanywatershed,therearenaturalresourcesthathavebothecologicalandeconomicvalue.Humanactivitiescanaffect
thoseresources,oftenwithunintendedconsequences.Itisthereforeimportanttoworkonawatershedapproachthatrecognizesthoseconsequencesbyseeing
the entire system in a holistic manner rather than considering each aspect independently as was the case with watershed programme earlier. It would aim at
developing strategies to manage resources and human activities in a coordinated way. Its focus will be on integration of the efforts of landowners, land use
agencies,watermanagementexpertsandcommunities.Institutionalarrangementswillbeputinplaceinawaythatthesestakeholdersworktogethertoensure
proper stewardship of our natural resources, compliance with regulation and efficient management. The underlying purpose is to strive towards efficient,
sustainable and intelligent solutions to our watershed issues: land use, water supply, water quality, storm water runoff, water rights, air quality, planning and
utilization. The watershed approach changes this mindset to develop recognition amongmembers of a community of the value of their own resources, and to
guideaholistic,balancedprogramofstewardshipthatachievescommunitygoalswhilecomplyingwithrules.Awatershedapproachintegratesbiology,chemistry,
hydrology, economics and social considerations into decisionmaking. It recognizes needs for water supply, water quality, flood control, navigation hydropower
generation, fisheries, biodiversity, habitat preservation, recreation, and development and it recognizes that these needs can compete. It establishes local
priorities,accountsforstateandnationalgoalsandcoordinatespublicandprivateactions.
1.

Philosophy:

103

While traditional approaches are reactive, precautionary, regulatory, singlepurpose and driven by enforcement, watershed management plan aims at
makingitproactive,scientific,usesagreementbasedapproachestoachievemultiplebenefitsandisdrivenbytheselfinterestofstakeholders.Watershed
protectionmeasuresseektostoporreducepollutionandpreventdegradation.Measuresthatpreventdegradationbeforeitoccurstypicallycostlessthan
restoration measures implemented after watershed are impaired. When restoration is required, it is more challenging to establish acceptable and
measurablegoals.This iswherestakeholder collaborationismostessential.Somewillseerestorationasthereestablishmentofpredisturbanceaquatic
function,butothersmayfocusmoreonrecreation,floodprotection,orwateruseefficiency.Itiscriticallyimportantthatstakeholdersworkoutabalance
amongcompetingpublicgoods,whichnosingledisciplineisequippedtoachieve.
InamountainousdistrictlikeWestSiangwherethevastmajorityofpopulationhasbeendependentonnaturalresourcesfortheirlivelihoods,
developmentwillhavetobebasedprimarilyonlongtermsustainableproductivityenhancementand,onincreasingthedependabilityofproductionand,
consequently,thesecurityoflivelihoods.Theinterconnectednessofthebiophysicalandthesocialisintrinsictowatersheddevelopmentanddrawsstrength
fromthisinterconnectedness.Theplansitesontheprinciplethatbiophysicalandsocialinterventionsarenottwoseparateprocesses,butaspectofasingle
unifiedprocessandecosystemprocessesandresourcesarebasiceconomicresourcesaswell.
A review of watershed development projects in the district & block in particular highlights an immediate need to reorient the present
approachtowatersheddevelopmentandputanenablingpolicyframeworkinplacetoensurethatwatersheddevelopmentprogrammesadequatelymeet
therequirementofthefourcentralconcernsnamelysustainability,livelihoods,equityandparticipation/selfgovernance.Previousstudieshaveconcluded
thefollowingdrawbacksinapproachandimplementation:

Problemsrelatedtolackofcoordination(timelyinformationtransmission,UCs,Audits,onlinereporting&releaseoffunds).
Theneedstohelpcommunitycatchmentsgroupmature
Confusionbetweenbottomupconsultationandcommunityparticipationandtopdownpolicyandgovernmentinvestment
Thelackofintegrationofeconomicdevelopmentwithecologicalmanagement
Institutionalbarrierstoeffectiveintegrationand
Theeffectivenessoflocalcommunityinstitutions(complaints/countercomplaints)

104

Thus, need for a reorientation of approach to watershed development based on the following: a sustainable productivity enhancement
orientation:proactivemeasurestodealwithsustainabilityandequityissuesresources:makingadequatetechnologychoicesandtakingdependabilityinto
accountinwatershedplanningisattemptedthroughthisproject.
Thereisalsoanurgentneedforanenablingpolicyframeworkforcollectiveregulationofgroundwateruseandeventuallymovingtowards
IntegratedwaterResourceManagement.Manypolicies,whichmaynotbedirectlyrelatedtowatersheddevelopmentprogrammeperse,alsoimpingeon
theoutcomes,e.g.tourismHydroPower,Industryandelectricitytariffs,irrigationpolicy,agricultureresearchandextensionpolicy,fertilizerandagricultural
produce pricing and forest policy. There is also a need to restructure the watershed development program by increasing the watershed development
allocationandperiodandconductitinphase.Theareasthatneedparticularattentionare:
(i)

(ii)
(iii)

Hydrological:(a)crossscaleandinterscalehydrologicaleffects(uppertovalleyportions,intraandinterwatershedrelationsuptobasinscale)
(b)surfacewatergroundwaterinteractions(c)aquiferbehavior,inparticularbalancebetweenshallowanddeepaquifers,theirsize,rechargerates,
locations,andsoon(d)neteffectofdifferentsoilandwaterconservationmeasuresaswellasafforestationandagriculturalpracticesonquantities
likeinfiltrationanderosionunderdifferentgeophysicalconditions.
LandVegetationWater interactions: (a) agro ecological relationships and impact on one another as an ecosystem (b) grazing and forest
management,inparticularproductivity,sustainability,andoffsiteeffects.
SocioEconomic and Institutional aspects: (a) compare assetbased approaches with income based approaches, in terms of benefits, their
distribution and sustainability (b) scope for biomassbased value addition biomass, labour, energy, capital and financial requirements and
identificationofpossiblebottlenecks(c)scopeofwatershedandNRMbaseddevelopmentindifferentregions,limitsandimplicationsespeciallyin
resource poor areas (d) indigenous knowledge, its scope, and issues in its interface with modern knowledge (e) role of CVOs and SHGs in
improvingparticipationandsustainingbenefitsbeyondprojectperiod(f)waysofbetteraddressingtheproblemoflocalheterogeneitybyequitable
and sustainable reconciliation of interests and conflict resolution (g) social and institutional mechanisms and capability building for incorporating
rigorousparticipatorygrassrootsbenchmarkingmonitoringandassessmentinwatershedbaseddevelopmentprogrammes.

105

2.

Approachforwatershedmanagement:

Based on the experiences of implementation of watershed management project in the State/district and elsewhere in India, it proposes to use
watersheddevelopmentasanopportunitytocombineandintegratewaterconservationwithlivelihoodconcerns.Enhancingsustainablelivelihoodoptionofthe
people shall be the key objective in Watershed activities. The goal of watershed development would be sustainable productivity enhancement and consequent
increased livelihood option for the local community. As opposed to the traditional water conservation approach which focused on minimization of runoff as a
unilinear strategy,thenewapproachwillaimatproductivityorientedhydrologicalplanningapproachthatmaximizesagricultureandotherbiomassproduction
withinthelimitsofwateravailabilityandpromotesagronomicpracticeswithsustainabilityandequityasthekeyconcerned.
Thefollowingaspectswillconstitutethekeyelementsoftheapproachfollowedforwatersheddevelopment:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(i)

Interconnectednessofthebiophysicalandthesocialaspects.
Fulfillinglivelihoodneeds.
Sustainability.
Equity.
Participation.

Interconnectednessofthebiophysicalandthesocialaspects.
Theprocessofwatersheddevelopmentplankeepstheelementofinterconnectednessofbiophysicalandthesocialaspectsasintrinsictothevery
concept of watershed development. The underlying philosophy reads watershed as a biophysical entity in an eco system comprising of all bio
physicalprocesseswithinthewatershedandtheirinteractionwithlargesystems.BiophysicalandSocialinterventionsareactuallynottwoseparate
processesbutaspectsofthesameunifiedprocess.Whatappearsasasoilerosioninthecaseofbiophysicalprocesswouldappearasinabilityto
meetfoodneedsinthesocialaspectsduetoreducedfarmproductivity.Likewise,purchaseoffertilizermaybeanaspectofbiophysicalintervention

106

buttheresultantpollutionwouldbethesocialimplicationofthesame.Thestrategyproposedtobeadoptedwouldthereforekeepthisbiophysical
andsocialaspectinviewindecidingtechnologicalinterventions.
(ii)

FulfillingLivelihoodneeds:
A Livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets and activities required for a means of living. A livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with and
recoverfromstressesandshocksandmaintainorenhanceitscapabilitiesandassetsbothnowandinthefuture,whilenotunderminingthenatural
resource base. The interventions would be so designed that result in fulfilling minimum livelihood needs consisting of domestic water (including
drinkingwaterandwaterfor livestock),food,fuel,fodder,somebiomass inputtotheagriculturesystemtomaintainsoilproductivityandother
goodsandservicesthatmayhavetobeobtainedfromthelargersystem,forexample,healthandeducation.

(iii) Sustainability:
Maintainingandenhancingtheproductsandassimilative(assinks)potentialofthelocalecosystemwouldbetheobjectivetobeachievedthrough
using water within renew ability limits, enhancing and sustaining the productivity of crop land uncultivated land and enhancing dependability of
availabilityofresources,forinstancewater.
(iv) Equity:
Thefulfillmentoflivelihoodneedsdependscrucially onwhohasaccesstohowmuchandwhatkindofproductiveresourcestherebybringingthe
element of equity to the watershed management. The equity may have several dimensions including intra generation distribution of human well
beingacrossbarriersofclass,ethnicityandgender.Concernsaboutspecialorlocationalinequalityinthelevelofdevelopmentrequiredistribution
fruits of development equally in different region. In the context of water availability intersectoral equity also becomes relevant. Often, the
prioritizationofwateravailabilityfollowsthefollowingsequencenamely:drinkingwater:waterfordomesticuseandforcattle:waterrequiredfor

107

ecosystemregenerationandforlivelihoodactivities:andsurplus/extrathatcouldbeusedforcashorcommercialcrop.Theimpactofwatershed
developmentonallthedimensionsofequitywillbeanimportantevaluatingcriterionofsuccessoftheprogramme.

(v)

Participation:
The approach followed in watershed development will see participation as a goal of a development (decentralized) process in that it helps
communitiesmakeinformedchoiceandalsoasameanofmoreequitable,sustainableandefficientoutcome.Theemphasiswillbeoncreationor
enhancement of genuine participated democracy at the grass roots. Participation is seen as a means to enable the local community to make
informedchoiceandensuringmoreequitable,sustainableandefficientoutcomes.However,itisimportanttoviewcriticallytheconstituentsoflocal
communitythatareengagedinthedecisionmakingprocess.Generalexpectationsarethathomogenoussocietieswouldrespondvarydifferentlyto
opportunities of participation available within the framework of watershed programmes as compared to heterogeneous societies. Since, in their
currentform,theWatershedDevelopmentProgrammenecessarilyrequirepartnershipinsomeformwithoutsideagencies(governmentalandnon
governmental organizations, international donors etc), the nature of this collaboration is bound to affect the efficiency of the participation,
communities within the watersheds. In this context, the increased importance of the institutions of local selfgovernment Panchayats as brought
aboutbytheHariyaliGuidelinesandfurtherrefinedundercommonguidelineswithwatershedcommittee(WC)isexpectedtochangesomewhatthe
participatorydynamics.

3.

ImplementationStrategy:
(a)

IntegratedWatershedManagement:
Watershed Management has evolved and passed through several developmental stages. In the initial stages, it was confined to soil
conservationmainlyhandledthroughAgricultureandForestDepartmentwithlittleornoinvolvementofpeople.Duringthesecondstage,itbecame
landresourcemanagementrelated,includingactivitieswithaneyeoneconomicbenefits.Atthisstage,thefocuswasonbeneficiaries.Underthe
proposedDPR,itisintendedtobemadeparticipatoryandintegratedwatershedmanagementwithinvolvementandcontributionfromlocalpeople.

108

Theemphasiswillbeonmakingwatershednaturalprocesses.Hence,thisreportincorporateswaysofintegratingnaturalresourcemanagementwith
socio economic development, sustainable livelihood and poverty alleviation. Special attention will be given to strengthening the capacity of local
actorstomanagethethreemaincomponentsofwatershedmanagementnamelylandmanagement,watermanagementandbiomassmanagement
willbekeptinfocus.
The land management will incorporate major land characteristics like terrain slope, formation, depth, texture, moisture and infiltration rate
andsoilcapabilityoftheproposedprojectarea.Necessaryinterventionsofdifferentkindlikestructuremeasures,vegetativemeasures,production
measuresandprotectionmeasureswillbetakendependinguponthesightrequirement.Structuralmeasureswillincludeinterventionslikecontours
bunds, stone bunds, urban bunds, compartmental bunds, contours terrace walls, stream bank stabilizing, contour trenches, bench terracing and
check dams etc. Where watershed contain natural ecosystem like grass land, wet lands mangroves, marshes, water body, appropriate vegetative
measures will be planed to provide vegetative cover, hedges, grass land management and agro forestry etc. Linkage of watershed activities with
appropriateagriculturalpracticesisanimportantdimensionofthewatershedmanagement.
Economic use of water and avoidance of affluence in use of water at individual and community levels will be a major concern for water
managementunderthisreport.Watercharacteristicslikeinflows(specification,surfacewaterinflow,groundwaterinflow)wateruse(evaporation,
evapotranspiration, irrigation, drinking water) out flows (surface water out flow, ground water out flow) storage (surface storage, ground water
storage, root zone storage) are the principle factors to be taken care of in sustainable water management. The broad intervention for water
managementtobeplannedunderthereportsforeachsiteshallberainwaterharvesting,groundwaterrecharge,maintenanceofwaterbalance,
preventing water pollution and economic use of water. Rain water harvesting forms the major component of water management. The rain water
collected can be recharged into the ground.Roof top water harvesting, diversion of peremmial springs and streams into storage structures, farm
pondsetc.willalsobeusedforrainwaterharvesting.Alongsite,waterharvesting,appropriatemeasureswillbeplannedtoensureeconomicuseof
water.Onesuchmosteffectivemeasuresisoftentheintroductionofuserchargesforwaterusagetorecoveroperatingcostandatthesametime
introducebehaviouralchangeamongthewaterusersbyincorporatingcostofwaterintheirusagedecision.

109

Undertheintegratedwatershed,biomassmanagementisanimportantareaofconcern.Underthetraditionalapproachedfollowedasfarin
distict, no efforts have been made to establish clear cut linkage between land management, water management and the biomass management.
Resultantlythewatermanagementstructureshaveoftenendedupasstandaloneinterventioninanyareawithoutaclearlinkagewithoutaclear
forward and backward linkage in terms of land management and in terms of biomass management. Both land management and a biomass
managementoutcomeinfactbecomesthekeyindicatorofthewatershedmanagementperformanceinanyarea.Appropriatebiomassintervention
namely eco preservation, biomass regeneration, forest management and conservation and plant protection and social forestry will be planned for
eacharea.
InstitutionalStrengthening:
(i)

CapacitybuildingofGramPanchayatsandlocalcommunityinstitutions:
Under this subcomponent, the core administrative capacity of GPs in planning, budgeting, financial management, implementation and
reporting would be strengthened .Capacity will also be built in other tiers of PRIs (block and district) as needed to ensure efficient and effective
functioning of the project. However, the initial capacity building strategy for the project will be focused on GPs and will include programs for GP
elected officials community representatives,WC, SHGs, NGOs and the watershed staff involved in project related activities. The capacity building
strategy focuses on: (i) enhancing technical skills in watershed management: (ii) improving level of information at the community level on the
projectandotherrelevantissues:(iii)trainingallstakeholdersinapplyingthetechnologies:and(iv)institutionalizingaperformanceappraisaland
rewardsystemfortheGPsandwatershedmanagementdevelopmentstaffintheproject..

(ii)

Information,EducationandCommunication:
This subcomponent is designed to implement a strategy that identifies specific audiences and develops targeted messages to increase
generalawarenessabouttheproject,termofparticipationandoveralltransparency.The strategywouldtargetthegeneralpublic andthestates
politicalestablishmentstaffwhowouldbeimplementingtheproject,NGOs,GPs,andcommunities.Themediawouldincludetraditionalfolktheatre
anddance,printmediaandaudiovisual.

110

(iii) Projectcoordination,monitoringandmanagement:
ThiswillfinanceorganizationalchangemanagementinitiativestorealigntheWMDtothenewimplementationarrangementandtheincreased
role of GPs & need of WC for the project. Under project monitoring, links would be developed between the MIS, GIS and impact evaluation,
participatory monitoring of the project activities by the communities would be introduced in addition to the tracking of physical and financial
milestones.Thissubcomponentwillalsofinancerentofappropriateofficeand/orresidentialspaceinnearbytowns.Finally,thesubcomponentwill
financeincrementaloperatingcostsoftheprojectoffice.
MonitoringandEvaluation:
Aneffectivemonitoringandevaluationstrategyneededtocapturetrendsinbenefitscaptureandothersocialimpactastheyemerge.Without
such monitoring systems in place that make the distribution of benefits and social impacts explicit, it is likely that current intervention cause
problems for certain social groups and further existing inequalities. Continuous monitoring also enables continuous replanning: a prerequisite to
adaptivemanagementinthatrealityencounteredduringimplementationdonotalwaysreflectbestapproachesasprescribedearlyintheplanning
process and therefore, require continuous adaptation. Appropriate socio culture, economic and environmental indicators will be developed with a
definitetimeframetomeasureperformancethesociocultureindicatorsunderthefollowingheadswillbespeciallydevelopedtoensureparticipation
andequity:

Decisionmakingpowerofthecommunity:
Empowermentofwomen
Formationoffarmergroups/selfhelpgroups
Changeinownershipofland
Improvementinqualityoflife
Harmonioussociallife.

111

Theeconomicindicatorswouldincludefactorsrequiredforlivelihoodandeconomicwellbeingofthepeopleconsistingof:

Increaseinincomelevel
Availabilityoffoodandfoodsecurity
Improvementinthestandardofliving
Offfarmincometofamily
Improvementinruraleconomy
Improvementandcreditandmarketsupport.

Environment indicators would include tangible and non tangible factors influencing the ecology of the community, for example, increase in
productivepotentialofsourcebase,managementofcommonpropertyresourcesandimprovementinbiodiversity.
MonitoringandEvaluationSystem:
TheMonitoringandEvaluationsystemshallhavefivedistinctcomponents,namely

BaselineStudyforassessingthepreprojectcondition.
PerformancemonitoringmanagementInformationSystembasedinputsystemtotracktheprogressandperformanceonaperiodicbasis.
InstitutionalPerformancemonitoringInternalandExternalprocessmonitoringtotracktheprocesses(toprovideleadsanddirectionon
the progress towards the achievement of the various end results of the project component) and Comprehensive group, self monitoring
systemfortrackinginstitutionaldevelopmentatcommunitybasedorganizations.
InternalLearningInternalmanagementreviewandlearningsystem (monthlyreview theimplementationandmonthlyreportingbythe
projectstaffatvariouslevelparticularlyatdistrict,blockandvillagelevel).
Evaluation External impact evaluation involving midterm review and impact assessment (by independent agency). Each evaluation will
includephysical,financialandsocialauditoftheworkdoneandtoassessthestatusofwatershedrelatedinterventionasperprocedureof
new guidelines. The department has already constitute d the panel of reputed institutes / organizations having sufficient expertise and
infrastructurefornationalpanelofevaluatingagencyaswellasforempanelmentasevaluatorforwatersheddevelopmentprogrammeofthe
State.

112

Thepanelofsuchinstitutes/organizationforwardedtotheDOLR,GOIafterapprovalandconcurrenceoftheStatelevelNodalAgency
are
1).TheJointDirector,ICAR,WestSiang,Basar,Arunachal
Pradesh
2).TheDirector,StateInstituteofRuralDevelopment,
Itanagar,ArunachalPradesh.
3).TheDirector,NorthEasternRegionalInstituteofScience
&Technology,Nirjuli,ArunachalPradesh.
4).TheDirector,NorthEasternRegionalInstituteofWater&
LandManagement,Dolabari,Tezpur,Assam.

SimilarlytheevaluationandimpactstudieswillbecarriedouttoensurethequalityandbenefitfromtheinterventionscarriedoutinProject
areas.TheEvaluationwouldbecarriedthroughindependentagenciesapprovedbytheStatelevelNodalAgencyanddepartmentNodalAgencyatCentral
level.ThePhysical,FinancialandSocialAuditofworkdonewouldbeensuredundereachevaluation.TheconcurrentandpostprojectEvaluationwouldbe
conductedtoassessthestatusofWatershedrelatedinterventions.Theexpenditureunderthisheadwillberestrictedasperadmissibilityintheguidelines

113

EntryPointActivity:
UnderEntryPointactivitytheprioritywouldbetoensurethesufficientwateravailabilitytothelocalcommunitybyrevivaloftraditionalwater
sources.Repair,restorationandupgradationofexistingcommonpropertyassetslikeWatersupplyplatforms,well,Nyaakum(sitelocaltypehutforuse
by WC/SHG), community buildings(Dere) /assets cc footpaths/link ,earthen roads to project sites etc. would be taken up. The village level institutions
suchaswatershedcommittees,selfhelpgroupandusergroupwillbestrengthenedunderthishead.Allsuchtypeofactivitieswhichwillhelpcommunity
participation in watershed development programmes will be covered under this component. But it will be ensured that the expenditure under this
componentmayremainwithintheprescribedceilingi.e.4%.
Convergence:
Oneoftheimportantcomponentsofintegratedwatershedmanagementismainstreamingthewatershedplanningandmanagementbydeveloping
appropriateinterfacewithotherongoingdevelopmentalprogrammes.Thepossibilitiesofidentifyingandderivingsupportfromotherlinedepartmentcanbesub
dividedintothefollowingcategories:
(a) InfrastructureDevelopment
(b) ProductivityEnhancement
(c)OffFarminitiative.
(d) LivelihoodSupport
(e) WeakerSection(marginalfarmers)Support
(f) QualityofLife.
(g) CapacityBuilding.

114

I.

InfrastructureDevelopment

AmongthemajorinfrastructureactivitiesthatwillbetakenupwithinthewatershedareasareConstructionofLinkRoads/CCfootpathandProvision
ofIrrigationFacilities.Amongtheschemesthatarecurrentlyhandledbyvariousdepartmentsandcouldbetappedforsupplementingresourcesare:
Table:Infrastructureconvergenceframework
Sl.No
1.
2.

3.
4.

5.
6..

Activity

NameoftheScheme
PMGSY
NREGA

Road
Empowerment
Generation, Link
Road,
CC
footpath, Check
Dam,
Land
developmentetc.
WaterSupply
AWRSP
Irrigation
Medium Irrigation, flood
Protection,LiftIrrigation
Scheme
Marketing
VikasMeinJanSahyog
Infrastructure
Infrastructure
LocalDistrictPlanning
Development.

NodalDepartment
RWD
DRDA/CD Block under
RD.

PHE
WRD

Planning
Planning

115

II.

ProductivityEnhancement:

Majorsaimedatproductivityenhancementwillrequireinterventionsintheformofsoilconservation,soilqualityimprovement,improvedseedsand
fertilizers,Farmtechnologyequipments,changesincroppingpatternandmultiplecroppingetc.Someoftheexistingschemesofthevariousdepartmentare:
Table:Schemesforproductivityenhancement:
Sl.
No
1

Activity

NameoftheScheme

2
3

Distribution of improved Agricultureinputs

seeds
Fertilizer
Agricultureinputs
InsecticideandPesticide
Agricultureinputs

Polyhouses

Nodal
Department
Agriculture

Agriculture
Agriculture
Horticulture
Horticulture technology Horticulture
Mission(HTM)

III. NonFarmInitiative:
Oneofthemajorcausesofnaturalresourcesdegradationisexcessivedependenceonlandandnaturalresources.Therefore,developmentofnon
farmsectoractivitiesiscrucialtoasoundnaturalresourcemanagementstrategy.Amongtheactivitiesthatcouldbestartedare:
Table:Schemefornonfarminitiative:

116

Sl.No

Activity

Micro and Small

Enterprises

NameoftheScheme

Nodal
Department
(i) Rural Industrial programme Industries
(RIP), Rural Artisan programme ,Handloom &
(RAP), Handloom, Textile & Texiles
&
Handicrafts.
Handicrafts.

(ii) Prime Minister Employment

Generationprogramme(PMEGP)
KVIC
(iii).Self Employment Scheme
(Plumbing, IT Training, Mobile
Repairsetc).
(iv) Loan to OBC people on
SC/ST
Lowerinterest(6%)
Corporation.

2.

Rural Tourism and Home Stay

Hospitality related Servicesetc.
enterprises

Scheme,

Sumo Tourism,

117

LivelihoodSupport:
The average size of land holding is low especially in high hills of the district. Terrace farming is widely practiced. Due to difficult terrain, road
connectivityisnotalwaysgoodandhealthinfrastructureispoor.Drinkingwaterandelectricityfacilitiesareavailabletothemajorityofhouseholds.Therearehigh
dependence on forests property and water resources. The best terms in this zone come from fruits. However marginal farmers depending on subsistence
agricultureproduceatleastfourfivemonthsayear.ThefoodinsecuremonthsarefromMaytoJuly.Thepoorpeoplesupplementtheirincomefromwagelabour
incontract,otherlabourworkunderanyschemeoftheStateGovernment/GOI,intheiradjoininglocalareas.Somevillagesarealsosupplementingtheirincome
bysellingtheirlivestocksandtheirproducesuchasofpigs,Goats,Sheepandwool,milketc.Diaryproductsconsumptionislessduetolowproductivityofmilk
fromlocalbreedmilchcattles
Onthewhole,there isadominanceofmarginalfarmerswhofaceseveralproblemsincludinglackofirrigation,poorqualitylands,fragmentation,
weathershocksandinmanyremotelocationspooraccesstostateandmarketinginfrastructure.
The separate provision of funds to cover livelihood components to generate extra income of the poor inhabitants in the rural area made in the
commonguidelinesforwatersheddevelopmentprojects&commitmentofStateGovttoenhancethelivelihoodopportunities intheruralareasoftheStateby
providingsufficientwaterpotentialandotheravenuesinthefieldofhorticultureforestry,mushroomcultivation,sericulture,animalhusbandryetc.
In the implementation of watershed development project the priority would be the harvesting of rain water with active participation of village
communities. By creating irrigation potential, the coordination between the line department who are associated with agriculture and allied activities will be
ensuredtoprovidethelatesttechnologyandotheravailablebenefitstothewatershedcommunity.Presentlysomeschemesforthebenefitofindividualfarmersin
the field of Agriculture, Horticulture technology Mission, and NREGA etc are being implemented in rural areas of the State. The other benefits for forward
backwardlinkagestotheruralfamilieswillbeprovidedoutofwatershedfundsforupliftmentoftheirsocioeconomiccondition.Theassistanceforpoorpeople
wouldbegiventovillageandcottageindustries,andsmallscalebusinessactivities.Thepossibilitiesofmarketingpotentialwillbeexploredandthewatershed
communitywillbemotivatedforgrowingofmarketingbasedproducetogetmaximumbenefit.

118

WeakerSectionSupport:
Particular attention to be given true address to the problem of weaker sections of the society amongst SC/ST, backward Classes, woman, BPL families and
households.ThemaindepartmentscateringtothesecategoriesundertheexistingschemesareWelfaredepartment.RuralDevelopmentDepartment,Education
andfoodsuppliesDepartment.Amongtheschemesoperatedbytheseare:
Sl.No

Activity

Construction
Houses

2
3

NameoftheScheme

of IAY and Housing Scheme for

SC / STs for the Welfare
department.
SelfEmployment SGSY
Education
and Free text books, scholarship
Trainee
scheme for different categories
of students, Midday Meal
scheme,computerLiteracy

NodalDepartment

RD and Welfare
Department
RD
Education
Department

Moduler Employable Scheme,

Training under different trades
throughITI

Technical

119

Education

QualityofLife:
ImprovementinSocioeconomicindicatorwhichisanimportantfactorforperformanceunderintegratedwatershedmanagementcouldonlybeachievedif
theactivitiescontributingtoimprovementinqualityoflifecouldbeintegratedwiththewatersheddevelopmentplan.Amongthemainactivitiesunderthissection
wouldbe:
Sl.No

Activity

NameoftheScheme

NodalDepartment

MaternalandChild
Health
Preventivehealth
Sanitation
Education

ICDS

Welfare

NRHM
TSC
SSA

Health
PHE
Secondary
Education

2
3
4

Capacitybuilding:
Thecapacitybuildingstrategyandactionplanoftheprojectaimstobuildthecompetenceandcapabilityoftargetedvillagecommunitiesincludingthe
poor,theirorganizationandtheGPsoastocollectivelyenablethemtoachievetheprojectobjectives.
Themainobjectivesareasunder

Strengtheningknowledgebase.
Increasingawareness.
Enhancingskills.

120

Developingabilitytotrainfurther.
Developingsharevision.
Developingconfidenceandselfesteem.

The training, Workshop, Seminars, exposure / Exchange visits, Demonstration, Teleconferencing, on the job support etc will be the tools for
capacity building of all the stakeholders. The capacity building needs of the various stakeholders and their capacity building requirements are tabulated
below:
Stakeholdersandcapacitybuildingrequirements:
ProjectStakeholder
TargetCommunity

CriticalCapacityGaps
Participatory Watershed Development
LivelihoodsPlanningLivelihoodsSkills
LivelihoodsSkills
ProjectProvisions

and

GPs

Project
management
(planning
and
implementation)

Inclusiveoftheneedsofthepoor.

Projectprovisions.

Post Project sustainability and exit

protocol.

Gram
Panchayat
Committee

Project
management
(planning
and
implementation)

Inclusiveoftheneedsofthepoor.

Projectprovisions.

121

PostProjectsustainabilityandexitprotocol.

SHGs

GroupDynamics.
FundsManagements
MarketingAwareness

UserGroup

Planning,
implementation,
Maintenance
Projectprovision.
ProjectProcess

Watershed Dev. Team

Member

Paraskill
Projectprovisions.
Projectimplementationprocess.
Businesspromotionandmarketing.
WatersheddevelopmentPlan.
ParticipatoryNaturalSourceManagement.

Project Implementing
Agency

FormationsofwatershedCommittees
Institutionalbuilding
Communitylearning
Projectprovisions
Projectprocess

Watershed
Committees

CommunityMobilization&communityLearning.
ImplementationProcess
Projectrule,Financialruleandbudgetingprocess.
ExitProtocolSystem
Livelihoodsenhancement

Operations,

122

Businesspromotion
Marketing
Convergence.

StrategiesforCapacityBuilding:
Thevariousstrategiesthatcouldbeadoptedforbuildingthecapacitiesofthevariousstakeholdersareasfollows
(i)

(ii)
(iii)

Gradual scaling up A phased approach for implementation of the project in different batches so as to provide opportunities to learn by
experiences would be followed. For the subsequent batches of GPs / WCSthe previousGPs / WCS will serve as learning grounds for building
theircapacities.
ExperientiallearningThecapacitybuildingapproacheswillfocusonallopportunitiesofexperientiallearningincludinginteractivelearningand
exposurevisits.ReviewingandsharingofprojectlearningwillbeanimportantelementofCBstrategy.
Internalizing Capacities locally For building the capacity of GP members / WC members, SHG and UG members so as to empower the
communityorganizationtomanagetheirlivelihoodaffairsbythemselves,thefundswillbeprovidedasperprovisionofguidelines.

CapacityBuildingPrograms:
Inordertoaccommodatethecapacitybuildingneedsofallthestakeholdersoftheprojectandalsomeetthedemandedcapacityneedsduringtheevolving
laterstagesoftheproject,thefollowingbroadcapacitybuildingprogramshavebeenidentified.
VariouscapacityBuildingprograms:
Sl.
Programs
No
1
Sensitization
programs

Participants

KeyContents

Tools

Community, GP, WC Innovative project Workshop /

andPIAs
approaches
and Campaigns
key
project

123

Induction
programs

Orientation
programs

Project management
staff and WC team
members

principles
Project principles
community manual
participatory,
methodologies
Livelihood Planning
process,
SHG
formation
Key
Project
Principles project
institutional model
projectprocesses

Training on
COM, Field
placement /
village
immersion
programs

Empanelled
Workshops
appraisers outsource
Fieldvisits.
technical
service
providers, resource
agencies,
line
department
Sensitizationontheissuesofgender,environments,tribaletc.willbepartofalltheprogramsmentionedabove.

InstitutionalarrangementsforCapacitybuilding:
Thefollowingarrangementsforcapacitybuildingofprojectstakeholderswillbemade.
StateLevel:
TheStatelevelResourceAgencieswillbeutilizedtotraintheStatelevelandDistrict/blocklevelkeystaffandwillhireappropriate physicalfacilitiesto
undertakestateleveltrainingprogramsand workshops.Appropriatenationallevel institutionswillbeidentifiedtorunthematictrainingprogramsasandwhen
required which will also be followed by refresher programs. Periodic exposure visits will be undertaken to learn from experience of similar projects being
implementedinotherStates.ANationalLevelpoolofresourcepersonswillbeidentifiedtorunworkshopsandshorttermprogramsforstatelevelspecialist.

124

CapacitybuildingserviceprovidersatDistrictandBlockLevel:
TheprojectwillhiretheservicesofcapacitybuildingagenciestoplanandimplementcapacitybuildingactivitiesatDistrict,BlockandGramPanchayat
level.TheprimarytaskofthecapacitybuildingagencieswillbetoimpactrequiredknowledgealtitudeandskillstothePIAs,WDTmembersandWDCTeams.In
addition, these agencies will design and implement specialized programs for GP and Watershed Committees office bearers on a demand responsive basis. The
agencies will use wide range of capacity building tools and techniques including innovative approaches. It will be the responsibilities of the capacity building
agenciestodevelopthecapacitybuildingimplementationplansandtrainingmaterialsbasedonCommunityOperationManual,ProjectImplementationPlanand
other Project manuals. It will also be the entire responsibility of the capacity building agencies to review the emerging capacity building needs evaluate the
effectivenessofthecapacitybuildingactivitiesandtomakeappropriatechangesinthetrainingmaterialandcapacitybuildingactionplan.Thecapacitybuilding
agencies will field a team of trainers at State / District Level comprising of all essential expertise required for the project. Regular monitoring of the capacity
buildingservicerenderedbytheagencieswillbereviewedatStateaswellasDistrictLevel.TheCapacitybuildingagencieswillsignperformancelinkedcontracts
andthepaymentswillbelinkedtothesuccessfulachievementmilestones.TheTORforthecapacitybuildingagenciesistobedeveloped.
NamesofInstituteswhichshallberesponsibleforcarryingoutcapacitybuildingintheprojectare
Sl.no

NameofInstitute

1).IndianCouncilofAgricultural

AreasofSpecializations
Agripracticestofarmers/SHGs.

Research(ICAR),WestSiang,
BasarArunachalPradesh.
2).StateInstituteofRuralDevelopment,

RD/Watershedprogram.

Itanagar,ArunachalPradesh.

125

3).TheDirector,NorthEasternRegional
InstituteofScience&Technology,

Forestry/Agri/WHS&allied
subjects.

Nirjuli,ArunachalPradesh.

4).khadi&VillageIndustriesCommission
(KVIC),Itanagar,ArunachalPradesh.

5).NationalInstituteofRuralDevelopment
(NIRD)Guwahati,khanapara,Assam.

6).DistrictTextile&HandloomCentre,
PapumPare,Govt.ofArunachalPradesh.

7).NorthEasternSpaceApplication
Centre(NESAC),Umiam,Megalaya.

Weaving/Khadi/Handloom
&SmallScaleIndustries.

RD/WatershedMngt
&otheralliedsubject.

Handloom/Handicrafts
&Carpetmaking.

GIS/RS/Delineationof
Watersheds.

126

8).KrishiVigyanKendra(KVK),
Itanagar,ArunachalPradesh.
9).HorticultureCollege,Pasighat,

Agripracticestofarmer
/SHGs.
Horti&otheralliedpractice

ArunachalPradesh.
10).DistrictIndustrialTraining
Centre,papumPare.

Cane,Bamboo,Wood,
Furniture&Weaving
Works.

Inadditiontoaboveinstitutes,theSLNAmayevenoutsource/hireservicesofappropriateagenciesforcapacitybuilding&entrustthesame.
GPlevelcapacitybuilding:
ThePIAwillberesponsibleforbuildingthecapacityofthetargetpoor,theGP,watershedCommittees,UserGroups,SHGsetc.includingproviding
handholdingsupports.ThecapacitybuildingattheGPlevelwillprimarilybeontheCommunityOperationmanual(COM).TheCOMwillhaveallthedetailsofthe
mainresourcematerialfortrainingatvillageleveltothecommunity.Inadditiontothis,theothermajorfocusofcapacitybuildingcomponentatGPlevelwillbe
orientation of Gram Sabha and elected representatives to the project processes and building capacity of 1012 para professionals for each GP. As a part of
capacitybuildingstrategyattheGPlevel,theprojectwillputspecialeffortsonexposurevisitsforcommunitymembers.
ApartfromLivelihoodcomponent,theprovisionwillbemadefordemonstrationofbestpracticesforvariouslivelihoodatthedistrict.Thesefunds
canbeutilizedtobuildsuitablemodelswithinthereachofthepoorintheirneighbourhood.Thesesiteswillbeusedforexposurevisitsandinfluencingthepoor/
pooresttoadoptthebestpractices.\
CapacityBuildingActivities

127

Sensitizationandtrainingofprojectstaff(SLNA/WCDC/PIAs)andGPstofacilitatetheimplementationofacommunitydrivenwatershedproject.
Comprehensiveinformation,trainingandcapacitybuildingofindividualsandCBOsinthevillagecommunitiestoparticipateeffectivelyintheproject.
TrainingofPIAstaff,GPsandWatershedCommittees,ontherulesandregulationsoftheproject.
TrainingofSecretaryWatershedCommitteestoprovideservicestotheWatershedCommittees.

IVDevelopmentofVillageWatershedProposal:

Who:

WatershedCommittee

When:

Afterreceivingcompleteinformationandinitialtrainingon theproject

TheWatershedCommitteeoftheRevenueVillageisresponsiblefordevelopingitsproposal.
EachmemberoftheRVshallgettheopportunitytopresenthis/herviewsonwhatactivitiesshould.beincludedintheProposal.
Thewatershedcommitteeandrevenuevillagemustthoroughlyunderstandtherulesandprocessesoftheproject.

V.ApplicationofEnvironmentandSocialEconomicFrameworktoVillageWatershedProposal:

Who:

WatershedCommittee.

When:

Uponselectionofactivities

The Watershed Committee receives a firm commitment from the beneficiaries to contribute in terms of time, material and/or money as per the project
guidelines.

128

TheWatershedCommitteeasksthefollowingquestionswithregardtoitsProposal:
DoestheProposalmeetthevisionandobjectivesoftheproject?
Doesitbringaboutsocialequitywithregardtobenefitsbeingobtainedbythevillagecommunity?
Wasitfinalizedonthebasisofthevoiceandpreferencesofwomen,poor,SC/STandtribal/transhumantpopulation?
HavetheWCplannedforreducingnegativeimpactsandincorporatedmitigatingmeasurestoprotecttheenvironment?.

AttentionwillalsobepaidtominimizinguseofpesticidesanduseofpesticidesonlyaspertheIntegratedPestManagement(IPM)Strategyfortheproject.

VillageWatershedProposalisfinalizedbycombiningallselectedactivitiesandsubmittedtotheWC.

VIIPlanforEnhancingLivelihoodOpportunities:
In this sub component such activities will be undertaken directly by the PIA to increase the productivity of land and other natural resources in the Gram
Panchayat with the objective to increase income levels of the people. The arrangement of Funds for these activities is Budget envelope of GP. However the
community/individualbeneficiarywillmakeavailablecontributionlikeland,manurewhichwillnotrequiredirectcashcontribution.
Who:WDTinconsultationwithWC.

129

When:AfterapprovaloftheGPWDP/WorkPlan..
Theactivitiestobedoneunderthiscomponentare:

Farmingsystemsimprovement:TheObjectiveofthissubcomponentisto:(a)disseminatetechnologiesandprovideadvisoryservicesforagriculture,
horticulture,silvipastoraltreatmentsandanimalhusbandry(b)providequalityseedsandseedlingsand(c)establishlinkagesbetweenUGsandsuppliers
forprocessingandmarketingofhighvaluecrops.Themajoremphasiswillbetheintroductionofoffseasonvegetablesandhighvaluecrops.Theproject
willprovidealltheinputs(seed/seedlings,bioagentsandbiofertilizers)ofthesubprojects,withtheconditionthattheland,labor,irrigationandfarmyard
manure will be provided by farmers. In order to facilitate the production of marketable produce, formation of UGs will be introduced to facilitate the
production,processingandmarketingofhighvaluecrops.Thissubprojectwilldemonstrateimprovementsintheproductivityofcropsalreadycultivatedin
theareaandtheintroductionofnewhighvaluecrops(newvarietiesofoffseasonvegetables,fruitcrops,medicinalandaromaticplantswillbeintroduced
based on agroclimatic factors, demand and assured market). For this purpose the private sector and Institutions and Organizations specialized in the
subject concerned can also be contracted by the WCDC on specific approval of SLNA. Training will also be provided in application of new technologies
storagetechniquesetc.
Identifythefarmersandthelandsproposedforthisactivity.
Identifythecrops,farmingsysteminwhichdemonstrationarerequiredbyGP

Valueadditionandmarketingsupport:Thissubcomponentwillsupportagribusinessdevelopment.Theprojectwillmakeinvestmentsthatwould:(i)
identify potential niche market opportunities (ii) establish links with entrepreneurs who could help in exploiting the market potential (iii) disseminate
appropriate information and technology to farmers to help them to enter into production (iv) cofinance subprojects with UGs & SHGs (on a onetime
subsidybasis)(v)cofinancesubprojectswithentrepreneurs(onaonetimesubsidybasis)forstorage,processingandormarketinginfrastructureneeded
toexploitthemarketpotential.

130

Income generating activities for vulnerable groups: This is designed to finance small income generating microenterprises for vulnerable groups
(women and landless), which will promote the project's objective of equity and sustainable NRM. These SHGs would be identified during the watershed
planningprocessthroughawealth/assetrankingPRAmethods).Trainingwillbeprovidedto vulnerablegroupstoencourage theirentrepreneurial
development.TheIncomeGeneratingActivityproposalswillbedevelopedaftertheimplementationoftheEntrepreneurialDevelopmentProgram(EDP)and
reflectionofWCoftheoverallenvelopeandthetargetgroups.ThefundswillbedisbursedthroughtheGPstotheSHGs,whowillmanagethem.Thefunds
willbedisbursedintwoinstallmentsbasedontheimplementationperformanceoftheSHGswhoaremanagingtheincomegeneratingactivitiesforwhich
specificindicatorshavebeenincluded.TheWDT'sendorsement(signoff)willberequiredoneachproposaltoensurethattheE&SAhasbeenapplied.

RevolvingFund:Revolvingfund(RF)hasbeenprovidedformarginalizedgroups,whichareeitherleftoutorreceivelittlebenefitsfromthewatershed
treatment activities of the project. Most of the proposed watershed interventions are landbased and thus, to provide benefits to these groups, special
activitieshavetobethoughtthattheprojectdoesnotprofitonlythelandedandaffluentsectionsofthevillage.Inaddition,thisisamechanismtoinvolve
thesepeoplewiththeimplementationoftheproject,whomayotherwiseremainindifferent.
Sinceallincomegenerationactivities,fromtheselectionoftheactivitytothefinaldisposaloftheproductwouldbedecidedandexecutedbytheSelfHelp
Groups(SHGs)themselves,aparticipatoryprocessmethodologywouldservebest.Thiswouldnotonlyresultinpovertyalleviationintangibletermsbut
alsohelpmarginalizedsectiontoorganizethemselvesintosustainableSHGs.Thiswouldgoalongwayinmeetingthegoalofproductivityenhancementof
theprojectareas.
TheoverallobjectiveoftheRFisthesocioeconomicupliftmentofwomen,poor,SC/STandtranshumantcommunitiesbytheexpansionofincomeearning
options/throughonfarm&offfarmemploymentandsustainableandefficientuseofnaturalresources.Somekeypreconditionsareneededforthis:

Availabilityofinfrastructure,bothphysicalandinstitutional,atlocallevel.
Accesstosupportservices(e.g.credit,inputs,trainingandinformation)

131

 Accesstomarketsandknowledge.
Safeguardagainstecologicalproblems(e.g.landdegradation,overexploitationofnaturalresourcesandendangeredbiodiversity)

ImplementationStrategyforIGAs Theimplementation strategyforenhancingincomesofvulnerablegroupswilltakeplaceinsevensteps:

Identificationofvulnerablesections/individualsandtheirneedassessment
FormationofSHGsofidentifiedvulnerablegroups/individualsandwomen
EntrepreneurshipDevelopmentoftheSHGs.
Selectionof(theIncomeGeneratingActivity(IGA)
Formationof,SubPlanforRF
ImplementationofSubPlanforRF
NetworkingofGroupsforthesustainabilityofIGA
VIIIIdentificationofVulnerableGroupsandtheirNeeds:

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Who: WDT
When:AfterorientationoftheGP&communitytotheproject

Helpthecommunitiesunderstandthereasonsfortheirpoverty,whatopportunitiescouldreducetheirpovertyandhowtheycancollectivelyacttomake
thishappen.

ConductParticipatoryRuralAppraisal(PRA)fortheidentificationofvulnerablegroup/individuals

Identificationofvulnerablesectionsofthesociety,poorestofthepoor,throughtheprocessofwealthranking

Ascertaintheirspecialneedsandexistinggaps.

Takestockoftheneedsofthecommunityforviableeconomicdevelopment.

IXFormationofSHGs:
Who:WDT
When:Afteridentificationofvulnerablegroups/individuals.

133

SHGsofgroups/individualsidentifiedaspartoftheabovementionedexerciseandwillbe formedaspertheNABARDguidelines.Economichomogeneity
andemotionalaffinitywillbekeyfactorsforformationofanySHG.

They will function as credit and thrift groups. However, to promote Income Generation Activities from the beginning itself, commodity approach will be
emphasizedduringtheformationofSHG.ThiswillenabletodevelopfurtherlinkagesregardingIGAsataclusterlevel.

OtherfactorstobeconsideredinformationofSHGsare:
Availabilityofresources,needsanddemandsofthecommunityasregardstakingupviableIGAintheprojectareas.
ScenarioofotherongoingIGAschemesandtheirbeneficiaries.
Membersofthosevulnerablegroups,notcoveredunderotherongoingSchemeswillbegivenpriorityduringformationofSHGsundertheproject.

XCapacityBuildingofSHGs:

Who:

WCDC/OtherinstitutesassignedbySLNA.

When:

Uponidentificationofcapacitybuildingneedsbythe SHGs&PIAstaff

PreparecomprehensivecapacitybuildingplaninconsultationwithSHGs.
Trainingwouldcoverthefollowingareas:
Aspectsincludingmarketanalysisandtrends,pricing,rightsandrules,etc.

134

 ProductionaspectsofIGAincludingtechnicaltraining.
Valueadditionandstorage.
Marketing
Recordkeeping,bookkeepingandmanagementoffinances.
Followuptrainingtomeettheeverchangingneedsofthemarket
Institutionaldevelopment,cooperatives,federations

Theabovementionedsubjectswillbecoveredundertwosubcomponentsofcapacitybuildingprogram:
i.

EntrepreneurshipDevelopmentProgram(EDP):
TheEDPwillbeconductedafterthecompletionofbasicmodulestotheSHGsand withinfirst18monthsof/theproject.ItwillassisttheSHG
members in identifying a viable activity, which they can take up for the enhancement of their livelihood. Aspects such as market analysis, quality
control,managementoffinance,establishingforwardandbackwardlinkages,pricing,rightsandrulesetc.willbecoveredthroughthistraining.
FortheselectionofmembersforEDP,prioritywillbegiventopoordependentonoccupationmerelyadequateforsubsistentliving.Groupswho
aregraded'Good1willbeeligibleforthisprogram.

135

ii)

SkillTrainingandExposureprogram:
Skill training will be conducted for those members who have participated in the EDP. It is presumed thatthe SHG members who start IGA
activitieswillbegivenskilltrainingandexposure.
XISelectionofIGAs:

Who:

SHGs

When:

AftercompletionofEDP

FollowingfactorsmaybeconsideredfortheselectionofaspecificIGAforaspecificgroup.TheES&Awillalsobeappliedatthetimeoftheselectionof
IGA.
Availabilityofresources
Existingskillsandcapacitysuchascarpetweaving,handicraft,etc.whichcanbeconvertedintoIGAs
Qualityandmarketabilityoftheproduct
Sufficientdemandoftheproduct
Risktakingcapacitiesofthegroups

136

 Financialinputsrequired
Forwardandbackwardlinkages
XIISubPlanforRF:
Who:
When:

WCAssistedbyWDT
UponreceiptofIGAproposalsforfundingfromSHGs

UponfinalizationofanIGAbytheSHG,itwillprepareaproposalforfundingandsubmitthesametoWDTforappraisal.ThroughWCclearancebythe
WDT,willbesubmittedtoGPwhichshallincorporateasameintoitsannualsubplanforIGAactivities.

Ifaproposalisnotviable,itwillbesentbacktotheSHGforappropriatechangesandresubmittedbytheSHGtoWDTforappraisal.Thesameshallthen
besubmittedtotheWC.

XIIINetworkingofGroupsforthesustainabilityofIGAs:
Who:

SHGs,ExpertsincludingWDT

When:

UponmaturityofSHGsandstartingofIGAsata certainlevel

UponmaturityofSHGsandreachingofIGAstoacertainlevel,theprojectwouldencouragetheformationofAssociationandFederationsofSHGs.

Thesewouldbebasedonproduction,processingandmarketingoftheproducts.

137

TheactivitiesoftheseinstitutionswouldincludeInputManagement,CommonStorageFacilities,GradingandPackaging,GroupMarketing,MarketOutlet
Development,JointMarketNegotiationandTransportOrganization.

XIVUtilizationMechanismforRF:
DuetothelimitedsavingcapacityofSHGs,theirsavingsamountmaynotbesufficienttoundertakeIGAs.Thus,undertheproject,itisproposedto
provideworkingcapitalassistancetotheSHGsengagedinIGAs.ItwillservethepurposeofpromotionofmicroenterprisesandwillworkasaRevolvingFund.
ThisfundwillbeutilizedbytheSHGeitherforajointIGAorforindividualinitiatives.Foradditionalfunds,SHGswillbelinkedtothebanks.
AtrevenuevillagelevelaSubPlanwillbepreparedbythevulnerablegroupswiththeassistanceofWC/WDT.Thisplanwillincludethefollowing:
1. PrioritizationofIGAfortheRevenueVillagebasedontheirviability
1. DetailouttheutilizationandrecoverymechanismofthisRevolvingFund.
ThisevaluationwillbedonebyWDTafterEDPandskilldevelopmentprogram.TheindicatorsfortheassessmentofSHGswillbemainlyasfollows:

Regularityofmeetingandattendance

Regularityofsavingandcommonfundgenerated

Bylawsformedandproceedingshouldberecorded

138

Awarenessaboutincomegenerationactivities

Capacitybuilding(EDP,skilldevelopment)

Further,theSHGswillcarryoutselfassessmenttogaugetheirrequirementofworkingcapitalandthe,availabilityofresources.Onthebasisofboththese
assessments, the grading of SHGs will be done and money from the Revolving Fund will be given to such groups which will fulfill the parameters. SHGs not
receivingfundingduringtheyearwillbereassessedthefollowingyear.
FundFlowMechanism
AssessmentofSHGs

PreparationofIGAProposal
bySHGs

ReleaseoffundstoSHG

SPAsignedbetweenSHG&
WC

AppraisalbyWDT

Appraisalofproposal
byWC

139

UnderthisprojectthemechanismoffundflowtoSHGsforIGAsmaynotbeveryfruitfulascommunitiesareusedtohaveaccessinashortcutmanner&
suchatrendmaytendtodistractSHGstakinginitiatives.A locallyviablesystemtobeworkedoutbyWCinconsultationwithWDT&PIAtoprovideassistance
accordingly.
XVReviewandappraisalofGPWDP/Workplan:
Who:PIA&WCDC
When:

AfterreceivingproposedGPWDP/WorkplanfromWC

ReceiptoftheproposedGPWDP/workplanbyWCDC.

AppraisaloftheGPWDPbyWCDCasperofE&SA.

IfanyshortcomingisfoundoriftheGPWDPproposestospendbeyondthefinancialceilingsetfortheGP,thenWCDCwillsenditbacktotheWCwith
writtenobservationsandrecommendations.

TheWCshallconsidertheseobservationsandrecommendationsandmaymakeappropriatechangesinitsGPWDP/Workplanforapproval.

ThefinalGPWDPshallberesubmittedtoWCDCforfurtherimplementation
(GPWDP/WorkplanasevolvedoutinthisDPRshallbeimplementedintoto).

XVIPaymenttoWC:

140

Who:

WCDC

When:

AfterapprovaloffinalWorkplan/GPWDP&submissionofAWP.

AfterapprovalofGPWDP/WorkPlan,theWCshallprepareadetailedAnnualWorkPlan(AWP)forthefirstyear.Thiswillcontaindetailsofactivitiestobe
fundedandimplemented,whoshallimplementthemandwhen,whoshallbenefitfromthem,detailsofbeneficiarycontribution,andthecosttobeincurred
foreachactivity.
Onaccountpayment'amountingto10%oftheapprovedAWPamountwillbetransferredtoWCaccountbytheWCDC.
TheWCwillneedtomaintainandsubmitbooksofaccountsandotherdocumentswhileclaimingreimbursement.

XVIIProcessof2nd and3rd yearAWPs:

Who:

WC

When:

Aftersuccessfullyimplementing1st year'sAWP

TheWCshallmakeadetailedAWPforthesecondyearuponnearcompletionofactivitieslistedoutinthefirstyear'sAWP.

ThisAWPwillbesubmittedtotheWCDCforinformation,MOUsignedforitsimplementation,andtransferofduefundstotheWCAccount.

SameprocesswillbefollowedforAWPforthethirdyear.

IMPLEMENTATION&FINANCIALMANAGEMENT:

141

TheWCwillgetfundsforimplementationfromtheprojectthroughtheirWCDCandwillalsohavetocollectthebeneficiarycontributionsasagreedto
withSLNA.TheFundsmadeavailabletoWCbytheprojectwillbeoftwokinds.
ImplementationFund.
RevolvingFund
AndthefundgeneratedbytheWCwillbewatershedDevelopmentFund.
ImplementationFund:
ImplementationFundwillbethegranttransferredtotheWCfortheimplementationofProjectactivities.AssuchmajoramountsreceivedbytheWC
will be under this head. This fund will be used only for the activities proposed in the Project. The amount will be received in a separate Bank Account i.e.
'Watershed Development Project Account' which will be operated by Secretary ofWC (under the control of Chairman, WC).This funds will be utilized for
paymentofworksdone&forwhichissueofchequestobedonejointlybySecretary,WC&adesignatedWDTmember.
RevolvingFund:
ThisfundrelatestotheamountstransferredtotheWCforthepurposeofenhancingequityandprovidingsmallloansto vulnerablegroupsinthe
projectarea/village.TheamountwillbereceivedbytheWCinits'WatershedDevelopmentProjectAccount.
I.
FlowofFundstotheWC:
InitialOnAccountPayment:
OnAccountpaymenttotheextentof10%oftheAnnualWorkPlanshallbegivenatthebeginningoftheProjecttotheWC.Itwillbehoweveradjustedon
thecompletionoftheGPWDPcycle.(TheinitialonaccountpaymenttoWCwillbeguided&subjecttotimetotimeinstructionsofSLNA).
ReimbursementofCostofWorks:
During Implementation of the Project, reimbursement of expenditure on works shall be made on submission of monthly financial statements. All
expendituresmadeaspertheagreedworkplan,incurredduringthemonthwillbereimbursedbytheWCDC.Intheeventthatthemoneyiscompletelyspent

142

beforetheendofthemonth,theWCcansubmitthefinancialstatementsbeforetheendofthemonthandreceivethereimbursement.(Thisarrangementwillbe
subjecttochangeswhichismoreappropriatefortimelyimplementation).
II.
Who:
When:

EstimatesandTechnicalSanction:
WCandPIA
Beforeinitiatinganyactivity.

AfterpreparationofdetailedAWPandreceiptoftheinitialOnAccountpaymentfromthePIAtheestimateforeachactivitytobeinitiatedwillbe
preparedbytheWCwiththehelpoftheTechnicalRepresentativeoftheWDT.

TechnicalmemberoftheWDTwillcarryoutthefollowingfunctionsinpreparationofdetailedcostestimateofactivitiesearmarkedtobeundertaken
inavillage:

The Technical Representative of WDT, along with a WC member shall take up survey of a particular work for preparing the estimates. For
Departmental works, Respective Unit officer shall give technical approval. The design and the estimates need be discussed with the concerned
membersandfinalized.

TechnicalmemberoftheWDTwillcarryoutthefollowingfunctionsinpreparationofdetailedcostestimateofactivitiesearmarkedtobeundertaken
inavillage:

SanctionoftheActivity:

Atechnicalsanctionwillhavetobeobtainedforeachestimatepreparedbytheprojectareabeforeinitiatinganyactivity.TheT/Samounts
willbeasperfinancialdelegationofpowersgiventoDRDA TheformatofTechnicalSanctionisasfollows

143

Technicalsanctionforwatershedworks:
SanctioningLimit

UptoRs10,000

AboveRs.10,000

SanctioningAuthority

ShouldbepassedinthemeetingofWC.NosanctionfromPIA
required.CopywillbesenttoPIAforinformation.

1).SanctionfromPIAisrequiredaccordingtonorms.The
estimatespreparedwillbesubmittedtotheWDTbyWCfor
accordingsanctionfromtheWCDCunderDRDA.
2).SanctionuptoRs.1.50Lakhtobedoneunderthe
technicalcompetencyof APO/TAcumdesignatedofficer
underIWMPofWCDC,DRDA

Oncesanctionisgranted,a'technicalsanctionnumber.'shallbeallottedforeachactivity.
AnIntegratedActivityregistershallbemaintainedbytheSecretaryateachWC.
Therewillbenosplittingofwork/activityforthepurposeofbypassingsanctioningrequirementfromPIAforactivitiesaboveRs.10,000.

144

FormatforaccordofTechnicalsanctionisasunder
FORMAT FOR TECHNICAL SANCTION FOR EACH ACTIVITY

NAME OF PROJECT AREA & UNDER WHICH GRAM PANCHAYAT_________

Technical Sanction

Activity Name:____________________________

Sanction No._______________________

Units / Physical Measurement______________ Total Cost as per estimate:_________

Place of Work:______________________________ Beneficiary Share:_________________

Date of Start:_______________________________ Project Share:______________________

Date of Completion:__________________________

145

Summary of Estimated Expenditure, Subactivity wise

Sl. No

Sub
Activity
Name

Unit of
Measurement

Units

Rate per
Unit

Total Cost

Total

Less: Beneficiary contribution:______________________

Project Share:______________________________________

Sanctioning Authority
Name :
Signature:
Date:

146

III. ImplementationAgencyforWork:

TheWCwillhavetherighttoappointanyoneofthefollowingImplementorsfortheimplementationofthework:

TheGramPanchayat
TheIndividualFarmer(Beneficiary)fortheworktobeexecutedonhisindividualland.(Individualwillworkasacontractor,inthecase.)
UserGroup/SHGmaybeengagedfortheactivitiestobeimplementedoncommon/community/villageassetsoronindividuallandorasset,shouldthe
beneficiaryhavenoobjectiontothisarrangement.RevenueVillageCommitteewillalsoworkasacontractor.
The First Right of implementation of each work under the project rests with villagelevel entities such as the User Group, SHG or the Van Panchayat,
individualfarmer.IftheseoptionsarenotavailablethentheWCitselfmaydecidetoexecutetheworks.Ifalltheaboveoptionsdonotworkoutonlythen
the works will be awarded to independent contractors, However the WC will have to obtain in writing their inability to undertake the project activities
beforeawardingthecontractforthe'saidworktoanindependentcontractor.(WCwilltakelibertyunderguidanceofPIA/WCDCtodecideonthis
aspect)
Incaseofspecialtechnicalrequirementsforwhichtheabovementionedvillagelevelinstitutionsdonotpossessadequatecapacities,andthentheWCmay
outsource a contractor having past experience in specialized technical works. Such a Contractor will be appointed only after the Beneficiaries have
depositedthefullamountoftheirshareofthecostofthesaidactivityinadvance.
SubProjectAgreementbetweenWCandImplementer:

147

IftheWCdoesnotundertaketoexecutetheworkonitsown,thenforeachactivityaSubProjectAgreement(SPA)shallbesignedbetweentheWCandthe
Implementer.ThedesignandcostestimatespreparedwiththeassistanceofWDTRepresentativeshallformpartoftheSPA.ThemajorareascoveredintheSPA
willbeasfollows:
Objectives:

SubContracting

ImplementationofWorks

ProcurementofMaterial

ResponsibilityofDamages

TimeLimit

ScheduleofPayment

DutiesandResponsibilitiesoftheWC

DutiesandresponsibilitiesoftheImplementer

SettlementofDisputes

148

Ownershipandresponsibilityofmaintenancepostcompletionofworks.
IV.

ImplementingtheWork:

TechnicalrepresentativeoftheWDTwillprovideguidancetotheImplementerandwillmonitortheworktoensurethattheworkiscompletedintimeand
aspertheestimatesandthedesignsprepared.

Workmustbecompletedinthesequencedmannerasapproved&ratifiedbySLNA.

TechnicalRepresentativeoftheWDTteamshallverifytheprogressofworksatdifferentstagesandrecordinaMeasurementBook(MB)afterverification.
TheMBshowevershallbekeptinsafecustodyoftheSecretary,WC.TheformatoftheMB,asprescribedbytheStateFinancialRulesvideformnos.16
and17,shouldbefollowed.
V.

BasisofPayment/Reimbursement:

IftheWCundertakestoimplementtheworkonitsownthentheWCcannotspendmorethantheamountsanctioned,netofbeneficiarycontribution.

IncasetheworkisimplementedbyanImplementerotherthanWC,thetotalpaymentmadeshallnotexceedtheestimatedunitcost(netofBeneficiary
Contribution)asapprovedandadjustedproportionatelyforactualmeasurements.

Ifthereisanychangeindesignwithrespecttooriginalestimation,revisedsanctionshouldbesoughtinthisregard.

149

TheaboveamountswillalsobeeligibleforreimbursementtoWCbyWCDC.

Authorization:ThebillreceivedwillhavetoberoutedthroughtheSecretarywho,beforemakinganypayments,shallcrosscheckwiththeIntegratedActivity
RegistertoverifythequantumofearlierpaymentsmadebeforegettingitapprovedbytheWC.AllpaymentsshallbeauthorizedbytheWC,whichshallmeetfor
thepurposeatleastonceaweek.
VI.Stagesofpayment:

BillsfortheworkimplementedbyWCitselfwillbepaidassoonasitisauthorizedbytheWDT

ThepaymenttotheImplementer(Individual/VP/UG/SHG)willbeonthebasisofrunningbillsandsubsequentlyonfinalbillsupportedbytheCompletion
Certificate.

Advances:
NoadvancepaymentsshallbemadetotheImplementers.
FollowingTablesummarizesthefundflowfromWCtoImplementer:
Fund flow from WC to Implementer
Particulars

Types of Implementers

Individual
Farmer

VP/SHG/UG/
Outside

Gram
Panchayat/Projec

150

contractor

t communities.

Basis of Work

On contract Basis On contract Basis On actual basis

Payment Timing

On the Basis Of On the Basis Of\ On presentation of

running bill and / running bill and / bills for Material/
or Completion Bill or Completion Bill Labour etc

Basis
Reimbursement
DPD to GP

of On the basis of
from Estimated
Unit
Cost.
(Net
of
beneficiary)

On the basis of
Estimated
Unit
Cost.
(Net
of
beneficiary)

On actual cost to
the
extent
of
amount
sanctioned, net of
Beneficiary
Contribution.

Certification of Running To be prepared by

Bill / Completion Bill
Implementer and
certified
by
Representative of
RVC and WDT,

151

Flow of Advance
Funds

Nil

Nil

Against
80%
of
the 80% of the amount
Running
Bill amount certified certified as per the
cum
Work as per the bill
bill
done
Certificate

Against Final
Bill
cum
Completion
Certificate

Full payment as
sanctioned, net of
Beneficiary
Contribution

Nil

On actual basis,
up to the amount
sanctioned, net of
Beneficiary
'Contribution

Full payment as
sanctioned, net of
Beneficiary
Contribution

Capacitybuildingscheme:
Sl.No

Activity

NameoftheScheme

NodalDepartment

1
2

Skillupgradation
Entrepreneurial
Development
programmes
IT

SGSY
EDPTraining

RD
Industry, Tourism
,
Textiles
&
Handicrafts.
Selfemployment.

ITTraining

152

ProposedPlan:
AsperprovisionofthecommonGuidelinesforWatershedDevelopmentProjectstheproposedareawillbetreatedaccordingtothefundprovision
made by the Government of India. The administrative expenditure such as salary / honorarium to the staff engaged in the implementation of Projects,
contingenciesandotherexpensesofstationary,IECactivitiesetc.wouldbemeetoutfromtheprovisionofAdministrativeHead.
.WorkPhase:
Underthiscomponenttheobjectivesare:

Economic development of community through optimum and sustainable utilization of natural resources like land, water, forest etc. to save
environmental degradation and employment generation through works and development of human and other economic resources by
promotingsavingsandincomegenerationactivities.
Restoration of ecological balance in the village through soil and water conservation measures leading to reduction in soil erosion, water
conservation, increase in vegetative cover etc. and sustained community action to operate and maintain created assets and further
developmentofnaturalresourcesinthewatershed.
Improvement of socio economic condition of the village community particularly the resources poor and the disadvantaged sections of the
communitysuchasassetless,SC/STandthewomendistributionofthebenefitsoflandandwatershedresourcesdevelopmentandbiomass
productionandgreateraccesstoincomegenerationopportunities.

WatermanagementActivities:
Toimprovethewateravailabilityintheprojectareabyevolvingvariouswaterharvestingtechnologiesandpromotingoptimaluseofavailablewaterforthe
purpose to improve the rural livelihood & economy of the farmers of theproject area and to reducethe chances of floods and soil erosion in the areas down
below,thefollowingactivitiesareproposed:

153

(a) RainWaterHarvesting:ItiscommonthatintheWestsiang&AaloWestinparticular,therainwaterflowstoptodownwhichgenerallyrunaway
fromsurfaceintodeepdraininNallasandwasteaway.Assuchtoconservetherainwaterfordomesticaswellforirrigationpurposethefollowingrain
waterharvestingactivitiesareproposed:
(i)
Construction of Ponds / tanks: The ponds are constructed by excavating earth and forming embankments with stone lining to harvest
rainwater.Anapproachpathwithstonepitchingisprovidedintheseponds.Sizeofthesepondsdependsuponcatchmentsareaandspace
available.Thepondsaremainsourceofrainwaterharvestinginruralareasbecausethewaterstoredinthepondsareusedbythevillagers
notonlyforirrigationpurposebutalsofortheirdomesticandcattleuse.Thesepondsarealsohelpfulinrechargingofgroundwatertable.
Theirrigationtankstoprovidetheirrigationpotentialinwatershedareaswillbeconstructedkeepinginviewtheconstructionofpondsand
tanks the harvesting of rain water will be ensured and with the recharging of traditional water sources the problem of drinking water in
projectareaswillbereduced.
(ii)
Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting Structure: The Government is very keen to construct maximum roof rainwater harvesting structure to
meet out the drinking as well as domestic needs. These are under ground stone masonry tanks in which roof run off are lowered down
throughpipesforkitchengardeninganddomesticuseetc. ishavingcapacityof9to10cum.Suchtypeofactivitieswillalsobegivendue
considerationintheimplementationofwatersheddevelopmentprojectsinruralareasoftheState.
(iii) Dams: The soil conservation and rain water harvesting are the major component for treatment of area under watershed development
projects.Theconstructionofdamswillbeinthepriorityareastoharvesttherainwaterandtocheckthesoilerosionsoftheareaconcerned.
Keepinginviewthegeographicalconditionandpositionofsitesthefollowingtypeofdamswillbeconstructedinthewatershedareas.
(b) EarthenDams:Theseareconstructedwithrammedearthandacentralcorewallofsomeimperviousmaterialacrossthenallahhavingslopeless
than 5% and have sufficient pondage on the u/s side. Suitable spillway is provided to dispose of the surplus run off. Harvested water is used for
providing irrigation, development of fish cattles drinking etc. height of dam depends upon water demand, storage, catchments areas etc. But
generallyaverageheightproposedis6.00meters.
(c) R.C.C.Dam:Thesetypesofdamsareconstructedofmassconcretewherefoundationisrocky&crosssectionofnallahissmallandstoneaggregate
ischeaplyavailable.Inthesetypesofdamsspillwayisprovidedwithinthedambody.
(d) MasonryDams:Thesedamsareconstructedofstonemasonryatplaceswherestonesarecheaplyavailableascomparedtostoneaggregate.The
purposeandsizeofthemasonrydamaresameasthatofRCCdam.
(e) Wateruse.

154

MinorIrrigationActivities:
The irrigation is the major component that play pivotal role to improve the agriculture, horticulture production and attractive income generation to the
watershedcommunities.Theproposedactivitiesunderthiscomponentare:
(i)

Lift / Gravity irrigation scheme: In take structure are constructed at the available water source from where it is taken to the fields either by
liftingorbygravitythroughirrigationchannelsandaccordinglytheschemeiscalledliftorgravityirrigationscheme.Incasethedischargeatthe
sourceisnotsufficienttomeettherequirement,storagetanksareconstructedfromwherethestoredwaterisrecycledtothecommandareas.
Thiswouldincludeconstructionofprotectionworksforproductivemanagementalso.
(ii) Makowal Type Structure: At locations where river beds are generally sandy and an impervious layer lies at a small depth, harvesting of sub
surfaceflowisdonebyconstructionofaheadwallacrossthenallahuptotheimperviouslayer,awatercollectionchamberwithfiltersandwing
walls.Waterfromthewaterchambergoestothestoragetankconstructedond/ssidebanksfromwhereitisdeliveredtothefieldthroughpipes
/irrigationchannels.
(iii) Irrigationchannels(MIC):Underthisactivity,liningofexistingwaterchannelsisdonewithcementconcreteorstonemasonrycementmortar
so as to reduce the water loss due to seepage and more area is brought under irrigation. Size of channels depends upon the availability and
requirementofwater.
Alltheworks/activitiesunderNonarableLandTreatmentwillbeidentifiedinmicrowatershedbasisasapartofwatershedplanningandwillbe
implementedthroughWatersheddevelopmentCommitteeinthejurisdictionareaofwatershedCommitteewithtechnicalsupportfromtheProjectStaff/WDT.
SincetheobjectiveoftheProjectistoreversetheprocessofdegradationofthenaturalresourcebase,soilandwaterconservationmeasureswill
receivepriority.Thebasicprincipleofridgetovalleyapproachinwatershedmanagementwillbefollowed.Assuch,treatmentofthecatchmentsareabeforeor
alongwiththedevelopmentofwaterresourceswillbetheessentialprocessforprojectimplementation.Thesoilandwaterconservationmeasureswillbeareas
specific,needbasedandwillbedecidedforspecificcatchmentsarea.Maximumimportancewillbegiventovegetativeandengineeringmeasureforenhancement
oflivelihoodlocalcommunities.
Afforestration:

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Sincetheruralpopulationofthe statedependsmostlyonforesttomeettheirfuelandfodderneeds,duetowhichtherehasbeengradualdepletionof
forestwealthintheHimalayan.AfforestationisthusessentialforthesustainabilityofHimalayanecosystem.Theforestblankarepotentialareaforcarryingout
afforestation under which mix spices are suggested in various patches mainly to produced multi purpose products to improve the economic status of the
watershedcommunity.
Thecatchmentsareatreatmentwillreceivepriorityovergeneralimprovementofforestarea.Thetreatmentwillbesitespecificandwillincludenot
onlytreeplantationbutalsoimprovethegrassproductionwhichismoreattractivetothecommunityduetoquickandvisiblebenefits.ConceptofRidgetoValley
treatmentistobefollowedstrictly.
Theplanofworkandselectionoftreeandvegetativespecieswillbethechoiceofthecommunity/GPsandexecutionwillbedonebytheGPs/
WC.Thewatchandwardofplantation,toensuretheeffectiveuseandmaintenancewouldbetheresponsibilityofGPs/WCs.Theneedbasedtrainingtothe
Projectstaffandlocalcommunitywillbeprovidedunderthiscomponent.ThetreatmentininterGPareas(i.e.thoseareasoutsidethejurisdictionofGPs)willbe
executedbytheProjectImplementingAgency.
(i)

(ii)

(iii)

Rehabilitation Plantation (Normal and Lantana): The objective is to improve, restore and maintain the stocking of desired species in the
degradedforestareaswherenaturalregenerationisdeficientorabsent.Temporarilyunstockedforests,awayfromhabitationsandinterG.Pareaswill
betakenupfortreatmentIndigenousspeciesorspeciegrowingundersimilarhabitatconditionelsewherewillbepreferred.
ConservationPlantation:Theobjectiveistoraiseprobativeplantationintheformofthreetirecombinationofgrasses,shrubsandtreestocheck,
soilerosionbybothfallingandflowingwater,promoteinsitumoistureconservationandimprovesoilfertility,productivityandbiodiversity.
Ravines,erosionproneareas,large slipsandcatchmentsofreservoirsanddams,waterharvestingstructurewillbetakenupfortreatment
withspeciesofsoilconservationbaseofthickfoliage.Effortstocontrollantanawillbemadebyspecialtreatmentofcuttingtwiceayeartillthere is
enoughvegetativecovertosuppressit.
CommunityPlantation:Theproductiveplantationofgrassesandtreeswithpeoplesparticipationforaugmentationofavailabilityoffodder,fueland
smalltimberintherural areaswillberaised.Reducingthepressureonforestlands,Fringeareasbetweenforestsandhabitation,commonlandsand
wastelandwillbetakenupfortreatmentwithspeciespreferredbythelocalcommunity.

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(iv)

(v)

DevelopmentofNonTimberForestProduce:Keepinginviewthegeographicalconditionandmarketingpotential,themedicinalgrass,shrubsand
treespeciesRubberetcofeconomicalimportancetoaugmenttheruralhouseholdincomewillbe introduced.Choiceofspecies willbeaccordingto
locallyfactors,choiceofvillagersandmarketingpossibilities.
Nurseryraising: Under this component a centralized nurseries are raised atleast on 2 hac of land each in order to ensure adequate and low cost
supplyofdesiredspicesforplantationpurpose.Itisalsoproposedtosetupdecentralizednurseriesparticularlyindistancelocatedwatershedwherethe
costoftransportingtheplantsbecomeuneconomicalsothattheareaproposedtocoverunderaforestationsectorcanbetreatedmoreeffectively.
Withtheactiveparticipationofwatershedcommunities,thenurserieswillbeestablishedwithmoderntechniquestoensurethequality
plantingmaterialforplantationinwatershedareas.Thecapacitybuildingmeasureswillbeinitiatedundertheprojecttoenhancethecapacityofuser
groupstocollectandmarkettheNTFPsandsubprojects/activitieswillbeimplementedtoencouragetheplantationofmedicinalandotherhighvalue
cropsespeciallyshortdurationspeciestomaketheforestryplantationasanattractiveincomegeneratingcomponentforthecommunity.

PastureDevelopment:
Withincreaseincroppingareaundervegetableproductionalternativesourcesoffodderareshrinkingandthuspressureonnaturalpasturesisincreasing.
Naturalgrasslandsandpasturesarethemajorsourcesoffodderforwildanimals/cattleandplaycriticalroleinlivelihoodsoftranshumantandlocalalike.The
productionofdrygrassrangesfrom1015quintal/ha,whichcanberaisedupto150q/hawithbettermanagement.Grasslandsarefacingmajorthreatsfrom
invasionofweedsrenderingthemunproductiveandwomendonotprefercuttinggrassinsuchareas.Theproblemofgrazingisfurtherincreasedduetostopping
ofwintergrazingfacilitiesoftranshumant,whichwereearlieravailabletothegrazersoftheStateinadjoiningstatesandtheflocksofthesegrazershadtobe
accommodatedinthestateforwintergrazing.Naturalpasturearereportedtobeovergrazed.Suchhugeportionoflandmeantforpermanentpasturecannotbe
overlookedfordevelopmentunderwatersheddevelopmentprogramme.Thusthepasturelandswillbedevelopedbysilvipasturemethodsincludingplantationof
leguminousspecies,nutritiousgrassesandothereconomicallyusefulspecieswithactiveparticipationofvillagepeopletoensurethesufficientavailableoffodder
throughouttheyear.By sufficientquantityoffoddertheAnimalHusbandrySectorwilldefinitelybestrengthenedandquantityandqualityofmilkproduction,
woolproduction,willalsobeincreasedsubstantiallyinruralareasoftheState.Thedevelopedpasturelandwillbeprotectedbybardedwirefencingandsocial
fencingassuitablefortheareaandundesiredbushesandweedsandothergrasseswithlessnutrientsparticularlylantanabushesbesidesbeingharmfulforthe
grazinganimalswillalsoberemovedandareawillbecoveredwithimprovedqualitygrassesandfoddertreeplantation.

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SoilConservationActivities:
(i)

(ii)
(iii)

Drainage LineTreatment: To facilitate the establishment of vegetation or to provideprotection (RCC/Boulder pitching) at points cannot be
adequatelyprotectedinanyotherway.Theerosivevelocitiesofrunoffarereducedmanifoldbyflatteningoutthesteepuniformgradientofthe
gullybyconstructingaseriesofchecksdams(commonlyknownas checkdams)withlocallyavailablematerialfromtoptobottom.Activities
proposedunderthiscomponentare:
BrushWoodCheckDams:Ingullieshavingsideslopeslessthan45degrees,polesofabout7.5cmdiametersaredrivenintothegroundina
singleordoublerowacrossthenallaatrightangletotheflow.Thebrushwoodispackedagainsttheu/sfaceofthepoles.
ContourTrenching:ContourTrenchesisexcavatedalongtheuniformlevelacrosstheslope.Bundsareformeddownhillalongthetrenchwith
materialtakenoutofthem.Themainidea istocreatemorefavorablemoistureconditionand,thusacceleratethegrowthoftheplatedtrees.
Plantsareputonthetrenchsideofthebundsalongtheberms.Theexcessrunoffisconveyedthroughaverticaldisposaldrain.Suchcontour
trenchingsarealsointheformoflanddevelopmentsatcertainplacesbywhichtheproductionmanagementisalsodone.

LivelihoodComponent:
In PapumPareDistrict,90%populationinruralareasaredependentonAgriculture,Horticulture,AnimalHusbandryandothertraditionalactivitieslike
weaving,woodcraftwork,etc.Hence,thefocusunderwatersheddevelopmentwillbetoimprovethesocioeconomicsconditionofthecommunityofruralareas.
Commonguidelinesforwatersheddevelopmenthasspecificprovisionofoutlaykeptforlivelihoodcomponent.
In certain pockets of Arunachal Pradesh, it is feared that the crafts like Metalcraft, Ornaments, Wood Carvings, wood Turnings, Kinnauri Shawl
WeavingTraditionalFootwears,Embroidery,Paintingsetc.haveeithergoneextinctorareonthedecay.Besidestheiremploymentpotentialofthesecraftsdepict
theaestheticgeniusandtechnicalcompetenceofthecraftsmanofthePradesh.
LivelihoodisakeycomponentofthehouseholdeconomyinWestSiangdistrict.Itissourceofadditionalincometofarminghouseholds,especially
thepoorestofthem.About73%totalruralhouseholdinIndiakeepandownlivestockofonekindoranothertodriveanaverage20%oftheirincomefromthis
source. Women provide nearly 90% of all labour for livestock management. The entire rural economy of the State centers on Agriculture, Horticulture, Animal
Husbandry, Sheep and Wool Development, cattle rearing,Forest, Fishery, Poultry, bee Keeping, Floriculture, Mushroom cultivation, Sericulture, Mining etc.

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LivelihooddependentuponForestgoodsandservices areveryhighinmanyareas.Total rainfedconditionsandlackofaccesstomarketsalone(despitetheir

largelandholdingsandgreaterlivestocknumbers)canmakethepeopleofsuchareasmuchpoorerthanthosewhohavesmallholdingsbutlineinthevalley.
Under watershed Development the productivity, enhancement and livelihood will be given priority alongwith conservation measures. The systematic
approachwouldbeadoptedforresourcedevelopmentinordertopromotefarmingandalliedactivities,byresourceconservationandregeneration.Suitablewater
sourcesaretobecreatingcommunitytank,assistancewillbeprovidedtothecommunity/Groupoffarmersasperprovisionoftheguidelines,besidesproviding
assistanceformaintenanceandconstructionofponds,wellsApartfromdevelopingwatersourcestoensureroundtheyearirrigation.Theuseofplasticsonfarm
managementofwaterhasgainedsignificant importanceinrecentyears.Theplasticultureapplications includewaterdistributionnetworkthroughplasticpipes,
plasticsprinklers,microirrigation,microsprinkler,nurserynags,greenhouse,netstructures,walkinandlowtunnels,plasticmulchingetc.Dripirrigationisuseful
fromthepointofviewofjudiciousutilizationofscarcesurfaceandgroundwaterresources.
Intherainfedareastheanimalresourcesaremajorsourceofincomeandwillbeintegratedwithwatersheddevelopmentprojectssothatacomprehensive
animal husbandry component would contribute significantly to ensuring a better and sustainable livelihood for the people of the watershed / rainfed areas.
Watershedapproachisgainingimportanceinplanningandimplementationofnaturalresourcesmanagementprogrammes.Suchapproachwillbeusedtocheck
soil erosion and denudation of catchments areas of important river systems for mitigating floods, landslides and for reducing siltation. Synergies between
concerned Government Agencies. PRIs and NGOs will be developed for supporting watershed approaches for natural resources management. This will be
coordinated through nodal agency. The Project will explore the potential of marketbased infrastructures for facilitating protection and development. The
Governmentwillalso liaison withothermountainstateinthecountrytoexploremarketorensuringpaymentforwatershedservicestotheDistrictandVillage
communityforprotecting,managinganddevelopingwatershed.Someactivitiesinthevillage/projectareatobetakenupwillbe

ITtrainingsmalloutlets.
Cyclerepair
Plumbing
Mobilrepair

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(a)

(b)

LivelihoodFrameWork:
Choosingtherightlivelihoodactivitiesforinterventionthroughtechnomarketfeasibility
Choosinganappropriateformofhouseholdlevelgroupstomobilize.
Choosinganappropriatestructureattheclusterleveltofederatevillagelevelorganizationsandidentifywhattheyshoulddocollectively.
Identifyingasuitablemarkettoselltheproducts.
Ensuringadequatefinancetooperatethewholechainfromfarmtomarket.
InstitutionalBuilding:
Promoting/strengtheningcommunityGroups/institutions/UserGroups,SelfHelpGroups(SGHs),particularlyofthepoor/women.
Promoteandsupportthefederations(ofSHGs,CGs,UserGroups).
Capacity building of PRIs and other local village level institutions to Plan, Implement and maintain the assets created under Watershed
DevelopmentProgrammes.
Buildingtheskillsandcapacitiesofthepoorandtheirserviceproviders.
Sensitizing line department and banks to extend their moral support and responsive behavior according to the needs of inhabitants of the
watershedarea.
OrganizeExposurevisitforcommunityleadersandrepresentativesofthefederations,GPrepresentativesandtheprojectstaff.

(c)LivelihoodGaps/Opportunities:
Sincetheprojectslivelihoodinterventionswouldtargetthepoorsections,itbecomescriticaltodefinewhowillbethosepoorsincemanyof
thecriteriafordefiningandunderstandingpovertyatthevillagelevelmaynotbeuniformlyapplicable.Forinstance,athighaltitude,remotevillage
orPanchayatlandholdingsmaybecomparativelylargerthanthevalleysorlivestocknumbersmaybegreater,buttotalrainfedconditionsandlack
ofaccesstomarketsalonecanmakethepeopleofsuchareasmuchpoorerthanthosewhoholdlesslandbutliveinthevalley.Forthemarginalized

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groups who are generally the poorest traditional occupations like grazing the village livestock, fuel wood and fodder collection, tree cutting and
timberconversion,NTFPcollection,etc.stillformmajorlivelihood.
The gram Panchayat with the help of SHGs, professionals and WC, will initiate participatory process for preparation of watershed
Development plan for the GP / Micro watershed. This plan will be a result of livelihoods analysis that includes resource mapping / assessment,
analyzing existing livelihoods and new livelihoods opportunities against items like available of raw materials, Skills available, existing livelihood,
existing Market demand, marketing Facilities within and outside the village, transportation networks etc. Potential livelihood opportunities for
communitieswillalsobeidentifiedduringthisprocess.
Naturalresourcesformthelivelihoodbasisformostpeopleofthedistrict.Thereisahighdegreeofdependenceontheseresourcesandasa
resultoftenconflictsareobservedbetweenresourcesmanagersandotherstakeholders.WiththeactiveinvolvementofPRI,SHGandUSGsallthe
conflictswillberesolvedbyintroductionofequitabledistributionsystemasoutlinedintheinstantDPR.
LivelihoodActivities:
(i)

Agricultural/FarmSectoractivities:
Outoftotal287500hectareareaofthedistrict,7279.5ha(2.532%)isnetsownarea.Morepopulationofwomenisengagedinagriculture.The
climate of the district is suitable for growing non seasonal vegetables and there is sufficient scope for increase in production of offseason vegetables
under watershed development projects. Similarly, the production of cereals and pulses can be increased with the intervention under Watershed
management.
Productionofcerealsandpulseshaveincreasedoverlast30yearsbutduringthesametimeperiod,totalcroppedareadeclinedmarginally.
Areaundervegetableshasregisteredanincreaseduringthelastthreedecades.Fortraditionalcrops,fertilizersuseisgenerally40kg/ha,whereas
for both HVC and fruits, this is up to 60 kg/ha. Agricultural practices are contributing to soil erosion and people are facing marketing related
challenges.Thesegapswillbebridgedthroughimplementationofwatersheddevelopmentprojects.

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This subcomponent will improve cropping systems through promoting adoption of new agronomic practices, crop diversification into high
value crops, reducing postharvest losses and increasing valueaddition. It will also improve water availability in the Project area using evolving
waterharvestingtechnologiesandpromotingoptionaluseofavailablesources.TheactivitiessuchasLandDevelopmentandtointroduceimproved
croppingsystem,IntroductionofHighValue crops/varieties,Improvecroppingsystems (Horticulture),HomesteadHorticulture andHighyielding
Cultivars will be introduced in the watershed areas. The Agriculture will continue to remain the main source of income for the community in the
projectarea,supportwillbeprovidedforthetraditionalcropsaswellastheHighValueCrops(HVCs)
While preparing the DPR the focus has been given for the land development activities particularly for the development of lands of weaker
section with the active participation of the beneficiaries. The activities such as protection of soil erosion and introduction of vermiculture will be
given priority under watershed development within the prescribed limit of outlays as per common guidelines for watershed development. The
convergenceofotherongoingschemesrelatingtoareadevelopmentandpovertyalleviationwillalsobetakenintoaccountonformationofaction
plan.MajoremphasiswillbegivenontheproductionofHVCsespeciallyforthoseareaswherenewirrigationresourceswillbedeveloped.Thiswill
includeoffseasonvegetables,spices,floriculture,medicinalandaromaticplants.Forvegetablesandspiceswherethelocalmarket isavailableor
canbestoredbeforesale,demonstrationwillbelaidoutinanareaofmaximum0.2haforonefamily.Besidestheseedplantingmaterial,training/
exposurevisit,demonstrationwillbeprovidedtobuildtheconfidenceandknowhowaboutthelatesttechnology.
ForHVCssuchasmedicinalandaromaticplantswhichhavenolocalmarketandtheproducehastobepartiallyorfullyprocessed,astrategy
willbedevelopedtoidentifyanewpotentialcropswhich(a)canbesuccessfullycultivatedintheProjectarea:(b)perfectproductiontechnologies
are available: (c) quality seed and planting material can be made available in time: (d) facilities exist for processing or can be made available if
essentialbeforetheproducecanbemarked:and(e)assuredmarketsareavailable(specifictraderwithcommitmentandanimportantstakeholder(
followingwillbetheapproachtofacilitiesintroductionofsuchcrops.
Farmersnurserieswillbeencouragedthroughtrainingandprovidingsupportoncostsharingbasisforgreenhouse,plastictunnelsetc.The
benefits of green house for high breed vegetables, floriculture and for nursery rising will be admissible to the framers from project funds as per
provisionexistunderHorticultureTechnologyMission.

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The support will be provided from the introduction of fruit crops in terms of quality seedlings for a family with the condition that all other
practiceswillbeimplementedbythebeneficiaryasperagreedtechnology.
(ii)

AnimalHusbandryandDiarydevelopment:
RisingupoflivestockisanintegralcomponentofruraleconomyforArunachalPradeshingeneral&westSianginparticular.Thereisadynamic
relationshipbetweencommonpropertyresourcessuchasforest,waterandgrazingland,livestockandcrops.Livestockdependatacertainextent
on fodder and grass grown on common property resources as well as on crops. At the same time the animals returns, fodder grass and crop,
residuestothecommonpropertyresourcesandfieldsintheformofmanureandprovidemuchneededdroughtpower.

TheperspectiveplanlaidemphasisonthelivestocksectorandestablishedCowssemenprocessinglabforbreedimprovement,emphasizedmineral
mixture feed supplements provided chaff cutters, and promoted stallfeeding and the other facilities to the farmers in project areas as per admissibility in the
guidelinesandinotherongoingschemes.
ThemainactivitieswhichwillbeconsideredunderWatershedDevelopmentProjecttoenhancelivelihoodareasunder:
PapumParehasnorecognizedbreedofcattleexceptMITHUNandthelivestockpopulationmostlycompriseofnondescripttypewithrelatively
lowmilkproductionpotential.Theproductivityofanimalmaintainedundervillageconditioniscomparativelylow.CattleMithun&cow/oxoflocalsandPigrearing
for meat is the prominent animal husband dry occupation of the rural people and 90% of these rural households are engaged in keeping the livestock for
supplementingtheirsourceofincomeandnutrition.Mitthunrearingfetchthevillagerswithhugeincomeasitisoneofmostearningprofessionswheremanfolk
engagethemselves.AsuccesfulfarmerengagedinMIthunrearingisabletoprovidefinancialneedsofchildrenseducation&otherexigenciesassingleMithunis
soldoffforapriceofRs.15,000to32,000basedonsizeformeatorotherrituals/marriagepurpose.Mithunrearingisasacredjobthecommunityconsiderasit
isrecognizedapreciousdomesticatedcattlewhichisusedinmatrimony,rituals&havingahugemeatvalue.ItssalerateisaroundRs.130150/kg.Thisproject
willendeavourtoundergosomesystematicrearingofCow&MithunwithneedfulfacilitiesincollaborationofAHVatprojectarea.
In predominately agrarian economy of the district, agriculture and animal husbandry is the main stay for more than 80% of the rural people. The
agricultureingeneralisrestrictedduetohillyterrain,fullofclimatichazardsandsmallandscatteredlandholdingwithlimitedirrigation.Besides,agriculture,the
farmingfamiliesarehavinglivestockasaprimaryorsecondarysourceofearningfromthesaleoflivestockandtheirproducesuchasmilk,Mithun,Cows,Pigs,
goats&theirproducts,woolmuttonetc.Asaresultoftheongoingcattlebreedingprogrammes,theaveragemilkproductionofcrossbreedcowisverylowper

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day.Thedepartmenthasplannedtoincreasethepopulationofcrossbreedcowsfromthepresentlevelinordertoenhancethemilkproductionsubstantiallyper
day&meatfromthesecattle.Themilkproductionshallbeachievedbysupplementingthepresentinfrastructurebyproviding100%breedingfacilitythroughthe
artificialinsemination.MilkproductionshallbesimultaneouslysustainedbyboostingfodderproductionbycultivationinthefieldduringboththeRabiandKharif
fodderproductionseasonforwhichatimetableforgreensfodderproductionroundtheyearshallbeevolved.Cattlerearingwillalsoattribute.Improvedfodder
seedsshallbedistributedtotheidentifiedfarmersasacashcroptoexploitmilkproductionpotentialofacrossbreedprogeny.Factorslikecattlebreed,feedsand
fodders,arevariation,watersupply,cleanandhygienicsheds,diseasefreestatus,macroandmicronutrientlevel,stageofmilkingandfrequencyofmilkingare
responsible for variation and production of milk, which needs to be taken into consideration of improvement under one or the other components for ensuring
maximumlevelofproductionofmilk.CattlerearingwillalsoattributeMithunforthepurposeofsystematicrearingforemploymentgeneration,income&creating
awarenessoframpantslaughtermayleadtoextinctionofthespeciesforwhichwearetheproudownerTopromotetheseactivities SelfHelpGroup/Society
Mode approach can be given emphasis so as to make them selfreliant and help them BPL families giving atleast 60% representation to woman and SC/ST
familiesbutthenonBPLfamiliescanbeconsideredforbenefitsasadmissibleunderthecommonguidelinesforwatershedmanagement
The main objective of this venture is to develop the milk production & meat and to generate selfemployment potential. To ensure the availability of
fodderduringdryseasonandtofacilitatetheweakersectionofthesociety,theprovisionoffodderstoresandcattleshedscanbeconsideredthemilk/meatso
producedshallbemarketeddirectlybytheselfhelpgroupsorthroughthealreadyexistingnetworkofMilkSociety/MilkFederation.&meatinthelocaldaily
markets.
iii).GoatHusbandry:
Goatfarmingisatraditionaloccupationofeconomicallyweakersegmentofthesocietyhavingtwinpurposei.e.wooldevelopmentandmeat
productionparticularlyinTribalbeltsandremoteareasoftheStateComparatively,lowerbodysizeofthetwospeciesandtheiradoptabilityofvide
range of agroclimatic condition have rendered them suitable for poor farmers. These animals are predominantly under extensive range
management on community range land, cropped land after harvesting of standing crops and forest under mixed grazing conditions. The
management of small ruminants does not require specialized skills: the surplus labour is gainfully employed for management and upkeeps of the
animals.InWestSiang,theorganizedbreedingprogrammes,feedingmanagement,husbandrypractices,healthcoverageandmarketinglinkages
arenotadequate.

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TheNationalInstituteofNutritionhasrecommendedthatabalancehumandietshouldcompriseof11KGofmeatperannum.Theavailable
figures show that the current availability of meat is only 2.26 KG. Therefore the rapid increase in meat production is a necessity. But the lack of
technical know how, improved bread and lack of marketing awareness are the main hurdles which are also effecting the economic health of
particularlythosefamilieswhichentirelydependuponthisactivity.Inordertoboostandmakethisventuresuccessfulandmoreeconomicgenerating
factorthefollowingactivitiesareproposedunderthiscomponent:

Tosupplytheveterinaryfacilitiesandequipments.
Toimprovebreedthroughcrossbreedingwithimprovedqualitybreed.
Toimpacttrainingandtechnicalknowhowtothebreedersinordertoimprovetheirskillinsharingandbreedingetc.
Toestablishwoolresearchandqualitycontrollaboratoriesforresearchandextensionworkinwool.
Toestablishedwoolprocurementandgradingcenters.
TofacilitatingmarketingofwoolwithinaStateandoutsidetheState.
Topromoteproductionshearing,procurementandprocessingofthewool.

PoultryFarming:
In West Siang, Poultry Farming has shown vast potential of self employment opportunity and augmenting the nutritional status of the rural
populationbyenhancingtheavailabilityofproteinsinthedietatareasonablecostinviewofdecreasingtrendofpercapitaavailabilityofpulses.
ThepoultryFarminginthedistrictplayanimportantroleinimprovingthesocioeconomicstatusofruralpopulationbecausePoultryFarming
requires minimum status of rural population requires minimum capital and ensure quick returns. The sale of eggs on day to day basis helps in
increasing crop production through purchase of essential inputs such as seeds and insecticides etc., while the broiler faming provide handsome
return for major investments at the farmers level. Therefore, need to start a chicken scheme in rural for major investments at the farmers level.
Therefore, need to start a chicken scheme in rural area under watershed Development Programme especially of dual purpose variety, efficient for
botheggaswellasmeatproductionasneededtomaketheruralinhabitantsespecially poorfamilies selfdependent.Thepeopleof districtprefer
quality units of small size i.e. 50 to 100 birds each rather then big units. The State department of Animal Husbandry has also developed poultry
famingintheStatethroughtheirnetwork..ThetopographyandtheclimateconditionoftheStatearesuchthatsmallsizePoultryFarmaremore
successful.Assuchneedtostartsmallfamingundersubsidyespeciallyforthebeneficiarybelongingtoscheduledtribefamiliesandmarginalfarmers
in the project are is felt so that the poorest families are provided an incentive for starting poultry farming as an occupation. Under the proposed

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schemeonetimeassistanceonsharingbasisasperprovisionofguidelinesintheformofpoultryFarmsheds,chicks,equipments,medicines,Training
andmarketingwillbeprovided.

FisheryDevelopment:
The scope of pond fish culture existed in the district but due to hilly terrain, valley and complex topography the better result under this
componentareyettobeachieved.IncoldareastherearegoodscopeforTroutcultureandothercoldwaterfishes.Assuchaschemeoffreshwater
fish culture in the district can be boosted successfully in private sector. The trout, which is international known fish is being cultured in the
GovernmentFarm.Totakeupthisactivityinprojectmode,someinfrastructurewillbesetup,awarenessactivitiesamongstthepeopletobetakenup
on campaign and sustained basis, beside, raw material, seed and feed and marketing network need will be strengthened. The objective of the
componentistogeneratemoreemploymentopportunityinfisherysector,tomakefishfarmingacommonmanlivelihoodactivityandtoutilizethe
wastelandtroutfarms.
One unit of trout farming required construction of atleast two cemented raceway with a provision of RCC wall (15m x 2m x 1.5m)
whichinvolveapproximatelyRs.1.20lacs,witheachracewaycostingRs.0.60lac.
Basic principle of Trout culture is Running Water fish Culture. Which lies in intensive stocking and fish rearing in barricaded longitudinal
stretch well guarded by inlet and outlet properly flow of water required to each unit varies form 200400 L/sec. Besides this facilitation of
transportation for inputs and products, since fishery is a perishable commodity it needs to be transported in cool chain to the market. For this
purposespecialfundsprovisionrequired.
Horticulture:
TheHorticulturesection,whichincludesfruitshasamplepotentialfordevelopmentascomparedtoothercropsintheNorthernEasternStateof
ArunachalPradeshinviewofdiverseagroclimatecondition,varyingsoiltypesandabundanceofrainfallwhichhasremainedunexploited.
ThedevelopmentofNEregionexaminedbyvariouscommissionsandcommitteesrecommendedIntegratedDevelopmentofHorticulturebased
ontherecommendationsacentrallysponsoredschemeontechnologymissionforintegrateddevelopmentofhorticulture.

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TheHorticultureTechnologyMissionisworkingintheStatewiththegoaltoestablishconvergenceandsynergyamongnumerousongoing
governmental programmes in the field of horticulture development to achieve horizontal and vertical integration of these programmes to ensure
adequate, appropriate, timely and concurrent attention to all the links in the production, postharvest management and consumption chain.
Maximize economic, ecological and social benefits from the existing investments and infrastructure created for horticulture development, promote
ecologically sustainable intensification, economically desirable diversification and skilled employment to generate value addition, promote the
developmentanddisseminationofecotechnologiesbasedontheblendingofthetraditionalwisdomandtechnologywithfrontierknowledgesuchas
biotechnology, information technology and space technology, and to providethe missing links in ongoing horticulture development projects. The
components/activitiesofHorticultureTechnologyMissionwillbeadoptedintheimplementationofWatershedDevelopmentProgramme.Thesmall
nurseries will be developed and provision will be made for the availability of plant material, equipments and Farm Tools besides facilitating the
familiesinwatershedareaswithsufficientavailabilityofwater,birdsprotectionnets,postharvestmanagementtechnologyintheclusterapproach.
GreenHouseapproachwillalsobegivendueweigtageunderthiscomponent.Sincethedistrictishillyterrainandincaseoftheareaswhereroad
connectivityislackingtheropewaysconnectivityfortransshipmentoftheagriculturehorticultureproductwillbeintroduced.Thiswillnotfacilitate
thefarmerfortransshipmentoftheirproducebutalsothetransportationchargewillbelessincomparisontotransportationoftheirproducethrough
roads.
BeeKeeping:SmallfarmersofthedistricthaveadoptedBeekeepingwiththeobjectivetoproducediseaseresistanttypesaswellasbestquality
honeyandtopromotetheroleofhoneybeeasagentofpollinationforincreasingcropproductivity.Cropplantsarecrosspollinated,astheyneedto
receive pollen from other plants of the same species with the help of external agents. One of the most important such external agent are the
honeybees.Afewcoloniesofhoneybeewhenplacedinthefiled,whencropisinfloweringstage,pressintoserviceseveralthousandforagersfor
pollination. The abundance of pollinators, help in early setting of seed, resulting in early and more uniform crop yield. Scientific studies have
established that increase in yields of various crops due to the pollination by honey bees range from 20% to 100%. On the basis of published
information,12cropsofeconomicimportancesuchasalmond,apple,coconut,grape,guava,mango,papaya,mustard,sunflower,cottonetc.are
specifically dependent upon or benefit fromhoneybees pollination. Honeybees also produce honey, bee wax and royal jelly thus giving additional
benefit to farmers. Moreover, honeybees do not limit their pollination services to a single species rather a large number of agricultural crops are
pollinated by them. To encourage the groups of BPL / small farmers at district level bee keeping equipments with latest technology to assist the
procurementstorageandmarketingofhoneywillbepatronizedunderwatersheddevelopmentprojects.

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 MushroomCultivation:Thecultivationofmushroomwasinitiallystartedbecauseofrichcontentsofproteinitscultivationhasgainedmomentum,
andthereis largescopeforcultivationofmushroominthedistrictoncommercialscale. TheMushroomDevelopmentProjectundertheaegis of
UnitedNationalDevelopmentProgrammewasestablishedin1977.UndertheProgramme,theinputssuchascompost,casing,soil&spawnetc.are
suppliedtothemushroomgrowers.NowthisprojecthasconvertedintoNationalCentreforMushroomResearchandTrainingbytheGovernmentof
India.Besides,makingresearchandimpartingtrainingthiscentreisprovidingvariousincentivestothesmallscalefarmersandunemployedyouths
for the cultivation of mushroom. Resultantly Papum pare district of the State has been able to come up on the production Map of mushroom
cultivation.InordertoenhancetheproductivityofmushroomintheState,thisactivitywillbeadoptedinthesuitableareasbymakingtheprovision
offundsforconstruction/renovationofmushroomsheds.Makingprovisionofsubsidyasperadmissibilityinthecommonguidelineswillcoverthe
othercomponentsofmushroomcultivationsuchascompostandspawn.
CultivationofMedicinal/AromaticPlants:Anumberofspecies,mostlyimportantherbsofmidhillsandparticularlyhighhillsrequiredspecial
attentionforconservingthemThesespecies arethreatenedprimarilyduetohabitantdegradation,weedinvasionsandoverexploitation(rampant
extraction),asthesearesourcesoflivelihoodsforpoor.Plantationofseabuckthornwillbegivenhighpriorityincolddesertareasandplantation
technology for sea buckthorn will be standardized through collaborative research for wider adoption and acceptance. Better and modern nursery
managementpracticeswillbeadoptedatblockleveltoensuretheavailabilityofqualityplantingstock.
The climate and geographical condition of the District are suitable for growing medicinal and aromatic plants. An important aspect of this
tradeisthat24speciesoutofthetop100medicinalplantspeciestradedinthecountryarefoundintheState.AnassessmentinthebufferzoneofGrant
Himalayan National Park about the contribution of medicinal plants to the economy of forest side people reveals that harvesting and trade of medicinal
plantsgeteveryhouseholdandaverageannualincomeofRs.14000.Thetradeinmedicinalplantsislargelyunregulated,secretiveandexploitativeand
takesplaceintheformofrawmaterial.Peopletherefore,donotgetbenefitsofpossiblevalueadditiontothisrawmaterial.Keepinginviewthemarket
requirements,cultivationofselectedmedicinalplantssuchasKuth(Saussurealappa),Poshkar(Inularacemosa)andCaraway(CarunCarvi)willbedonein
thetribalregionandhaveprovedvaryproductiveforthetribalpopulationof otherStates.Similarinitiatives intemperateZone withselectedhighvalue
specieswillbeveryfruitfultothefarmersinaugmentingtheircashreturn.

Most of these plants are collected from the natural forests and sold to the local traders and middlemen on charging a very nominal export and
collectionfeeforexportingtheseherbsoutsidethestate.Regularexploitationoftheseimportantplantsfromtheirnaturalhabitat.Productionandcollection

168

asrecordedbytheStateForestDepartmentispracticallytoolessthantheactualandwhichhasalsonoticedadrasticdecrease.Localpeoplewhowere
depended on these resources for augmentation of their cash earning are facing a lot of difficulty in meeting their day to day requirements. Since the
agricultureisthemainoccupationoftheruralpeople andcollectionofminorforestproducesuchasmedicinalherbswastheeasiestwayofgenerating
incomeforthefamilies,whichneedstobeprotected.
Cultivationofselectedmedicinalplantsofknowncommercialvalueistheneedofhourandcanarresttheongoingexploitationfromnatural
forestDevelopmentofcultivationpracticeswillbeusefulononehandtothelocalpeopleasadditionalsourceofincomeandontheotherhandtechnology
willhelpintheconservationoftheseimportantbiodiversity.
There are a number of Protected Areas for which restricted area permits (RAP) are taken for access in districts of state. Access denial to
resourcesaffectslivelihoodsofcommunitiesinandaroundprotectedarea.BesidesthePA,therearesomegoodqualitypatchesofnaturalhabitatsfalling
intheStateandtheseareasmayrequirespecialattention.UnderwatershedDevelopmentProgrammethecultivationofmedicinal/aromaticplantswillbe
propagatedforgenerationofadditionalincomeofthepeopleofwatershedareas.
Sericulture: Mulberry based sericulture is a land based activity with good potential for generating productive employment. It are several
advantage such as labour intensive nature, low capital investment, short gestation period and good market. It has also special significance in
employment of women and aged who have limitation like low resource base of less physical stamina or due to social custom against working
outside the home. In the lower hills of the district majority of families are engaged in sericulture activities who are producing good quantity of
cocoonsandalsoearninggoodreturn.Thereisanexistingnetworkoftechnicalservicestationandmulberryplantation,whichprovideatechnical
inputtothefarmersandwhichneedtobefurtherstrengthened.
However,sericultureisstillbeingpracticedinthemosttraditionalwayandinunhygieniccondition,whichhasrestrictedgrowthofsericulture
bothinqualityandquantity.Theneedofhouris,therefore,toorganizethepoorfamiliesinSHGsandmotivatethemtoadoptlatesttechnologydeveloped
by the technical agencies, viz by adopting low cost humidity free rearing structure along with local technology inputs. Under Watershed Development
Projectthetechnicalassistanceandotherinputswouldbeprovidedtoruralpoorforadoptingsericultureasalternativeeconomicactivities.

169

TheBenefitstothepoorestsectionofthesocietybywayoforganizingthemintoSHGswillbeprovidedfromprojectfundsandnecessarytechnical
infrastructure will be created as per requirement of DPR. The capacity building infrastructure, technology and credit & marketing support will also be
provided.
UnderWatershedProjectadditionalareashallbeidentifiedandfollowingopportunitieswillbecreated:

MacropropagationofMulberryPlantationbyinvolvingSHG,GP,YuvakMandals,MahilaMandalsetc.
Todoublethenumbersofexistingsericulturefamiliesbyintroducingmultiplerearingpattern.
Forwardlinkagebywayofintroducingsilkreelingandweaving.

Mining:
Unscientificminingofsand,aggregates,sandstones,limestoneetc.,isontheriseBasedonconservativeestimate,Hugequantitiesofsand,gravel
and boulders are extracted annually from river / streams. Apart from generating substantial direct revenue of Rs.7016.35 lakh during 20042005
whichhasgonedownto193.51lakhduring 200607withgenerationofdirect/indirectemploymentinfarflungareas oftheState.Althoughthe
activityofminingcannotbeadoptedfrequentlyduetoenvironmentalhazardsbutwheretheresourceoflivelihooddependsonminingthisactivitycan
beconsideredunderwatersheddevelopmentprojectsubjecttopermissionofcompetenttrainingandminingtechniquestoensureminimumdamage
toenvironment.
HandicraftsandHandlooms:HandicraftsareanimportantcottageIndustryofDistrictandhavethesecondlargestemploymentpotentialinthe
rural sector being next to Agriculture. Importance of Handicrafts Industry in the economy lies in the artistic designs, low capital investment and
familybasedskills,whichpassesonfromgenerationtogenerationwithnoformaltraining.Sincetheactivityisnottakenupasprimaryoccupation&
much of attention not provided for adequate design, the required price is not achieved & hence discouraging. There is a need to attribute more
attention by communities in the project area with more artistic look & professionally. The state Govt. has set up Handicraft and Handloom
Directorate with the primary objective of upliftment of weavers / artisans of the Pradesh. The handicrafts, handloom and other rural artisans
activitieswillbegivenpriorityunderwatersheddevelopmentprogrammeforadditionalincomegenerationbythewatershedcommunities.
EcoTourism: A wide variation in the geographical and climate condition prevailing in Arunachal Pradesh & West Siang has resulted in vast
potentialintourism.Infact,theprevailingmakershavealwaysconsideredtourismasanindustrywhileformulatingstrategyforactualizationofthis
potential.Ifguidedbytherightpolicy,thisparticular industryhasapotentialforlongtermsustenanceaswell.Cleanandbeautifulenvironment,

170

waterfalls, virgin forests, historic monuments and hospitality of the native people of the State complete the indicative list of prerequisites for
sustaining tourism related activities in the long run. The potential for earning livelihood not only by the urban population but also by rural
populationofthedistrictinthissectorisimmense.Tourismhelpsprovidingemploymentmainlyinthreeways:

Directemploymentbyrenderingofhotelandcateringservices,asporterstransportandworkingastouristguides.
Employmentthroughproductionofgoodsandservicesrequiredbythetouristduringtheirstayatthedestination.
Employmentthroughtheactivitiesundertakenfordevelopmentofinfrastructurerequiredforpromotingtourism.
SumoServicestotraveltohilly&zigzaagdestination.

Thenumberoftouristsvisiting inArunachal Pradesh&districtshasbeenincreasing overtheyear.Thenumberoftouristswhovisitedthe

Stateintheyear20012002was6077andthisnumberdeclinedto51755in200607.PapumParehasvasttouristpotential,alargepartofwhichisstill
unexploited.Theentireregionisknownfortheircleanenvironmentandrawbeautyintermsofhighsnowcladmountainpeaks,meadows,thickforests,
widerangeoffloraandfaunaandplacesofhistoricandreligiousimportance.Thisregionhasslightadvantageintermofnaturalbeautyascomparedto
thatavailableintheLowHillsandtheValleysandthePlains.
Promoting tourism in the lesser known areas through a suitable designed policy will surely help in providing livelihood opportunities to the
peoplelivingintheseareasonsustainablebasis.Thetourismindustryintherecentpasthasventuredintothefieldofrecreationaltravel,adventureand
sports tourism ands cultural tourism. Under Watershed management, the places of high attraction of tourists like Mechuka Malinithan & others will be
developedbyadoptingtheactivitieslinkedwithecotourisminidentifiedareas.ThebigCheckDams/Pondshavingthescopeofboating/watergames
etc.theassistancefromthewatershedmanagementProgrammewillbeprovidedtotheyouthsforpurchaseofboat,Dhabasandotherbusinessactivities
etc.Anothersegmentwhichhasavastpotentialforpromotingtourismishealthtourismintermofherbalandmedicinalplantscultivation.Thereisalsoa
needtoconvertArunachalPradeshingeneral&thedistrictinparticularfrombeingaholidaydestinationofmedicinal/aromatic,plantwillbepropagated
toattractmoretouristandtogenerateadditionalincomeofthepeopleofruralareas.

171

Thequantumoffundsfortheseactivitieswouldbemadeaccordingtotheadmissibilityintheguidelines.
MicroEnterprisesandSkillUpgradation:
InPapumPareapproximately66.59%ruralhouseholdsarelivingbelowthepovertyline.ApartfromBPLfamilies,someotherhouseholdsare
havingverysmallholdings.Thesehouseholdsaremostlydependentfortheirsurvivalontheagricultural,animalhusbandryandotherlabourintensive
activities.Butduetolimitedopportunitiesandlackortechnicalknowhowtheyouthofruralareaarevisitingotherplacesespeciallyinurbanareasfor
employment.Duetomeagreopportunitiesofjobsfornontechnicalpersonsinindustries,theseyouthsareeitherengagingthemselvesinuneconomical
jobsorremainedidleforlongperiodinvolvingwastelandexpenditureandwastingvaluabletime.Iftheemploymentopportunitiestotheyouthsinmicro
enterprisesareensuredattheirdoorstepsornearbyareas,thevaluabletimeandexpenditurecanbesavedandfinancialstatusofthesefamilieswill
beimproved.ThustheopportunitiesexistunderWatershedManagementforskillupgradationofruralyouthsthroughreputed/recognizedinstitution/
organizationinthefieldofmicroenterprises.Inthepresentscenariotheelectronicrelateditemsareavailablewithalmosteveryruralhouseholdandin
caseofanydefectsintheseitemthesolutionistogetrepairedtheseitemsinthemarketorbyengagingthemechanicswithistimeconsumingaswell
asthecostlieraffair.Ittheyouthsoftheareaornearbyareaaretrainedintheseactivities,thewageemploymenttotheneedypersonandsavingin
theexpenditurecanbeensuredatvillagelevel.SimilarlytheRefrigeratorrepair,Motorrepair,Weldingetc.canalsobeconsideredastradeforskillup
gradationofruralyouthinprojectarea.OtherprofessionslikeMassonCarpenterarealsoimportantmeanofincomegenerationinruralareas.Butdue
tochangeinlivingstandardofthepeople,themodernitemsarebeingusedforconstruction/decorationofbuildingsforwhichthelatesttechnicalskills
is required to be upgraded of the persons involved in massonary and carpenter works to earn sufficient income of rural poor people by providing
assistanceandskillupgradationtrainingunderthesetrades.TheAnimalHusbandryismostimportantmeanforlivelihoodenhancementinruralarea.
Butduetolackofpropermarketingarrangements,theinhabitantsusetoselltheirproduceinthrowawaypricestothemiddleman.Incasethelocal
youthsaretrainedinthepreparationofespeciallybioproductofmilksuchascheesekhoaetc.thewageemploymentopportunitieswillbeincreased
andproducerwillalsogetmoreincomefromtheirproducts.TheothertraderelatingtofoodproductslikeSepuBari,Pickles,Souses,James,Juicesand
food cum medicinal items like Anbia Candi, Trifla, Murba etc. can also change the economic status of rural people in case these items are prepared
properlyinhygenicconditionbymaintainingstandard.Thetrainingonthesetradeswillbefruitfulinrelationtoselfemploymentopportunitiesandto
increasetheeconomicstatusofruralpeople.TomaketheruralyouthselfdependentthewatershedDevelopmentProgrammecanbethemostuseful
toolsespeciallytobuildtheirskill/knowledge.Itisthereforeproposedthattheselfhelpconstitutedandpropertrainingforupgradationoftheirskills
willbeprovidedasperprovisionintheWatershedDevelopmentguidelinestomakethemselfemployedbyadoptingincomegeneratingactivities.

172

Toupgradetheskillandtostarttheincomegeneratingactivities,theprovisionofsubsidywillbekepttoalltheruralhouseholdcomesunder
thecategoryofmarginalfarmers,unemployedyouths,Agriculturelabourer,nonagriculturelabourerandruralartisansthroughselfhelpgroupsirrespectiveof
theirselectioninBPLlist.ButthequantumofbenefitwouldnotbemorethantheprescribedlimitunderSGSY,inotherprojectsandprovisionoftheguidelines.
However,thefirstpriorityforthesebenefitswillbetheBPLfamilies/STpopulation.
WatershedDevelopmentFund(WDF):
PeoplescontributiontowardsWDFisamandatoryconditionforselectionofvillageforwatershedprojects.Thecontributionwillbe10%ofthecostofNRM
worksexecutedonprivatelandwhichwillbeaminimumof5%incaseofSC/ST.OthercostintensivefarmingsystemactivitiessuchAquaculture,Horticulture,
Agoforestry,AnimalHusbandaryonprivatelanddirectlybenefitingtheindividualfarmers,contributionwillbe40%forgeneralcategoriesand20%forST/SC
beneficiaries.
Thesecontributionsareacceptableeitherincashatthetimeofexecutionofworksorvoluntarylabours.Anequivalenttothemonetaryvalueofthe
voluntary labour would be transferred from watershed project account to the WDF Bank Accounts which will be maintained separately apart from WC bank
Account. User charges, sale proceeds and disposal amounts of intermediate usufruct right shall be deposited in the WDF account. Income earned from asset
createdundertheprojectoncommonpropertyresourcesshallalsocreatedtobeWDF.
Secretary,WatershedCommitteeshallmaintainseparateAccountofincome/expenditureofWDF.TherulesforoperationofWDFshallbeprepared
by watershed committee and ratified by PRI. This Account shall be operated by President of GP and any members from SHG nominated by Gram Sabba. The
guidelinesformanagementandutilizationofWDFshallbeevolvedbySLNA/DoLR,GOI.
AftercompletionofphaseIIatleast50%ofWDFshallbereservedformaintainenanceofassetscreatedoncommunitylandorcommonuseunder
theprojects(worktakenuponprivatelandshallnotbeeligibleforrepair/maintenanceofthisfund).Remainingmoneytobeusedasrevolvingfundtoadvance
loantothevillagersoftheprojectareawhohavecontributedtothefund.Individual/charitableinstitutionshallbeencouragedtocontributegenerouslytothis
fund.

173

Intheinstantprojectstheassetscreatedareanticipatedforcommonusealthoughworksaretakenuponprivatelandhence50%ofWDFfundsis
tobeallowedformaintenanceofasset.Remainingusedasrevolvingfundtothevillagersoftheprojectarea.Anyremainingfundasaresultofinterestaccrued
bygenerouscontributionbyindividuals/charitableinstitutionsshallbemootedforonwardtransfertotheusergroupunderthesupervisionofWC/PRI/WCDC,
DRDAwithproperExitprotocolaspertimetotimeinstructioncommunicatedbySLNA.
PHYSICAL&FINANCIALPROJECTIONSOFIWMPIDoimukh&Balijan CDBLOCK:
To achieve the objective of Watershed Development Project and to enhance the livelihood opportunities total 6720 hectare areas ( Jullang at
DoimukhCDblockfor4520ha&JoteatBalijanCDblockfor2200ha)hasbeenproposedfortreatmentinthisDPRasIWMPIDoimukhCDBlockofthe
districtoftheState.Theproposedareawillbetreatedinaphasedmannerwithinaperiodof47yearsandinvolvementofPanchayatiRajInstitutionsandlocal
communities constituted & annexed herewith will be ensured at each level to achieve the objectives of the watershed Development Projects. The financial
provisionasmadeintheguidelinesarenotsufficientfortreatmentofwholeproposedareasbuttheconceptofconvergenceisimportantforaddingadditional
financialresourcestobetakenupastheconceptofconvergenceisimportantforaddingadditionalfinancialresourcestotakeupthesuitableinfrastructureand
livelihoodrelatedactivities.TheadditionalprovisionoffundsarerequiredforimplementationofwatershedprojectinthehillyareaslikeWestSiangofArunachal
Pradesh,Howeverwiththepossibilitiesofincreaseinperhectarenormsforhillyareas,theperhectarecostnormshasbeenapprovedattherateofRs.15,000/
perHectareinsteadof12000/(Plain)&Rs.6000/(earlier).?
Thecomponentwisephasingalongwithworkplanshowingphysicalandfinancialprogramofwatersheddevelopmentforaperiodof4yearsalong
with the activities to be taken up at each location as identified is depicted in the DPRwhich shall be adhered in toto during execution. Papum Pare being
predominantly a hilly district with difficult terrain a financial outlay of Rs.15,000 per ha. has been taken . Thus a total outlay of Rs.10.08
crores(centralshareof90%Rs.9.072crore&Stateshareof10%1.008crore)hasbeenprojectedforaperiodof4yearswhichmayeven
be extended on unavoidable circumstances but not exceeding to 7 years subject to proper review/recommendation of SLNA & approval of
DOLR,GOI.Thefinancialprovisionrequiredforthe1st instalment (20%whichshallbereleasedinphases6%instantlyonreceiptofsanction
bySLNAfollowedby14%onDPRsubmission&recommendationofSLNAtoDOLR,GOI),2nd instalment(50%)&3rd instal(30%).
Aspercommonguidelinespara9.3,thefollowingbudgetcomponenthasbeenprescribedfortheproject:
BudgetComponent:

174

Sl.No
Components
Provisions(%age)
a)
1
AdministrativeCost
10%
2
Monitoring
1%
3
Evaluation
1%
b).PreparatoryPhase
1.
EntryPointActivities
4%
2.
Institutionalandcapacitybuilding
5%
3.
DetailedProjectReport
1%
c).WatershedworkPhase
1
Watersheddevelopmentworks
50%
2.
Livelihoodactivities
10%
3.
Productionsystemandmicroenterprise
13%
d).ConsolidationPhase
1
Consolidationphase
5%
Grandtotal(a+b+c+d)
100%
a).COMPONENTWISEFINANCIALOUTLAYSFORTREATMENTOF6720HECTARE
LANDAGAINSTIWMPIDOIMUKH&BALIJANCDBLOCK(@Rs.15,000/perhectare:

BudgetdistributionofIWMPIDoimukh&Balijan(Jullang4520ha&Jote2200)
TotalProjectArea:6720Ha.
TotalBudget:Rs.100800000.00

175

Sl.
No.
1
1

Particulars(BudgetComponent)

Norms
(%)

Totalamount
(Rs.inlakhs)

Remarks

Administrativeoverhead
i)AdministrativeCosts

10

10080000.00

ii)Monitoring

1008000.00

iii)Evaluation

1008000.00

i)Entrypointactivities,

4032000.00

ii)Institutionandcapacitybuilding

5040000.00

iii)DetailProjectReport(DPR)

1008000.00

i)Watersheddevelopmentworks

50

50400000.00

ii)Livelihoodactivitiesfortheassetlessperson

10

10080000.00

iii)Productionsystemandmicroenterprises

13

13104000.00

PreparatoryPhase

Watershedworksphase

176

ConsolidationPhase

Total

100

5040000.00
100800000.00

TheTreatmentplans&activitiesidentifiedtobecarriedoutfortheprojectishighlightedasfollows
1).WatershedDevelopment PlansforIWMPIDoimukh&BalijanCDBlock:
ORKPLANFORMULATEDUNDERTHEINTEGRATEDWATERSHEDMANAGEMENTPROGRAMME.

Nameoftheproject:IWMPIDoimukh&JoteCDBlocks(Jullang4520ha&Jote ProjectOutlay:1008lakhs
2200haVillages).
TotalArea:
No.ofUGs
District:PapumPare.
6720ha
formed:02

DateofApprvl.OftheWorkPlanasin
DPR:
No.ofWCsformed:
02

State:ArunachalPradesh
DateofSanction:3rdNov'2009.
Sl.No

Activites

Cost
/Unit

Target(Activitiestobetakenup)
Total
Re
ma
Year2&3(10 Year4(201213)
rks
Year1(200910)
12)
Year
Physica Financi Physic Financi Physica Financi Physi Financ

177

No.of
SHGs
formed:
03nos

No.of
WAs
forme
d:

1
1

2
FinancialAssistancegivenfor
Administrative
I
Costs(10%).
II
Monitoring(1%)
III
Evaluation(1%)

l
4

SubTotal
Preparatory
Phase(Nos):
I

EntryPointActivities
(4%)
a).Repair/upgradation/
Renovation
ofCommunitiesat
Jullang&Jote.
b).Repair/Renovationof
farmpondatJullang&
Jote
c).Upgradationofland
protectionfor
productivity
management.
c).Repair/restorationof
damagedwatersupply
intakepoints,platforms
d).C/0linkroadat
Jullang&Jote

al
5

al
6

al
7

l
8

al
13

cal
14

ial
15

20.16
2.016
2.016

50.4
5.04
5.04

30.24
3.024
3.024

24.19

60.48

36.288

100.8
10.08
10.08
120.9
6

40.32

29.86

40.32

10.00

10.00

4.20

4.20

3.20

3.20

3.00

3.00

7.66

7.66

178

16

e).Rechargingofnatural
Spring&renovationi/c
Channelization.
e).Establishmentof
Transitlocalhut.
f).Others(WC,SHG,UG
formation,Awareness
geneartion,IEC,Baseline
surveys,Tech
network,DPR,Resource
useagreements,
participatorymonitoring
etc.)

II

III
SubTotal

Institution&
CapacityBuilding
(5%)(Innos)which
includes:
i).Community
Sensitization&PRA
exerciseetc.
ii).TrainingofallPIA
staff,WDT,WC,SHGs,Ugs
etc.
iii).Exposurevisits&
others
DPR(1%)

2.10

2.10

4.60

4.60

6
15

5.56
40.32

6
15

5.56
40.32

15.12

50.40

10.08

25.20

3.00

8.00

4.00

10

15.00

3.00

6.00

4.00

13.00

2
6
1
22

4.08
10.08
10.08
60.48

5
14

11.20
25.20

14

25.2

4
9
1
10

7.12
15.12
10.08
25.2

11
29
1
45

22.40
50.40
10.08
100.8

179

WatershedWorks
Phase:
A).Watershed
DevelopmentWor
ks(50%):

Soil&Moisture
ConservationWorks(
ha)

Vegetativebarriers

GullyPlugs
Contour&Graded
bounds

c
d
e

II
a
b
c
d

Benchterracing
Otherswhichincludes
following
i).Landdevelopment
ii).Fieldbundsetc.

WaterHarvesting
Structure(Nos)
Farmponds
Nallahbandh
CheckDam
Percolation
Tank/StorageTank

19.00

47.50

28.50

95.00

26.67

4.00

46.67

7.00

21.67

3.25

26.67

4.00

60.00

9.00

35.00

5.25

46.67

7.00

116.67

17.50

100.00

15.00

126.
67
26.6
7
95.0
0
121.
67
263.
33

126.6
667

19

316.6
7

47.5

190

28.5

633.
33

21.80
4.00

4
3
4

54.50
8.00
5.00
6.00

2
2
3

32.70
2.00
4.00
4.00

8
5
7

95
109.0
0
14.00
9.00
10.00

3.80

8.00

4.00

15.80

26.67

4.00

180

66.67

10.00

33.33

26.67

4.00

0.00

5.00

19.00
4.00
14.25
18.25
39.50

III
a
b
c

IV

Others
i).Minorirrigation
channel
ii).Gabionstructure
iii).Landprotection
(RRM)forchannel
iv).Groundwater
Recharge
v).Earthen/Brushwood/L
ooseBoulderChecks
Afforestation(Ha)
PrivateAgricultureLand
CommunityLand
ForestLand
Othersincluding
i).Regenerationof
vegetativecover
ii).Rubber,Aromatic,
Medicialtreeplantation.
iii).Biofuelplantation

0.00

5.00

5
6

5.00
6.00

2
3

4.70
4.00

10
9

14.70
10.00

7.00

10.00

6.00

14

23.00

2.00

3.50

5.50

12
132

21.8
19.80

2
36
330

3.00
54.5
49.50

3
23
198

4.00
32.7
29.70

5
71
660

7.00
109
99.00

132

19.8

330

49.5

198

29.7

660

99

PastureDevelopment
(ha)

19.20

48.00

28.80

96.00

PrivateAgricultureLand

26.67

4.00

93.33

14.00

53.33

8.00

CommunityLand

46.67

7.00

80.00

12.00

60.00

9.00

173.
33
186.
67

Otherswhich

54.67

8.20

146.67

22.00

78.67

11.80

280.

181

26.00
28.00
42.00

includesfollowing
also
i).Sericulture
ii).Beekeeping(
apiculture)
iii).CattleRearing&
Livestock
iv).Microenterprise.
v).BackyardPoultry
SubTotal

00

128

19.20

320

48.00

192

28.80

640 96.00

31.50

52.50

Horticulture
Development(Ha)

PrivateAgricultureLand

53.33

8.00

120

18.00

66.7

9.00

CommunityLand

46.67

7.00

80.00

12.00

13.33

7.50

Othersincluding
i).NurseryRaisingfor
Podder&crops.
ii).Floriculture

40.00

6.00

150

22.50

40.04

15.00

240.
03
140.
00
230.
04

140

21.00

350.0
52.50
0

120.0
7

31.50

610. 105.0
07
0

13

20.16

20

30.24

B).Livelihood
Activitiesfor
Assettless/downt
rodden/marginal
farmers(10%)(in
nos)which

21.00

182

52.50

34

50.40

67

35.00
26.50
43.50

100.8
0

includes
ii).ITtraining&related
jobs,Mobilerepairs
iii).Handicraft
wood/bamboocarvings
&CaneWorks
iv).Bambooveneersfor
Plywood
v).CycleRepairs
vi).Plumbing
v).Procurement,processi
ng,marketingof
foodgrains.
vi).ValueadditiontoAgri
products.

C).Production
System&Micro
enterprise(13%)
(innos)which
willinclude

13

20.16

34

50.40

13

26.21

32

65.52

i).DairyMilkproduction
&collectivemarketing.
ii).Pisciculture
iii),Weaving
iv).Piggery

v).Crop
demonstration,seed

183

20

39.31

67

100.8
0

65

131.0
4

muliplication&banks.
vi).VermiCompost
vii).Promotion&
Propagationofnon
conventionalenergy
savingdevices,.
13

26.21

32

Consolidation
Phase(5%)which
includes

65.52

20

65

131.0
4

20

50.40

20

50.40

20

50.40

20

50.40

i).Completionofvarious
works.
ii).Capacitybuildingfor
newagendaitemsfor
postprojectperiod.
iii).Sustainable
managementof
developedresources.
iv).Upscalingsuccesses
onfarmproduction/off
farmlivelihoods.
v).Preparationofproject
completionreport
vi).Documentationof
successful
experience/lessons
learntetc.
SubTotal

184

586.6
667

G/Total
Areatobe
treated*

231.8 1432.
4
67
453.6

773.0
7

281
263.0 1.40
88
3
1008

i).ForestLand
II).CommunityLand

672

100.80

1680

252.00

1008

iii).Others

672

100.80

1680

252.00

1008

1344

201.6

3360

504

2016

Totalareatobetreated
People'sContributiontoWDFaccountto
bedeductedasperpara73ofguideline
&@
i).5%ofthecostof
NRMworksexecuted
onprivatelandsfor
SC/ST.
ii).20%forother
costintensive
farmingsystemfor
SC/ST.
*:Treatmentmap
enclosed.The
geographicallocations
ofprojectareasas
identifiedindicatedwith
Latitudelongitude.

185

504.0
151.20 3360
0
504.0
151.20 3360
0
672
302.4
0
1008

:Incaseofplantation
ActiviesNo.ofPlants
perHamaybeindicated
inremarkcol.

N.B: 1).These activities shall be carried out in respective project area duly indicated as per MWS6 nos polygon & at
locationsofrespectivefarmers.Therewillbenodeviation&allocationsshouldbeutilizedjudiciouslyforimplementation
asperindicationtillcompletionoftheproject
2).Theamountsfor4520ha&2200hawillbeutilizedattwoseparateblocksphasedoutatDoimukh&Balijan.The
WCDC(DRDA,Yupia)willensureproperdistributionoffundsasperadmissibilitytothesetwoblocksaccordinglybasedon
indicatedprojectareas.

186

Chapter10
Capacitybuilding
a) Stakeholdersandcapacitybuildingrequirements
Sl.
Project
Criticalcapacitygaps
No.
Stakeholder
1
Targetcommunity Sensitization on concept and importance of
watershedapproachasadevelopmentunit.
2
GPs
Training on watershed development. Delineation of
watershed areas and PRA exercise, monitoring,
evaluationandsocialaudit.
3
Watershed
Planningonyearlycalendarofactivities,assessment
Committees
ofneedsinthewatershedareas,monitoringofday
todayinwatershedprojectsandbookkeeping.
4
SHGs
Recordsmaintenance,banklinkage,upgradationof
skillforenhancingproductivity.
5
UGs
Importance of soil & water conservation,
afforestation,
horticultural
crops,
records
maintenanceoncommonpropertyresources.
6
WDTs
GIS mapping, Remote sensing, community
organization, planning and implementation of
watershedprogramme.
7
PIAs
Planning and implementation of watershed
programme, monitoring, MIS, online reporting to
SLNAandCLNA.
8
DRDA/ZPcell
9
SLNA
Policyandsanctioningofprojects.

187

b)

Strategiesforcapacitybuilding:
BasedonSLNAsActionPlanandpolicyforwatersheddevelopmentinthestate,thestrategytakenup forcapacitybuildingistoidentifynationaland
stateinstitutionswherePIAsandallfunctionariesofthewatershedprojectwillbesensitizedandtrained.Acalendaroftrainingmoduleshallbeframed
andconductedbyinvolvingthefollowinginstitutions.
i).NIRD,Guwahati,ii).NESAC,Megalayaiii).SIRD,Itanagar,iv).ICAR,Basar,v).SRSAC,Ita,vi).NERIST,Nirjuli,vii).KVKitanagar,viii).DistrictIndustrial
&TrainingCentre,PapumPare,ix).KVIC,Itanagar.

c)Capacitybuildingprogrammetobetakenup
a.

PRAexerciseWatersheddevelopmentisabottomupplanningprocess.Beforewatershedprojectisstartedthefarmers/Villagecommunities
have to be involved in watershed plan process. Orientation training and capacity building for PRA exercise shall be imparted to PIA,WDT
members,WCandUsersGroup.

b.

Training on survey and watershed mapping: WDT members and PIA have to be equipped with survey and watershed mapping with the
scientific equipments such as GIS and other survey materials. Hence capacity building training for them will be conducted before the
watershedprojectsstarts.

c.

TrainingforSHG:ConceptandactivitiesofSHGhastobeimpartedtoeachmember.Microfinancingandloansystemandintroducingthem
tofinancialinstitutionwillbedonethroughthecapacitybuildingprocess.

d)Trainingmanuals fortrainingprogrammeandfieldtraining :
WCDCunderDRDAshallbringouttrainingmanualsforeveryitemsofwatersheddevelopment.Allthe
functionariesofwatershedprojectwillgothroughthefieldtrainingwhichwillbeplannedandworkedoutassoon
asperSLNAdirectivebasedonapprovedStatePerspective&StrategicPlan..

188

ListofTrainingInstitutesidentifiedforCapacityBuildingatDistrictlevel:
TheStateleveltechnicalexpertsheadedbyHead,professionalexpertsbeinginconstanttouchwiththeDOLR,GOIacqiuantsall
aspectsofIWMP&shallbeinvitedtogiveshorttermtrainingsfortheprojectstakeholdersWCDC(underDRDA),PIA,WC,SHG,UG&PRI.
WCDC(DRDA)&PIA/WCmaygoinforoutsourcingtrainingneedstoreputedNGOonspecificapprovalofSLNA.Moreover,following
institutesareidentifiedforthesame

S.
No
.
1

Nameof
the
Training
Institute
NIRD,
Guwahati

NESAC,
Shillong

SIRD,
Itanagar

Name&
Designation Typeof
oftheHead Institute
ofInstitute
NIRD,Guwahati,Khanapura
N.Mallo,
National
Ph:No.
Director
Training
www.nird.org.in
Centre
NESAC,DepartmentofSpace,
DrPP
National
GOI,Umiam793103
Nageswar
Training
(Meghalaya)Telephone:+91 Rao,Director
Centre
3642570140/141Fax:+91
3642570139
Email:
pinnamanemi1953@yahoo.com
rao.npp@nesac.gov.in
Website:http://nesac.gov.in
StateInstituteofRural
Shri.Tope
State
Development
Bam
Training
FullAddresswithcontact
no.,website&email

189

Area(s)of
specialization

Accreditation
details

Watershed&Rural
Development

Nationallevel

RemoteSensingandGIS

Nationallevel

RuralDevelopment/
Watershedprogrammme

Statelevel

Itanagar,ArunachalPradesh
791111.
Ph.No.03602216911(O&
fax)
4

Director

Centre

NERIST,
Nirjuli

Director,NERIST,Nirjuli,
Dr.Joram
Regional Tech.Collegewith
PapumPareDistrict,Arunachal Begi,Director Engineerin knowhowinRD
Pradesh
gCollage Programmes
Watershedincluding
Ph:0360/2257401.Fax:0360/22
specilizationinAgri/
58533
Forestetc.
5.
ICAR,
JointDirector,Basar,West
R.
Agri.
Reasearchinstitutein
Basar
Siang,ArunachalPradesh,
Bhagawati, Reasearch
Agriculture
Ph:919435252487
Jt.Director
Institute
Fax:03795/
Information,Education&Communication(IEC)Activities

Nationallevel

StateLevel

Allthenecessaryinformationliketemperature,rainfall,soiltypewillbecommunicatedfrommicrowatershedleveltoWCDC/PIAtoSLNAandfrom
SLNAtoDOLR/NRAA,GOIthroughwebsite.SLNAshallhaveaseparateofficeofitsownanditshallhaveafundprovisionforinformation,educationand
communication.AlltheITequipmentsprovidedtoSLNAshallbemadeusebyPIA/WCDCwiththehelpofDOLR/NRAA,GOI.Hardcopiesofanyreports
andinformationshallbesuppliedtotheconcernedauthoritythroughspeedpost.

190

DetailsofIECactivities:
1

Sl.
No.

District

Activity

Executing
agency

1.

2.

Infrastructure
development

Papum
Pare

Training

WCDC
(DRDA)in
consultation
withPIA
&WDT/
WC.
WCDC
(DRDA)in
consultation
withPIA
&WDT/
WC.

5
Estimated
expenditure
forXIPlan
period
(Rs.inlakh)
5.20

6
ExpectedOutcome(may
quantify,wherever
possible)
i.3setsofcomputerswith
printers.
ii.01setsofXeroxmachines.
iii.01setsofFaxmachines.

1.75

Skillenhancementoffield
staffwiththelatestIT,GIS,
Remotesensingand
communityorganization.

3.

Exposuretrip

WCDC
(DRDA)in
consultation
withPIA
&WDT/
WC.

2.2

Triptorenownedinstitutes,
centresandprojectareasfor
firsthandexperience.

4.

Documentation

WCDC

2.5

Documentationofbest

191

&
Translation

(DRDA)in
consultation
withPIA
&WDT/
WC.

indigenouspracticesand
successstories.Translationof
scientificmethodsand
practicesofwatershed
programmeintolocal
dialects.

Chapter11
MonitoringandEvaluation(M&E)
a) Performancemonitoringofprojects:NationallevelmonitorswillbeappointedbytheministryofRuralDevelopmentwhereasStateLevelmonitors
willbeappointedbySLNA.WCDC,DRDA&PIA/WCwilltakeallinitiativeforthesame.
b) Institutionalperformancemonitoring:MonitoringonInstitutionalperformancewillbecarriedoutfromtimetotimewiththemonitorsappointedby
SLNA.
c) Internallearning:ThroughmonitoringandevaluationtheactivitiesofSLNA,WCDCandPIAswillbemonitoredandcorrectivemeasureswillbetaken
up.
d) Evaluation:SLNAwillprepareapanelofevaluatorswiththeapprovalofDOL,GOI.Theywillevaluatetheperformanceinthewatershedprojectin
differentstages.

192

ListofInstitutesidentifiedforM&EatDistrictlevel:
1

S.
No
.
1

3.

3.

4.

Nameof
the
Training
Institute
NIRD,
Guwahati

FullAddresswith
contactno.,website&
email

NIRD,Guwahati,Khanapura
Ph:No.09435019953
www.nird.org.in
ICAR,Basar JointDirector,Basar,West
Siang,ArunachalPradesh,
Ph:09436252487
03795222237(F)
SIRD,
StateInstituteofRural
Itanagar
Development
Itanagar,Arunachal
Pradesh
791111.
Ph:09436041338
0360/2216911(O&F)
NERIST,
Director,NERIST,Nirjuli,
Nirjuli
PapumPareDistrict,
ArunachalPradesh
Ph:0360/2257401
Fax:0360/2258533

Name&
Designationof
theHeadof
Institute
I.Mallo
,Director

Typeof
Institute

Area(s)of
specialization

Accreditation
details

Central
Govt.

Agriculture&
Rural
Development
Reasearch
institutein
Agriculture

Nationallevel

R.Bhagawati,
Jt.Director

Agri.
Reasearch
Institute

Shri.TopeBam
DirectorI/C

State
Training
Centre

Rural
Development/
Watershed
programmme

Statelevel

Dr.JoramBegi,
Director

Regional
Engineerin
gCollage

Technical
Collagewith
knowhowinRd
Programmes/
Watershed
including
specilizationin
Agri/Forest

Nationallevel

193

StateLevel

etc.

Chapter12
Expectedoutcomes
IWMPIDoimukh&Balijanisapovertyalleviationprogramme.Withtheimplementationofthisprojectthevariousoutcomesexpectedare:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Increaseinproductivityoftheland
Createemploymentopportunities
Raiseruralincomesandlivingstandard
Reductioninmigrationfromruralareas
Increaseinwatertable inthearea.Thiscanbeaccomplishedbywaterharvestingstructure,checkdam,afforestation&otherwatershedinterventionby
rechargingthegroundwater.Asofnowthewatertableoftheprojectareaisaround3.5to4matHolar,Nyayi,44.5matHodok,4.55.5matAmtum
area&45matHumiareas.
6. Restoreecologicalbalanceandoverallenvironmentalimprovement.
7. Changeinsystemofcultivationfromshiftingtopermanentcultivation.

194

Expected/EstimatedOutcomes
1

2
3
Name
S.
ofthe
Item
No.
District
1
Papum Statusofwater
Pare
table
Groundwater
structures
repaired/
rejuvenated

Qualityof
drinkingwater

Unitof
measurement

Preproject
Status

ExpectedPost
projectStatus

Remarks

meters

3.55.5mtrs.

34mtrs.

No.ofunit

Groundwater
recharging&
rejuvenationnot
initiated.

mg/L

Unhygienicand
contaminated(with
Hilikamiyasource,
PH7,Total
hardnesscaco3
20mg/l,Alkalinity
109.8,Turbidity0
NTU,Iron.3mg/l,
chloride10
mg/l,sulphate96

195

Riversand
streamswill
berecharged
through
water
conservation
measureslike
water
harvesting
structures,
afforestation.
Hygienicandpure

Availabilityof
drinkingwater

months

Increasein
irrigation
potential
Changein
cropping/land
usepattern

Hectares

Areaunder
agriculturalcrop
i Areaunder
singlecrop
ii Areaunder
doublecrop

Type

mg/l,Nitrate30
mg/l&residual
chlorine0.2mg/l.
Wateravailable
for910months.

All12monthsat
projectareawith
treates
w/s,rainwater
harvesting
structures,Agri
film/Polythene,Ring
well,pumpingset,
etc.
326ha
Moreirrigation
potentialtobe
created342.3
Traditional&
Highyielding
Subsistence(rice,
varietiesof
Maize&millet)
rice,maize,millet&
adoptionofmultiple
croppingwithcash
crops,chillies,ginger..

Hectares

52,980

58,278

Hectares

6759

7434.9

196

iii Areaunder
Hectares
multiplecrop
Netincreasein
Hectares
cropproduction
area
Increaseinarea
Hectares
under
vegetation
Increaseinarea
Hectares
under
horticulture
Increaseinarea
Hectares
underfuel&
fodder
Production:
Milk
Ltr/year
Fish
Tones/yr
Meat
Tones/yr
No.ofSHGs
No.
Increaseinno.
No.
oflivelihoods

29,967

Aerageincome Rs./month/Household
increase
Migration
Person/yr
SHGFederations
No.

197

32,963.70

4,70,044.5

5,17,048.95

17

19

44

57.2

150
60

165
1071.892

12

Rs.2737/

17(Permanent
cultivation,Mithun
rearing,horticulture,
fishery,apiculture,
weaving,
handicrafts,etc.
Rs.3345/

10(block)

7
11

OneSHGs

formed
Creditlinkage
withbanks

Resourceuse
agreements

WDFcollection
&management

Summaryof
lessonslearnt

Federationin
eachdistrict.
No.

15
SBI,Rural
Bankof
Arunachal,
Arunachal
state
Cooperative
Bank,UTI,
etc.

Agreement
withuser
groupsfor
management
and
maintenance
ofthe
resources
created.
Rupees

Watershed
Committee
willmonitor
andmanage
thefund.
Bottomupapproachinplanningprocessisfoundtobeeffective.
Watershed as a development unit is found to be more focussed as it has a
commonoutlettoeasilyassessorcomputethesedimentandwaterlossage.
Promotion of women SHGs and their representation in the water shed
committee has given the women a platform in the decision making and also

198

enhancingtheirincomethroughlivelihoodactivities.
Change in the mindset of people from the practice of jhum cultivation to
permanentcultivation.
Conservation measures of soil, moisture and water helped in reducing the
problemofsoilerosionandrechargeofgroundwatertable.
Reversalinmigrationfromruraltourban.
Watershed programme resulted in increase of green cover, soil moisture and
therebyimprovingtheecosystem.

************

199