PERFORMANCE AND DESIGN OF

THIN, HIGHLY MODIFIED PAVEMENTS

Outline

How SBS Works in Bitumen and Asphalt Pavement

Background of the Studies
Material Property Testing and Advanced Modeling
Performance of NCAT Structural Sections
Commercial Pavement Trials
Pavement Design
Brazilian references

Background of the Study

Higher traffic intensities and pavement loadings require more
durable pavements.
Higher traffic intensities also command longer maintenance
intervals to increase availability of the road.
Environmental pressure is increasing; reduction of use of natural
resources such as aggregate and less emissions are highly desired.
SBS modification has proven benefits in wearing courses over the
past decades in every relevant property.
Use the benefits of SBS to create a polymer modified base course
asphalt that can fulfil the requirements of today and tomorrow.
Technical challenge: compatibility and workability with relatively
hard base bitumen.

SBS in Bitumen

IKraton

Phase Morphology
Bitumen phase
phase

Swollen polymer

.
.
.

..

- ..... ...
.

...::

..

..

. . . . . .
. .
. -

....

Polymer absorbs bitumen swelling 5-lOX

..-

Crack Propagation in Toughened Composite

S. Lopez-Esteban, J.F. Bartoleme, C. Percharroman, S.R.H. Mello Castanho, J.S. Moya, Wet Processing and
Characterization of ZrO2/Stainless Steel Composites: Electrical and Mechanical Performance, Materials
Research, Vol 4, Sao Carlos, July 2001. Used with permission.
KRATON

Fatigue Performance -4 point beam bending

Continuous polymer phase

Continuous polymer phase
Co-Continuous

Soft Point R&B [C]

100
90

HiMA

80

Discontinuous
Polymer Phase

70
60
40

50
Standard
Modificat
ion

I
m
p

roving
Modificat
ion

6
8
SBS Content [%]

15 m

0.3 m

0.15 m

Pavement Structure and Loading

Proposed System

mm (PMA)
wearing course
44

44 mm

subgrade

38 mm PMA

wearing course
38 mm PMA
binder

subgrade

Modeling Results

0.0129

total
damage

total
damage

0.0121
0.0113
0.0105
0.0097
0.0089

N=1000

N=1000

0.0081
0.0073
0.0065

100

100
0
0

200

200

300

400

0.0057

N=5000

0.0049

300

400

N=9000

100

200

300

400

0.0041
0.0033
0.0025
0.0017
0.0009
0.0001

N=9000

Comparative Damage

NCAT VIDEO

KRATON Mission + Vision and Core Values

15

Cross Sections Evaluated - 2009

32 mm (PG 76-22; 9.5mm NMAS; 80 Gyrations)

32 mm (Kraton Modified, 9.5 mm NMAS)
70 mm (PG 76-22; 19mm NMAS; 80
Gyrations)

76 mm (PG 67-22; 19mm NMAS; 80

Gyrations)

Dense Graded Crushed Aggregate Base

Mr = 85 MPa
n = 0.40
Test Track
Soil Mr =

57 mm (7% polymer;19mm NMAS; 80 Gyrations)

57 mm (7% polymer;19mm NMAS; 80 Gyrations)

200 Mpa n
= 0.45

Section N7: Testing thinner pavement concept - 2012

3X less rutting while 20% thinner

Asphalt Structure Fatigue Resistance from Modelling predictions

25x better fatigue resistance of the structure

Master Curve Comparison

10,000
Kraton
Surface Control
1,000

Binder Control

E*, ksi

Base Control
100

10

1
-6.0000

-4.0000

-2.0000

0.0000

Log frequency

2.0000

4.0000

2006 NCAT Construction Cycle

254 mm Oklahoma Perpetual

Pavement Design
356 mm Oklahoma
Perpetual
Pavement Design

Weak subgrade = poor soil for construction

2009 NCAT Construction Cycle

In July 2009 NCAT constructed our HiMA test section N7.
Oklahoma wished to continue trafficking their 2006
perpetual pavement sections.
N9 the 356 mm section was still performing well and
was left as is.
N8 the 254 mm section was experiencing serious
subgrade rutting (in the intentionally weakened soil
under the pavement structure). This lead to rutting and
cracking in the pavement.
In order to maintain safety and reasonable pavement
surface, the N8 section was milled to a depth of 127 mm
and rebuilt. This would be considered major
rehabilitation.

2009 NCAT Construction Cycle August 2009

146 mm HiMA Pavement

127 mm
Conventional
Structural
Overlay

Oklahoma Pavement
Failed due to severe
subgrade rutting

Standard subgrade = good

soil for construction

Oklahoma Pavement Still

Sound

Weak subgrade = poor

soil for construction

Section N8 June 29, 2010 4.0 MM ESALs

Section NS - June 29, 20 10 - 4.0 MM ESALs

IKraton
254 mm pavement
paved Aug. 2006
127 mm rehabilitation
Aug. 2009
1O months old

2009 NCAT Construction Cycle August 2010

32 mm (7% polymer; 9.5 mm

NMAS)

32 mm (7% polymer; 9.5 mm NMAS)

57 mm (7% polymer;19
mm
NMAS; 80 Gyrations)

57 mm (7% polymer;19
mm NMAS; 80
Gyrations)
57 mm (7% polymer; 9.5 mm
NMAS; 80 Gyrations)

57 mm (7% polymer;19 mm
NMAS; 80 Gyrations)

Oklahoma Pavement Still Sound

Oklahoma Pavement Failed
due to severe subgrade rutting

Standard subgrade = good

soil for construction

Weak subgrade = poor

soil for construction

Section N8 June 20, 2011 4.2 MM ESALs

Section N8 Sept. 12, 2011 5.27 MM ESALs

HiMA Global Paving Projects

29

Paving Projects to Date

June 2009 Thirteen city streets in Belpre, OH. Two 1 lifts, 9.5mm
NMAS fine mix PG -28 base bitumen. No production or construction
problems despite inclement weather.
July 2009 Section N7 (part of pooled fund group program) at NCAT
test track, PG -22 base bitumen. Again, no problems with production
or construction. Mix behaved like conventional PG 76-22 asphalt
concrete.
May 2010 Slow, heavy traffic intersection in Georgia. PG -28 base
bitumen No construction issues. Mix ran easier than normal 76-22
August 2010 NCAT Section N8, similar structure to N7.
October 2010 Port of Napier, New Zealand container loading wharf
August-September 2011 Thin lift overlay trials in Minnesota,
Vermont and New Hampshire
February-April 2012 Structural rehabilitation on I 40 in Oklahoma
May 2012 Thin lift overlay trial, I-5 in Oregon
June 2012 Structural rehabilitation US 231 in Alabama

US Full Commercial Construction Projects

Rehabilitation of 2 miles of Interstate 40 in Oklahoma, spring 2012

Binder specification PG 76E-28 with 95% elastic recovery
NAPA Quality in Construction Award
Excellent performance to date
Rehabilitation of 5 miles of US 231 in Alabama, summer 2012
Binder specification PG 76E-22 with 95% elastic recovery
Excellent performance to date

31

Pavement Performance Prediction

So how do we design pavements to meet performance

needs?
What (realistic and practical) methodology of pavement
design will accurately predict performance?
What mixture properties and specifications?
What changes to mix design?
What binder properties and specifications?

Do not currently have adequate models for

reflective
cracking! Needed to address preservation strategies.

Performance Prediction Pavement

Modeling Using MEPDG and Revised Estimated Endurance

Limits
Estimate endurance limit from AMPT mastercurve and IDT
strength testing.
Adjust MEPDG calibration factors accordingly.
Full depth construction project in Parana, Brazil paved in March
2012.
ARA Harold von Quintus
DLSI Raj Dongr
UF Rey Roque

Performance Prediction Pavement 3

Modeling Using MEPDG
Revised Estimated Endurance Limits using beam fatigue
and/or S-VECD model
Estimate endurance limit from AMPT mastercurve and push-

pull fatigue testing or from 4-point bending beam fatigue data.

Adjust MEPDG calibration factors accordingly.
Rehabilitation project SP 300 near So Paulo, Brazil. Due to
strong substructure, bound layer thickness reduced by 50%.
TFHRC Nelson Gibson, Xin Jun Li
NCSU - Richard Kim, Shane Underwood
NCAT - Nam Tran, Randy West, Buzz Powell
DLSI Raj Dongr

Performance Prediction Mixture 1

Modeling Results from TFHRC and NCSU

Modeling fatigue behavior from basic material properties (AMPT)
using a Simplified Viscoelastic Continuum Damage (S-VECD) model
Testing conducted at Turner Fairbank Highway Research Center
and the National Center for Asphalt Technology
Data presented at the Models and Mixture Expert Task Group
meetings, March 2011.
TFHRC Nelson Gibson, Xin Jun Li
NCSU - Richard Kim, Shane Underwood
NCAT - Nam Tran, Randy West, Buzz Powell
DLSI Raj Dongr
AAT - Don Christensen and Ray Bonaquist

Results Premium Polymer Modification

Determination of Endurance Limit

Endurance
Limit

Extrapolation to 50MM cycles

KRATON Mission + Vision and Core Values

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Results Premium Polymer Modification

Endurance Limit (50M cycles) from range of

temperatures

Thickness reduction capability

207
mm
(1)
Std
Bitumen

238
mm (1)
Std
Bitumen

83 mm
(2)
HiMA

146
mm
(2)
HiMA

270
mm
(1)
Std
Bitum
en

179
mm
(2)
HiM
A

294
Mm
(1)
Std
Bitum
en

228
mm
(2)
HiMA

Su
b
bas
e
30
0
MP
a

Su
b
bas
e
30
0
MP
a

Su
b
bas
e
30
0
MP
a

Su
b
bas
e
30
0
MP
a

Su
b
bas
e
10
0
MP
a

Su
b
bas
e
10
0
MP
a

Su
b
bas
e
10
0
MP
a

Su
b
bas
e
10
0
MPa

Sub
gra
de
300
MPa

Sub
gra
de
300
MPa

Sub
gra
de
100
MPa

Sub
gra
de
100
MPa

Sub
gra
de
50
MPa

Sub
gra
de
50
MPa

Sub
gra
de
20
MPa

Sub
grad
e 20
MPa

Good quality sub base

Poor quality sub base

HiMA Global Paving Projects

40

HiMA no Brasil

KRATON Mission + Vision and Core Values

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Kraton & Compasa Video

KRATON Mission + Vision and Core Values

42

Parana PR092 Construo em Maro 2012

Resultados

medio feita em Dezembro 2012

- Deformao permanente (ATR)
KRATON Mission + Vision and Core Values

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Resultados Dezembro 2012

Convencional PR 092

Resultados Dezembro 2012

HIMA PR 092

Arteris - March 2012 BR116 Rgis Bittencourt

Applicao Overlay fresagem e preenchimento

46

Arteris - Dezembro
Resultados com 9 meses
FAIXA 2 EXTREMAMENTE PESADO

FAIXA 1 MUITO PESADO

Arteris - December 2012 BR116 Rgis Bittencourt

Arteris - December 2012 BR116 Rgis Bittencourt

Rota das Bandeiras SP 065

Campinas e Igarat Novembro 2012

Rota das Bandeiras SP 065

Campinas e Igarat Novembro 2012

Transoeste Rio de Janeiro

Asphalt characteristics
PA 85C

CCR Nova Dutra Abril 2012

Novas Marginais Dutra em Guarulhos
Trfego - NUSACE de 2,62 x 108 10 anos

HiMA Projeto Colinas - SP300

Worse situation km 111,00 km 110,00
Soluo Original

Estrutura
existente

Revestimento
Asfltico
CBUQ CAP
Conv

Base
BGTC

Reforo
CBUQ CAP
Conv

11c
m

11c
m

Revestimento
Asfltico
CBUQ CAP
Conv

Base BGTC

AASHTO
guide 93

7 cm

Reforo
Subleito

35c
m

Reforo Subleito

HiMA Projeto Colinas - SP300

rojeto
P HiMA
Projeto
HiMA
layer
Asphalt
layer CBUQ
CAP Conv

4.0cm
Fresar
e
recom
por

Anlise utilizando:
MEPDG
Fadiga
(cracks)
Trilha de
roda
Mdulos
FWD
Dados de trfego: SP300 5 anos
N = 8.33 E + 06 (USACE)

Dados asfalto

Base BGTC

convencional Padro
Dados HiMA - NCAT
Fatores de calibrao dos materiais

Subgrade

Comparative MEPDG Models Using S-VECD Coefficients

7.0 cm mill & unmodified overlay

4.0 cm mill & HiMA overlay

total surface

total surface
cracking

cracking 15%

15%
limit

limit

20

20 years
years
rutting
7 mm limit

rutting

7mm limit

OBRIGADO!!!

KRATON Mission + Vision and Core Values

57

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the Giving Innovators Their Edge tagline and, in some cases, their expression
in other languages are trademarks of Kraton Performance Polymers, Inc. and
are registered in many countries throughout the world.
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2012 Kraton Performance Polymers, Inc. All rights reserved.
KRATON Mission + Vision and Core Values

58