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TES-COAT-EPU External Multi-Component

Liquid Coating Systems for Below Ground Facilities (Cdn-US-Mex)


Revision: 08
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TES-COAT-EPU External Multi-Component Liquid


Document Type: Specification
Coating Systems for Below Ground Facilities
(Cdn-US-Mex)
Effective Date: 2011/Nov/23

Revision: 08

Classification Code: ME-09

Document Owner: Materials Engineering

Originator:
Aissa Van Der Veen, P. Eng., Materials Engineering
Discipline Checker:
Robert Worthingham, P. Eng., Pipeline Integrity
Program Management
Responsible Engineer:
Aissa Van Der Veen, P. Eng., Materials Engineering

Status: Issued

______________________________________________
Signature/Date (signed copy on file)

______________________________________________
Signature/Date (signed copy on file)

______________________________________________
Signature/Date (signed copy on file)

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE

Included requirements for coating of braces.

Included requirements for the repair and holiday detection of abrasion resistant coatings.

Revised the holiday detection requirements.

Revised the qualification process for applicators.

Distinguished between spray and brush grade coating application.

Revised section 12.1.6.

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TES-COAT-EPU External Multi-Component


Liquid Coating Systems for Below Ground Facilities (Cdn-US-Mex)
Revision: 08
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Table of Contents
Page No.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE..................................................................................................... 1
1

PURPOSE....................................................................................................................................... 4

SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................ 4

REFERENCES............................................................................................................................... 4

DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................................... 6

SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS .................................................................................................... 6

REQUIREMENTS......................................................................................................................... 7
6.1
General................................................................................................................................ 7
6.2
Coating of Valves, Fittings and Pipe .................................................................................. 8
6.3
Coating of Girth Welds and Tie-In Welds .......................................................................... 9
6.4
Coating of Tie-Ins............................................................................................................... 9
6.5
Coating of Structural Steel................................................................................................ 10
6.6
Backfilling ........................................................................................................................ 10
6.7
Risers and Transition Areas .............................................................................................. 10
6.8
Steel Reinforcement Sleeves and Piping through Clamps, Braces and Supports ............. 10
SPRAY GRADE COATING APPLICATION.......................................................................... 11
7.1
General.............................................................................................................................. 11
7.2
Qualification ..................................................................................................................... 11
7.3
Coating Material ............................................................................................................... 11
BRUSH GRADE COATING APPLICATION ......................................................................... 12
8.1
Contractor Qualification for Brush Grade Coating Application ....................................... 12
8.2
Qualification of Company Personnel for Coating Application......................................... 13
8.3
Coating Material ............................................................................................................... 13
QUALIFICATION LABORATORY TESTING ...................................................................... 14

10

SURFACE PREPARATION ...................................................................................................... 15

11

COATING APPLICATION ....................................................................................................... 16


11.1
General.............................................................................................................................. 16
11.2
Preheating ......................................................................................................................... 16
11.3
Application........................................................................................................................ 17
INSPECTION............................................................................................................................... 18

12
13

14

COATING REPAIRS.................................................................................................................. 21
13.1
Repair Materials................................................................................................................ 21
13.2
Surface Preparation for Coating Repairs .......................................................................... 21
13.3
Preheating ......................................................................................................................... 21
13.4
Low DFT areas ................................................................................................................. 22
13.5
Overcoating Existing Coatings ......................................................................................... 22
13.6
Stripping of Defective Coating ......................................................................................... 22
13.7
Application of Repair Coatings ........................................................................................ 23
ADHESION AND CURE TESTS............................................................................................... 23
14.1
Adhesion Test Using X-cut............................................................................................... 23

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Liquid Coating Systems for Below Ground Facilities (Cdn-US-Mex)
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14.2
Test Panels ........................................................................................................................ 23
14.3
Test Procedure .................................................................................................................. 24
14.4
Rating................................................................................................................................ 24
14.5
Cause for Rejection........................................................................................................... 24
14.6
Cure Test Using Shore D Hardness .................................................................................. 25
APPENDIX 1 MAINLINE RECOATING USING LINE TRAVEL EQUIPMENT MAINLINE
RECOATING............................................................................................................................... 26
APPENDIX 2 TIE-IN PROCEDURE FOR ASPHALT, THIN FILM TAPE AND COATING
THE EDGE TRANSITION OF CLAMPS, BRACES AND SUPPORTS............................... 29
APPENDIX 3 FIELD TESTING OF ABRASIVE BLASTING MEDIA.......................................... 31
APPENDIX 4 TESTING FOR SALT ON BLAST CLEANED SURFACES................................... 32
APPENDIX 5 ACCELERATED CURING OF REPAIR AREAS.................................................... 33
FIGURE 1 VISUAL COMPARATOR FOR 0.03% EMBEDDED ABRASIVES ........................... 35

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TES-COAT-EPU External Multi-Component


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PURPOSE
This Specification describes the requirements for the application and inspection of multicomponent liquid coatings to be used for below ground corrosion control on:

Pipe, piping assemblies, valve assemblies, components and girth welds, horizontal directional
drilling (HDD) girth welds

Compressor station and meter station piping

Mainline, compressor station and meter station recoating projects

Buried structural steel

SCOPE
This Specification applies to the application of multi-component liquid coatings to mainline pipe,
valves, fittings and field integrity programs where pipeline service temperatures do not exceed
90C (194F), except where noted. This Specification applies to the application of all multicomponent liquid coatings used for external corrosion protection of below ground gas and liquid
pipeline systems. This Specification covers holiday detection and repairs to fusion bond epoxy
(FBE) coating with multi-component liquids in the field.
This Specification applies to Canada, the United States and Mexico.

REFERENCES
The latest editions of these references shall be used.
a) SSPC Steel Structures Painting Manual Volume 2
b) SSPC VIS 1 Guide and Reference Photographs for Steel Surfaces Prepared by Dry Abrasive
Blast Cleaning
c) SSPC Technology Guide 15 Field Methods for Retrieval and Analysis of Soluble Salts on
Steel and Other Nonporous Substrates
d) SSPC-PA 3 Guide A Guide to Safety in Coating Application
e) Swedish Standards Institution (SIS) 055900 Pictorial Surface Preparation Standards for
Painting Steel Surfaces
f) NACE Standards:

NACE No. 1/SSPC-SP-5

NACE No. 2/SSPC-SP-10

NACE No. 3/SSPC-SP-6

NACE No. 4/SSPC-SP-7

NACE SP0188 Discontinuity (Holiday) Testing of New Protective Coatings on


Conductive Substrates

NACE SP0490 Holiday Detection of Fusion-Bonded Epoxy External Pipeline Coatings


of 250 to 760 m (10 to 30 mil)

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g) ISO 8502 Preparation of Steel Substrates before Application of Paint and Related Products Tests for the Assessment of Surface Cleanliness

Part 3: Assessment of Dust on Steel Surfaces Prepared for Painting (Pressure-Sensitive


Tape Method)

Part 5: Measurement of chloride on steel surfaces prepared for painting (ion detection
tube method)

h) Company Procedure TEP-COAT-TQ Technical Pre-Qualification of Industrial Coating


Applicators (005404501)
i)

Company Procedure TEP-COAT-SAL Salt Testing and Mitigation Procedure (005872123)

j)

Company Form TEF-COAT-UG Below Ground Coating Report (003708480)

k) Company Specification TES-COAT-P1 Paint Systems for Above Ground Facilities (Non
Coastal) (003694704)
l)

Company Specification TES-COAT-P2 Paint Systems for Above Ground Facilities (Coastal)
(005881132)

m) Company Specification TES-COAT-PET Coating Application Procedure for Petrolatum


Coating (000007756)
n) Company Specification TES-COAT-HSS Heat Shrink Sleeve Installation Procedure
(003735848)
o) Company Specification TES-COAT-ABR External Liquid Coating Systems for Abrasive
Conditions (003764914)
p) TEP-COAT-QLF-PAR Application Qualification Process for Applicators Partech
(006210056)
q) TEP-COAT-QLF-RAE Application Qualification Process for Applicators RAE
Engineering (004122292)
r) TEP-COAT-QLF-CTR Application Qualification Process for Applicators Charter Coating
Service (006551441)

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DEFINITIONS
Term
Applicator
Cohesive Failure
Company

Contractor
DFT
Epoxy
Manufacturer
Multi-Component Liquid
Coating (MCL)

Nominal Thickness
Service Temperature
Sweating/Damp Pipe
(Substrate)

System 1A
System 2B
WFT

Definition of Term
The company which is applying the coating. Typically this is either
the Contractor or their Sub-contractor.
The separation of the homogeneous coating. Coating left on the
steel substrate and coating forced off during evaluation.
TransCanada PipeLines Limited, including its affiliates,
engineering agencies, inspectors and other authorized
representatives.
Those who have been contracted to prepare the surface and apply
the coatings covered in this Specification.
Dry film thickness, the thickness of the coating after it has
hardened to a solid state, as defined in SSPC PA2.
A two-component liquid epoxy or epoxy/urethane coating system.
Those who manufacture and supply the multi-component liquid
coating.
A coating material, consisting of two or more parts in a fluid state,
that when mixed together and applied to the substrate hardens to
form a solid coating. Usually formulated from epoxy or urethane
resins. Also referred to as two-component liquid epoxy or twopart epoxy coating.
The target thickness expected for the coating.
The maximum operating temperature that the coating will see
during its lifecycle
Any substrate to be coated or blasted is considered to be sweating
or damp if its temperature is less than 3 Celsius degrees (3C) (5
Fahrenheit degrees (5F)) above the dew point of the air
immediately adjacent to the surface.
Single layer fusion bond epoxy (FBE) corrosion coating.
Two layer fusion bond epoxy (FBE) coating with a corrosion
coating (System 1A) and an abrasion resistant overcoat.
Wet film thickness, the thickness of the coating film while in the
liquid state.

SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS

5.1.1

The Contractor shall maintain copies of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for all controlled
products and shall ensure his employees (sub-contractors or agents) are familiar with the
precautions of the MSDS regarding hazards, necessary personal protective equipment, first-aid
measures, and are trained in the handling and use of these products.

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5.1.2

Work gloves and safety glasses shall be worn when handling multi-component liquid coating.
Exposed skin can be protected by applying a barrier cream. Any coating which does contact the
skin should be removed immediately using a waterless hand cleaner and in accordance with the
manufactures recommendations. Any activator may be removed using soap and water. Ample
supplies shall be made available by the Contractor for this purpose.

5.1.3

Protection from inhalation is required. These products should only be used in well ventilated
areas and personnel should wear the appropriate respiratory protection.

5.1.4

During coating application, no open flames, smoking, grinding or welding shall be allowed in the
immediate vicinity.

5.1.5

Under no circumstances shall the multi-component liquid coating be removed by heating with an
open flame.

5.1.6

To prevent contamination of the contents, coating containers shall not be left open, and only
authorized persons shall handle the product.

5.1.7

Personal protective equipment (PPE) shall be used while abrasive blasting. This shall include
proper clothing, hearing protection, safety boots, gloves and ventilated blast hood (or face shield
with respirator) to protect the face and prevent inhalation of blasting dust. Blast hood or
respirators shall be fed with air that is pressure regulated, filtered and meets regulatory
requirements.

5.1.8

Blast cleaning equipment shall be fitted with a functional dead man remote control system. All
mechanical equipment, including blasting equipment, shall be earthed and all precautions taken to
prevent build up of static electricity. Blast hose couplings shall be secured with safety wire and
chokers.

REQUIREMENTS

6.1

General

6.1.1

All new below ground gas and liquid pipelines or rehabilitation projects and/or repairs shall be
protected against corrosion with an appropriate coating. The multi-component liquid coating
applied in accordance with this Specification and the manufacturer's specification satisfies the
above requirement.

6.1.2

The Contractor shall furnish all materials, labour, equipment, tools, instruments, and supervision,
incidental to and necessary for the removal of old existing coatings, if any, and the application
and inspection of the external coating in accordance with this Specification. All quality control
measurements and inspections shall be carried out and recorded by the Contractor or Company
personnel on Company Form TEF-COAT-UG. The Applicator will keep a copy of the Technical
Data Sheet for each coating used and follow all recommendations from the manufacturer. The
Company shall have the right to review the Applicators work and records at any time.

6.1.3

The Contractor shall be responsible for complying with all of the requirements of this
Specification.

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6.1.4

All below ground metallic components, including piping, valves, braces, supports, etc., with the
exception of those used for grounding, shall be coated according to this Specification and shall be
handled in such a manner so as to prevent them from being damaged. The coating of Mueller
tees, flanges and odd shaped items with a service temperature of less than 50C (122F) shall be
completed in accordance with TES-COAT-PET.

6.1.5

Prior to commencing surface preparation operations, the surface must be examined for the
presence of any deleterious materials, such as heavy corrosion or rust scale, existing elastomeric,
or rubber-like old coatings, or previously applied tape protective systems that will require
removal. If any such materials are present that cannot readily be removed by the blast cleaning
process, it will be necessary to conduct a pre-blast cleaning surface preparation. The pre-blasting
surface preparation may use any Company approved processes, such as solvent cleaning, use of
hand or power tools, water blast cleaning or hydro-jetting, or other removal methods that will
accomplish removal of the deleterious material prior to blast cleaning. After removal, the surface
should again be inspected to ensure that any deleterious material remaining may be readily
removed during the subsequent blast cleaning operations.

6.1.6

The Applicator shall ensure coating material is:


a) An approved material per this Specification.
b) Identified with the following:

manufactures name;

product description;

batch number;

date of manufacture;

location of manufacture; and

manufacturing identification number

c) Handled and stored in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations at all times.
d) Within the shelf life recommended by the manufacturer.
6.2

Coating of Valves, Fittings and Pipe

6.2.1

The coating material for valves, fittings and pipe shall be spray grade multi-component liquid
coating. Brush grade may be used on difficult areas, on short sections of pipe (less than 2 linear
metres (6.5 linear feet)), for repairs, for tie-ins, and for sweating pipe.

6.2.2

The crotch area; including the outlet portion; of all tees with a nominal run diameter greater than
NPS 16 and run diameter to outlet diameter ratio in excess of 0.6 shall not be coated until after
secondary hydrostatic testing has been completed to avoid cracking of the coating.

6.2.3

Valves shall be coated in an enclosure or indoors with no direct heat applied to the valve
assembly. The minimum surface temperature of 10C (50F) shall be maintained until 4 hours
after the coating is tack free.

6.2.4

Valves may not be post heated except by increasing ambient air temperature.

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6.2.5

Valves, fittings or pipe that is to extend above ground shall be coated to approximately 45 cm (18
in) above the grade level.

6.3

Coating of Girth Welds and Tie-In Welds

6.3.1

Coating material for girth welds and tie-in welds shall be brush grade and shall be applied
according to Section 9 of this Specification. The use of spray grade coating material for girth
welds and tie-in welds may be permitted as per Section 8 of this Specification, but must be
approved by the Company prior to use.

6.4

Coating of Tie-Ins

6.4.1

The following coatings and Specifications shall be used when tying in multi-component liquid
coating with existing coatings for new construction or tie-ins for non-flowing pipelines:

Existing Coating
Multi-component Liquid
Coatings
Fusion Bond Epoxy
Extruded Polyethylene
Coal Tar, Asphalt, Tape

6.4.2

Tie-in Coating

Specification

Multi-component Liquid Coatings

TES-COAT-EPU

Multi-component Liquid Coatings


Shrink Sleeves
Petrolatum Coating and Fibreglass
Outer Wrap or Mouldable Sealant with
Bonded Polyethylene Outer Wrap

TES-COAT-EPU
TES-COAT-HSS
TES-COAT-EPU
(Appendix 2)

The following coatings and Specifications shall be used when tying in multi-component liquid
coatings with existing coatings on flowing pipelines:

Existing Coating
Multi-component Liquid
Coatings
Fusion Bond Epoxy

Tie-in Coating
Multi-component Liquid Coatings

Specification
TES-COAT-EPU

Multi-component Liquid Coatings


TES-COAT-EPU
Petrolatum Coating and Fibreglass Outer
TES-COAT-EPU
Extruded Polyethylene
Wrap or Mouldable Sealant with
(Appendix 2)
Bonded Polyethylene Outer Wrap
Petrolatum Coating and Fibreglass Outer
TES-COAT-EPU
Coal Tar, Asphalt, Tape
Wrap or Mouldable Sealant with
(Appendix 2)
Bonded Polyethylene Outer Wrap
6.4.3 Multi-component liquid coating material for tie-ins shall be brush grade and shall be applied
according to Section 9 of this Specification.
6.4.4

Any disbonded coating or tape shall be removed until well adhered coating is found.

6.4.5

The recoating should take place in accordance with the following requirements:
a) Any damaged FBE/Coal Tar/Asphalt/Tape coated area shall be completely removed by
scraping and/or grit blasting.

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b) The existing FBE/multi-component liquid coating shall be either sweep-blasted or roughened


by cross-hatch sanding with 60 - 80 grit sandpaper for a distance of 4 - 10 cm (2 - 4 in) to
ensure intercoat adhesion. The existing coating shall then be wiped with a clean, dry rag to
remove any dust or residual blast products. The multi-component liquid coating shall be
coated up to and onto the existing coating according to this Specification.
c) For tying into Coal Tar/Asphalt/Tape/External Polyethylene coatings, a clean edge shall be
prepared and the new coating shall abut that clean edge. Refer to Appendix 2 for additional
requirements to ensure the integrity of the transition edge.
6.5

Coating of Structural Steel

6.5.1

The coating material for structural steel to be buried, such as below ground pipe supports, shall be
spray or brush grade and shall be applied according to Section 8 or 9 of this Specification. Piles
do not require coating. Holiday testing of structural steel is not required.

6.6

Backfilling

6.6.1

Mechanical stress, including backfill, shall not be applied to the coating until it has reached the
degree of cure as specified in Section 15.6.

6.7

Risers and Transition Areas

6.7.1

Pipe risers and transition areas shall be coated with spray or brush grade multi-component liquid
coating and shall be applied in accordance with Section 8 or 9 of this Specification. The coating
system shall extend approximately 45 cm (18 in) above the grade level.

6.7.2

The top coat of the above ground coating must continue approximately 45 cm (18 in) below grade
and be applied in accordance with Company Specification TES-COAT-P1.

6.8

Steel Reinforcement Sleeves and Piping through Clamps, Braces and Supports

6.8.1

When coated pipe passes through a clamp, brace, support, etc., an outer wrap of petrolatum and
fibreglass outer wrap shall be applied as per Appendix 2 of this Specification. Steel
reinforcement sleeves shall be coated with spray or brush grade multi-component liquid coating
and shall be applied in accordance with Section 8 or 9 of this Specification and the end transitions
to line pipe shall be overcoated according to Appendix 2.

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SPRAY GRADE COATING APPLICATION

7.1

General

7.1.1

The Contractor shall provide at least one NACE certified CIP Level I or Company approved
alternatively trained employee. This employee need not necessarily perform inspection but may
be the painter, foreman or management. They shall have an excellent knowledge of the
application procedures generally used for high performance coatings. They should know the
characteristics of plural component airless spray, and shall be familiar with the procedures used to
apply coatings properly with such equipment.

7.2

Qualification

7.2.1

The Applicator shall have current one of the following certifications:


a) The Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC) QP1 or QP3 as applicable; or
b) ISO 9001 Quality Management Standard.

7.2.2

In the absence of the above programs, the Applicator shall submit for acceptance a quality
program or inspection and test plan (ITP) for the supply and application of coatings to the
Company.

7.2.3

The Applicator shall use coating personnel that have been pre-qualified by the manufacturer. Requalification of personnel by the manufacturer shall be once every year. Only those Contractors
or sub-contractors who hold current approval by the Company shall spray apply multi-component
liquid coating systems covered by this Specification. Approval of Applicators by the Company
shall be as per Company Procedure TEP-COAT-TQ. It is the Contractors responsibility to
ensure that all employees or sub-contractors are manufacturer qualified and Company approved
before bidding on Company work.

7.2.4

The Applicator must submit test panels of the multi-component liquid coating to be applied (i.e.
SPC 2888). These panels must pass testing before the Applicator may apply the coating. Refer
to Section 10 for the panel requirements and tests to be conducted. Only one set of test panels are
required, even if the Applicator has several spray units. If the Applicator has any rented
equipment, individual test panels from each unit must be submitted and qualification shall only be
granted for the duration of the rental.

7.3

Coating Material

7.3.1

General Application

7.3.1.1 The Company approved spray applied multi-component liquid coatings to be used shall be:

Denso North America Denso Protal 7250 (Canada) / Denso Protal 7200 (U.S.)

3M Scotchkote 327

Specialty Polymer Coating SP-2888RG Epoxy/Urethane

Specialty Polymer Coating SP-3888 Epoxy

Specialty Polymer Coating SP-6888 Epoxy

Specialty Polymer Coating SP-7888 Epoxy

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7.3.1.2 The materials listed in Section 8.3.1.1 can be used for new construction and maintenance
activities for pipe and associated structures where a substrate temperature above 10C (50F) and
3C (5F) above the dew point can be maintained. This warm and dry condition may be achieved
and maintained by pre-heating as per Section 12.2. No alternative materials are acceptable.
7.3.2

Low Temperature Application

7.3.2.1 The Company approved spray applied multi-component liquid coatings to be used shall be:

3M Scotchkote 352 applied from -9C (15F) to 10C (50F) and has a maximum service
temperature of 35C (95F). The minimum and maximum DFT is 1,016 1,270 m (40
50 mils) and the nominal thickness is 1,067 m (42 mils).

7.3.2.2 The materials listed in Section 8.3.2.1 can be used for maintenance activities only and where the
substrate temperature cannot be raised above 10C (50F) but the substrate is >3C (5F) above
the dew point temperature.
8

BRUSH GRADE COATING APPLICATION

8.1

Contractor Qualification for Brush Grade Coating Application

8.1.1

The Contractor shall use coating personnel that have been pre-qualified by the Manufacturer. It is
the Contractors responsibility to ensure that employees or sub-contractors are manufacturer
qualified before bidding on Company work. Re-qualification of personnel shall be once per 12
month period.

8.1.2

The Contractor shall provide at least one NACE certified CIP Level I or Company approved
alternatively trained employee. This employee need not necessarily perform inspection but may
be the painter, foreman or management. They shall have an excellent knowledge of the
application procedures generally used for high performance coatings. They shall be familiar with
the procedures used to apply coatings properly by hand.

8.1.3

Training in the application of coating material in accordance with this Specification can be
provided by the Company and is recommended. The Company may complete random site audits
or visits and review coating inspection reports during the coating application process.

8.1.4

For each project, the Contractor must submit test panels of the material to be applied (e.g. SPC
2888). These panels must pass testing before the Contractor may apply the coating. For major
projects, if the Contractor has a number of coating spreads, a test sample from each spread must
be submitted for testing. If there are time constraints, the panels may be submitted from the first
day of production; however, should the panels fail testing, remedial action, such as, stripping and
recoating and/or destructive testing may be required. Refer to Section 10 for the panel
requirements and tests to be conducted.

8.1.5

If the Contractor has submitted panels for a previous project and/or has worked on any Company
project, within the last 12 month period, with no issues, additional testing is not required as long
as the coating manufacturers certification is valid and the Contractor uses the same coating and
abrasive materials that were used for qualification. In this case, re-qualification of the personnel
shall be once per 24 month period.

8.1.6

The Contractor shall submit for acceptance a quality program or inspection and test plan (ITP) for
the supply and application of coatings to this Specification.

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8.2

Qualification of Company Personnel for Coating Application

8.2.1

In certain instances, such as pipe integrity digs, out of class engineering digs, repair and
maintenance work, etc., brush application by Company personnel may be required. All Company
personnel that apply coating material must be pre-qualified by the coating manufacturer. Only
those Company personnel who hold current certifications from the manufacturer shall brush apply
multi-component liquid coating systems covered by this Specification. In addition to the
manufacturers training, all quality control measurements and inspections shall be carried out and
recorded on Company Form TEF-COAT-UG. A NACE certified CIP Level I or Company
approved alternatively trained employee is recommended to witness the coating application. Requalification of Company personnel once every calendar year is not required if the Company
employee has applied coating material since qualification by the manufacturer. All Company
personnel holding current manufacturer certifications will be expected to complete a
manufacturers training session every 3 years.

8.3

Coating Material

8.3.1

General Application

8.3.1.1 The Company approved brush applied multi-component liquid coatings to be used shall be:

Denso North America Denso Protal 7200

3M Scotchkote 327

Specialty Polymer Coating SP-2888RG Epoxy/Urethane

Specialty Polymer Coating SP-3888 Epoxy

Specialty Polymer Coating SP-6888 Epoxy

8.3.1.2 The materials listed in Section 9.3.1.1 can be used for new construction and maintenance
activities for pipe and associated structures where a substrate temperature above 10C (50F) and
3C (5F) above the dew point can be maintained. This warm and dry condition may be achieved
and maintained by pre-heating as per Section 12.2. No alternative materials are acceptable.
8.3.2

Low Temperature Application

8.3.2.1 The Company approved brush applied multi-component liquid coatings to be used shall be:

3M Scotchkote 352 applied from -9C (15F) to 10C (50F) for a maximum service
temperature of 35C (95F). The minimum and maximum DFT is 1,016 1,270 m (40
50 mils) and the nominal thickness is 1,067 m (42 mils).

Denso 7125 applied from -20C (-4F) to 10C (50F) for a maximum service temperature of
35C (95F). The minimum and maximum DFT is 760 - 1,016 m (30 - 40 mils) and the
nominal thickness is 813 m (32 mils).

8.3.2.2 The materials listed in Section 9.3.2.1 can be used for maintenance activities only (where the pipe
is flowing) and where the substrate temperature cannot be raised above 10C (50F) but the
substrate is >3C (5F) above the dew point temperature.
8.3.3

Sweating Pipe Application

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8.3.3.1 The Company approved brush applied multi-component liquid coatings to be used shall be:

Specialty Polymer Coating SP-4888 for a maximum service temperature of 65C (150F).

8.3.3.2 The materials listed on Section 9.3.3.3.1 can be used for maintenance activities only and where a
coating repair must be made on pipe that is flowing and, as a result, is sweating (i.e. the pipe
temperature is <3C (5F) above the dew point temperature) or damp. This material may be hand
applied onto properly prepared wet pipe and may be applied on pipe which cannot have flow
stopped and the pipe is actively sweating down to 10C (50F). No alternative materials are
acceptable.
8.3.3.3 Special instructions on the manufacturers product Technical Data Sheets must be followed. The
material may be applied to pipe that exceeds 2 metres (6.5 feet) in length.
9

QUALIFICATION LABORATORY TESTING

9.1.1

The Applicator must submit test panels of the material and grade to be applied to one of the
Companys designated laboratories. The designated laboratory shall test the panels as indicated
in the table below. These panels must pass testing before the Applicator may apply the coating.
Approval is limited to the material/grade tested. If there are time constraints, the panels may be
submitted from the first day of production; however, should the panels fail testing, remedial
action, such as, stripping and recoating and/or destructive testing may be required. For shipping
instructions and additional sample preparation guidelines refer to TEP-COAT-QLF-RAE
Application Qualification Process for Applicators RAE Engineering, TEP-COAT-QLF-CTR
Application Qualification Process for Applicators Charter Coating Service and TEP-COATQLF-PAR Application Qualification Process for Applicators Partech.

Test Temperature and


Number of Samples
Duration*
3 samples
24 hour 65C -3.5V
100 mm x 100 mm (4 in x 4 in)
Cathodic Disbondment
3 samples
48 hour 65C -1.5V
100 mm x 100 mm (4 in x 4 in)
Cathodic Disbondment
3 samples
48 hour 80C -1.5V
100 mm x 100 mm (4 in x 4 in)
Cathodic Disbondment
3 samples
24 hour 95C
100 mm x 100 mm (4 in x 4 in)
Hot Water Adhesion
3 samples
48 hour 75C
100 mm x 100 mm (4 in x 4 in)
Hot Water Adhesion
3 samples
48 hour 80C
100 mm x 100 mm (4 in x 4 in)
Hot Water Adhesion
* Tests to be conducted in accordance with CSA Z245.20.

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Acceptance Criteria
Average of 3 samples,
4 mm
Average of 3 samples,
5 mm
Average of 3 samples,
5 mm
Rating of 1-2 on each sample
Rating of 1-2 on each sample
Rating of 1-2 on each sample

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10

SURFACE PREPARATION

10.1.1 Surfaces to be blast cleaned shall be free of oil, grease, injurious contamination, slivers, mud,
soils, rough welds, burrs, weld spatter, etc. Prior to blast cleaning, the Contractor shall carefully
examine the bare pipe for oil and grease. Any oil, grease or magnetic particle inspection products
or ultrasonic couplant shall be removed in accordance with SSPC-SP-1 using acetone, xylene or
MEK and the pipe shall be heated to remove any moisture. The pipes surface temperature shall
be at least 3C (5F) above the dew point temperature from blast cleaning until the coating is
cured, but shall not exceed 150C (302F). For X80, X100 or strain based design pipe (SBD), the
pre-heat temperature is lower. Please contact the Company for the maximum pre-heat
temperature for X80, X100 or SBD pipe.
10.1.2 The edge of weld bevels and internal surfaces shall be protected during blast cleaning and coating
application. The blast media and coating material shall be prevented from entering the valves,
fittings and pipe. No amount of blast media in a valve, fitting or pipe shall be acceptable.
10.1.3 Edges of the existing coating shall be roughened by power sanding or by sweep blasting the
coating for a minimum distance of 5 cm (2 in). All roughened coating shall be coated.
10.1.4 The exterior metal surface shall be abrasive blast-cleaned to a near white finish SSPC-SP-10
(NACE # 2 or Sa 2 per ISO 8501-1:2007 = SIS 055900) or better.
10.1.5 Material for abrasive cleaning shall be the appropriate blend of grit to produce an angular surface
profile of 64m (2.5 mils) minimum to 114m (4.5 mils) maximum. Target Green Diamond,
Target Black Magic, Starblast XL, Black Beauty, Barshot, Black Lightning or a Company
approved equivalent shall be used. Copper bearing abrasives shall not be used. The abrasive
shall be tested for soluble salts and oil contamination per Appendix 3 at the start of each shift.
10.1.6 The Contractor shall have available on site colour prints of Swedish Pictorial Surface Preparation
Standard Sa 2 or the SSPC-VIS 1 Visual Standard for Abrasive Blast Cleaned Steel.
10.1.7 For girth welds, the surface profile of the blast cleaned girth weld area shall be measured on the
first weld and on at least every tenth weld using replica tape and a spring micrometer. For tie-in
welds, the surface profile of the blast cleaned area shall be measured on every tie-in weld. The
profile depth for girth welds and tie-in welds shall be 64m (2.5 mils) minimum to 114m (4.5
mils) maximum.
10.1.8 Metal areas that develop flash rust due to exposure to rain, moisture or humidity shall be given a
sweep blast to return them to their original clean blasted condition. The surface to be blasted
shall be recoated immediately. A sweep blast shall be carried out when a blasted surface is left
overnight.
10.1.9 The compressed air supply used for blast cleaning shall be free of water and oil. Separators and
filters shall be used on the compressed air supply to ensure that contaminants such as oil and
water are not deposited on the steel surface. After cooler dryers are recommended and may be
required at the Companys discretion. A blotter test shall be performed at the start of every
working day to verify the cleanliness of compressed air used for abrasive blasting or conventional
spraying.

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10.1.10 Residual blast products shall be removed from all blasted surfaces using a clean dry bristle brush;
vacuum or clean dry compressed air. Embedded abrasive level shall not exceed 0.03% of the
surface area. It shall be verified using Figure 1 Visual Comparator for 0.03% Embedded
Abrasives.
10.1.11 Tests, as described in Section 13.1.18, shall be conducted by the Contractor to verify that the
surface does not contain detrimental levels of non-visible soluble salt contamination. If salt
contamination levels exceed the acceptance limits the salt shall be removed.
11

COATING APPLICATION

11.1

General

11.1.1 Surfaces to be coated shall be prepared in accordance with Section 11 and shall be free of
moisture, oil and grease and any other deleterious contaminants prior to the application of the
coating.
11.2

Preheating

11.2.1 Preheating is to be used in conjunction with Sections 8.3.1 and 9.3.1 to provide a suitable
temperature for abrasive blasting, coating and curing. Preheating does not apply for Sections
8.3.2, 9.3.2 or 9.3.3, application of low temperature curing or moisture tolerant coatings; where a
line is flowing.
11.2.2 The surface temperature of the substrate must be maintained in the range recommended in this
Specification from abrasive blasting through coating cure. If that range will not be available from
ambient conditions, preheating shall be used. Preheating may also be used to accelerate cure
when there are time or weather constraints. Any preheating or accelerated curing other than what
is outlined in this Section must be approved by the Company.
11.2.3 The pipe surface temperature, at every point where coating will be applied, shall not be less than
10C (50F). The pipe surface temperature must be a minimum of 3C (5F) above the dew point
temperature from abrasive blasting through coating cure. Caution should be used in sub-zero
temperatures to ensure that all snow and ice have been removed from the substrate prior to
blasting. This is typically accomplished through the use of a direct flame prior to abrasive
blasting. The dew point and pipe surface temperature shall be determined at the start of daily
coating application and at least once every four hours during coating. The dew point shall be
determined by the Contractor and/or the coating inspector using a sling psychrometer and
psychrometric charts or Company approved suitably calibrated electronic hygrometer (digital
psychrometer /dew point meter).
11.2.4 For girth weld coating, if the pipe surface temperature is below 10C (50F), the surface shall be
preheated. Induction heating coils, infrared or indirect heat shall be used to preheat the surface
prior to coating. Preheating shall raise the surface temperature so that coating application takes
place when the pipe surface is at or above the minimum temperature as specified in this Section.
Direct flame may not be applied to the pipe after blast cleaning. If heating is required after blast
cleaning and up until a full cure is achieved, to either maintain the surface above 10C (50F) or
accelerate cure, induction heating coils, infrared or indirect heat may be used.

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11.2.5 For tie-in weld coating, if the pipe surface temperature is below 10C (50F), the surface shall be
preheated prior to coating. Induction heating coils, infrared or indirect heat shall be used to
preheat the surface prior to coating. However, should the use of induction heating coils, infrared
or indirect heat be deemed unfeasible by the Company Representative, preheating may be
accomplished using a direct flame. The direct flame shall not contaminate the pipe surface. All
propane tanks shall be vapour type with a Company approved in line filter, such as a Balston 200
series compressed air and Balston sterile air filter Model #C2002N-1B1-DX, Element #10012DXE, Capacity 0.6L manufactured by Parker Hannifin, distributed by Drexan Corporation,
Edmonton, AB. The in line filters shall be blown down at noon and at the end of each shift to
ensure the filters do not freeze. The surface shall be prepared in accordance with Section 11.
Preheating shall raise the surface temperature so that coating application takes place when the
pipe surface is at or above the minimum temperature as specified in this Section. Where direct
flame is applied, the surface shall be subsequently abrasive blast cleaned according to Section 11.
11.2.6 The pipe surface temperature shall be measured by the Contractor using a surface contact
thermometer, or other device approved by the Company. Tempil sticks shall not be used. An
infrared (IR) thermometer may be used if the surface has not been blast cleaned.
11.2.7 To ensure cure, the preheat temperature for the coating application shall be as per the
manufacturers recommendations.
11.2.8 Preheating shall not damage the mainline coating or the coating being repaired, or raise the
temperature of the pipe above 150C (302F).
11.3

Application

11.3.1 The coating shall be applied immediately after preheating has been completed. No solvents are to
be added to the multi-component liquid coating system. The acceptable substrate temperature
range for coating application is 10C (50F) to 100C (212F). The substrate temperature must
be a minimum of 3C (5F) above the dew point temperature before proceeding with the coating
application.
11.3.2 Brush Grade: The coating is a two component system (activator and base) and shall be mixed
and applied in accordance with the manufacturers recommended practice.
11.3.3 Spray Grade: The coating shall be airless spray applied in a multi-pass to build to the required
thickness using a Hydra-Cat (or Company approved equal) and all necessary ancillary equipment
in accordance with the manufacturers recommended practice.
11.3.4 When coating corroded steel, brushes shall be used to work spray applied coating material into
corrosion crevices and pits.
11.3.5 During the coating application, the wet film thickness (WFT) of the applied coating is to be
measured by the Contractor using a wet film gauge and shall be brushed out. Wet film
measurements are to be made on every joint, elbow, tee etc. being coated. If low areas are
detected, additional coating shall be applied before tack-free condition occurs.
11.3.6 The coating shall overlap existing coating by a minimum distance of 5 cm (2 in). Feathered and
roughened areas of existing coating shall be completely covered by the overlap.
11.3.7 The finished coating shall be generally smooth and free of application defects such as, pinholes,
fish eyes, sags, etc.
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11.3.8 After the coating has cured to a tack-free condition, the Contractor shall measure the DFT of each
valve, fitting and pipe section, etc. at random in a minimum of five areas (see Section 13.1.5).
11.3.9 The DFT of cured coating shall fall in the range of: 508 889m (20 35 mils) with a nominal
thickness of 559 m (22 mils) or as listed in Sections 8.3.2.1 and 9.3.2.1. For difficult sections
(flanges, crotch areas of tees, weld caps, weld bead, etc.) a maximum DFT of 1,270 m (50 mils)
will be allowed. Overcoating of pinhole and holiday repairs shall not exceed a total DFT of 1,270
m (50 mils) for a 152 mm (6 in) radius around the holiday. All DFT measurements shall be
witnessed by the inspector or his designated representative.
11.3.10 When coating girth welds and tie-in welds intended for abrasion resistant service the DFT shall
not be less than a minimum of 1,016 m (40 mils) and shall not exceed a maximum of 1,778 m
(70 mils). Pipe intended for this service cannot be cold bent in the field more than 1 per pipe
diameter due to the higher DFT, but can be used in horizontal directional drills, road bores, etc.
For pipe bends greater than 1 per pipe diameter, approval from the Company must be granted
prior to bending.
11.3.11 Neither handling nor backfilling shall be permitted until the coating has cured, as determined by
the Inspector. Cure may be accelerated by post heating. Post heating may only be performed by
an indirect method (induction, ambient temperature or infrared). Direct flame may only be used
for tie-in welds, but care should be taken to ensure the coating is not charred or burned. The
flame may not touch the coating and a constant sweeping motion shall be used. The post heat
temperature of the coating surface should not exceed 65C (149F) as measured by infrared noncontact pyrometer.
12

INSPECTION

12.1.1 The Applicators inspector shall be on site during the surface preparation and coating application.
12.1.2 All quality control measurements and inspections shall be carried out and recorded by the
Contractor or Company personnel on Company Form TEF-COAT-UG or a Company approved
equivalent.
12.1.3 All aspects of surface preparation shall be checked as detailed in Section 11.
12.1.4 The finished coating shall be generally smooth and free of application defects such as pinholes,
fish eyes, sags, etc. and holidays. Finished coated surfaces shall have the required minimum dry
film thickness as per Section 12.3.9 or 12.3.10. In general, the surface of the coating shall be no
rougher than the base or substrate material. Excessive drips, running, sagging or other
discontinuities shall be cause for rejection.
12.1.5 The DFT shall be measured with a Microtest, Elcometer 345 or Positector 6000 thickness
gauge or Company approved equal. The gauge shall be calibrated at least once per shift to a
National Bureau of Standards (NIST) Certified Coating Thickness Standard, or gauge
manufacturer supplied shims, that measure within 20% of the minimum required DFT.

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DFT Measurements Required


Object
Pipe

Size
Every 20 linear metres (65 feet)

Fittings
Pipe Sections

Each, less than 20 linear metres


(65 feet)
Each, less than 20 linear metres
(65 feet)

Girth Welds and Tie-In Welds

Each

Valves

Each

Minimum Number of Readings


Five (5) randomly spaced along
and around the pipe
Five (5) randomly spaced along
and around the fitting
Five (5) randomly spaced along
and around the pipe section
Five (5) randomly spaced along
and around the girth weld or tie-in
weld
Five (5) randomly spaced along
and around the valve

12.1.6 The following criteria shall be used when DFT readings are outside of the range specified in
Section 10.3.9:
a) If 1 out of 5 of the DFT readings is outside of the range specified, further testing is to be
performed. The Company, at their discretion, may have their coating inspector mark with a
felt pen a 30 cm x 30 cm (12 in x 12 in) area of their choice on the pipe. The inspector will
take twenty (20) random DFT measurements within the marked area. No individual reading
shall be less than 80% of the minimum. If 10% of the readings are outside of the range
specified, the coating on the entire section of coated pipe, valve, flange, brace, support, etc.
shall be removed and recoated.
b) If the coating thickness is below the specified DFT any additional coating may only be
applied within the manufacturers recoat window. Deviations from this may only be allowed
with the written acceptance of the Company.
c) If the coating thickness is greater than the specified DFT, the coating shall not be abraded to
reduce the thickness to reach the specified thickness; the coating shall be removed and
recoated.
12.1.7 For difficult areas, as mentioned in Section 12.3.9, and for coating repairs of 152 mm (6 inch) or
less in radius for holidays and pinholes, a maximum dry film thickness of 1,270 m (50 mils) will
be allowed. Any coating applied in these areas with a DFT between 508 1,270 m (20 50
mils) is acceptable. Note that when the DFT is greater than 1,270 m (50 mils), the coating shall
not be abraded to reduce the thickness to reach the specified thickness, the coating shall be
removed and recoated.
12.1.8 For girth welds and tie-in welds, the coating shall be checked with a holiday detector set at least 4
V/m (100 V/mil) of the minimum coating thickness of 508 m (20 mils). This equates to a
voltage setting of 2,032 V minimum for girth welds and tie-in welds and shall not exceed 5,000
V.

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12.1.9 For abrasion resistant service (refer to Section 12.3.10) and low application temperature (refer to
Section 8.3.2 or 9.3.2), each girth weld and tie-in weld shall be tested for coating integrity using a
holiday detector set at least 4 V/m (100 V/mil) of the minimum coating thickness of 1,016 m
(40 mils). This equates to a holiday detector operating at 4,064 V DC minimum and shall not
exceed 5,000 V DC. Note that there is one exception for the low temperature application. If the
Denso 7125 material is to be used, each girth weld and tie-in weld shall be tested for coating
integrity using a holiday detector operating a 3,040 V DC minimum and shall not exceed 5,000
V.
12.1.10 For all other applications, such as the existing fusion bond epoxy (FBE) mainline coating and/or
shop applied multi-component liquid coating, the coating shall be checked with a holiday detector
set at least 5 V/m (125 volts/mil) of the nominal DFT and shall not exceed 5,000 V DC. For
example, the holiday detection of existing FBE (System 1A) corrosion coating, the holiday
detector shall be operating at 2,030 V minim which is based on 5 V/m (125 V/mil) and a
nominal coating thickness of 406 m (16 mils) and shall not exceed 5,000 V. For FBE corrosion
coating and FBE abrasion coating (System 2B), the holiday detection voltage to be used shall be
4,320 V minimum and shall not exceed 5,000 V.
12.1.11 Any repairs completed in Section 14 must be followed up with holiday inspection. Based on the
repairs completed, the holiday detection will be as specified in Section 13.1.8, 13.1.9 or 13.1.10.
12.1.12 Holiday detection shall be carried out in accordance with NACE SP0490, but voltages shall be set
as described in this Specification. A spring encirclement or half moon type holiday detector shall
be used for pipe. A brass brush shall be used to reach the bottom of corrosion pits. Holiday
detectors shall be calibrated at the start of the working day and at least every four (4) hours or as
specified by the Company. Calibration certifications for the holiday detection equipment should
be kept with the equipment. At the discretion of the Company the applicator shall make an
intentional holiday in the coating to bare steel and verify that the holiday is detected at the
appropriate voltage for the coating application. If the voltage is not adequate, the Applicator shall
increase the voltage until the intentional holiday is detected, but the voltage may not exceed
5,000V. The voltage shall be measured using a suitable voltmeter, connected between the search
electrode (spring) and the steel pipe.
12.1.13 The coating surface shall be dry and free of deposits such as soil, ice or snow when holiday
testing is conducted. Dirt or marks on the coating surface, having no measurable thickness, are
allowed when holiday testing.
12.1.14 A low voltage (60 - 70 V) wet sponge holiday detector may be used on nuts and bolts and areas
difficult to access. Care should be taken not to damage adjacent coating with a lower DFT.
12.1.15 Inspection with a holiday detector shall not be attempted until the coating is hard dry (hard dry as
determined when the coating does not indent when pressed with a thumbnail).
12.1.16 Coating shall be tested for adhesion and cure as per Section 15.
12.1.17 The abrasive shall be tested for soluble salts and oil contamination, per Appendix 3, at the start of
each shift.
12.1.18 Testing shall be conducted to verify that blast cleaned surfaces do not contain detrimental levels
of soluble salt contamination. Testing shall be done in accordance with the methods outlined in
Appendix 4.

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13

COATING REPAIRS

13.1

Repair Materials

13.1.1 Defects in multi-component liquid coatings shall be repaired with multi-component liquid coating
materials as specified in Section 8.3 or 9.3. In general, the material used for repairs shall be the
same material as the parent coating that is being repaired. Where applicable, a brush grade
material may be used to repair a spray grade parent coating.
13.1.2 Fusion bond epoxy corrosion coating (System 1A) and FBE corrosion coating and FBE abrasion
coating (System 2B) shall be repaired with a suitable multi-component liquid material selected
from the materials listed in Section 8.3 or 9.3. The System 1A and 2B coatings shall be visually
examined in the field and any damage found, such as scratches, scrapes, gouges, etc. shall be
repaired.
13.2

Surface Preparation for Coating Repairs

13.2.1 Small repairs: For repairs up to 2 mm (1/16 inch) in diameter, roughen the surface of the parent
coating, to remove gloss, around the holiday for at least 25 mm (1 inch). Use 80 - 120 grit
sandpaper or light sweep blasting.
13.2.2 Medium sized repairs: Surfaces of repair areas up to 25 cm2 (4 in2) in size, shall be prepared by
abrasive blasting, as specified in Section 11, or by power tool cleaning in accordance with SSPCSP 11 to remove dirt, scale, rust, damaged coating and any other foreign material to a bare metal
condition and retain or produce the surface profile required by Section 11.
13.2.3 Large repairs: Surfaces of repair areas exceeding 25 cm2 (4 in2) shall be repaired by abrasive blast
cleaning as specified in Section 11.
13.2.4 The adjacent parent coating and any holidays or damaged coating adjacent to the cutback area
shall be roughened for at least 25 mm (1 inch) around the repair and the edges shall be feathered.
13.2.5 After abrading, all dust shall be removed from the prepared areas using compressed air, a clean,
dry bristle brush, a clean dry cloth or removed in accordance with SSPC-SP-1 using acetone,
xylene or MEK.
13.3

Preheating

13.3.1 When the surface temperature is below the minimum required by Section 12.2 of this
Specification, the surface to be recoated shall be preheated as required and in accordance with
Section 12.2.
13.3.2 Appendix 5 contains a recommended procedure for preheating and post heating with a hot air gun
to accelerate the cure of small and medium sized repairs.

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13.4

Low DFT areas

13.4.1 Coating DFTs are specified in Section 12.3.9 or 12.3.10. Areas of low DFT (less than specified)
shall be rectified by applying an additional coat, before the maximum recoat interval has elapsed,
so that the total thickness meets the specified requirements. If the coating has passed its
maximum recoat interval, the areas of low DFT must be stripped and recoated. If the sum total of
the areas to be overcoated is less than 1 m2 (1550 in2) in extent per item coated, the applicator has
the option of sweep blasting and overcoating in accordance with Section 14.5.
13.5

Overcoating Existing Coatings

13.5.1 If epoxies are overcoated there is a risk that the top coat will delaminate if the surface is not
adequately prepared. The contaminants responsible for inter-coat delamination failures may not
be visible and are difficult to detect. Epoxies will develop amine blush during curing if they are
exposed to water (i.e. rain, etc.), cool and/or humid conditions or if exposed to ambient air
containing high levels of carbon dioxide. Light sweep blasting may not be adequate to prepare
surfaces that have developed amine blush or that have been contaminated with oil and grease.
13.5.2 Sweep blasting and overcoating is acceptable only if the following procedure is followed.
13.5.3 Written inspection records show that the area to be overcoated has not been exposed to water and
that the surface temperature and humidity were controlled to prevent amine blush developing on
the surface during curing.
13.5.4 The surface to be overcoated shall be inspected to confirm that it is not contaminated with amine
blush, oil, grease, etc. Amine blush may be detected using a suitable test kit or pH indicator
paper. If amine blush or other contamination is suspected or detected, the contaminated areas
may not be over-coated, but must be stripped and recoated.
13.5.5 The surface to be overcoated shall be roughened by sweep blasting.
13.5.6 The previously coated surface shall be dry, free from moisture, dust or foreign matter at the time
the multi-component liquid coating is applied.
13.5.7 When the surface temperature is below the minimum required by Section 12.2 of this
Specification, the surface to be recoated shall be preheated in accordance with Section 12.2.
13.5.8 The surface preparation between coats and the overcoat application shall be inspected by the
applicators inspector, and the inspection shall be documented.
13.5.9 This is not applicable to steel reinforcement sleeves and piping through clamps, braces, supports,
etc.
13.6

Stripping of Defective Coating

13.6.1 Coated areas in which the multi-component liquid coating has not cured properly or is defective
shall be stripped and recoated in accordance with the requirements below.
13.6.2 Defective coating shall be completely removed by suitable methods such as scraping, grit blasting
and/or solvent wiping.
13.6.3 The surface shall be completely clean, dry and free from defective coating, moisture and foreign
matter while recoating.
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13.6.4 Edges of adjacent cured coating shall be feathered and all dust produced by the cleaning and
feathering shall be wiped off with a xylene soaked cloth before patching commences.
13.6.5 The surface shall then be prepared and coating applied in accordance with Sections 11 and 12.
13.7

Application of Repair Coatings

13.7.1 The spray or brush grade multi-component liquid coating repair material shall be mixed and
applied to the area to be repaired as required by Section 12. The coating repair material shall
cover the defect area and shall overlap the parent coating a minimum of 25 mm (1 inch). The
DFT of the repair area shall be as required by Section 12.3.9 or 12.3.10.
14
14.1

ADHESION AND CURE TESTS


Adhesion Test Using X-cut

14.1.1 The coating inspector shall conduct this test (refer to Section 15.3) on girth welds, tie-in welds,
pipe or pipe assemblies (whenever possible) and/or on test panels (refer to Section 15.2). A
minimum of two (2) samples are required per shift (max. 10 hr) when the tests are conducted on
girth welds, tie-in welds, pipe or pipe assemblies. The curing test shall be done when the coating
has completely cured as determined by the Applicators coating inspector. The coating inspector
shall complete training on how to complete this test and how to interpret the results.
14.2

Test Panels

14.2.1 Prepare samples by grit blasting mild steel panels (approximately 100 mm x 100 mm x 6.4mm
(4 in x 4 in x 1/4 in) size) to near white finish.
14.2.2 During production, apply the coating onto the test samples according to the application that is
being tested (i.e. spray or brush). A minimum of two (2) samples are required per shift (max. 10
hr). The first sample shall be prepared within the first thirty (30) minutes of the production run
and the second sample shall be prepared within the last thirty (30) minutes of the production run.

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14.3

Test Procedure

14.3.1 After the coating has cured, conduct a "X-cut test using the following procedures:
a) Using a utility knife as stated below, make 13 mm (0.5 in) (approximately) long scribes
through to the metal surface to form an X with an angle of approximately 30 at the
intersection point.
b) Starting at the point of intersection, force the coating from the steel substrate using a sharp
pointed knife. Care should be taken to protect the eyes and hands when carrying out this
operation.
14.3.2 The utility knife shall have a length, without the blade, of 135 20 mm (5 1/16 inch) and a
one-piece metal blade having dimensions as shown in the following sketch and an exposed
cutting edge of 25mm 6 mm (1 1/4 inch).
25mm 6 mm (1 1/4 inch), thickness = 0.65 010 mm (26 4mil)

19 3mm (3/4 1/8 inch) tall


56 6 mm (2 1/4 1/4 inch)
14.4

Rating

14.4.1 Refusal of the coating to peel or a cohesive failure within the coating shall be recorded as a
"Pass."
14.4.2 Cohesive failure, caused by voids leaving a honeycomb structure on the specimen surface, shall
constitute a failure.
14.4.3 The extent of the adhesive failure between the coating and the metal substrate shall be recorded.
A disbonding to the metal surface of up to 4 mm (0.2 in) from the center point of the cross should
be regarded as satisfactory.
14.5

Cause for Rejection

14.5.1 Where the test fails to conform to the specified requirements, additional sampling shall be
performed to ascertain the extent of failed coating. At the Company's option, all affected coating
determined to have failed the testing may be rejected. Rejected coated pipe shall be stripped and
recoated.

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14.6

Cure Test Using Shore D Hardness

14.6.1 Shore D hardness shall be measured on production applied coating with a type D durometer. The
coating is considered sufficiently cured for handling or backfilling if a minimum Shore D
hardness reading of 80 is obtained. The minimum test frequency shall be four samples per shift
(max. 10 hr).
14.6.2 The coating thickness must be 762 m (30 mils) minimum at the spot where the hardness reading
is measured. It is recommended that, during coating application, the applicator identifies the area
where the hardness test will be done and applies sufficient coating to achieve at least 762 m
(30 mils) in this area. If Shore D hardness is measured on the overlap area, the total thickness of
the coating shall be at least 762 m (30 mils) greater than the thickness of the underlying
overlapped coating.
14.6.3 The coating temperature shall be at least 10C (50F) when the hardness is measured. To avoid
damaging the coating, it should be confirmed to be hard-dry with a thumbnail before the Shore D
test is done. Field Shore D meters will give false readings if pushed too fast or too slowly. Hold
the gauge in near-vertical position and press foot of gauge firmly against the coating.
Consistency is important, test the second and third area in the same way as the first.

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APPENDIX 1 MAINLINE RECOATING USING LINE TRAVEL EQUIPMENT MAINLINE


RECOATING
1

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
The following requirements are only applicable for line travel equipment used on large scale
recoating projects and shall be additional to the requirements in this Specification. The purpose is
to identify and measure various parameters of the operation such that if there is any deviation
from optimum, such deviations may be determined and corrected in order to guarantee the proper
surface preparation and coating application according to the requirements of this Specification.
The Contractor shall be responsible for the quality of the Mainline Recoating and shall verify the
following:
a) Equipment Operation
b) Surface preparation
c) Coating Application
The Company shall provide supplementary inspection services and shall reserve the right to reject
or accept any aspect of the recoating process.
The Contractor shall perform the quality assessment detailed in this Section to confirm the
operational performance of the Hydroblast Cleaning Module (if any), Surface Preparation Module
and the Coating Application Module.

EQUIPMENT OPERATION

2.1

Hydroblast Cleaning Module


The Contractor is responsible for the pre-removal of any deleterious material that cannot be
readily removed by the Blast Cleaning Module. If a Hydroblast cleaning module is used prior to
the Blast Cleaning Module, the resultant surface, after Hydroblast cleaning must be examined to
ensure that sufficient removal has been accomplished. Any remaining deleterious material such
as heavy corrosion, rust scale, tape, tape adhesive, or elastomeric coating, etc., that cannot be
readily removed by the Blast Cleaning Module will require further removal. Such removal
methods may be done using solvent cleaning, hand or power tools, or other Companys approved
method in order to accomplish the desired pre-cleanliness.

2.2

Surface Preparation Module


Operational verification procedures for the Surface Preparation Module shall include a review,
periodic sampling, and recording of the following Ammeters, Abrasive Bin Levels, Air Cleaner,
and Abrasive Operating Mix as described below:
a) Ammeters
Ammeters shall be monitored for an assessment of the quantity of abrasive blast media being
thrown by the blast-cleaning wheel. The ammeter reading is a direct indication of the loading of
the drive motor and shall be monitored and recorded by the Contractor for optimum performance
in the ranges and frequencies listed below:

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Acceptable Performance:

Barring instantaneous excursions, ammeter readings shall be within


the manufacturers acceptable range. The Contractor shall submit
for the Companys approval, evidence of manufacturers
recommended range, recommended frequency of inspection and
verification method for ammeter readings.

Ammeter readings found to be outside the manufacturers recommended range for extended
periods of time may be cause for interruption of the blast cleaning process until corrected in
accordance with manufacturers recommended procedures and may require reblasting of affected
pipe at the Companys discretion.
b) Abrasive Bin Levels
The Contractor shall be responsible for maintaining abrasive levels within the abrasive feed bin at
a minimum level for proper equipment operation.
Optimal performance:
Frequency of Inspection:

Maintain the abrasive level above storage bin level control probe.
In the absence of automatic feed bin low level alarms, the operator
shall inspect the abrasive bin level every sixty (60) minutes.
Companys Inspector shall inspect every 120 minutes.
Insufficient maintenance of the minimum level shall be cause for interruption of the blasting
process until corrected.
c) Air Separators
The Contractor shall monitor the air separators to ensure the removal of oversize contaminants,
foreign contaminants, and undersize abrasive particulate. Air separators shall be cleaned as
required to ensure control of the abrasive operating mix.
d) Abrasive Operating Mix
The Contractor shall ensure the optimal size profile and mix of the blasting media to obtain the
required surface cleanliness and anchor pattern. Verification that the abrasive mix meets the
requirements of this Specification shall be by screen analysis and abrasive appearance. The
Operator and the Companys Inspector shall perform a screen analysis twice daily to insure that
the size of the abrasive mix is within the specified size range distribution.
Specification of oversized, properly sized, and undersized abrasive shall be in accordance with
that listed in the Project Description.
2.3

Coating Application Module


Operational verification procedures for the monitoring of the Coating Application Module shall
include:
a) The Contractor shall submit for the Companys approval, written procedure for verification of
the proper operation of the Coating Application Module.
b) Verification of the coating mix ratios and application rates shall be in accordance with the
coating manufacturers recommendations. The Contractor shall submit, for the Companys
approval, the mix ratio and application rates, and the methodology to be used for verification
of these parameters.

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2.3.1

Blast Cleaning Cleanliness


The Contractor shall ensure that the blasted surface meets the requirements of this Specification.
Cleanliness verification shall be done using SSPC/NACE photographic standards SSPC-VIS 189. Visual Comparator shall be performed continually to verify the visual conformance of the
blast cleaned surface to the predetermined standard. In addition to the Swedish Pictorial and
SSPC Visual Comparators, a job site standard consisting of blast cleaned steel will be used to
verify the pipe steel surface preparation. If the blast cleanliness falls below the standards of
visual comparator, the blast cleaning module shall be stopped, the problem corrected and the
unsatisfactorily cleaned area re-blasted and cleaned until SSPC SP10/NACE 2 cleanliness has
been obtained.
The Inspector shall verify that the Contractor has met the specified requirements for surface
cleanliness.

2.3.2

Blast Cleaning Anchor Profile


The Contractor shall ensure that the blast cleaned surface has a 64 - 114 m (2.5 - 4.5 mils)
angular anchor pattern. The anchor pattern profile shall be continually monitored using Testex
tape to confirm the depth profile. The Inspector shall perform portable profilometer
measurements as warranted to evaluate the angularity of the profile. Insufficient or under
angulated profile will require re-blasting to meet the requirements of this Specification.
The Inspector shall verify that the Contractor has met the specified requirements for Blast
Cleaned Anchor Profile

2.3.3

Surface Contamination after Blast-Cleaning


The Contractor shall check for residual contaminants from incidental wind-blown dust, dirt and
debris prior to the coating application. Testing shall be performed as warranted on blast cleaned
surfaces that are downstream of the 360 air knife blower. Using ISO 8502-3, an appropriate tape
shall be firmly pressed to and rubbed on to the steel surface. The tape is then removed and
compared to the pictorial reference in ISO 8502-3. The same procedure shall be followed for
testing blast cleaned surfaces between the air knife blower and the coating application module
when the line travel module is shut down or interrupted sufficiently long enough to permit a safe
reliable test. Piping that does not meet the requirements for allowable residual contaminants as
specified in the project description may require re-cleaning using approved procedures or reblasting.
The Inspector shall verify that the Contractor has met the specified requirements for surface
cleanliness after blast cleaning.

2.3.4

Testing of the Applied Coating System


The Contractor shall conduct testing of the applied coating according to Section 15 of this
Specification.
Two sections per valve section (pipe rings) of the production run will be cut in order to perform
the corresponding laboratory tests.
The quality of the raw coating material will be certified and inferred through the mixing ratio
characteristics, ease of spray application, verification of tack-free and curing time, wet and dry
film thickness testing and X cut adhesion testing that will be carried out in the field.

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APPENDIX 2 TIE-IN PROCEDURE FOR ASPHALT, THIN FILM TAPE AND COATING
THE EDGE TRANSITION OF CLAMPS, BRACES AND SUPPORTS
1

SCOPE
These procedures describe the technical requirements for:

Tying in old parent coatings to newly applied EPU coatings.

Coating the edge transition of clamps, braces supports, etc. For steel reinforcement sleeves,
clamp, braces, supports, etc. use Option 1 and refer to Section 12 of this Specification.

Coating the edge transition of steel reinforcement sleeves.

For tie-ins below 0C (32F), Option 1 may be preferred due to the ease of application.
2

PETROLATUM COATING AND GLASS OUTER WRAP (OPTION 1)


Approved Materials
Approved
Manufacturer
Denso

2.1

Coating Component
Primer
Tape
Fibreglass outer wrap

Approved Product
Denso Paste
Denso LT petrolatum tape
Denso syntho-glass

Storage
Coating components shall be stored at 4 to 46C (40 to 115F). Coating components shall be
maintained between 4 and 46C (40 and 115F) during application.

2.3

Surface Preparation
Remove dirt, dust, moisture and other contaminants from the old coating parent being lapped
onto. This is not applicable for clamps, braces, supports, etc.

2.4

Application of Petrolatum Coating and Fibreglass Outer Wrap at Tie-in Area


Petrolatum coating shall be applied after coating repairs and holiday detection.
Petrolatum coating shall be applied in accordance with Company Specification TES-COAT-PET.
Petrolatum primer and tape shall start at least 75mm (3 in) on the existing parent coating and shall
be applied at least 75mm (3 in) onto the newly applied coating.
Glass Outer Wrap shall be applied to the petrolatum coating as follows:
Use temperate water to activate the resin in the glass outer wrap. In cold weather (0C (32F) or
below, ambient temperature), methyl alcohol (cold weather windshield washer fluid) may be
used. Soak glass outer wrap in either liquid for 20 to 30 seconds prior to application.
Spiral wrap the glass outer wrap with a minimum overlap of 55% of the wrap width (e.g. for 100
mm (4 in) wide wrap, overlap shall be 50 mm (2 in)). A minimum of two (2) separate layers shall
be applied. Additional layers will provide additional mechanical protection.
Apply glass outer wrap to be free of wrinkles and voids.

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Glass outer wrap shall be spirally wrapped over the entire petrolatum areas and onto the existing
parent coating by 75 mm (3 in).
Glass outer wrap will be considered ready to backfill when the resin in the glass outer wrap has
cured so that there is adhesion between the layers of itself.
3

MOLDABLE SEALANT (OPTION 2)


Approved Material
Approved
Manufacturer
Kema Coatings Limited
3M

3.1

Coating Component
Tape
Top Coat

Approved Product
Kema 250 (12) Tape
330L Modulated Sealant Top Coat

Storage
Maintain tape at temperatures between 16 and 29C (60 and 85F) for at least twenty-four (24)
hours immediately prior to use. Keep tape within these temperature ranges during application.

3.2

Surface Preparation
Remove dirt, dust, moisture and other contaminants from the old parent coating being lapped
onto. Primer is not required as there is no bare steel allowed.

3.3

Application of Tape
Wrap the tape full circumference of the pipe to be coated, starting 75 mm (3 in) on the parent
coating. Butt the next wrap of tape to this and continue the process until tape exceeds on the
newly applied coating by at least 75 mm (3 in). Do not overlap the tape onto itself. At each butt
seam, apply a wrap around each seam. Apply tape with a 50/50 portion on each side of the butted
seam and press firmly down. Use tension in wrapping to obtain conformability to the surface
being coated. Applied tape shall be free of wrinkles and voids.

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APPENDIX 3 FIELD TESTING OF ABRASIVE BLASTING MEDIA


Abrasives used for blast cleaning must be tested for the presence of salt and oil. The abrasive shall be
tested at the beginning of each shift or at the Companys discretion. This applies for both recycled and
one time use abrasives.
A sample of at least 100 ml of abrasive is mixed with an equal volume of distilled water in a clean
transparent container. The mixture is agitated for at least thirty (30) seconds. The abrasive is then
allowed to settle to the bottom of the container. The chloride content of the mixed water may not exceed
3ppm (3 mg/l). The mixed sample, in water, shall show no presence of oil, either on the surface of the
water or as an emulsion in the water, when examined visually after standing for thirty (30) minutes. If
either the salt or oil test fails the entire pallet (or bulk container) of abrasive must be rejected. Each pallet
of abrasive must be tested until three pallets (or bulk containers) in a row pass testing.
The recommended field method for measuring the chloride content of the mixed water (solution) is to use
a chloride ion detection tube (Kitagawa tube) as detailed in the procedure below. This method uses sealed
vacuum tubes with crystals impregnated with silver dichromate (pink).
The ends of the tubes are snapped off, opening the tube much like a straw. When one end of the tube is
immersed in the solution, capillary action wicks the solution to the top of the tube. On contact with the
chloride ion the silver dichromate converts to silver chloride (white), when the solution reaches the top of
the tube, the white cotton at the top changes color to amber. This indicates the test is complete.
Graduations on the side of the tube provide the level of chloride ions present in the solution. This method
is described in ISO 8502-5.
The tubes most commonly used for field measurement of chlorides have a detection range of +0 to 60
ppm. Suitable tubes are:
Kitagawa 201SB from Kitagawa America (detection range of +0 to 60 ppm).
Elcometer 134 CHLOR*TEST Salt Detection Kit (detection range of +0 to 50ppm).

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APPENDIX 4 TESTING FOR SALT ON BLAST CLEANED SURFACES


Testing shall be conducted to verify that blast cleaned surfaces do not contain detrimental levels of
soluble salt contamination. Testing shall be done in accordance with the procedures outlined below.
On line-pipe, the test frequency shall be the first three joints at the start of the project and then once per
fifty joints. If salt is detected then the test frequency shall be every joint until salt is not detected on at
least ten consecutive joints. For all other items (field repairs, tie-ins, valves, fittings, risers etc.) the test
frequency shall be once per item. However, should a truck load of valves or fittings at a fabrication
facility require testing, the test frequency shall be twice per truck load.
Testing shall be done on the blast cleaned surface. Salt testing prior to blast cleaning is not required but is
advisable and recommended, to facilitate salt removal by water washing prior to blasting.
Testing may be done with ferricyanide paper or a commercially available salt contamination test kit. If
ferricyanide paper is used, the criterion for acceptance shall be a negative result (no dark dots visible). If
a test kit is used, the salt contamination level shall be less than 5 g/cm2 chlorides. Test kits shall be used
in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. Flash rusting caused by wetting the test area during
the salt test shall be removed by sweep blasting.
Salt contamination test kits are available commercially from Elcometer (www.elcometer.com), Chlor*Rid
(www.chlor-rid.com), Paul Gardner Co. (www.gardco.com), KTA Tator (www.ktagage.com) and Manus
Abrasives (www.manusabrasive.com).
If testing is done with ferricyanide paper, it should be used as follows.
Spray the surface to be tested with a mist of distilled water. Do not use drinking water as it contains salts,
distilled water is available at most pharmacies and grocery stores. Wait at least sixty (60) seconds for the
water to react with the surface then place a piece of ferricyanide paper on the wet area. Make sure the
paper wets out completely, spray additional distilled water if needed but do not allow water to run off.
Leave the paper on the surface for at least sixty (60) seconds, if no dark dots appear this is a negative
result indicating that no ferrous ions were detected. If dark blue dots form on the paper, this is a positive
result and it indicates that the surface is contaminated with ferrous ions.
Ferricyanide paper may be made by soaking laboratory filter paper in a 5% solution of potassium
ferricyanide in distilled water and allowing the paper to dry. The paper may be stored for up to two
weeks in a dark envelope. Prior to its use ferricyanide paper should not be allowed to come in contact
with dirty or salty surfaces and clean gloves should be used to handle the paper to avoid it coming in
contact with salt on the skin of the hands. The efficacy of the paper should be verified on a piece of salt
contaminated scrap steel. (Scrap steel can be suitably contaminated by wetting it with a solution of table
salt and water for at least 30 minutes.) Alternatively, potassium ferricyanide paper may be ordered from
Partech laboratories in Houston (281) 648-0561.
More information related to methods for salt testing is available in SSPC Technology Guide 15.
For information on salt testing and removal of contaminated surfaces, refer to TEP-COAT-SAL.

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APPENDIX 5 ACCELERATED CURING OF REPAIR AREAS


This procedure describes the use of a hand-held heat gun to accelerate the cure of multi-component liquid
coating repairs. The procedure is typically used when a holiday must be rapidly repaired before the pipe
can be handled, typically during lowering-in operations. This is suitable for small and medium sized
repairs, as specified Section 14.2.1 and 14.2.2; it is not suitable for large repairs.
A stream of hot air produced by a hand-held heat gun is used to preheat the substrate prior to applying the
coating and to post-heat the repair area after it has been applied. Heat guns resemble hairdryers, a fan
forces air over an electrically heated element in the gun and out through a nozzle. These types of heat
guns are typically used for stripping paint and are widely available in most industrial supply and home
repair retail stores. The heat gun model used to test this procedure was a Wagner, set at 1832C (1,000
F); it required a 110 V AC electrical power supply. Other models may be used.
The times and temperatures stated in this procedure are specific to the curing characteristics of the
product SP-2888. Other suitable approved repair materials may be used with this procedure, but because
the cure characteristics may differ, the procedure may need to be adapted according to the curing time of
the material. The user is therefore advised to consult the manufacturers data or test the material to
determine its curing characteristics.
PROCEDURE
Surface Preparation
Prepare the repair area for coating by abrading it as described in Section 14 of this Specification.
Preheating
Preheat the repair area by directing a stream of hot air from a handheld heat gun at the surface. Heat the
area for at least 75 cm (3 inches) around the holiday to be coated to approximately 85C (185F). Hold
the end of the nozzle of the gun approximately 50 mm (2 inches) from the substrate. Move the gun
briskly back and forth over the area. Measure the surface temperature of the parent coating, (not the bare
steel) with an infrared non-contact thermometer. Experience has shown that it takes approximately two
minutes for the temperature to reach 85C (185F). The surface temperature shall not exceed 115C
(240F). A slight darkening of the parent coating is acceptable but any overheated or charred coating
must be removed and replaced.
Coating Application
Use a manufacturer supplied repair cartridge to deliver the correct ratio of base and hardener and follow
the manufacturers instructions. The SP-2888 cartridge consists of 300 ml of base and 150 ml of
hardener.
The cartridge may be used with or without a static mixer. Regardless of whether a static mixer is used,
the material must be mixed by hand. If a static mixer is used, the first few pumps must be ejected and
disposed of as solid waste after solidification. Note that SPC-2888 will harden in a static mixer in twenty
minutes at 25C (77F).

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Eject the required amount of coating material from the cartridge into a clean cup and hand mix the
product with a stir stick until the coating color becomes uniform with no streaks. Apply the material onto
the area to be repaired. Spread out the coating to a uniform thickness with a spatula or paintbrush to
achieve the DFT required (refer to Sections 12 and 14) and extend the coating to at least 25 mm (1 inch)
over the surrounding pre-roughened parent coating.
Post-Heating
After applying the coating, post-heat the repair area using a heat gun to direct a stream of hot air over the
coating repair for at least one minute.
Thumbnail Hardness Test
Allow the coating to cool for at least one minute then test if it has hardened sufficiently. The coating is
hard enough if it is not indented when pressed with a thumbnail. If it is not hard enough repeat the postheating step. The repair must not be allowed to freeze (fall below 0C (32F)) until it has passed the
thumbnail test.
Holiday Inspection
After the repair has passed the thumbnail hardness test it should be holiday tested as detailed in
Section 13.
Placing in Service
The coating repair shall reach a fully cured state, as specified in Section 15.6, before it is placed in
service, backfilled or immersed in water. The manufacturers curing table or chart can be used to
determine the time expected for a repair area to completely cure at the surface temperature. If cold
surface conditions will prevent the full hardening of the repair, the heat gun should be used to fully cure
the repair.

Alternative methods, such as the use of radiant heat from propane rosebud heaters may be used.

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FIGURE 1 VISUAL COMPARATOR FOR 0.03% EMBEDDED ABRASIVES

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