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I.
SOUND
Tick (
) the most appropriate answer.
1. Rapid back and forth motion of a particle about its mean position is
called
(a) displacement (b) acceleration (c) vibration (d) friction
2. In which state of matter does sound travel the fastest?
(a) gases
(b) solids
(c) liquids (d) none of these
3. Sound cannot travel through
(a) solids
(b) liquids
(c) vacuum (d) none of these
4. The intensity of sound is measured in the units of
(a) joule
(b) decibel
(c) watts
(d) none of these
5. The speed of sound in air is
(a) 3000 m/s (b) 340 m/s
(c) 400 m/s (d) 1000 m/s
6. The instrument used in the laboratory to produce sound of a fixed
frequenncy is
(a) simple pendulum
(b) tuning fork
(c) thermometer
(d) metre scale
7. Violin is a
(a) stringed musical instrument (b) percussion instrument
(c) reed instrument
(d) wind instrument
8. An instrument based on the principle of echo is
(a) sonar
(b) metre scale (c) radar
(d) barometer
9. An echo of the sound produced can be heard only if it reahes our
ear after
(a) 1/15th of a seond
(b) 1/13th of a seond
(c) 1/10th of a seond
(d) 1/5th of a seond
10. The characteristic of sound which distinguishes a feeble sound from
a loud sound of the same frequeny is
(a) loudness (b) pitch
(c) music
(d) noise
11. To and fro motion of a particle about its mean position is called
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1. Vibration
Ans. A vibration is a rapid back and forth motion of a particle about its
mean position.
2. Echo
Ans. The repetition of sound, when it is reflected from a distant body is
called an echo.
3. Shrill
Ans. The sound produced by an object vibrating with a high frequency is
called shrill.
4. Sound quality
Ans. The quality of a musical sound is that characteristics by virtue of
which we can distinguish between two sounds of the same pitch
and loudness produced by two different musical instruments or by
different voices.
5. Ultrasonic sound
Ans. Sounds having frequencies higher than 20,000 Hz are known as
ultrasonic sounds. Some animals like bats, dogs and dolphins can
hear ultrasonic sounds.
6. Infrasonic sound
Ans. Sounds having frequencies lower than 20 Hz are known as infrasonic
sounds. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, simple pendulum and some
animals like whales and elephants produce infrasonic sounds.
IX. Answer these questions.
1. Describe an experiment to prove that
(a) sound travels faster in solids than in liquids.
(b) sound travels faster in solids than in gaseous medium.
Ans. (a) Experiment to prove that sound travels faster in solids than in
liquids.
Take a squeky toy and put it inside a plastic bag. Seal the bag with
the help of a candle or with a thread. Fill a bucket with water and
place the bag in the water squeeze the toy. You will hear a low
sound. Now place your ear against the side of the bucket and squeeze
the toy again. You will hear the sound better.
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can be changed by altering its length. Guitar, sitar and violin are
examples of stringed musical instruments.
How do percussion instruments produce sounds? Give two
examples.
In percussion instruments, we make a leather membrane vibrate by
striking it with a hammer or with our hands. Drum, tabla and dholak
are the commonly used percussion musical instruments.
What steps can be taken to prevent noise pollution?
Steps to prevent noise pollution are as follows :
(i) Automobiles should be fitted with silencers and soft horns.
(ii) We should not play radio, television and stereo system too
loudly.
(iii) The horns of motor vehicles should not be blown unnecessarily.
(iv) Ear plugs shold be used by bus or train drivers, mechanics,
workers in a factory, etc.
(v) Airports and noise-making factories should be shifted away
from the residential areas of the city.
Describe an experiment to prove that sound cannot travel in vacuum.
To prove that sound cannot travel in vacuum. We can perform a
simple experiment to demonstrate this fact.
Experiment
Connect the bell to the battery so that
it starts ringing. Arrange the bell jar
around the bell and connect it to a
vacuum pump. Start the vacuum pump
so that it starts evacuating air from the
bell jar. Keep on observing the sound
of the ringing bell all the time.
We observe that we keep on hearing
the sound of the bell after the bell jar
is kept over it. As the air inside the bell
jar is slowly evacuated, the sound
becomes dimmer and dimmer and after
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(d) A narrow slit between the vocal cords makes our vocal cord
vibrate.
(e) Bees have no voice boxes. They make sound by moving their
wings up and down very fast.
15. Taking the example of tuning fork, explain how a vibrating body
produces longitudinal waves in air.
Ans. When a tuning fork is put into vibrations, its prongs move
alternatively inwards and outwards between the positions A and B.
As it moves from A to B it compresses the layer of air in front of it.
This layer because of elasticity, tries to regain its original size. For
this it has to expand. When it does that, it compresses the next layer
and so on. This in turn, compresses the next layer and the process
is repeated. The compression therefore advances to the right from
layer to layer.
Now consider the instant when the prong moves from B to A. As it
moves this way it creates a partial vacuum behind it so that the
layer of air in contact with it expands. We call this a rarefaction.
Again because of elasticity, it tries to regain its original size, it
therefore creates a partial vacuum behind it. The expansion of one
layer thus allows the next layer to expand and so on. In this way a
rarefaction moves to the right. When the prong vibrates, the
compressions and rarefactions follow each other and we have the
longitudinal waves travelling through air. Other vibrating bodies,
like a ringing bell also produce similar compressions and rarefactions
in air before their sound reaches us.
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(iii) Violin : In violin we draw a bow across the strings to put them
into vibrations to produce sound.
(iv) Tuning fork : We hit the tuning fork hard against a rubber
pad and prongs of the tuning fork begins to vibrate to produce
the sound.
26. (a) Name the unit for the measurement of loudness of sound?
(b) What do you understand by the term noise pollution?
(c) Suggest two ways of minimising noise pollution in
(i) home, (ii) surrounding, (iii) automobile
(d) State four harmful effects of noise pollution on the workers
working in factories.
Ans. (a) Loudness of sound is measured in decibels (dB). A sound of
about 50 to 80 decibels is considered as audible sound.
(b) Unwanted, unpleasant and very loud sounds are called noise.
The running of automobiles, loudspeakers and music systems
cause noise pollution.
(c) Ways of minimising noise pollution.
(i) Home
(A) Television, radio and power music system should be
played at low volume.
(B) Electric generator should be provided with improved
and modified silencers.
(ii) Surrounding
(A) Exploding crackers on various functions should be
avoided.
(B) Loudspeakers used in marriages and religious places
should be played at low volume.
(iii) Automobile
(A) Horns should not be blown unnecessarily.
(B) Automobiles should be provided with improved and
modified silencers.
(d) Harmful effects of noise pollution in factories
(i) Noise in the surroundings interfaces with speech and talk
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175 m
1
=
s = 350 m/s
2
6. During a thunderstorm, the thunder is heard 2 seconds after the
flash of lightning is seen. If the speed of sound is 300 m/s, calculate
the distance at which the lightning takes place.
Ans.
Time = 2 s
Speed of sound = 300 m/s
Distance = Speed Time
= 300 m/s 2 s
= 600 m
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