Dynamics 1e10 1no Drag - Sks

UTA010 (ED-II)
Dynamics for the Catapult

(No Drag)
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Page 1
Modelling
For a given size, can we maximise the
distance?
What are the key parameters that
control the distance?
Can we formulate a model that will help
us design our Catapult?
Sandeep K Sharma
Page 2
Objective of Modelling
create the simplest possible projectile
motion model using standard kinematic
formulas and variables.
Animation of the
- initial height
model for ease of
understanding
- initial speed
- initial angle
- time step
Sandeep K Sharma
Page 3
Fundamentals
force = mass x acceleration (ma)
work = force x distance (Fs)
energy== work
power = rate of work (work/time)
Sandeep K Sharma
Page 4
Derived Units
Force (1N=1kgm/s2)
Work (1J=1Nm=1kgm2/s2)
Energy (J)
Power (1W=1J/s)
Sandeep K Sharma
Page 5
Dynamics
Uniformly accelerated body moving along axis X
Sandeep K Sharma
Page 6
Dynamics
Speed av=distance/time
Acceleration av=velocity/time
Sandeep K Sharma
Page 7
Dynamics
Can derive equations for linear motion
(for constant acceleration)
v = u + at
s = ut + 1/2at2
v2 = u2 + 2as
u=initial velocity
v=final velocity
t=time duration
a=acceleration
s=distance travelled
Sandeep K Sharma
Page 8
Dynamics
Example 1: (1-D)
Kick a ball straight up. Given a given
initial velocity, how high will it go?
DISTANCE.. ????
Sandeep K Sharma
Page 9
Dynamics
v=0 (at top)
Example 1: (1-D)
Use equation:
v2=u2+2as
s=?
a=-g
s=u2/2g
u
Sandeep K Sharma
Page 10
Dynamics
Example 2: (1-D)
Drop a rock from a cliff of
height s. How long will it
take to hit the ground/sea?
Time.???
s = ut + 1/2at2
Sandeep K Sharma
s=1/2at2
Page 11
Dynamics
Example 2: (1-D)
Reverse Case
Use equation:
s=ut+1/2at2
s=?
u=0 (at top)
t (from stopwatch)
s=1/2at2
Sandeep K Sharma
Page 12
Dynamics
Example 2:
(1-D)
s=1/2at2
u=0 (at top)
s=?
t (from stopwatch)
Sandeep K Sharma
Example Result: t=3s =>s=44m

However!
t=2.5s =>s=31m
t=3.5s =>s=60m
Sensitive to error: proportional to
square of t!
Page 13
Dynamics
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4
Time
Sandeep K Sharma
Page 14
Dynamics
Can we use these equations to model
the trajectory of the missile?
And hence predict the distance?
A 2-D problem!
Sandeep K Sharma
Page 15
Dynamics (2-D)
y
Sandeep K Sharma
Page 16
Dynamics (2-D)
3
2
Discretise the curve
Sandeep K Sharma
Page 17
Dynamics (2-D)
4
3
y
v3
v4
v2
1
v1
Not u and v now but
v1, v2, v3, v4, etc..
Sandeep K Sharma
Page 18
Dynamics (2-D)
3
y
s1 s1y
s1x
We can decompose vectors (v, s, a)

into x, y components
Sandeep K Sharma
Page 19
Dynamics (2-D)
v=u+at becomes:
vx2=vx1+ax1t
vy2=vy1+ay1t
s=ut+1/2at2 becomes:
sx=vx1t+1/2ax1t2
sy=vy1t+1/2ay1t2
Sandeep K Sharma
Acceleration is constant
(for no drag of lift well
return to this point later)
ax=0!
ay=-g
t2-t1= t
(keep time interval constant
throughout the flight)
Page 20
Dynamics (2-D)
For constant accelerationa=(v2-v1)/(t2-t1)
v2=v1+at
s2=s1+vavt
where vav=(v1+v2)/2
vav=(v1+v1+at)/2
vav=v1 +(at)/2
Sandeep K Sharma
s2=s1+vavt
s2=s1+ (v1+(at)/2)t
s2=s1+v1t +(at2)/2
s=s2-s1
s= v1 t +(at2)/2
x2=x1+v1xt +(axt2)/2
y2=y1+v1yt +(ayt2)/2
Page 21
Dynamics (2-D)
For constant accelerationa=(v2-v1)/(t2-t1)
v2=v1+at
s2=s1+vavt
where vav=(v1+v2)/2
vav=(v1+v1+at)/2
vav=v1 +(at)/2
Sandeep K Sharma
s2=s1+vavt
s2=s1+ (v1+(at)/2)t
s2=s1+v1t +(at2)/2
s=s2-s1
s= v1 t +(at2)/2
x2=x1+v1xt +(axt2)/2
y2=y1+v1yt +(ayt2)/2
sx=vx1t+1/2ax1t2
sy=vy1t+1/2ay1t2
Page 22
Dynamics Assignment1
Use Excel to study trajectory of missile
Initial Conditions
Input Data
Vel
delt t
theta (degrees)
theta (radians)
10.00
0.01
30.00
0.52
Position
1.00
x
0.00
y
0.00
vx
0.00
vy
8.66
ax
5.00
0.00
ay
-9.81
vx=Vel*cos(theta)
vy=Vel*sin(theta)
Sandeep K Sharma
Page 23
Dynamics
Input Data
Vel
delt t
theta (degrees)
theta (radians)
10.00
0.01
30.00
0.52
Position
1.00
2.00
x
0.00
0.01
y
0.00
0.09
vx
0.00
0.05
vy
8.66
8.66
ax
5.00
4.90
0.00
0.00
ay
-9.81
-9.81
t2=t1+t
Sandeep K Sharma
Page 24
Dynamics
Input Data
Vel
delt t
theta (degrees)
theta (radians)
10.00
0.01
30.00
0.52
Position
1.00
2.00
x
0.00
0.01
y
0.00
0.09
vx
0.00
0.05
vy
8.66
8.66
ax
5.00
4.90
0.00
0.00
ay
-9.81
-9.81
x2=x1+vx1t+1/2ax1t2
Sandeep K Sharma
Page 25
Dynamics
Input Data
Vel
delt t
theta (degrees)
theta (radians)
10.00
0.01
30.00
0.52
Position
1.00
2.00
x
0.00
0.01
y
0.00
0.09
vx
0.00
0.05
vy
8.66
8.66
ax
5.00
4.90
0.00
0.00
ay
-9.81
-9.81
y2=y1+vy1t+1/2ay1t2
Sandeep K Sharma
Page 26
Dynamics
Input Data
Vel
delt t
theta (degrees)
theta (radians)
10.00
0.01
30.00
0.52
Position
1.00
2.00
x
0.00
0.01
y
0.00
0.09
vx
0.00
0.05
vy
8.66
8.66
ax
5.00
4.90
0.00
0.00
ay
-9.81
-9.81
vx2=vx1+ax1t
Sandeep K Sharma
Page 27
Dynamics
Input Data
Vel
delt t
theta (degrees)
theta (radians)
10.00
0.01
30.00
0.52
Position
1.00
2.00
x
0.00
0.01
y
0.00
0.09
vx
0.00
0.05
vy
8.66
8.66
ax
5.00
4.90
0.00
0.00
ay
-9.81
-9.81
vy2=vy1+ay1t
Sandeep K Sharma
Page 28
Dynamics
Input Data
Vel
delt t
theta (degrees)
theta (radians)
10.00
0.01
30.00
0.52
Position
1.00
2.00
x
0.00
0.01
y
0.00
0.09
vx
0.00
0.05
vy
8.66
8.66
ax
5.00
4.90
0.00
0.00
ay
-9.81
-9.81
Const=0!
Sandeep K Sharma
Page 29
Dynamics
Input Data
Vel
delt t
theta (degrees)
theta (radians)
10.00
0.01
30.00
0.52
Position
1.00
2.00
x
0.00
0.01
y
0.00
0.09
vx
0.00
0.05
vy
8.66
8.66
ax
5.00
4.90
0.00
0.00
ay
-9.81
-9.81
Const=-g
Sandeep K Sharma
Page 30
Dynamics
Input Data
Vel
delt t
theta (degrees)
theta (radians)
10.00
0.01
30.00
0.52
Copy formula
down
Sandeep K Sharma
Position
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
x
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
y
0.00
0.09
0.17
0.26
0.35
0.43
0.52
0.61
0.69
0.78
0.87
0.95
1.04
1.13
1.21
1.30
1.39
1.47
1.56
vx
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.19
0.24
0.28
0.33
0.37
0.41
0.45
0.49
0.53
0.57
0.60
0.64
0.67
0.71
0.74
vy
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
ax
5.00
4.90
4.80
4.70
4.61
4.51
4.41
4.31
4.21
4.11
4.02
3.92
3.82
3.72
3.62
3.53
3.43
3.33
3.23
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
ay
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
Page 31
Dynamics
Input Data
Vel
delt t
theta (degrees)
theta (radians)
10.00
0.01
30.00
0.52
Plot x versus y
using chart
wizard
Sandeep K Sharma
Position
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
t
0.00
0.01
30.01
30.53
1.40
30.53
30.53
1.20
30.53
30.53
1.00
30.53
30.53
0.80
30.53
30.53
0.60
30.53
30.53
0.40
30.53
30.53
0.20
30.53
30.53
0.00
30.53
30.53
0.00
30.53
30.53
y
0.00
0.09
0.17
0.26
0.35
0.43
0.52
0.61
0.69
0.78
0.87
0.95
1.04
1.13
1.21
1.30
1.39
1.47
1.56
1.65
2.00
1.73
1.82
vx
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.19
0.24
0.28
0.33
0.37
0.41
0.45
0.49
0.53
0.57
0.60
0.64
0.67
0.71
0.74
0.77
4.00
0.80
0.83
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
6.00
8.66
8.66
vy
ax
5.00
4.90
4.80
4.70
4.61
4.51
4.41
4.31
4.21
4.11
4.02
3.92
3.82
3.72
3.62
3.53
3.43
3.33
3.23
3.13
8.00
3.04
2.94
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
10.00
0.00
0.00
ay
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
Page 32
Assignment 1
Catapult Dynamics Design Tool using Excel
Individual tutorial exercise
1.Create excel spreadsheet as demonstrated
2.Plot x versus y
3.Study effect of changing velocity

4.Study effect of changing angle
An assignment will be set based on this work. Assignment to be submitted

individually no copying!
Sandeep K Sharma
Page 33

Dynamics 1e10 1no Drag - Sks

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Dynamics 1e10 1no Drag - Sks

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UTA010 (ED-II)

Dynamics for the Catapult

Uniformly accelerated body moving along axis X

u=0 (at top)

Example Result: t=3s =>s=44m

Discretise the curve

v1, v2, v3, v4, etc..

We can decompose vectors (v, s, a)

3.Study effect of changing velocity

An assignment will be set based on this work. Assignment to be submitted

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