Comprehension-9

Calculation of q, w, U , H for various processes:1.Isothermal process:

For ideal gas; H U 0
From I st law q w

wrev. 2.303nRT log10

Vf
Vi

Vf

wirrev. Pext dV Pext V

Vi

An isothermal reversible & irreversible process end up at same final state if carried out against same
final pressure from same initial states.
2.Isochoric process:
w0
U qV nCVm T (for any substance)

H q p nC pm T (only for ideal gas)

3.Isobaric process:
U qV nCVm T ( only for ideal gas)

H q p nC pm T ( for any substance)

Vf

w Pext dV Pext V
Vi

CASE I : For an ideal gas undergoing a chemical reaction

w P.dV d ( PV ) d (nRT ) RT dn ng RT

CASE II : For an ideal gas not undergoing any chemical reaction

Tf

w n.R dT nRT
Ti

4.Adiabatic process:
q0

PV )
nRT ( PV
2 2 1 1
( 1)
( 1)
For an ideal gas ; U nCVm T & H nC Pm T

w U

To determine the missing parameter we must know ,whether the process is reversible or
irreversible.
CASE I : For reversible process;
TV 1 constant ;
PV constant;
T P1 constant
CASE II : For irreversible process;

nCVm (T2 T1 ) Pext (V f Vi )

5. Cyclic process:

H net U net 0 ;

qtotal wtotal (from I st law of T.D.)

Q.1

Select correct statement(a) In isothermal expansion wrev wirrev

(b) In isothermal compression wirrev wrev
(c) reversible process is more efficient than irreversible
(d) All

Q.2

Select correct statement(a) In adiabatic expansion temperature of system decreases.

(b) In adiabatic compression temperature of system increases.
(c) adiabatic rev. & irrev. Processes do not end up at same final stage if carried out against
same final pressure from same initial state
(d) All

Q.3

One mole of monoatomic ideal gas expands adiabatically at initial temp. T against a constant
external pressure of 1 atm from one litre to two litre. Find out the final temp. (R = 0.0821
litre. atm K1 mol1)
(A) T
(C) T

Q.4

(B)

2
3 0.0821

T
5

23

(D) T

2
3 0.0821

[JEE 2005]

One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas is carried through the cycle of the given figure
consisting of step A, B and C and involving state 1,2 and 3.

Fill in the blank space in the table given below assuming reversible steps.

Table-1

Step
A
B
C

Q.5

State
P
1
2
3
Name of process

Select processes in which w ( )ve

Q.6

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Calculate work done for an ideal gas (ln2=0.7)

2
Patm
1

1/11.2
1/22.4
1 1
V l

Q.7

Calculate w ? (ln2=0.7)
4

Patm
1

1
1 1
V l

Q.8

Calculate work done for 1 mole of a diatomic ideal gas in given process44.8 l
V
22.4 l

273 K
T

546 K

Q.9

Calculate q, w, U , H for 1 mole of ideal monoatomic gas4 atm

P
3 atm

300 K
T

Q.10

400 K

In an adiatic process, if temperature of fixed amount of ideal gas changes from

150K 230K keeping pressure constant then-

rev

P
irrev
V

(a) Virrev Vrev

Q.11

(b) Virrev Vrev

(c) Virrev Vrev

(d)none

In an adiatic process, if volume of fixed amount of ideal gas changes from 1l 2l keeping
temperature constant then-

(a) Pirrev Prev

Q.12

(b) Pirrev Prev

(c) Pirrev Prev

(d)none

In an adiabatic process, if temperature of fixed amount of ideal gas changes from

230K 150K keeping final pressure constant then-

(a) Virrev Vrev

(b) Virrev Vrev

(c) Virrev Vrev

(d)none

Q.13

In following compression graph-

II
V

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Q.14

I represents rev. Adiabatic process

II represents rev. isothermal process
II represents rev. Adiabatic process
I represents rev. isothermal process

In following expansion graphs-

II
V

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

I represents rev. Adiabatic process

II represents rev. isothermal process
II represents rev. Adiabatic process
I represents rev. isothermal process

Answers
1. (d)
4.

2.(d)

3.(c)

Table-1
State
1
2
3
Step
A
B
C

P
1 atm
2 atm
1 atm

V
22.4
22.4
44.8

T
273
546
546

E
H
Name of process
q
w
Isochoric
3/2 R(273)
0
3/2 R(273) 5/2 R(273)
Isothermal
R ln 2
R ln 2
0
0
Isobaric
5/2 R (273)
R (273)
3/2 R (273) 5/2 R (273)
Cyclic
R(273) + R ln 2 R(273)-R ln 2
0
0

5.(b)
6. (15.68) latm
7. ( 1.1) latm
8.(-273R)
w 0; q U 150 R; H 250 R
9.
10.(a)
11.(a)
13.(a)(b)
14.(c)(d)

12.(a)