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(a)
400
3
- 30 = 231 - 30 V
1
3
Vab = Vp 1 + j = Vp 3 - 30
2
2
i.e. in the acb sequence, Vab lags Van by 30.
Hence, if Vab = 400 , then
Van =
400
3
30 = 23130 V
Vbn = 231150 V
Vcn = 231 - 90 V
Van =
Vab
3 30
208260
3 30
= 120230 V
or
Van =
Vab
3 30
4200
3 30
= 242.5 - 30 V
4400 V
ZY = 6 j8
I an =
Vp
ZY
I L = 6.918 A
Z Y = 16 + j9
VL
3 ZY
220
3 (16 + j9)
= 6.918 - 29.36
Ia =
Van
120 0
= 4.8 - 36.87 A
=
Z L + Z Y 20 + j15
Van
220 0
= 6.5536.53
=
Z A + 2 27 j20
Ib =
Vbn
220 - 120
=
= 10 - 120
ZB + 2
22
Ic =
Vcn
220 120
= 16.92 97.38
=
ZC + 2
12 + j5
For phase b,
For phase c,
Van =
Vbc
3 - 90
VBC
3 - 90
22010
3 - 90
I aA
3 - 30
I cC = 30 - 60
=
30180
3 - 30
I BC = 17.3290 ,
= 17.32210
I CA = 17.32 - 30
I AC = -I CA = 17.32150 A
I BC Z = VBC
Z=
VBC
220 0
=
= 12.7 - 80
I BC 17.32 90
Ia
1100 V
ZY =
Z
= 20 45
3
ZY
1100
= 5.5 - 45 A
2045
I b = I a - 120 = 5.5 - 165 A
Ia =
I c = I a 120 = 5.575 A
Ia =
1 + j 2
a
+
1000 o V
-
ZL
ZL
I3
n
100120 o V
+
c
I1
100120 o V
+
b
I2
C
Z L = 12 + j12
1 + j 2
1 + j 2
For mesh 1,
100 + 100120 o + I 1 (14 + j16) (1 + j 2) I 2 (12 + j12) I 3 = 0
or
(14 + j16) I 1 (1 + j 2) I 2 (12 + j12) I 3 = 100 + 50 j86.6 = 150 j86.6 (1)
For mesh 2,
100120 o 100 120 o I 1 (1 + j 2) (12 + j12) I 3 + (14 + j16) I 2 = 0
or
(1 + j 2) I 1 + (14 + j16) I 2 (12 + j12) I 3 = 50 j86.6 + 50 j86.6 = j173.2 (2)
For mesh 3,
(12 + j12) I 1 (12 + j12) I 2 + (36 + j 36) I 3 = 0
(3)
Solving (1) to (3) gives
I 1 = 3.161 j19.3,
I 2 = 10.098 j16.749,
I aA = I 1 = 19.58 99.3 A
o
I bB = I 2 I 1 = 7.392159.8 o A
I cC = I 2 = 19.5658.91o A
I 3 = 4.4197 j12.016
Z
= 8 j10
3
Z p = Z Y || Z Ye =
Z p = 7.812 j2.047
Z T = Z p + Z L = 8.812 j1.047
Z T = 8.874 - 6.78
210
3 (8.874 - 6.78)
= 13.66 6.78
I L = I a = 13.66 A
I b = 17.32 - 120 A
I c = 17.32120 A
(b)
Z =
VAB 110 0
=
= 11 - 30
I AB 10 30
ZL
Van
ZY =
Ia =
Ia
ZY
Z
= 3 + j4
3
Van
120 0
=
= 19.931 - 48.37
Z Y + Z L (3 + j4) + (1 + j0.5)
But
I AB =
I a = I AB 3 - 30
19.931 - 48.37
3 - 30
= 11.51 - 18.37 A
I BC = 11.51 - 138.4 A
I CA = 11.51101.6 A
VAB = I AB Z = (11.51 - 18.37)(1553.13)
VAB = 172.634.76 V
I AB =
VAB 762.190
= 50.8153.13 A
=
Z 1536.87
2100
= 14 - 36.87 A
1536.87
= I AB - 120 = 14 - 156.87 A
I AB =
I BC
I CA = I AB 120 = 1483.13 A
The line currents are
I a = I AB 3 - 30 = 24.25 - 66.87 A
I b = I a - 120 = 24.25 - 186.87 A
I c = I a 120 = 24.2553.13 A
(a)
I AC =
230120
230120
=
= 17.96 98.66 A(rms)
10 + j8
12.80638.66
10 + j8
10 + j8
= 17.96 158.66 17.96 38.66
= 16.729 j6.536 14.024 + j11.220 = 30.75 + j4.684
= 31.10171.34 A
I bB = I BC + I BA = I BC I AB =
(b)
Z = 5.723 j0.2153
ZL
Van
Ia
Ia =
Van
120 30
=
= 15.53 - 28.4 A
Z L + Z 7.723 j0.2153
(a) I AB =
V AB
208
=
Z
2560 o
I a = I AB
208 3 30 o
3 30 =
= 14.411 90 o
o
2560
o
I L =| I a |= 14.41 A
208 3
cos 60 o = 2.596 kW
(b) P = P1 + P2 = 3VL I L cos = 3 (208)
25
Van =
Vab
3
- 30 = 240.20
1+j
Van
Ia =
Ia
2030
Van
240.2
=
= 11.24 - 31 A
(1 + j) + (17.32 + j10) 21.37 31
But
I AB =
I a = I AB 3 - 30
11.24 - 31
3 - 30
= 6.489 - 1 A
where
Z Y = 3 + j2 + 10 j8 = 13 j6 = 14.32 - 24.78
Ia =
440 - 20
3 (14.32 - 24.78)
= 17.744.78 A
I aA =
72.17 - 30
= 2.55 2 A
28.3 - 32
Ia =
Vab - 30
3 ZY
220 - 10
3 (20 + j15)
I a = 5.081 - 46.87 A
I b = I a - 120 = 5.081 - 166.87 A
I c = I a 120 = 5.08173.13 A
Vab = 4000
Ia =
Van - 30
3 ZY
400 - 30
3 (30 - 60)
= 7.7 30
I L = I a = 7.7 A
VAN = I a Z Y =
Van
3
- 30 = 230.94 - 30
Vp = VAN = 230.9 V
P = 3Vp I p cos ,
Vp =
VL
3
IL = Ip
P = 3 VL I L cos
IL =
P
3 VL cos
ZY =
Vp
Ip
VL
3 IL
5000
240 3 (0.6)
= 20.05 = I p
240
3 (20.05)
= 6.911
cos = 0.6
= 53.13
Z Y = 6.911 - 53.13 (leading)
Z Y = 4.15 j5.53
S=
P 5000
=
= 8333
pf
0.6
Q = S sin = 6667
S = 5000 j6667 VA
+
Vp
ZL
S = 3S p =
S=
3V 2 p
,
Z*p
Vp =
VL
3
V 2L
(208) 2
=
= 1.442145 o kVA
Z * p 30 45 o
P = S cos = 1.02 kW
(a)
Pp = 6,000,
cos = 0.8,
Sp =
PP
= 6 / 0.8 = 7.5 kVA
cos
3V 2 p
Z*p
Z*p =
3V 2 p
3(240) 2
=
,
S
(18 + j13.5) x10 3
6000
(b)
Pp = 3VL I L cos
(c )
Qc = Q p = 4.5 kVA
IL =
C=
S = S = 3 VL I L = 50 10 3
IL =
5000
3 (440)
= 65.61 A
3 x 240 x0.8
Z P = 6.144 + j 4.608
= 18.04 A
Qc
4500
=
= 207.2 F
2
V rms 2x60 x 240 2
Z =
Vp
Ip
Vp =
VL
3
440
= 254.03
254.03
= 3.872
65.61
Z = Z ,
Z = (3.872)(cos + j sin )
Z = (3.872)(0.6 + j0.8)
Z = 2.323 + j3.098
S = 3 VL I L
S = S = 3 VL I L
For a Y-connected load,
VL = 3 Vp
IL = Ip ,
S = 3 Vp I p
IL = Ip =
S
4800
=
= 7.69 A
3 Vp (3)(208)
VL = 3 Vp = 3 208 = 360.3 V
Vp =
Ia =
VL
3
Vp
ZY
220
3
200
3 (10 j16)
= 6.7358
I L = I p = 6.73 A
S = 3 VL I L = 3 220 6.73 - 58
S = 1359 j2174.8 VA
Z '' y =
1
Z = (60 + j 30) / 3 = 20 + j10
3
IL
+
230 V
-
Zy
IL =
230
= 14.61 j 5.953 A
13.5 + j 5.5
Zy
(a)
(b) S = 3V p I * p
I*p =
S
(0.75 + j 0.6614) x10 6
=
= 59.52 + j 52.49
3V p
3x 4200
S=
P
12
=
= 20
pf 0.6
S = S = 20 = 12 j16 kVA
But
IL =
S = 3 VL I L
20 10 3
3 208
S = 3 Ip
= 55.51 A
Zp
3 IL
(12 j16) 10 3
=
(3)(55.51) 2
Z p = 1.298 j1.731
1100
1100
=
(1 + j2) + (9 + j12) 10 + j14
Sp =
1
I
2 a
ZY =
1
(110) 2
(9 + j12)
2 (10 2 + 14 2 )
a
100120
c
+
100-120
1000
5
b
8
B
I2
-j6
I1
j3
I3
C
10
For mesh 1,
100 = (18 j6) I 1 5 I 2 (8 j6) I 3
(1)
100 - 120 = 20 I 2 5 I 1 10 I 3
20 - 120 = - I 1 + 4 I 2 2 I 3
(2)
For mesh 2,
For mesh 3,
0 = - (8 j6) I 1 10 I 2 + (22 j3) I 3
(3)
(4)
(5)
Multiplying (2) by 5 4 ,
25 - 120 = -1.25 I 1 + 5 I 2 2.5 I 3
(6)
(7)
200
87.5 j12.65 = 16.75 j6 - 10.5 + j6 I
3
= 192.5 j26.25 ,
1 = 900.25 j935.2 ,
3 = 110.3 j1327.6
I1 =
1 1298.1 - 46.09
= 6.682 - 38.33 = 5.242 j4.144
=
194.28 - 7.76
I3 =
3 1332.2 - 85.25
=
= 6.857 - 77.49 = 1.485 j6.694
194.28 - 7.76
Z p = (3)(8.567) 2 (7 + j8)
S=
P 5 kW
=
= 6.25 kVA
pf
0.8
But
IL =
S = 3 VL I L
S
3 VL
6.25 10 3
3 400
= 9.021 A
But
Ip
Zp
S
(7.2 j9.6) 10 3
= 80
=
3Zp
(3)(30 j40)
I p = 8.944 A
I L = I p = 8.944 A
VL =
S
3 IL
12 10 3
3 (8.944)
= 774.6 V
S = 3 Ip
Zp ,
S
3 VL
(12 2 + 5 2 ) 10 3
3 (240)
= 31.273
At the source,
VL' = VL + I L Z L
VL' = 2400 + (31.273)(1 + j3)
VL' = 271.273 + j93.819
VL' = 287.04 V
IL =
S -
3 VL
(635.6) -
3 440
S =
P 450 10 3
=
= 635.6 kVA
pf
0.708
= 834 - 45 A
At the source,
VL = 440 0 + I L (0.5 + j2)
VL
VL
VL
VL
S = 3 Vp I *p =
S=
VL
Z*
3 Vp
Z*
I p = Vp Z
3 VL
(110) 2
=
= 121 W
100
S = 3V I =
S=
Z*
*
p p
3 Vp
Z*
3 VL
I p = Vp Z
2
Z*
(3)(110) 2
= 363 W
100
This shows that the delta-connected load will deliver three times more average
Z
power than the wye-connected load. This is also evident from Z Y = .
3
Chapter 12, Solution 47.
pf = 0.8 (lagging)
= cos -1 (0.8) = 36.87
S1 = 250 36.87 = 200 + j150 kVA
pf = 0.95 (leading)
= cos -1 (0.95) = -18.19
S 2 = 300 - 18.19 = 285 j93.65 kVA
pf = 1.0
= cos -1 (1) = 0
S 3 = 450 kVA
S T = S1 + S 2 + S 3 = 935 + j56.35 = 936.7 3.45 kVA
S T = 3 VL I L
IL =
936.7 10 3
3 (13.8 10 3 )
= 39.19 A rms
ZA
40+j15
ZB
ZC
C
B
60
ZA =
ZB =
60(40 + j15).
= 20.52 j 7.105
118 + j 3
ZC =
60(18 j12)
= 8.992 j 6.3303
118 + j 3
2+j3
+
240<0o
240<120
+
c
I2
ZA
I1
o
240<-120
+
b
ZB
ZC
2+j3
B
2+j3
We apply KVL to the loops. For mesh 1,
240 + 240 120 o + I 1 (2Z l + Z A + Z B ) I 2 ( Z B + Z l ) = 0
or
(32.097 + j11.13) I 1 (22.52 + j10.105) I 2 = 360 + j 207.85
For mesh 2,
240120 o 240 120 o I 1 ( Z B + Z l ) + I 2 (2Z l + Z B + Z C ) = 0
or
(1)
(2)
I aA = I 1 = 24.34 12.64 o A,
I bB = I 2 I 1 = 10.81 142.6 o A
I cC = I 2 = 19.27141.9 o A
(b)
V p = VL = 220 (rms) ,
3V 2 p
3 x 220 2
=
= 5808 + j 2904 = 6.94326.56 o kVA
*
(20 j10)
Z p
V p = VL / 3 ,
3V 2 p
3 x 220 2
=
= 2.16426.56 o kVA
*
3(20 j10)
Z p
S 1 = 3 kVA
Z*p =
3V 2 p
,
Z*p
Vp =
VL
3
V *L
240 2
=
(1.8 + j 6.4) x10 3
S2
S2 =
.V 2 L
Z*p
Z p = 2.346 + j8.34
150120
1500
i1
Zb
150-120
i2
Zc
For mesh 1,
- 150 + (Z a + Z b ) I 1 Z b I 2 = 0
150 = (18 + j) I 1 (12 + j9) I 2
(1)
For mesh 2,
- 150 - 120 + (Z b + Z c ) I 2 Z b I 1 = 0
150 - 120 = (27 + j9) I 2 (12 + j9) I 1
From (1) and (2),
18 + j - 12 j9 I 1
150
150 - 120 = - 12 j9 27 + j9 I
2
= 414 j27 ,
1 = 3780.9 + j3583.8 ,
(2)
2 = 579.9 j1063.2
I1 =
1 5209.543.47
=
= 12.56 47.2
414.88 - 3.73
I2 =
2 1211.1 - 61.39
=
= 2.919 - 57.66
414.88 - 3.73
I a = I 1 = 12.5647.2 A
I b = I 2 I1 =
Ib =
2 1 - 3201 j4647
=
5642.3235.44
= 13.6239.17 A
414.88 - 3.73
I c = - I 2 = 2.919122.34 A
Since the neutral line is present, we can solve this problem on a per-phase basis.
Van 120 120
=
= 6 60
Ia =
20 60
Z AN
Ib =
Vbn 120 0
=
= 4 0
30 0
Z BN
Ic =
Thus,
- In
- In
- In
- In
= Ia + Ib + Ic
= 6 60 + 4 0 + 3 - 150
= (3 + j5.196) + (4) + (-2.598 j1.5)
= 4.405 + j3.696 = 5.7540
I n = 5.75 220 A
Vp =
250
3
Since we have the neutral line, we can use per-phase equivalent circuit for each
phase.
2500
1
Ia =
= 3.608 - 60 A
4060
3
Ib =
Ic =
250 - 120
3
250120
3
1
= 2.406 - 75 A
60 - 45
1
= 7.217 120 A
200
- In = Ia + Ib + Ic
- I n = (1.804 j3.125) + (0.6227 j2.324) + (-3.609 + j6.25)
I n = 1.1823 j0.801 = 1.428 - 34.12 A
Ia
Vp0
IAB
Vp120
+
50
Vp-120
j50
C
-j50
I AB =
VAB 100 3 30
=
= 3.464 30 A
50
Z AB
I BC =
VBC 100 3 - 90
=
= 3.4640 A
50 - 90
Z BC
I CA =
2200
220120
+
60 + j80
I1
220-120
+
b
100 j120
Ib
30 + j40
I2
Ic
For mesh 1,
220 - 120 220 0 + (160 j40) I 1 (100 j120) I 2 = 0
11 11 - 120 = (8 j2) I 1 (5 j6) I 2
(1)
For mesh 2,
220 120 220 - 120 + (130 j80) I 2 (100 j120) I 1 = 0
11 - 120 11120 = - (5 j6) I 1 + (6.5 j4) I 2
(2)
= 55 + j15 ,
1 = 31.04 j99.35 ,
2 = 101.55 j203.8
I1 =
1 104.08 - 72.65
= 1.8257 - 87.91
=
57.0115.26
I2 =
2 227.7 - 63.51
=
= 3.994 - 78.77
57.0115.26
I a = I 1 = 1.8257 - 87.91
I b = I 2 I1 =
2 1 70.51 j104.45
=
= 2.211 - 71.23
55 + j15
I c = - I 2 = 3.994101.23
SA = Ia
SB = Ib
SC = Ic
S = S A + S B + S C = 1167.5 + j318.2 VA
4400 +
440120
j10
I1
b
+
440-120
I2
I3
-j5
20
C
c
For mesh 1,
440 - 120 4400 + j10 (I 1 I 3 ) = 0
I1 I 3 =
(440)(1.5 + j0.866)
= 76.21 - 60
j10
(1)
For mesh 2,
440120 440 - 120 + 20 (I 2 I 3 ) = 0
I3 I2 =
(440)( j1.732)
= j38.1
20
For mesh 3,
j10 (I 3 I 1 ) + 20 (I 3 I 2 ) j5 I 3 = 0
(2)
Substituting (1) and (2) into the equation for mesh 3 gives,
(440)(-1.5 + j0.866)
I3 =
= 152.4260
j5
From (1),
I 1 = I 3 + 76.21 - 60 = 114.315 + j66 = 13230
From (2),
I 2 = I 3 j38.1 = 76.21 + j93.9 = 120.9350.94
I a = I 1 = 13230 A
I b = I 2 I 1 = -38.105 + j27.9 = 47.23143.8 A
I c = - I 2 = 120.9230.9 A
(b)
(3)
80 + j 50
I1
20 + j 30
Vc
+
Vb
I2
60 j 40
Ib
Ic
(1)
(100 + j80) I 1 (20 + j 30) I 2 = Va Vb = 165 + j 95.263
(20 + j 30) I 1 + (80 j10) I 2 = Vb Vc = j190.53
(2)
Solving (1) and (2) gives I 1 = 1.8616 j 0.6084,
I 2 = 0.9088 j1.722 .
I a = I 1 = 1.9585 18.1o A,
I c = I 2 = 1.947117.8 o A
Chapter 12, Solution 58.
The schematic is shown below. IPRINT is inserted in the neutral line to measure the
current through the line. In the AC Sweep box, we select Total Ptss = 1, Start Freq. =
0.1592, and End Freq. = 0.1592. After simulation, the output file includes
FREQ
IM(V_PRINT4)
IP(V_PRINT4)
1.592 E01
1.078 E+01
8.997 E+01
i.e.
In = 10.7889.97 A
The schematic is shown below. In the AC Sweep box, we set Total Pts = 1, Start Freq
= 60, and End Freq = 60. After simulation, we obtain an output file which includes
i.e.
FREQ
VM(1)
VP(1)
6.000 E+01
2.206 E+02
3.456 E+01
FREQ
VM(2)
VP(2)
6.000 E+01
2.141 E+02
8.149 E+01
FREQ
VM(3)
VP(3)
6.000 E+01
4.991 E+01
5.059 E+01
The schematic is shown below. IPRINT is inserted to give Io. We select Total Pts = 1,
Start Freq = 0.1592, and End Freq = 0.1592 in the AC Sweep box. Upon simulation,
the output file includes
from which,
FREQ
IM(V_PRINT4)
IP(V_PRINT4)
1.592 E01
1.421 E+00
1.355 E+02
Io = 1.421135.5 A
The schematic is shown below. Pseudocomponents IPRINT and PRINT are inserted to
measure IaA and VBN. In the AC Sweep box, we set Total Pts = 1, Start Freq = 0.1592,
and End Freq = 0.1592. Once the circuit is simulated, we get an output file which
includes
FREQ
VM(2)
VP(2)
1.592 E01
2.308 E+02
1.334 E+02
FREQ
IM(V_PRINT2)
IP(V_PRINT2)
1.592 E01
1.115 E+01
3.699 E+01
from which
IaA = 11.1537 A, VBN = 230.8133.4 V
From which
FREQ
IM(V_PRINT2)
IP(V_PRINT2)
6.000 E+01
5.960 E+00
9.141 E+01
FREQ
IM(V_PRINT1)
IP(V_PRINT1)
6.000 E+01
7.333 E+07
1.200 E+02
1
= 0.0333 F
X
.
When the file is saved and run, we obtain an output file which includes the following:
FREQ
1.592E-01
FREQ
1.592E-01
IM(V_PRINT1)IP(V_PRINT1)
1.867E+01
1.589E+02
IM(V_PRINT2)IP(V_PRINT2)
1.238E+01
1.441E+02
IM(V_PRINT1)
IP(V_PRINT1)
1.592 E01
4.710 E+00
7.138 E+01
FREQ
IM(V_PRINT2)
IP(V_PRINT2)
1.592 E01
6.781 E+07
1.426 E+02
FREQ
IM(V_PRINT3)
IP(V_PRINT3)
1.592 E01
3.898 E+00
5.076 E+00
FREQ
IM(V_PRINT4)
IP(V_PRINT4)
1.592 E01
3.547 E+00
6.157 E+01
FREQ
IM(V_PRINT5)
IP(V_PRINT5)
1.592 E01
1.357 E+00
9.781 E+01
FREQ
IM(V_PRINT6)
IP(V_PRINT6)
1.592 E01
3.831 E+00
1.649 E+02
Thus,
FREQ
IM(V_PRINT1)
IP(V_PRINT1)
1.592 E01
6.581 E+00
9.866 E+01
FREQ
IM(V_PRINT2)
IP(V_PRINT2)
1.592 E01
1.140 E+01
1.113 E+02
FREQ
IM(V_PRINT3)
IP(V_PRINT3)
1.592 E01
6.581 E+00
3.866 E+01
VL
Vp =
(b)
208
(a)
= 120 V
I1 =
120 0
= 2.50 A
48
I2 =
120 - 120
= 3 - 120 A
40
I3 =
120120
= 2120 A
60
3
3
- I N = I 1 + I 2 + I 3 = 2.5 + (3) - 0.5 j + (2) - 0.5 + j
2
2
IN = j
3
= j0.866 = 0.86690 A
2
Hence,
I1 = 2.5 A ,
(c)
I2 = 3 A ,
I3 = 2 A ,
PT = P1 + P2 + P3 = 900 W
(a)
(b)
24,000
= 200 A
120
Ib =
15,000
= 125 A
120
Ic =
9,000
= 75 A
120
If we let
I N = 0.866 A
I a = I a 0 = 2000 A
I b = 125 - 120 A
I c = 75120 A
Then,
- I N = Ia + Ib + Ic
3
3
- I N = 200 + (125) - 0.5 j + (75) - 0.5 + j
2
2
- I N = 100 86.602 A
I N = 132.3 A
Chapter 12, Solution 68.
(a)
S = 3 VL I L = 3 (330)(8.4) = 4801 VA
(b)
P = S cos
pf = cos =
pf =
P
S
4500
= 0.9372
4801.24
(c)
(d)
Vp =
VL
3
330
3
= 190.53 V
pf =
S3 = 0.8 MVA
3.26
P
=
= 0.9833
S 3.3153
Qc = P(tan old tan new ) = 3.26[tan(cos 1 0.9833) tan(cos 1 0.99) = 0.1379 MVA
1
x0.1379 x10 6
3
C=
= 28 mF
2x60 x6.6 2 x10 6
tan =
Q T - 1600
=
= -2
= -63.43
PT
800
VL 240
=
= 40
IL
6
Z p = 40 - 63.43
(a)
Vab 2080
=
= 10.4 0
20
Z Ab
I BC =
Vbc
208 - 120
= 14.708 - 75
=
Z BC 10 2 - 45
I CA =
Vca
208120
= 16 97.38
=
Z CA 1322.62
I aA = I AB I CA = 10.40 1697.38
I aA = 10.4 + 2.055 j15.867
I aA = 20.171 - 51.87
I cC = I CA I BC = 1697.83 14.708 - 75
I cC = 30.64 101.03
(b)
PT = P1 + P2 = 7398.17 W
I aA = 30180 A
and
I1
Ia
240-60 V
Z
Z
240-120 V
I2
Ib
Ic
Z = 10 + j30 = 31.6271.57
Ia =
240 - 60
= 7.59 - 131.57
31.6271.57
Ib =
240 - 120
= 7.59 - 191.57
31.6271.57
- 240
= 7.59108.43
31.6271.57
I 1 = I a I c = 13.146 - 101.57
I 2 = I b + I c = 13.146138.43
P1 = Re [ V1 I 1* ] = Re [ (240 - 60)(13.146 101.57) ] = 2360 W
P2 = Re [ V2 I *2 ] = Re [ (240 - 120)(13.146 - 138.43) ] = - 632.8 W
2080 V
208-60 V
I1
I2
For mesh 1,
208 = 2 Z I 1 Z I 2
For mesh 2,
- 208 - 60 = - Z I 1 + 2 Z I 2
In matrix form,
2 Z - Z I 1
208
- 208 - 60 = - Z 2 Z I
2
= 3Z 2 ,
1 = (208)(1.5 + j0.866) Z ,
2 = (208)( j1.732) Z
I1 =
1 (208)(1.5 + j0.866)
=
= 1.78956.56
(3)(60 j30)
I2 =
2 (208)( j1.732)
=
= 1.79116.56
(3)(60 j30)
I=
V 12
=
= 20 mA
R 600
(b)
I=
V 120
=
= 200 mA
R 600
2
Power loss = I 2 R = 120
2
P R
240 2
Since
1
1
, the losses in the 120-V appliance are higher.
2 >
120
240 2
pf = 0.85
cos 1 =
51
= 0.85
1 = 31.79
60
cos 2 = 0.95
2 = 18.19
S2 =
P2
= 53.68 kVA
cos 2
Qc
= 4.95 kVAR
3
Q c1
4950
= 67.82 F
2 =
V
(2 )(60)(440) 2
Ia
A
+
Van
ZY = 12 + j5
n
Ia =
N
Van
2550
=
= 17.15 - 19.65 A
Z Y + 2 14 + j5
Thus,
(1)
But
S = 3VL I L = 3 (208)(84.6)(0.8 + j 0.6) VA = 24.383 + j18.287 kVA
(2)
pf = 0.8 (leading)
1 = -36.87
S1 = 150 - 36.87 kVA
pf = 1.0
2 = 0
S 2 = 100 0 kVA
pf = 0.6 (lagging)
3 = 53.13
S 3 = 20053.13 kVA
S 4 = 80 + j95 kVA
S = S1 + S 2 + S 3 + S 4
S = 420 + j165 = 451.221.45 kVA
S = 3 VL I L
S L = 3 I 2L Z L = (3)(542.7) 2 (0.02 +
S L = 17.67 + j44.18 kVA
At the source,
S T = S + S L = 437.7 + j209.2
S T = 485.125.55 kVA
VT =
ST
3 IL
485.1 10 3
3 542.7
= 516 V
S2 = 3
V 2p
Z*p
I *1 =
S1
3VL
Vp =
VL
3
I 1 = 76.98 j 57.735
2400
3 30 o = 273.1 j 289.76
10 + j8
I = I 1 + I 2 = 350 j 347.5
| Vs |= 5.372 kV
S 2 = 80 kVA
But | S |= 3VL I L
IL =
|S|
3VL
152.49 x10 3
3 x 480
= 183.42 A
IL =
3 VL
4000
440 3
= 5.248 A
PLi 800
=
= 3.15 A
Vp 254
Ia
a
IC
+
Vab
I1
Ib
-jXC
I2
Ic
c
I3
ILi
In
If Van = Vp 0 ,
Vab = 3 Vp 30
Vcn = Vp 120
IC =
Vab
= 4.091120
-j X C
I1 =
Vab
= 4.091( + 30)
Z
I 3 = 5.249193.95
I Li =
Vcn
= 3.15120
R
Thus,
I a = I 1 + I C = 5.24973.95 + 4.091120
I a = 8.60893.96 A
I b = I 2 I C = 5.249 - 46.05 4.091120
I b = 9.271 - 52.16 A
I c = I 3 + I Li = 5.249193.95 + 3.15120
I c = 6.827 167.6 A
I n = - I Li = 3.15 - 60 A
ZY = R
Vp =
VL
3
240
3
= 138.56 V
Vp2
27
P = Vp I p =
= 9 kW =
2
R
R=
Vp2
(138.56) 2
= 2.133
9000
Z Y = 2.133
Thus,
A
+
1200 V rms
I1
24 j2
1
n
N
I2
1200 V rms
15 + j4
1
b
(1)
(2)
In matrix form,
120 26 j2
- 1 I 1
120 = - 1
17 + j4 I 2
= 449 + j70 ,
1 = (120)(18 + j4) ,
2 = (120)(27 j2)
I1 =
454.42 8.86
I2 =
454.42 8.86
I aA = I 1 = 4.87 3.67 A
I bB = - I 2 = 7.15166.9 A
I nN = I 2 I 1 =
I nN =
2 1
(120)(9 j6)
= 2.856 - 42.55 A
449 + j70
L = 50 mH
jL = j (2)(60)(5010 -3 ) = j18.85
Consider the circuit below.
1
115 V
I1
20
2
15 + j18.85
115 V
I2
30
2
- 20 - 30 65 + j18.85 I 3 0
= 12,775 + j14,232 ,
2 = (115)(1825 + j471.3) ,
(1)
(2)
(3)
1 = (115)(1975 + j659.8)
3 = (115)(1450)
I1 =
1 115 208218.47
=
= 12.52 - 29.62
1921448.09
I2 =
19124 48.09
I n = I 2 I1 =
2 1 (115)(-150 j188.5)
=
= 1.448 - 176.6 A
12,775 + j14,231.75