Jet engine

Jet engine is used in plane and rocket. The diagram above shows the structure of jet
engine including air compressor, fuel spray, shaft, and turbine and exhaust nozzle. As the
following, the working principle of jet engine is described in detail. Firstly, the air is
sucked then compressed by a compressor to reach high pressure. Secondly, the air goes
into a internal combustion chamber where a fuel injector sprays fuel to create a mixture
of fuel and air. This mixture is under high pressure and explode. Therefore, the air is push
out, .hich make the turbine rotates. As the turbine rotate, the shaft also rotate
The image above shows how the air flows through the engine. The air goes through the
core of the engine as well as around the core. This causes some of the air to be very hot
and some to be cooler. The cooler air then mixes with the hot air at the engine exit area.
In the basic turbojet engine, air enters the front intake and is compressed, then
forced into combustion chambers where fuel is sprayed into it and the mixture is
ignited. Gases which form expand rapidly and are exhausted through the rear of the
combustion chambers. These gases exert equal force in all directions, providing
forward thrust as they escape to the rear. As the gases leave the engine, they pass
through a fan-like set of blades (turbine) which rotates the turbine shaft. This shaft,
in turn, rotates the compressor, thereby bringing in a fresh supply of air through the
intake.

The blast furnace is used to extract iron from iron ores. The blast furnace is
cylinder-shaped. It has five basic components: feedstock inlet, gas outlet, blast box,
iron tap and slag tap as shown in the diagram. Four ingredients are coke, crushed
iron ores, limestone and hot air to be mixed together. And then the mixture is
carried by a skip up the ramp and dropped from feedstock inlet into the heart of the
furnace. And the valve of the feedstock inlet closes. After that, hot air is blasted
into the furnace by the blast box. Coke contains carbon which is burnt by hot air to
create carbon dioxide or CO2. CO2 continues to react with the rest of coke and
becomes CO. The oxygen reduction happens as CO combines with oxygen in the

iron ore to create molten iron and carbon dioxide. The limestone decomposes to
form CaO and CO2. All of the CO2 moves upward and is discharged through the
gas outlet. CaO continues to combine with the impurities in the iron ore and create
slag (CaSiO3) which floats on the molten iron at the bottom of the furnace because
the molten slag is lighter than the molten iron. The molten iron is released through
iron tap and the slag will be tapped periodically through the slag tap.