BCP

SP-2007

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ii

SOURCE DOCUMENTS

iv

CHAPTER 1:
1.1
1.2

Objective and General Principles

Scope

CHAPTER 2:
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5

4.4
4.5

SEISMIC HAZARD
2-1
2-1
2-1
2-1
2-1

SITE CONSIDERATIONS

Scope
Potential Fault Rupture Hazard
Potential Liquefaction
Potential Landslide and Slope Instability
Sensitive Clays

CHAPTER 4:
4.1
4.2
4.3

1-1
1-1

Scope
Design Basis Ground Motion
Seismic Zones
Site-specific Hazard Analysis
Modeling of Ground Motion

CHAPTER 3:
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5

SCOPE

3-1
3-1
3-1
3-1
3-1

SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS

Symbols and Notations

Scope
Determination of Soil Conditions
4.3.1 Site Geology and Soil Characteristics
Soil Profile types
4.4.1 Scope
4.4.2 Definitions
Foundations Construction in Seismic Zones 3 and 4
4.5.1 General
4.5.2 Soil Capacity
4.5.3 Superstructure to Foundation Connection
4.5.4 Foundation Soil Interface
4.5.5 Special Requirements for Piles and Caissons

CHAPTER 5:

STRUCTURAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

DIVISION-I

General Design Requirements

5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5

Symbols and Notations

Scope
Definitions
Standards
Design

4-1
4-1
4-1
4-1
4-1
4-1
4-1
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4-3
4-3
4-4
4-4
4-4

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5-1
5-1
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5-2

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5.6
5.7

5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11

5.12

5.13

Table of Contents

5.5.1 General
5.5.2 Rationality
5.5.3 Erection of Structural Framing
Dead Loads
5.6.1 General
5.6.2 Partition Loads
Live Loads
5.7.1 General
5.7.2 Critical Distribution of Live Loads
5.7.3 Floor Live Loads
5.7.4 Roof Live Loads
5.7.5 Reduction of Live Loads
5.7.6 Alternate Floor Live Load Reduction
Snow Loads
Wind Loads
Earthquake Loads
Other Minimum Loads
5.11.1 General
5.11.2 Other Loads
5.11.3 Impact Loads
5.11.4 Anchorage of Concrete and Masonry Walls
5.11.5 Interior Wall Loads
5.11.6 Retaining Walls
5.11.7 Water Accumulation
5.11.8 Hydrostatic Uplift
5.11.9 Flood-resistant Construction
5.11.10 Heliport and Helistop Landing Areas
5.11.11 Prefabricated Construction
Combinations of Loads
5.12.1 General
5.12.2 Load Combinations Using Strength Design or Load and
Resistance Factor Design
5.12.3 Load Combinations Using Allowable Stress Design
5.12.4 Special Seismic Load Combinations
Deflection

DIVISION-II
5.14

5.15
5.16
5.17
5.18
5.19
5.20
5.21

5.22
5.23
5.24

5-9
5-9
5-9

Snow Loads

Snow Loads

DIVISION-III

5-2
5-2
5-3
5-3
5-3
5-3
5-3
5-3
5-3
5-3
5-4
5-5
5-6
5-6
5-6
5-6
5-6
5-6
5-6
5-7
5-7
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5-8
5-8
5-8
5-8

5-10
Wind Design

Symbols and Notations

General
Definitions
Basic Wind Speed
Exposure
Design Wind Pressures
Primary Frames and Systems
5.21.1 General
5.21.2 Method 1 (Normal Force Method)
5.21.3 Method 2 (Projected Area Method)
Elements and Components of Structure
Open Frame Towers
Miscellaneous Structures

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5.25

Table of Contents

Occupancy Categories

DIVISION-IV
5.26
5.27

5.28
5.29

5.30

5.31

5.32

5.33
5.34

5-13

Earthquake Design

Symbols and Notations

General
5.27.1 Purpose
5.27.2 Minimum Seismic Design
5.27.3 Seismic and Wind Design
Definitions
Criteria Selection
5.29.1 Basis for Design
5.29.2 Occupancy Categories
5.29.3 Site Geology and Soil Characteristics
5.29.4 Site Seismic Hazard Characteristics
5.29.5 Configuration Requirements
5.29.6 Structural Systems
5.29.7 Height Limits
5.29.8 Selection of Lateral-Force Procedure
5.29.9 System Limitations
5.29.10 Alternative Procedures
Minimum Design Lateral Forces and Related Effects
5.30.1 Earthquake Loads and Modeling Requirements
5.30.2 Static Force Procedure
5.30.3 Determination of Seismic Factors
5.30.4 Combinations of Structural Systems
5.30.5 Vertical Distribution of Force
5.30.6 Horizontal Distribution of Shear
5.30.7 Horizontal Torsional Moments
5.30.8 Overturning
5.30.9 Drift
5.30.10 Storey Drift Limitation
5.30.11 Vertical Component
Dynamic Analysis Procedure
5.31.1 General
5.31.2 Ground Motion
5.31.3 Mathematical Model
5.31.4 Description of Analysis Procedures
5.31.5 Response Spectrum Analysis
5.31.6 Time-history Analysis
Lateral Force on Elements of Structures, Nonstructural Components
and Equipment Supported by Structures
5.32.1 General
5.32.2 Design for Total Lateral Force
5.32.3 Specifying Lateral Forces
5.32.4 Relative Motion of Equipment Attachments
5.32.5 Alternative Designs
Detailed Systems Design Requirements
5.33.1 General
5.33.2 Structural Framing Systems
Nonbuilding Structures
5.34.1 General
5.34.2 Lateral Force
5.34.3 Rigid Structures
5.34.4 Tanks with Supported Bottoms

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Table of Contents

5.34.5 Other Nonbuilding Structures

Earthquake-Recording Instrumentations
5.35.1 General
5.35.2 Location
5.35.3 Maintenance
5.35.4 Instrumentation of Existing Buildings

CHAPTER 6:
6.1

6.2
6.3
6.4

7.1
7.2
7.3

7.4

7.5

7.6

STRUCTURAL TESTS AND INSPECTIONS

Special Inspections
6.1.1 General
6.1.2 Special Inspector
6.1.3 Duties and Responsibilities of the Special Inspector
6.1.4 Standards of Quality
6.1.5 Types of Work
6.1.6 Continuous and Periodic Special Inspection
6.1.7 Approved Fabricators
Structural Observation
Nondestructive Testing
Prefabricated Construction
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Tests of Materials
6.4.3 Tests of Assemblies
6.4.4 Connections
6.4.5 Pipes and Conduits
6.4.6 Certificate and Inspection

CHAPTER 7:

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5-42
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5-42
5-42

6-1
6-1
6-1
6-1
6-1
6-2
6-5
6-5
6-5
6-6
6-7
6-7
6-7
6-7
6-7
6-7
6-8

STRUCTURAL CONCRETE

Symbols and Notations

Definitions
General Requirements
7.3.1 Scope
7.3.2 Analysis and Proportioning of Structural Members
7.3.3 Strength Reduction Factors
7.3.4 Concrete in Members Resisting Earthquake Induced Forces
7.3.5 Reinforcement in Members Resisting EarthquakeInduced Forces
7.3.6 Welded Splices
7.3.7 Anchoring to Concrete
Flexural Members of Special Moment Frames
7.4.1 Scope
7.4.2 Longitudinal Reinforcement
7.4.3 Transverse Reinforcement
7.4.4 Shear Strength Requirements
Special Moment Frame Members Subjected to Bending and Axial Load
7.5.1 Scope
7.5.2 Minimum Flexural Strength of Columns
7.5.3 Longitudinal Reinforcement
7.5.4 Transverse Reinforcement
7.5.5 Shear Strength Requirements
Joints of Special Moment Frames
7.6.1 General Requirements
7.6.2 Transverse Reinforcement

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7.8

7.9
7.10

7.11

7.12
7.13
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Table of Contents

7.6.3 Shear Strength

7.6.4 Development Length of Bars in Tension
Special Moment Frames constructed using Precast Concrete
Special Reinforced Concrete Structural Walls and Coupling Beams
7.8.1 Scope
7.8.2 Reinforcement
7.8.3 Design Forces
7.8.4 Shear Strength
7.8.5 Design for Flexure and Axial Loads
7.8.6 Boundary Elements of Special Reinforced Concrete
Structural Walls
7.8.7 Coupling Beams
7.8.8 Construction Joints
7.8.9 Discontinuous Walls
Special Structural Walls Constructed using Precast Concrete
7.9.1 Cast-in-place Composite-topping Slab Diaphragms
Structural Diaphragms and Trusses
7.10.1 Scope
7.10.2 Cast-in-place Composite-topping Slab Diaphragms
7.10.3 Cast-in-place Topping Slab Diaphragms
7.10.4 Minimum Thickness of Diaphragms
7.10.5 Reinforcement
7.10.6 Design Forces
7.10.7 Shear Strength
7.10.8 Boundary Elements of Structural Diaphragms
Foundations
7.11.1 Scope
7.11.2 Footings, Foundation Mats, and Pile Caps
7.11.3 Grade Beams and Slabs on Grade
7.11.4 Piles, Piers and Caissons
Members not Designated as Part of the Lateral-force-resisting System
Requirements for Intermediate Moment Frames
Intermediate Precast Structural Walls

CHAPTER 8:
8.1

8.2
8.3.
8.4.
8.5.

8.6.

7-16
7-17
7-17
7-17
7-17
7-17
7-17
7-17
7-17
7-17
7-18
7-18
7-18
7-19
7-19
7-19
7-19
7-20
7-20
7-20
7-21
7-23

STRUCTURAL STEEL

Symbols & Notations

DIVISION-I

7-12
7-12
7-13
7-13
7-13
7-14
7-14
7-14
7-15
7-15

8-1

Structural Steel Buildings

Definitions
Scope
Loads, Load Combinations, and Nominal Strengths
8.4.1. Loads and Load Combinations
8.4.2. Nominal Strength
Structural Design Drawings and Specifications, Shop Drawings,
and Erection Drawings
8.5.1. Structural Design Drawings and Specifications
8.5.2. Shop Drawings
8.5.3. Erection Drawings
Materials
8.6.1. Material Specifications
8.6.2. Material Properties for Determination of Required
Strength of Members and Connections
8.6.3. Heavy Section CVN Requirements

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8.7.

8.8.

8.9.

8.10.

8.11.

8.12.

8.13.

Table of Contents

Connections, Joints, and Fasteners

8.7.1. Scope
8.7.2. Bolted Joints
8.7.3. Welded Joints
8.7.4. Protected Zone
8.7.5. Continuity Plates and Stiffeners
Members
8.8.1. Scope
8.8.2. Classification of Sections for Local Buckling
8.8.3. Column Strength
8.8.4. Column Splices
8.8.5. Column Bases
8.8.6. H-Piles
Special Moment Frames (SMF)
8.9.1. Scope
8.9.2. Beam-to-Column Connections
8.9.3. Panel Zone of Beam-to-Column Connections
(beam web parallel to column web)
8.9.4. Beam and Column Limitations
8.9.5. Continuity Plates
8.9.6. Column-Beam Moment Ratio
8.9.7. Lateral Bracing at Beam-to-Column Connections
8.9.8. Lateral Bracing of Beams
8.9.9. Column Splices
Intermediate Moment Frames (IMF)
8.10.1. Scope
8.10.2. Beam-to-Column Connections
8.10.3. Panel Zone of Beam-to-Column Connections
(beam web parallel to column web)
8.10.4. Beam and Column Limitations
8.10.5. Continuity Plates
8.10.6. Column-Beam Moment Ratio
8.10.7. Lateral Bracing at Beam-to-Column Connections
8.10.8. Lateral Bracing of Beams
8.10.9. Column Splices
Ordinary Moment Frames (OMF)
8.11.1. Scope
8.11.2. Beam-to-Column Connections
8.11.3. Panel Zone of Beam-to-Column Connections
(beam web parallel to column web)
8.11.4. Beam and Column Limitations
8.11.5. Continuity Plates
8.11.6. Column-Beam Moment Ratio
8.11.7. Lateral Bracing at Beam-to-Column Connections
8.11.8. Lateral Bracing of Beams
8.11.9. Column Splices
Special Truss Moment Frames (STMF)
8.12.1. Scope
8.12.2. Special Segment
8.12.3. Strength of Special Segment Members
8.12.4. Strength of Non-Special Segment Members
8.12.5. Width-Thickness Limitations
8.12.6. Lateral Bracing
Special Concentrically Braced Frames (SCBF)

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8.14.

8.15.

8.16.

8.17.

8.18.

Table of Contents

8.13.1. Scope
8.13.2. Members
8.13.3. Required Strength of Bracing Connections
8.13.4. Special Bracing Configuration Requirements
8.13.5. Column Splices
8.13.6. Protected Zone
Ordinary Concentrically Braced Frames (OCBF)
8.14.1. Scope
8.14.2. Bracing Members
8.14.3. Special Bracing Configuration Requirements
8.14.4. Bracing Connections
8.14.5. OCBF above Seismic Isolation Systems
Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBF)
8.15.1. Scope
8.15.2. Links
8.15.3. Link Stiffeners
8.15.4. Link-to-Column Connections
8.15.5. Lateral Bracing of Link
8.15.6. Diagonal Brace and Beam Outside of Link
8.15.7. Beam-to-Column Connections
8.15.8. Required Strength of Columns
8.15.9. Protected Zone
8.15.10. Demand Critical Welds
Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames (BRBF)
8.16.1. Scope
8.16.2. Bracing Members
8.16.3. Bracing Connections
8.16.4. Special Requirements Related to Bracing Configuration
8.16.5. Beams and Columns
8.16.6. Protected Zone
Special Plate Shear Walls (SPSW)
8.17.1. Scope
8.17.2. Webs
8.17.3. Connections of Webs to Boundary Elements
8.17.4. Horizontal and Vertical Boundary Elements
Quality Assurance Plan
8.18.1. Scope

DIVISION-II
8.19.
8.20.
8.21.
8.22.
8.23.
8.24.

8-28
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8-30
8-30
8-31
8-31
8-31
8-31
8-31
8-31
8-32
8-32
8-32
8-32
8-32
8-34
8-34
8-35
8-35
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Composite Structural Steel and

Reinforced Concrete Buildings

Definitions
Scope
General Seismic Design Requirements
Loads, Load Combinations, and Nominal Strengths
8.22.1. Loads and Load Combinations
8.22.2. Nominal Strength
Materials
8.23.1. Structural Steel
8.23.2. Concrete and Steel Reinforcement
Composite Members
8.24.1. Scope
8.24.2. Composite Floor and Roof Slabs
8.24.3. Composite Beams

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8.25.

8.26.

8.27

8.28.

8.29.

8.30.

8.31.

8.32.

8.33.

8.34.

Table of Contents

8.24.4. Encased Composite Columns

8.24.5. Filled Composite Columns
Composite Connections
8.25.1. Scope
8.25.2. General Requirements
8.25.3. Nominal Strength of Connections
Composite Partially Restrained (PR) Moment Frames (C-PRMF)
8.26.1. Scope
8.26.2. Columns
8.26.3. Composite Beams
8.26.4. Moment Connections
Composite Special Moment Frames (C-SMF)
8.27.1. Scope
8.27.2. Columns
8.27.3. Beams
8.27.4. Moment Connections
8.27.5. Column-Beam Moment Ratio
Composite Intermediate Moment Frames (C-IMF)
8.28.1. Scope
8.28.2. Columns
8.28.3. Beams
8.28.4. Moment Connections
Composite Ordinary Moment Frames (C-OMF)
8.29.1. Scope
8.29.2. Columns
8.29.3. Beams
8.29.4. Moment Connections
Composite Special Concentrically Braced Frames (C-CBF)
8.30.1. Scope
8.30.2. Columns
8.30.3. Beams
8.30.4. Braces
8.30.5. Connections
Composite Ordinary Braced Frames (C-OBF)
8.31.1. Scope
8.31.2. Columns
8.31.3. Beams
8.31.4. Braces
8.31.5. Connections
Composite Eccentrically Braced Frames (C-EBF)
8.32.1. Scope
8.32.2. Columns
8.32.3. Links
8.32.4. Braces
8.32.5. Connections
Ordinary Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls Composite with 6
Structural Steel Elements (C-ORCW)
8.33.1. Scope
8.33.2. Boundary Members
8.33.3. Steel Coupling Beams
8.33.4. Encased Composite Coupling Beams
Special Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls Composite with
Structural Steel Elements (C-SRCW)
8.34.1. Scope
8.34.2. Boundary Members

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8.35.

8.36.
8.37.

Table of Contents

8.34.3. Steel Coupling Beams

8.34.4. Encased Composite Coupling Beams
Composite Steel Plate Shear Walls (C-SPW)
8.35.1. Scope
8.35.2. Wall Elements
8.35.3. Boundary Members
8.35.4. Openings
Structural Design Drawings and Specifications, Shop Drawings,
and Erection Drawings
Quality Assurance Plan

CHAPTER 9:
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4

9.5

9.6

9.7

9.8
9.9

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8-59

MASONRY

Symbols and Notations

Scope
9.2.1 Design Methods
Definitions
Material Standards
9.4.1 Quality
9.4.2 Standards of Quality
9.4.3 Mortar and Grout
9.4.4 Mortar
9.4.5 Grout
9.4.6 Additives and Admixtures
9.4.7 Construction
9.4.8 Cold-weather Construction
9.4.9 Placing Masonry Units
9.4.10 Reinforcement Placing
9.4.11 Grouted Masonry
9.4.12 Aluminum Equipment
9.4.13 Joint Reinforcement
Quality Assurance
9.5.1 General
9.5.2 Scope
9.5.3 Compliance with f 'm
9.5.4 Mortar Testing
9.5.5 Grout Testing
General Design Requirements
9.6.1 General.
9.6.2 Working Stress Design and Strength Design
Requirements for Unreinforced and Reinforced Masonry.
9.6.3 Working Stress Design and Strength Design
Requirements for Reinforced Masonry
Working Stress Design of Masonry
9.7.1 General.
9.7.2 Design of Reinforced Masonry
9.7.3 Design of Unreinforced Masonry
Strength Design of Masonry
9.8.1 General
9.8.2 Reinforced Masonry
Empirical Design
9.9.1 Symbols and Notations
9.9.2 Definitions
9.9.3 Materials
9.9.4 Design Consideration

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Table of Contents

9.9.5
9.9.6
9.9.7
9.9.8
9.9.9
9.9.10
9.9.11
9.9.12
9.9.13
9.9.14
9.9.15
9.9.16
9.9.17

Design Loads
Load Dispersion
Arching Action
Lintels
Permissible Stresses
Design Thickness/Cross-Section
General Requirements
Minimum Thickness of Walls from Consideration
other than Structural
Workmanship
Joints to Control Deformation and Cracking
Chases, Recesses and Holes
Corbelling
Special Consideration in Earthquake Zones

CHAPTER 10:
10.1
10.2

10.3

10.4

11.1
11.2

11.3

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ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS

Symbols and Notations

Seismic Loads Applied to Architectural Components
10.2.1 Component Force Application
10.2.2 Component Force Transfer
10.2.3 Architectural Component Deformation
10.2.4 Out-of-Plane Bending
Suspended Ceilings
10.3.1 Seismic Forces
10.3.2 Integral Construction
10.3.3 Access Floors
Partitions
10.4.1 General
10.4.2 Glass in Glazed Curtain Walls, Glazed Storefronts and
Glazed Partitions

CHAPTER 11:

9-57
9-58
9-58
9-58
9-58
9-60
9-62

10-1
10-1
10-1
10-1
10-1
10-1
10-2
10-2
10-2
10-2
10-3
10-3
10-3

MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

Symbols and Notations

Seismic Loads applied to Mechanical and Electrical Components
11.2.1 Component Force Application
11.2.2 Component Force Transfer
11.2.3 Component Period
11.2.4 Component Attachment
Elevator Design Requirements

11-1
11-1
11-1
11-2
11-2
11-2
11-2

REFERENCES
APPENDIX-A
A.1
A.2

A.3
A.3.1
A.3.2

BACKGROUND FOR SEISMIC ZONING MAP

Symbols and Notations

Overview
A.2.1 General
A.2.2 Major Faults of Pakistan
A.2.3 Seismicity
Seismic Hazard Evaluation Procedure
PSHA Methodology
Source Modeling Area and Fault Seismic Sources

xv

A-1
A-1
A-1
A-1
A-2
A-3
A-3
A-3

BCP
SP-2007

A.3.3
A.3.4
A.3.5
A.3.6

Table of Contents

Earthquake Recurrence Model

Maximum Magnitude
Attenuation Equations
Results of PSHA

A-4
A-5
A-5
A-5

xvi