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Altas,
hydrothermal
alteration,
1 Introduction
The Sierra Vaquillas Altas area is located in the
Precordillera of the southern part of the Antofagasta
Region, in northern Chile (2500-2530 S; 69306900W). The studied area covers approximately 2.790
km2, and it extends mainly along the Domeyko Cordillera,
including geologic record from the Ordovician to the
Quaternary. It can be divided in two structural- lithological
domains: a northern domain is characterized by thickskinned deformation style, related to uplift of Paleozoic
granitic complexes and its effusive equivalent (La Tabla
Formation) by deep reverse faults, and a southern domain
where a thin-skinned deformation style prevails, affecting
Mesozoic and Cenozoic volcanic and sedimentary
sequences. These domains are separated by a inferred NWSE trending lineament (Culampaja lineament) that extends
through the Central Andes of Chile and Argentina (Riller,
2001)
As part of the geological mapping program (Plan Nacional
de Geologia, PNG) by SERNAGEOMIN, we have carried
out a study of hydrothermal alteration, which consider, (1)
spectral interpretation of different band combinations for
Landsat ETM and ASTER imagery; (2) field data that
shows the existence of hydrothermal alterations
associations near to several stocks/hypabyssal intrusions
and reverse faults (e.g: El Profeta) and (3) X-ray
diffraction on powdered rocks and thin-polished sections
analyses. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate that
the remote sensing provides initial information about the
properties of hydrothermal altered rocks, thus allowing the
Metodology
Results
Discussions
Conclusions
Considering
that
the
orebody-type
(epithermal,
mesothermal and porphyry deposits) depends on the
crustal depth and temperature (Corbett & Leach, 1998;
Sillitoe, 2010); in Sierra Vaquillas Altas, hydrothermal
alteration found is closely related to uplift and denudation
of crustal blocks, in response to tectonic events which, in
several cases, is well distinguished by spectral data.
Specifically, toward the north of Quebrada Vaquillas the
hydrothermal alteration pattern recognized indicate mainly
hypothermal-near to magmatic conditions, formed at
relatively high temperature and pressure, whereas toward
the south of Quebrada Vaquillas, the hydrothermal
alteration recognized shows relatively shallower crustal
levels, related to hypothermal-near to mesothermal, and
epithermal paleoenviroments.
Therefore, Aster and Landsat ETM+ data provide
mineralogical-structural information that could be helpful
with initial identification of probable hydrothermal
affected areas. Using these results can reduce the time of
field evaluation. Nevertheless, the validation of this
information by geological field data is fundamental for
supporting interpretations of geologic controls of
alteration.
6
Acknowledgements
References
Figure 1: Landsat 8 Red-Green-Blue (RGB) 7, 4 and 1 band composition, optimized by saturation stretch method of
Vaquillas Altas area. Hydrothermal altered rocks are represented by white, cyan and light green colors in the Landsat ETM image.