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Cellular Telecommunications
Architecture
Background
Air Interfaces
Network Protocols
Application: Messaging
Research
GSM
Structure
Broadcast Channels
Traffic Channel
Structure Handoffs
GSM Structure
Traffic Channel (per user in a call)
Information transfer
TDMA Frame:
Slot 0
Slot 1
Slot 2
Slot 3
Slot 4
Slot 5
...
Slot 6
Slot 7
Frame 50
51 Multiframe:
235.365 msec
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Frame:
4.615ms
GSM CCCH
Reverse
(MS BS)
Forward
(BS
MS)
Forward
(BS
MS)
Forward
(BS
MS)
Forward
(BS
MS)
Random Access
Control Channel
(RACH)
Paging and
Access Grant
Channel (PAGCH)
Broadcast
Control
Channel
(BCCH)
Synchronization
Channel
(SCH)
Frequency
Correction
Channel
(FCCH)
PCH
AGCH
TDMA Frame:
Slot 0
Slot 1
Slot 2
Slot 3
Slot 4
Slot 5
...
Slot 6
Slot 7
51 Multiframe:
235.365 msec
Frame 50
Downlink
RACH (0)
...
RACH (50)
PAGCH (12-19)
PAGCH (22-29)
PAGCH (11)
FCCH (30) SCH (31)
PAGCH (32-39)
FCCH (40) SCH (41)
PAGCH (42-49)
I (50)
CCCH/RACH always uses Slot 0 of each frame; other seven slots for TCH
TCH: 26 multi-frame repeats every 120 msec (13th and 16th frames are used by
Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH) or is idle
10
GSM: BCCH
No addressing
Used to acquire system parameters, so mobile may operate
with the system.
11
Broadcasts Basestation ID
12
Functions:
Call Origination
13
14
Operation
when node obtains fresh frame,
it transmits in next slot
no collision, node successfully
transmitted the frame
if collision, node retransmits
frame in each subsequent slot
with prob. p until success
15
Pros
Cons
collisions, wasting slots
idle slots
nodes may be able to
detect collision in less than
time to transmit packet
clock synchronization
16
For max efficiency with N
nodes, find p* that
maximizes
Np(1-p)N-1
For many nodes, take limit
of Np*(1-p*)N-1 as N goes
to infinity, gives 1/e = .37
At best: channel
has maximum
throughput of
37%!
17
Mobile
Basestation
18
19
GSM Signaling
20
21
GSM Registration
Types
Periodic
User Privacy
22
Get SDCCH
RR connection established
Authenticate
Cipher
UpdateLocation
Release RR connection
23
Get SDCCH
RR connection established
LOC UPD RQST
Authentication Request (RAND)
Authentication Response (SRES)
Cipher Mode
Cipher Mode Complete
LOC UPD ACC (TMSI Assigned)
TMSI RE-ALLOC Complete
Release RR connection
24
Channel Request
Channel Assignment
RR connection
established
Get SDCCH
SABM(Page Response)
UA(Page Response)
25
Channel Assignment
RR connection
established
Get SDCCH
Channel Request
RR connection
release
Georgia Tech Information Security Center (GTISC)
Wednesday, September 26, 12
Assignment Command
Assignment Complete
Connect
Connect ACK
26
Old BS
New BS
Measurement Report
Measurement Report
Measurement Report
Measurement Report
Handoff Order
Handoff Access
Handoff Access
Handoff Complete
27
28
Practice
VLR
L = 80 miles
=150 users/mi2
v = 45 miles/hour
29
Example
150
1 hour
3600 secs
= 48 crossings/sec
45
80
30
Example, cont
Total Load
Conclusion
31
Bi-directional
Acknowledged Service
Store-and-Forward Service
140 octets/160 characters (concatenation possible)
Uses SDCCH signaling channel
Two services - cell broadcast and point to point
32
Page
Page Response
SMS Delivery
33
Page
Page Response
CP-Data (RP-Data (SMS Delivery))
CP-ACK
CP-Data (RP-ACK)
CP-ACK
34
IS-54/IS-136/D-AMPS
digital, TDMA
IS-95
digital, CDMA
CDMA2000
3G
UMTS
W-CDMA
3G
35
IS-54/IS-136
36
IS-95
37
BS
BSC
RNC/
PCF
RNC/PCF
PDSN
AAA
HLR
AAA
PSTN
PDSN
BS
VLR
MSC
HA
Internet
BSC
MSC
AAA