result in the perfection of the contract of loan.

The Civil Code provides that

the delivery of bills of exchange and mercantile documents, such as checks, shal
l produce the effect of payment only when they have been encashed (Gerales vs. C
A 218 SCRA 638). It is only after the checks have produced the effect of paymen
t that the contract of loan may be deemed perfected.
?
The obligation is to pay and not to return because the consumption of the
thing loaned is the distinguishing character of the contract of mutuum from that
of commodatum.
?
No estafa is committed by a person who refuses to pay his debt or denies
its existence.
Simple Loan/Mutuum

Rent

1. Delivery of money or some consumable thing with a promise to pay an equivalen

t of the same kind and quality
Delivery of some non-consumable thing in order that the other may use it during
a certain period and return it to the former.
result in the perfection of the contract of loan. The Civil Code provides that
the delivery of bills of exchange and mercantile documents, such as checks, shal
l produce the effect of payment only when they have been encashed (Gerales vs. C
A 218 SCRA 638). It is only after the checks have produced the effect of paymen
t that the contract of loan may be deemed perfected.
?
The obligation is to pay and not to return because the consumption of the
thing loaned is the distinguishing character of the contract of mutuum from that
of commodatum.
?
No estafa is committed by a person who refuses to pay his debt or denies
its existence.
Simple Loan/Mutuum

Rent

1. Delivery of money or some consumable thing with a promise to pay an equivalen

t of the same kind and quality
Delivery of some non-consumable thing in order that the other may use it during
a certain period and return it to the former.
result in the perfection of the contract of loan. The Civil Code provides that
the delivery of bills of exchange and mercantile documents, such as checks, shal
l produce the effect of payment only when they have been encashed (Gerales vs. C
A 218 SCRA 638). It is only after the checks have produced the effect of paymen
t that the contract of loan may be deemed perfected.
?
The obligation is to pay and not to return because the consumption of the
thing loaned is the distinguishing character of the contract of mutuum from that
of commodatum.
?
No estafa is committed by a person who refuses to pay his debt or denies
its existence.
Simple Loan/Mutuum

Rent

1. Delivery of money or some consumable thing with a promise to pay an equivalen

t of the same kind and quality
Delivery of some non-consumable thing in order that the other may use it during
a certain period and return it to the former.
result in the perfection of the contract of loan. The Civil Code provides that
the delivery of bills of exchange and mercantile documents, such as checks, shal
l produce the effect of payment only when they have been encashed (Gerales vs. C
A 218 SCRA 638). It is only after the checks have produced the effect of paymen
t that the contract of loan may be deemed perfected.
?
The obligation is to pay and not to return because the consumption of the
thing loaned is the distinguishing character of the contract of mutuum from that
of commodatum.
?
No estafa is committed by a person who refuses to pay his debt or denies

its existence.
Simple Loan/Mutuum

Rent

1. Delivery of money or some consumable thing with a promise to pay an equivalen

t of the same kind and quality
Delivery of some non-consumable thing in order that the other may use it during
a certain period and return it to the former.
result in the perfection of the contract of loan. The Civil Code provides that
the delivery of bills of exchange and mercantile documents, such as checks, shal
l produce the effect of payment only when they have been encashed (Gerales vs. C
A 218 SCRA 638). It is only after the checks have produced the effect of paymen
t that the contract of loan may be deemed perfected.
?
The obligation is to pay and not to return because the consumption of the
thing loaned is the distinguishing character of the contract of mutuum from that
of commodatum.
?
No estafa is committed by a person who refuses to pay his debt or denies
its existence.
Simple Loan/Mutuum

Rent

1. Delivery of money or some consumable thing with a promise to pay an equivalen

t of the same kind and quality
Delivery of some non-consumable thing in order that the other may use it during
a certain period and return it to the former.
result in the perfection of the contract of loan. The Civil Code provides that
the delivery of bills of exchange and mercantile documents, such as checks, shal
l produce the effect of payment only when they have been encashed (Gerales vs. C
A 218 SCRA 638). It is only after the checks have produced the effect of paymen
t that the contract of loan may be deemed perfected.
?
The obligation is to pay and not to return because the consumption of the
thing loaned is the distinguishing character of the contract of mutuum from that
of commodatum.
?
No estafa is committed by a person who refuses to pay his debt or denies
its existence.
Simple Loan/Mutuum

Rent

1. Delivery of money or some consumable thing with a promise to pay an equivalen

t of the same kind and quality
Delivery of some non-consumable thing in order that the other may use it during
a certain period and return it to the former.
result in the perfection of the contract of loan. The Civil Code provides that
the delivery of bills of exchange and mercantile documents, such as checks, shal
l produce the effect of payment only when they have been encashed (Gerales vs. C
A 218 SCRA 638). It is only after the checks have produced the effect of paymen
t that the contract of loan may be deemed perfected.
?
The obligation is to pay and not to return because the consumption of the
thing loaned is the distinguishing character of the contract of mutuum from that
of commodatum.
?
No estafa is committed by a person who refuses to pay his debt or denies
its existence.
Simple Loan/Mutuum

Rent

1. Delivery of money or some consumable thing with a promise to pay an equivalen

t of the same kind and quality
Delivery of some non-consumable thing in order that the other may use it during
a certain period and return it to the former.
result in the perfection of the contract of loan. The Civil Code provides that

the delivery of bills of exchange and mercantile documents, such as checks, shal
l produce the effect of payment only when they have been encashed (Gerales vs. C
A 218 SCRA 638). It is only after the checks have produced the effect of paymen
t that the contract of loan may be deemed perfected.
?
The obligation is to pay and not to return because the consumption of the
thing loaned is the distinguishing character of the contract of mutuum from that
of commodatum.
?
No estafa is committed by a person who refuses to pay his debt or denies
its existence.
Simple Loan/Mutuum

Rent

1. Delivery of money or some consumable thing with a promise to pay an equivalen

t of the same kind and quality
Delivery of some non-consumable thing in order that the other may use it during
a certain period and return it to the former.
result in the perfection of the contract of loan. The Civil Code provides that
the delivery of bills of exchange and mercantile documents, such as checks, shal
l produce the effect of payment only when they have been encashed (Gerales vs. C
A 218 SCRA 638). It is only after the checks have produced the effect of paymen
t that the contract of loan may be deemed perfected.
?
The obligation is to pay and not to return because the consumption of the
thing loaned is the distinguishing character of the contract of mutuum from that
of commodatum.
?
No estafa is committed by a person who refuses to pay his debt or denies
its existence.
Simple Loan/Mutuum

Rent

1. Delivery of money or some consumable thing with a promise to pay an equivalen

t of the same kind and quality
Delivery of some non-consumable thing in order that the other may use it during
a certain period and return it to the former.
result in the perfection of the contract of loan. The Civil Code provides that
the delivery of bills of exchange and mercantile documents, such as checks, shal
l produce the effect of payment only when they have been encashed (Gerales vs. C
A 218 SCRA 638). It is only after the checks have produced the effect of paymen
t that the contract of loan may be deemed perfected.
?
The obligation is to pay and not to return because the consumption of the
thing loaned is the distinguishing character of the contract of mutuum from that
of commodatum.
?
No estafa is committed by a person who refuses to pay his debt or denies
its existence.
Simple Loan/Mutuum

Rent

1. Delivery of money or some consumable thing with a promise to pay an equivalen

t of the same kind and quality
Delivery of some non-consumable thing in order that the other may use it during
a certain period and return it to the former.
result in the perfection of the contract of loan. The Civil Code provides that
the delivery of bills of exchange and mercantile documents, such as checks, shal
l produce the effect of payment only when they have been encashed (Gerales vs. C
A 218 SCRA 638). It is only after the checks have produced the effect of paymen
t that the contract of loan may be deemed perfected.
?
The obligation is to pay and not to return because the consumption of the
thing loaned is the distinguishing character of the contract of mutuum from that
of commodatum.
?
No estafa is committed by a person who refuses to pay his debt or denies
its existence.

Simple Loan/Mutuum

Rent

1. Delivery of money or some consumable thing with a promise to pay an equivalen

t of the same kind and quality
Delivery of some non-consumable thing in order that the other may use it during
a certain period and return it to the former.
result in the perfection of the contract of loan. The Civil Code provides that
the delivery of bills of exchange and mercantile documents, such as checks, shal
l produce the effect of payment only when they have been encashed (Gerales vs. C
A 218 SCRA 638). It is only after the checks have produced the effect of paymen
t that the contract of loan may be deemed perfected.
?
The obligation is to pay and not to return because the consumption of the
thing loaned is the distinguishing character of the contract of mutuum from that
of commodatum.
?
No estafa is committed by a person who refuses to pay his debt or denies
its existence.
Simple Loan/Mutuum

Rent

1. Delivery of money or some consumable thing with a promise to pay an equivalen

t of the same kind and quality
Delivery of some non-consumable thing in order that the other may use it during
a certain period and return it to the former.
result in the perfection of the contract of loan. The Civil Code provides that
the delivery of bills of exchange and mercantile documents, such as checks, shal
l produce the effect of payment only when they have been encashed (Gerales vs. C
A 218 SCRA 638). It is only after the checks have produced the effect of paymen
t that the contract of loan may be deemed perfected.
?
The obligation is to pay and not to return because the consumption of the
thing loaned is the distinguishing character of the contract of mutuum from that
of commodatum.
?
No estafa is committed by a person who refuses to pay his debt or denies
its existence.
Simple Loan/Mutuum

Rent

1. Delivery of money or some consumable thing with a promise to pay an equivalen

t of the same kind and quality
Delivery of some non-consumable thing in order that the other may use it during
a certain period and return it to the former.
result in the perfection of the contract of loan. The Civil Code provides that
the delivery of bills of exchange and mercantile documents, such as checks, shal
l produce the effect of payment only when they have been encashed (Gerales vs. C
A 218 SCRA 638). It is only after the checks have produced the effect of paymen
t that the contract of loan may be deemed perfected.
?
The obligation is to pay and not to return because the consumption of the
thing loaned is the distinguishing character of the contract of mutuum from that
of commodatum.
?
No estafa is committed by a person who refuses to pay his debt or denies
its existence.
Simple Loan/Mutuum

Rent

1. Delivery of money or some consumable thing with a promise to pay an equivalen

t of the same kind and quality
Delivery of some non-consumable thing in order that the other may use it during
a certain period and return it to the former.
result in the perfection of the contract of loan. The Civil Code provides that
the delivery of bills of exchange and mercantile documents, such as checks, shal

l produce the effect of payment only when they have been encashed (Gerales vs. C
A 218 SCRA 638). It is only after the checks have produced the effect of paymen
t that the contract of loan may be deemed perfected.
?
The obligation is to pay and not to return because the consumption of the
thing loaned is the distinguishing character of the contract of mutuum from that
of commodatum.
?
No estafa is committed by a person who refuses to pay his debt or denies
its existence.
Simple Loan/Mutuum

Rent

1. Delivery of money or some consumable thing with a promise to pay an equivalen

t of the same kind and quality
Delivery of some non-consumable thing in order that the other may use it during
a certain period and return it to the former.
result in the perfection of the contract of loan. The Civil Code provides that
the delivery of bills of exchange and mercantile documents, such as checks, shal
l produce the effect of payment only when they have been encashed (Gerales vs. C
A 218 SCRA 638). It is only after the checks have produced the effect of paymen
t that the contract of loan may be deemed perfected.
?
The obligation is to pay and not to return because the consumption of the
thing loaned is the distinguishing character of the contract of mutuum from that
of commodatum.
?
No estafa is committed by a person who refuses to pay his debt or denies
its existence.
Simple Loan/Mutuum

Rent

1. Delivery of money or some consumable thing with a promise to pay an equivalen

t of the same kind and quality
Delivery of some non-consumable thing in order that the other may use it during
a certain period and return it to the former.
result in the perfection of the contract of loan. The Civil Code provides that
the delivery of bills of exchange and mercantile documents, such as checks, shal
l produce the effect of payment only when they have been encashed (Gerales vs. C
A 218 SCRA 638). It is only after the checks have produced the effect of paymen
t that the contract of loan may be deemed perfected.
?
The obligation is to pay and not to return because the consumption of the
thing loaned is the distinguishing character of the contract of mutuum from that
of commodatum.
?
No estafa is committed by a person who refuses to pay his debt or denies
its existence.
Simple Loan/Mutuum

Rent

1. Delivery of money or some consumable thing with a promise to pay an equivalen

t of the same kind and quality
Delivery of some non-consumable thing in order that the other may use it during
a certain period and return it to the former.
result in the perfection of the contract of loan. The Civil Code provides that
the delivery of bills of exchange and mercantile documents, such as checks, shal
l produce the effect of payment only when they have been encashed (Gerales vs. C
A 218 SCRA 638). It is only after the checks have produced the effect of paymen
t that the contract of loan may be deemed perfected.
?
The obligation is to pay and not to return because the consumption of the
thing loaned is the distinguishing character of the contract of mutuum from that
of commodatum.
?
No estafa is committed by a person who refuses to pay his debt or denies
its existence.

Simple Loan/Mutuum

Rent

1. Delivery of money or some consumable thing with a promise to pay an equivalen

t of the same kind and quality
Delivery of some non-consumable thing in order that the other may use it during
a certain period and return it to the former.
result in the perfection of the contract of loan. The Civil Code provides that
the delivery of bills of exchange and mercantile documents, such as checks, shal
l produce the effect of payment only when they have been encashed (Gerales vs. C
A 218 SCRA 638). It is only after the checks have produced the effect of paymen
t that the contract of loan may be deemed perfected.
?
The obligation is to pay and not to return because the consumption of the
thing loaned is the distinguishing character of the contract of mutuum from that
of commodatum.
?
No estafa is committed by a person who refuses to pay his debt or denies
its existence.
Simple Loan/Mutuum

Rent

1. Delivery of money or some consumable thing with a promise to pay an equivalen

t of the same kind and quality
Delivery of some non-consumable thing in order that the other may use it during
a certain period and return it to the former.
result in the perfection of the contract of loan. The Civil Code provides that
the delivery of bills of exchange and mercantile documents, such as checks, shal
l produce the effect of payment only when they have been encashed (Gerales vs. C
A 218 SCRA 638). It is only after the checks have produced the effect of paymen
t that the contract of loan may be deemed perfected.
?
The obligation is to pay and not to return because the consumption of the
thing loaned is the distinguishing character of the contract of mutuum from that
of commodatum.
?
No estafa is committed by a person who refuses to pay his debt or denies
its existence.
Simple Loan/Mutuum

Rent

1. Delivery of money or some consumable thing with a promise to pay an equivalen

t of the same kind and quality
Delivery of some non-consumable thing in order that the other may use it during
a certain period and return it to the former.
result in the perfection of the contract of loan. The Civil Code provides that
the delivery of bills of exchange and mercantile documents, such as checks, shal
l produce the effect of payment only when they have been encashed (Gerales vs. C
A 218 SCRA 638). It is only after the checks have produced the effect of paymen
t that the contract of loan may be deemed perfected.
?
The obligation is to pay and not to return because the consumption of the
thing loaned is the distinguishing character of the contract of mutuum from that
of commodatum.
?
No estafa is committed by a person who refuses to pay his debt or denies
its existence.
Simple Loan/Mutuum

Rent

1. Delivery of money or some consumable thing with a promise to pay an equivalen

t of the same kind and quality
Delivery of some non-consumable thing in order that the other may use it during
a certain period and return it to the former.
result in the perfection of the contract of loan. The Civil Code provides that
the delivery of bills of exchange and mercantile documents, such as checks, shal
l produce the effect of payment only when they have been encashed (Gerales vs. C

A 218 SCRA 638). It is only after the checks have produced the effect of paymen
t that the contract of loan may be deemed perfected.
?
The obligation is to pay and not to return because the consumption of the
thing loaned is the distinguishing character of the contract of mutuum from that
of commodatum.
?
No estafa is committed by a person who refuses to pay his debt or denies
its existence.
Simple Loan/Mutuum

Rent

1. Delivery of money or some consumable thing with a promise to pay an equivalen

t of the same kind and quality
Delivery of some non-consumable thing in order that the other may use it during
a certain period and return it to the former.
result in the perfection of the contract of loan. The Civil Code provides that
the delivery of bills of exchange and mercantile documents, such as checks, shal
l produce the effect of payment only when they have been encashed (Gerales vs. C
A 218 SCRA 638). It is only after the checks have produced the effect of paymen
t that the contract of loan may be deemed perfected.
?
The obligation is to pay and not to return because the consumption of the
thing loaned is the distinguishing character of the contract of mutuum from that
of commodatum.
?
No estafa is committed by a person who refuses to pay his debt or denies
its existence.
Simple Loan/Mutuum

Rent

1. Delivery of money or some consumable thing with a promise to pay an equivalen

t of the same kind and quality
Delivery of some non-consumable thing in order that the other may use it during
a certain period and return it to the former.
result in the perfection of the contract of loan. The Civil Code provides that
the delivery of bills of exchange and mercantile documents, such as checks, shal
l produce the effect of payment only when they have been encashed (Gerales vs. C
A 218 SCRA 638). It is only after the checks have produced the effect of paymen
t that the contract of loan may be deemed perfected.
?
The obligation is to pay and not to return because the consumption of the
thing loaned is the distinguishing character of the contract of mutuum from that
of commodatum.
?
No estafa is committed by a person who refuses to pay his debt or denies
its existence.
Simple Loan/Mutuum

Rent

1. Delivery of money or some consumable thing with a promise to pay an equivalen

t of the same kind and quality
Delivery of some non-consumable thing in order that the other may use it during
a certain period and return it to the former.
result in the perfection of the contract of loan. The Civil Code provides that
the delivery of bills of exchange and mercantile documents, such as checks, shal
l produce the effect of payment only when they have been encashed (Gerales vs. C
A 218 SCRA 638). It is only after the checks have produced the effect of paymen
t that the contract of loan may be deemed perfected.
?
The obligation is to pay and not to return because the consumption of the
thing loaned is the distinguishing character of the contract of mutuum from that
of commodatum.
?
No estafa is committed by a person who refuses to pay his debt or denies
its existence.
Simple Loan/Mutuum

Rent

1. Delivery of money or some consumable thing with a promise to pay an equivalen

t of the same kind and quality
Delivery of some non-consumable thing in order that the other may use it during
a certain period and return it to the former.
result in the perfection of the contract of loan. The Civil Code provides that
the delivery of bills of exchange and mercantile documents, such as checks, shal
l produce the effect of payment only when they have been encashed (Gerales vs. C
A 218 SCRA 638). It is only after the checks have produced the effect of paymen
t that the contract of loan may be deemed perfected.
?
The obligation is to pay and not to return because the consumption of the
thing loaned is the distinguishing character of the contract of mutuum from that
of commodatum.
?
No estafa is committed by a person who refuses to pay his debt or denies
its existence.
Simple Loan/Mutuum

Rent

1. Delivery of money or some consumable thing with a promise to pay an equivalen

t of the same kind and quality
Delivery of some non-consumable thing in order that the other may use it during
a certain period and return it to the former.
result in the perfection of the contract of loan. The Civil Code provides that
the delivery of bills of exchange and mercantile documents, such as checks, shal
l produce the effect of payment only when they have been encashed (Gerales vs. C
A 218 SCRA 638). It is only after the checks have produced the effect of paymen
t that the contract of loan may be deemed perfected.
?
The obligation is to pay and not to return because the consumption of the
thing loaned is the distinguishing character of the contract of mutuum from that
of commodatum.
?
No estafa is committed by a person who refuses to pay his debt or denies
its existence.
Simple Loan/Mutuum

Rent

1. Delivery of money or some consumable thing with a promise to pay an equivalen

t of the same kind and quality
Delivery of some non-consumable thing in order that the other may use it during
a certain period and return it to the former.