Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Shockgrades
Shock grades
GradeA GradeAitemsareitemswhichareessentialtothesafetyand
co t ued co bat capab ty o t e s p.
continuedcombatcapabilityoftheship.
GradeB GradeBitemsareitemswhoseoperationIsnotessentialto
thesafetyandcombatcapabilityoftheshipbutwhichcouldbecomea
hazard to personnel to grade A items or to the ship as a whole as a
hazardtopersonnel,togradeAitems,ortotheshipasawholeasa
resultofexposuretoshock.
901 D
901D
MIL-901D
High Impact Shock
Testing
LWSM
Light Weight Shock
Machine
MWSM
Medium Weight Shock
Machine
Equipment
Class
Shock Grades
Class 1
To meet shock
req. without RM
Grade A
e.g. control and
Command
Grade B
Class 2
Shock req.
With RM
Class 3
To meet shock
Req. of both Class 1
and 2
Type A
Principle unit
Shock test
types
Type B
Subsidiary
component
p
Type C
subassembly
Control of Vibration
ControlofVibration
ControllingNaturalFrequencies
avoidingResonance
g
PreventingExcessiveResponseat
Resonance damping/energy
Resonancedamping/energy
dissipatingmechanisms
Reducingtransmissionofexciting
forces
ReducingResponseofsystem
Introduction of Damping
IntroductionofDamping
D
Dampingistheconversionofmechanicalenergy
i i th
i
f
h i l
ofastructureintothermalenergy.
Theamountofenergydissipatedisameasureof
The amount of energy dissipated is a measure of
thestructuresdampinglevel.
Jointsdamping
Joints damping
Welded,Bolted,Rivet
ViscousDamping(ViscosityofFluid)
HysteresisDamping(frictionwithinmaterial)
Hysteresis Damping (friction within material)
CoulombDamping
.
Changeoffn
Automobiles
Viscoelastic Materials
AmplitudeAtResonance
2.6.4
HighlyNonLinearMaterials
DampingTapes
Vibration Isolation
VibrationIsolation
Active
Passive
FoundationorBaseProtection
EquipmentProtection
ReductionoftheForceTransmittedto
Foundation
SS:
forSmallvalueofDamping
ratioandr>1
Forlargevaluesofrandlowvaluesofdamping
thetermbecomesverysmallandcanbe
neglected
Isolationofsystemswithrotating
unbalance
Vibration Damper
VibrationDamper
EEngineering
i
i
St t l
Structural
element
l
t
th t
that
attenuates transmission of vibration in a
certain frequency range.
range
The resilient element includes Rubber and
Metal.
Metal
Rubber is securely bonded between the two
metal parts.
parts
Upper Plate is assumed to face the source to
vibration
ib ti and
d lower
l
metal
t l surface
f
secured
d to
t
foundation.
Shock Isolation
ShockIsolation
Vibration Absorber
VibrationAbsorber
Toreducethevibrationof
aprimarydeviceby
addinganabsorbertothe
system
Eliminateunwanted
vibration
Forms2degreeofFreedom
Usedinmachineryat
constantspeed
Applications:
Reciprocatingmachines
R i
ti
hi
Buildingexcitedbyanearthquake
Transmissionlinesortelephonelinesexcited
by wind blowing
bywindblowing
Undamped DynamicVibration
Absorber
Vibrationabsorberisoftenusedwithmachines
runatconstantspeedorsystemswithconst.
excited freq because the combined system
excitedfreq.,becausethecombinedsystem
hasnarrowoperatingbandwidth.
Di h
Diaphragm
Accumulator
MR Fluid
Solenoid
Wires to
Electromgnet
Bearing &
Seal
IdealizedFormsofShockExcitations&
VelocityChange