+ (A)

9.

25 (1-25)

The automobile provides

privacy.

Next

to

the

bathroom, it is the nicest, easiest, more acceptable

place to be alone. People sing, scream, pick their
noses, talk to the radio, and do all manner of other

. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the

odd and private things within the isolation of their

underlined word. (1-5)

cars.
1. The chimpanzee and the human share about 99.5 per
cent of their evolutionary history, yet most human

10. A calorie is the quantity of heat required to

thinkers regard the chimp as a malformed, irrelevant

rise one gallon of water one degree centigrade at

oddity while seeing themselves as stepping-stone to

one atmosphere pressure.

the Almighty.
special
insignificant

11. Starfishes and sea urchins, members of the spiny

unfamiliar
independent

skinned animals, are particularly interested because

of their unusual structures.

2. A fertile hybrid has now been produced between

12. The Indians of the southwestern America are

cattle and bison by a California rancher.

hydrogen
crop

famous for their beautiful art work, especially

grain
mixture

handmade

jewelry

cast

from

silver,

carved

from

stones, or decorations with beads and feather.

3. The purpose of this approach is to initiate appropriate
correctional steps whenever the need for them arises.
palpable
necessary

irrevocable
suitable

III. Choose the one that is most suitable for the blank.
(13-19)

4. He was compliant and ready to conform to the

pattern set by his friends.
determined
swift

the

submissive
confident

was

unrealistic

of

Anna

Freud

to

expect

any

uniformity of opinion.
consensus
constancy

earth

_______

very

high

temperatures

and

pressures.

5. Given the existence of so many factions in the field,

it

13. Sedimentary rocks are formed below the surface of

where there are

where are there

there are
there are where

14. _______ the belief that government by persuasion is

preferable to government by coercion, the leaders of

shortage
diversity

the movement have recently repudiated most of their

previous statements.
Fully embrace
Being fully embraced

. Choose the incorrect word or phrase. (6-12)

6. Besides developing the cinema's language, Griffith
immensely broadened their range and treatment of
subjects.

Fully embraced
Having fully embraced

15. Even when jobs became plentiful, the longstanding

fear that unemployment could return at a moment's
notice _______.
perished
performed

persisted
petrified

7. In her novels, Woolf is deeply engaged for the

questions of how individuals are shaped by their
social environments.

16. Despite the fact that the two council members

belonged to different political parties, they _______ the
issue of how to finance the town debt.

8. Ragtime is a musical form that synthesizes folk

melodies

and

musical

techniques

into

brief

quadrillelike structure, designed to be playing on

the piano.
-1-

complicated
attested on

reported on
agreed on

 + (A)

17. She prefers to formulate her own theories _______ to

21. Which of the following is most suitable for the

accept the conventional wisdom of her discipline.

blank?

in order
as

for
with

much
rather than

18. In a new culture, many embarrassing situations

done
doing

22. Which of the following can be inferred from the

occur _______ a misunderstanding.

above passage?

of
because of

Human history can be viewed as a slowly dawning

to
because

awareness of what we know.

The Cosmos may not be populated with intelligent
beings.

19. _______ small specimen of the embryonic fluid is

Science is the best tool that deserves to seek

removed from a fetus, it will be possible to determine

eternal truths.

whether the baby will be born with birth defects.

If a
A

IV.

Read

The survival of human species depends on the

That a
After it is a

the

following

passages

and

possession of sacred truths.

answer

the

questions.
(23-25)

(20-22)

Reduced to its bleakest terms, what is presented in

There is no other species on Earth that does science.

It is, so far, entirely

this

a human invention in the

paper

is

series

of

relationships

among

cerebral cortex. It is not perfect. It can be misused. It

wellknown data. These data are often inadequate

is only a tool. But it is by far the best tool we have,

because they have been secured by various observers

self-correcting, ongoing, applicable to everything. It

whose explanations of color vision are sufficiently

has two rules. First: there are no sacred truths; all

different to obscure the relationships among the data.

assumptions must be critically examined; arguments

Therefore, I hope that no one will think that I

from authority are worthless. Second: whatever is

consider these ideas to be a final statement. Indeed,

inconsistent with the facts must be discarded or

the

revised. We must understand the Cosmos as it is and

measurements and experiments must be made before

not confuse how it is _______ how we wish it to be.

color vision can be understood. And experiments have

The obvious is sometimes false; the unexpected is

value in proportion to the value of the hypotheses

sometimes true. Humans everywhere share the same

that motivate the experiments. My present paper is

goals when the context is large enough. Present

thus largely a program. It represents the general

global culture is a kind of arrogant new comer. It

ideas that are orienting us in our laboratories in an

arrives on the planetary stage following four and a

attack on the theoretical structure of color vision.

situation

is

precisely

the

reverse.

Many

half billion years of other acts, and after looking

about for a few thousand years declares itself in

23. The author suggests that the data presented are

possession of eternal truths. But in a world that is

"inadequate" because they _______.

changing as fast as ours, this is a prescription for

are already known to most people who have

disaster. No nation, no religion, no economic system,

studied color vision

no body of knowledge, is likely to have all the

were reported inaccurately by those who collected

answers for our survival. There must be many social

them

systems that would work far better than any now in

are not in all cases directly related to color vision

existence. In the scientific tradition, our task is to

find them.
20. What is the main purpose of the above passage?
To inform
To persuade

were

gathered

by

theoretical frameworks

To complain
To apologize
-2-

people

who

had

different

 + (A)

24. It is most likely that the above passage is an

29. (2,1)

excerpt from the introduction to a paper that attempts

to _______.
explain in detail the theoretical structure of color

vision
present

new

data

about

color

vision

recently

discovered by the author

outline ideas that may lead to the development of a
new theory about color vision

30. ?

describe the history of ideas concerning color

vision
25.

The

si n
author

states

that

he

would

consider

an

si n

cos

experiment valuable if it _______.

si n

produces general ideas

provides a test of a valuable theory
has to do with color vision
is based on clearly defined data
----------------------------------------------

31.

?
0

15 (26-40)
32. ?

26. .

33.
?

27. ?
(

.)

28.

34.

. ?
-5

-3-

-3

 + (A)
35.

?
5

36. { } .

lim

37. ln ,

ln ?

38.

cosh ?

39. ?

40. ?

si n

ln

ln
-4-