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APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENTIATION
APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENTIATION
APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENTIATION
4.7
Optimization Problems
In this section, we will learn:
How to solve problems involving
maximization and minimization of factors.
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
2. DRAW A DIAGRAM
3. INTRODUCE NOTATION
3. INTRODUCE NOTATION
Express Q in terms of
some of the other symbols
from Step 3.
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 1
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 1
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 1
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 1
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 1
This figure
illustrates
the general case.
We wish to maximize the area A of
the rectangle.
Let x and y be the depth and width of the rectangle
(in feet).
Then, we express A in terms of x and y: A = xy
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 1
2x + y = 2400
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 1
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 1
0 x 1200
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 1
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 1
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 1
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 2
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 2
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 2
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 2
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 2
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 2
r2h = 1000
This gives
h = 1000/(r2)
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 2
2000
" 1000 #
2
A = 2! r + 2! r $
= 2! r +
2 %
r
& !r '
2
2000
A(r ) = 2! r +
r
2
r >0
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 2
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 2
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Alternatively, we could
argue that A(r)
as r 0+ and A(r)
as r .
So, there must be
a minimum value of A(r),
which must occur at
the critical number.
Example 2
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 2
r = 500 / ! is:
1000
1000
500
3
h=
=
=
2
= 2r
2
23
!r
! (500 / ! )
!
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 2
500 / ! cm
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Note 1
If f(x) > 0 for all x < c and f(x) < 0 for all x > c,
then f(c) is the absolute maximum value of f.
If f(x) < 0 for all x < c and if f(x) > 0 for all x > c,
then f(c) is the absolute minimum value of f.
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Note 2
IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION
Note 2
r2h = 100
2rh + r2h = 0
IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION
Note 2
2r - h = 0 or h = 2r
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 3
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 3
d = ( x ! 1) + ( y ! 4)
d = ( 12 y 2 ! 1) 2 + ( y ! 4) 2
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 3
2 x to get d in terms
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 3
d = f ( y ) = ( y ! 1) + ( y ! 4 )
2
1
2
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 3
Differentiating, we obtain:
f '( y ) = 2 ( y ! 1)y + 2( y ! 4) = y ! 8
1
2
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 3
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 3
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 4
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
He could proceed in
any
of three ways:
Row his boat directly across
the river to point C and then
run to B
Row directly to B
Row to some point D
between
C and B and then run to B
Example 4
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 4
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 4
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 4
distance
We use the equation time=
rate
Then, the rowing time is: x 2 + 9 / 6
The running time is: (8 x)/8
So, the total time T as a function of x is:
2
T ( x) =
x +9 8! x
+
6
8
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 4
1
The derivative of T is: T '( x) =
!
6 x2 + 9 8
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 4
! 4x = 3 x2 + 9
2
! 16 x = 9( x + 9)
9
! 7 x = 81 ! x =
7
2
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 4
T (0) = 1.5
7
! 9 "
T$
% = 1 + 8 # 1.33
& 7'
73
T (8) =
# 1.42
6
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
9/ 7
Example 4
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
9/ 7
Example 4
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 5
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
E. g. 5Solution 1
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
E. g. 5Solution 1
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
E. g. 5Solution 1
y= r !x
Thus,
A = 2x r ! x
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
E. g. 5Solution 1
A' = 2 r ! x !
2x
2
r !x
2(r ! 2 x )
2
r !x
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
E. g. 5Solution 1
r
r
! r "
2
2
A$
r #
=r
%=2
2
2
& 2'
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Example 5
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
E. g. 5Solution 2
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
E. g. 5Solution 2
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
E. g. 5Solution 2
DEMAND FUNCTION
REVENUE FUNCTION
MAXIMIZING REVENUE
Example 6
DEMAND FUNCTION
Example 6
REVENUE FUNCTION
Example 6
MAXIMIZING REVENUE
Example 6
MAXIMIZING REVENUE
Example 6