1

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En el modelo de efecto invernadero que hemos
hecho
hasta el momento, tenamos un panel de vidrio

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00:00:08,780 --> 00:00:13,442

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00:00:13,442 --> 00:00:16,402
y tenamos que absorber toda la luz infrarroja,

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and we had it absorb all of the infrared light,

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porque lo hacia ms fcil de entender.

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because it made it easier to understand.

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Los gases realmente no lo hacen.

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Gasses don't really do that.

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Los gases son muy selectivos acerca de qu tipo
de luz absorben.

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00:00:22,020 --> 00:00:26,210

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00:00:26,210 --> 00:00:30,940
La situacin se parece un poco a esto, donde se
tienen

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00:00:26,210 --> 00:00:30,940

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diferentes frecuencias de luz que brillan desde el
suelo

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different frequencies of light that are shining
up from the
ground

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como parte del espectro de cuerpo negro de la
tierra.

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00:00:33,800 --> 00:00:35,880

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Y parte de la luz oscila en la frecuencia alrededor
de 700 nmeros de onda.

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00:00:35,880 --> 00:00:41,540

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donde la flexin vibracion de CO2 absorbe luz.

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where the CO2 bending vibration absorbs
light.

11

12

In the greenhouse model that we did so

far, we had a pane of glass

Gasses are very selective about what kinds

of light they absorb.

The situation kind of looks like this,

where you have

as part of the ground's black body spectrum.

And some of the light is in the frequency

range around 700 wave numbers.

00:00:45,200 --> 00:00:48,490

La luz tiene que luchar para escapar de la
atmsfera.

00:00:45,200 --> 00:00:48,490

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Esto es absorbida por CO2 con bastante rapidez,

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It gets absorbed by CO2 fairly quickly,

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y luego un poco ms consigue re-emitido por la
CO2 que suben y bajan.

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and then some more gets re-emitted by that
CO2 going up and down.

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Y sigue y sigue y sigue.
Y luego, finalmente,

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And on and on and on.
And then, finally,

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A la luz de esa frecuencia que se escapa
al espacio tiene que venir

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the light of that frequency that escapes
to space has to come

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desde algn lugar bastante alto en el
atmsfera, donde es bastante fro.

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from some place fairly high up in the
atmosphere, where it's fairly cold.

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Considerando que, en otro rango de frecuencias
en torno a
900 nmeros de onda,

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00:01:08,080 --> 00:01:12,800

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llamamos a que la ventana atmosfrica

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we call that the atmospheric window

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porque
si no hay nubes en el cielo, o aviones, o los
pjaros

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because
if there are no clouds in the sky or airplanes or
birds

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o cualquier otra especie de la Materia
Condensada de hasta
all,

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00:01:19,740 --> 00:01:22,212

21

22

The light has to fight

its way out of the atmosphere.

Whereas, another frequency range around

900 wave numbers,

or any other sort of condensed matter up

there,

00:01:22,212 --> 00:01:27,840

no haya gases
que realmente absorben luz en el
ventana atmosfrica.

00:01:22,212 --> 00:01:27,840

there are no gases
that really absorb light in the
atmospheric window.

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As que la luz en la ventana atmosfrica
(Alrededor de 900 centmetros onda nmeros, o

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So the light in the atmospheric window
(around 900 centimeters wave numbers, or

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900 ciclos por centmetro), va a la derecha de
la tierra de vuelta al espacio.

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900 cycles per centimeter), goes right from
the ground out to space.

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Por lo tanto, si pensamos en cmo se ve desde
espacio

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So, if we think about how this looks from
space

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podemos visualizar esto en el contexto
de dos curvas del cuerpo negro.

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we can visualize this within the context
of two black body curves.

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Uno que es bastante fro como el superior
ambiente,

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One that is fairly cold like the upper
atmosphere,

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como si tuvieras un cuerpo negro que haca fro
en

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esa temperatura, y luego otro, como si
usted tena un

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that temperature, and then another, as if
you had a

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cuerpo negro que es bastante clido, como el
la temperatura de la tierra.

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black body that's fairly warm, like the
temperature of the ground.

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Y porque es ms clido, que los medios

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And because it's warmer, that means

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que la curva es ms grande, porque psilon

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that curve is larger, because epsilon

as if you had a black body that was cold at

sigma T

sigma T

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del cuarto es un nmero mayor,

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of the fourth is a larger number,

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ya que la temperatura es ms alta, se obtiene un
negro grande
curva del cuerpo.

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because the temperature is higher, you get a
bigger black
body curve.

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Si usted est mirando hacia abajo desde el
espacio,

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00:02:13,080 --> 00:02:14,710

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en el rango de alrededor de 700 de onda
nmeros, lo que vas a ver,

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00:02:14,710 --> 00:02:20,430
in the range around 700 wave
numbers, what you will see,

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cuando se mira hacia abajo, es fro, un fro CO2
molcula en la atmsfera superior.

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when you look down, is cold, a cold CO2
molecule up in the upper atmosphere.

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Si esta molcula de CO2 era un cuerpo negro

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If this CO2 molecule was a black body

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y podra brillar en todas las frecuencias,
lo que se ve es

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00:02:28,870 --> 00:02:31,940
and could shine at all frequencies,
what you would see is

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una curva de cuerpo negro fro, pero

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a cold black body curve, but

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el CO2 slo est afectando realmente a la luz en
el

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CO2 flexin gama de vibracin.

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CO2 bending vibration range.

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Y as, en esta parte del espectro de lo que

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And so in this part of the spectrum what

If you're looking down from space,

the CO2 is only really affecting the light in the

que se ve est siguiendo el

you see is following the

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fro curva del cuerpo negro, ya que el CO2 es
emitiendo en ese rango y hace fro.

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cold black body curve, because the CO2 is
emitting in that range and it's cold.

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Y luego, si nos fijamos en la atmsfera
gama ventana,

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And then if you look in the atmospheric
window range,

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lo que se ve es todo el camino hasta el suelo.

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what you see is all the way to the ground.

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Usted ve la luz que viene de la tibia
suelo.

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You see light that's coming from the warm
ground.

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Que, a raz de un cuerpo negro luz
curva, es a esta intensidad.

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That light, following a black body
curve, is at this intensity.

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Usted ve una intensidad ms alta que hay
para la regin de ventana atmosfrica.

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You see a higher intensity there
for the atmospheric window region.

49
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00:03:10,230 --> 00:03:13,320
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As es como la selectividad de los gases de efecto
invernadero
This is how the selectivity of greenhouse gases
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con el tipo de luz
de manifiesta

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to the light kind
of manifests itself

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en la intensidad de la luz
eso es dejar el planeta.

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in the intensity of the light
that's leaving the planet.

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Trabaja en las gamas de frecuencias que
puede cubrir, y en otros rangos de frecuencia,

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It works in the frequency ranges that it
can cover, and in other frequency ranges,

53

55

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sencillamente deja la luz sola.

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it just leaves the light alone.

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As que vamos a
nos fijamos en el modelo de lnea de infrarrojos
luz que sale de la atmsfera.

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So let
us look at the online model of infrared
light leaving the atmosphere.

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Yo te voy a mostrar un efecto llamado
el efecto de saturacin banda.

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I'm going to show you an effect called
the band saturation effect.

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Si empezar y no tenemos carbono
dixido en la atmsfera en todo

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If we start out and we have no carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere at all

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lo que vemos es en ese rango de 700 el nmero
de onda

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la intensidad sigue
la curva del cuerpo negro

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the intensity follows
the black body curve

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del objeto caliente porque podemos ver
iluminar todo el camino desde el suelo.

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00:04:00,660 --> 00:04:05,960
of the warm object because we can see
light all the way from the ground.

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Ahora bien, si ponemos un poco de CO2
en la atmsfera, que voy a poner uno

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Now if we put just a little bit of CO2
into the atmosphere, I'm going to put one

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parte por milln en,
Lo que se ve es el pico

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part per million in,
What you see is the peak

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es muy prominente.

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is very prominent.

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Slo poner un poco de CO2 va un
largo camino.

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Just putting a little bit of CO2 goes a
long way.

what we see is in that 700 wave number range

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El pico se reduce bastante notablemente de
la clida

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The peak comes down quite noticeably from
the warm

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curva de cuerpo negro y, a continuacin, poner
en ms
CO2.

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00:04:33,560 --> 00:04:37,310

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Yo voy a hacer diez partes por milln, y
se puede ver ahora que el

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00:04:37,310 --> 00:04:42,160
I'm going to do ten parts per million, and
you can see now that the

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Pico de absorcin de CO2, la mordida que el CO2
se

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00:04:45,280 --> 00:04:48,890

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fuera de la
la luz que sale del planeta,
ha vuelto mucho ms profundo.

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out of the
the outgoing light from the planet,
has gotten much deeper.

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Y por eso ha cambiado un poco,

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And so it's changed quite a bit,

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la cantidad de energa que ha de salir de la
planeta.

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the amount of energy that's leaving the
planet.

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Pero a medida que agregamos ms CO2, as que
ahora estoy

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00:04:57,710 --> 00:05:01,425

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00:05:01,425 --> 00:05:03,670
va a subir a 100 partes por milln,

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going to go up to 100 parts per million,

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lo que se ve es que el pico se ha vuelto

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what you see is that the peak has gotten

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00:05:05,800 --> 00:05:11,420

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00:05:05,800 --> 00:05:11,420

black body curve, and then putting in more

CO2.

CO2 absorption peak, the bite that CO2 takes

But as we add more CO2, so now I'm

ms amplio, y un poco ms profundo,

broader, and a little bit deeper,

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pero a medida que la concentracin de CO2 se
eleva an ms, la
pico no puede conseguir nada ms profundo.

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but as the CO2 concentration rises even
further, the
peak can't get any deeper.

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Se absorbe todo lo que est por venir

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It's absorbing everything that's coming up

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desde
tierra, y todo lo que ves es

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from the
ground, and all you see is

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la curva del cuerpo negro fro.

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00:05:29,040 --> 00:05:30,510
the cold black body curve.

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Y luego, subiendo an ms a un 1000
partes por milln, que

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And then, going up still more to a 1000
parts per million, you

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00:05:36,760 --> 00:05:41,190
ver el pico es cada vez ms gorda an,
pero no est haciendo ms profundo.

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00:05:36,760 --> 00:05:41,190
see the peak is getting even fatter still,
but it's not getting any deeper.

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Esto se llama el efecto de saturacin banda.

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00:05:41,190 --> 00:05:44,210
This is called the band saturation effect.

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El impacto de esto es que,
trazado

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The impact of that is that,
plotted

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He trazan los datos que acabo de tomar con el
modelo, aqu.

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00:05:48,300 --> 00:05:51,070
I've plotted the data that I just took with the
model, here.

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Al poner un poco de CO2 en la
ambiente, vemos que la

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As we put just a little bit of CO2 in the
atmosphere, we see that the

85

89

00:05:57,820 --> 00:06:02,770

intensidad de la energa dejando el planeta
se ha reducido en un poco.

00:05:57,820 --> 00:06:02,770

intensity of the energy leaving the planet
has decreased by quite a bit.

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00:06:02,770 --> 00:06:08,850
Desde 318 vatios por metro cuadrado hasta
313 slo por una parte por milln de CO2.

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00:06:02,770 --> 00:06:08,850
From 318 watts per square meter down to
313 just per one part per million CO2.

87
00:06:08,850 --> 00:06:13,140
Esa es bsicamente la diferencia
entre este punto y este punto.

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00:06:08,850 --> 00:06:13,140
That's basically the difference
between this point and this point.

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00:06:13,140 --> 00:06:16,130
Este eje aqu va todo el camino hasta 1000
ppm.

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00:06:13,140 --> 00:06:16,130
This axis here goes all the way up to 1000
ppm.

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00:06:16,130 --> 00:06:19,160
As, uno ppm es casi el mismo que cero en

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00:06:16,130 --> 00:06:19,160
So, one ppm is almost the same as zero on

90
00:06:19,160 --> 00:06:24,520
esta parcela, es casi nada.
Y luego, a medida que suben ms y ms alto en

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00:06:19,160 --> 00:06:24,520
this plot, it's almost nothing.
And then as you go up higher and higher in

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00:06:24,520 --> 00:06:32,030
Concentraciones de CO2, disminuye la tasa de
en que la energa se est perdiendo al espacio.

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00:06:24,520 --> 00:06:32,030
CO2 concentrations, it decreases the rate
at which energy is being lost to space.

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00:06:32,030 --> 00:06:34,109
Usted recibe menos inversin para su dinero,

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00:06:32,030 --> 00:06:34,109
You get less bang for your buck,

93
00:06:34,109 --> 00:06:37,620
cuanto ms CO2 que tiene en el
ambiente.

98
00:06:34,109 --> 00:06:37,620
the more CO2 you have in the
atmosphere.

94
00:06:37,620 --> 00:06:40,710
Nunca se vuelve insensible a CO2.

99
00:06:37,620 --> 00:06:40,710
It never becomes insensitive to CO2.

95
00:06:40,710 --> 00:06:46,230
Sin embargo, la sensibilidad va por el ms de
el gas que tiene en la atmsfera.

100
00:06:40,710 --> 00:06:46,230
But the sensitivity goes down the more of
the gas you have in the atmosphere.

96
101
00:06:47,890 --> 00:06:54,070
00:06:47,890 --> 00:06:54,070
Resulta que el impacto del CO2 como
It turns out that the impact of CO2 as
un gas de efecto invernadero, o la mayora de los
dems
a greenhouse gas, or most other
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00:06:54,070 --> 00:07:00,930
gases de efecto invernadero, tiende a seguir una
tipo de relacin logartmica.

102
00:06:54,070 --> 00:07:00,930
greenhouse gases, tends to follow a
kind of a logarithmic relationship.

98
00:07:00,930 --> 00:07:06,180
Cuando cualquier duplicacin tiene
aproximadamente la misma
impacto en el balance de energa

103
00:07:00,930 --> 00:07:06,180

99
00:07:06,180 --> 00:07:09,130
y en el clima de la tierra como
cualquier otra.

104
00:07:06,180 --> 00:07:09,130
and on the climate of the earth as
any other.

Where any doubling has about the same

impact on the energy balance

105
00:07:09,130 --> 00:07:13,340
So going from ten parts per million to 20
parts per million would give you just as
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00:07:13,340 --> 00:07:15,690
tanto el calentamiento global,
sorprendentemente, como ir

106
00:07:13,340 --> 00:07:15,690

101
00:07:15,690 --> 00:07:18,580
de 1.000 partes por milln a 2.000 partes por
millones.

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00:07:15,690 --> 00:07:18,580
from 1000 parts per million to 2000 parts per
million.

102
00:07:22,550 --> 00:07:27,690
Una cosa que controla cmo se

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00:07:22,550 --> 00:07:27,690
One thing that controls how this

103
00:07:27,690 --> 00:07:33,030
forma se ve es los detalles de estos
absorcin

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00:07:27,690 --> 00:07:33,030
shape looks is the details of these
absorption

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00:07:33,030 --> 00:07:37,970
picos.
Dije antes que un

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00:07:33,030 --> 00:07:37,970
peaks.
I said earlier that a

much global warming, amazingly, as going

105
00:07:37,970 --> 00:07:43,020
gas puede absorber la luz, si la frecuencia
de la vibracin de

112
00:07:37,970 --> 00:07:43,020
gas can absorb light, if the frequency
of the vibration of

106
00:07:43,020 --> 00:07:48,640
el gas es una especie de la misma que la
frecuencia de la luz que viene pulg

113
00:07:43,020 --> 00:07:48,640
the gas is sort of the same as the
frequency of the light that's coming in.

107
00:07:48,640 --> 00:07:51,460
Eso parece como si
debe ser una especie de una cosa absoluta,

114
00:07:48,640 --> 00:07:51,460
That seems like it
should be sort of an absolute thing,

108
00:07:51,460 --> 00:07:56,310
que la luz tiene que ser exactamente la misma
frecuencia para
realmente resonar y absorber.

115
00:07:51,460 --> 00:07:56,310
that the light has to be exactly the same
frequency to
really resonate and absorb.

109
00:07:56,310 --> 00:08:01,370
Pero resulta que hay un poco de holgura.
Eso hace que este pico de absorcin.

116
00:07:56,310 --> 00:08:01,370
But it turns out that there is some slack.
That makes this absorption peak.

110
00:08:01,370 --> 00:08:04,700
Imagine un pico de absorcin muy aristas vivas,

117
00:08:01,370 --> 00:08:04,700
Imagine a very sharp-edged absorption peak,

111
00:08:04,700 --> 00:08:07,360
Se va a absorber toda esta luz,

118
00:08:04,700 --> 00:08:07,360
It'll absorb all of this light,

112
00:08:07,360 --> 00:08:10,610
pero nada de eso la luz, es la forma que sea,
idealmente.

119
00:08:07,360 --> 00:08:10,610
but none of that light, is how it might be,
ideally.

113
00:08:10,610 --> 00:08:14,650
Pero hay algunos, una especie de pendiente en
ese
pico de absorcin,

120
00:08:10,610 --> 00:08:14,650

114
00:08:14,650 --> 00:08:18,550
y que de decantacin es muy importante
determinar

121
00:08:14,650 --> 00:08:18,550
and that slop is very important to
determining

115
00:08:18,550 --> 00:08:22,780

122
00:08:18,550 --> 00:08:22,780

But there's some, some sort of slope in that

absorption peak,

cunto ms CO2 cambia el clima, si

ya tienes

how much adding more CO2 changes the

climate, if
you've already got

116
00:08:22,780 --> 00:08:24,020
mucho all.

123
00:08:22,780 --> 00:08:24,020
a lot there.

117
00:08:24,020 --> 00:08:28,250
Porque permite que mordisco a la
que el espectro

124
00:08:24,020 --> 00:08:28,250
Because it allows that bite out of the
spectrum that you

118
00:08:28,250 --> 00:08:33,220
vio a engordar a medida que agrega ms de los
gases de efecto invernadero.

125
00:08:28,250 --> 00:08:33,220
saw to get fatter as you add more of the
greenhouse gas.

119
00:08:33,220 --> 00:08:37,480
Las razones por las que hay una pendiente en
esto,

126
00:08:33,220 --> 00:08:37,480
The reasons why there is a slope in
this,

120
00:08:37,480 --> 00:08:39,880
eso que es no slo dentro o fuera de la manera
que usted podra pensar que
sera la siguiente:

127
00:08:37,480 --> 00:08:39,880
why it's not just on or off the way you might
think it
would be:

121
00:08:41,246 --> 00:08:45,090
Se debe a lo que llaman presin
ampliacin.

128
00:08:41,246 --> 00:08:45,090
One is due to what they call pressure
broadening.

122
00:08:45,090 --> 00:08:50,820
Recuerde que dijimos que si el carbono
dixido de se congel en

129
00:08:45,090 --> 00:08:50,820
Remember we said that if the carbon
dioxide was frozen into

123
130
00:08:50,820 --> 00:08:54,560
00:08:50,820 --> 00:08:54,560
hielo seco y de manera que se condensa, lo hara dry ice and so it was condensed, it would
ser un cuerpo negro.
be a black body.
124
00:08:54,560 --> 00:08:58,690
Podra absorber casi todo
probablemente,

131
00:08:54,560 --> 00:08:58,690
It could absorb pretty much everything
probably,

125
00:08:58,690 --> 00:09:00,780
al menos esa es la forma ms condensada

132
00:08:58,690 --> 00:09:00,780
at least that's the way most condensed

son las cosas,

things are,

126
00:09:00,780 --> 00:09:03,710
y eso es porque se puede

133
00:09:00,780 --> 00:09:03,710
and that's because you can

127
00:09:03,710 --> 00:09:06,560
vibrar a alguna caracterstica
frecuencia

134
00:09:03,710 --> 00:09:06,560
vibrate at some characteristic
frequency

128
00:09:06,560 --> 00:09:11,480
pero si un fotn de luz entra y se trata de un
poco apagado, tal vez usted puede adsorber se

135
00:09:06,560 --> 00:09:11,480
but If a light photon comes in and it's a
little bit off, maybe you can adsorb it

129
00:09:11,480 --> 00:09:13,460
y el tipo de pala de algo del

136
00:09:11,480 --> 00:09:13,460
and kind of shovel off some of the

130
00:09:13,460 --> 00:09:16,600
el exceso de energa a su vecino que es slo
adecuado
Existe de todos modos, no?

137
00:09:13,460 --> 00:09:16,600
excess energy to your neighbor who's just
right
there anyway, right?

131
00:09:17,608 --> 00:09:21,070
Resulta que haciendo un gas

138
00:09:17,608 --> 00:09:21,070
It turns out that making a gas

132
00:09:21,070 --> 00:09:26,170
ms comprimido hace que sea ms como
la materia condensada.

139
00:09:21,070 --> 00:09:26,170
more compressed makes it more like
condensed matter.

133
00:09:26,170 --> 00:09:31,510
Se extiende la cantidad de
de la luz que puede absorber.

140
00:09:26,170 --> 00:09:31,510
It spreads out how much
of the light it can absorb.

134
00:09:31,510 --> 00:09:33,820
Esto es ms
importante en la baja atmsfera.

141
00:09:31,510 --> 00:09:33,820
This is most
important in the lower atmosphere.

135
00:09:33,820 --> 00:09:37,360
La otra cosa que es
importante es el desplazamiento Doppler.

142
00:09:33,820 --> 00:09:37,360
The other thing that's
important is Doppler shifting.

136
00:09:37,360 --> 00:09:44,440

143
00:09:37,360 --> 00:09:44,440

Si se mueve el gas y la luz

est subiendo pasado,

If the gas is moving, and the light

is going up past it,

137
00:09:44,440 --> 00:09:49,690
y la frecuencia puede no ser exactamente
derecha si la molcula de gas se mantuvieron
estables,

144
00:09:44,440 --> 00:09:49,690
and the frequency might not be exactly

138
00:09:49,690 --> 00:09:53,570
pero si se mueve, eso cambia un poco
bits, la frecuencia que la molcula ve.

145
00:09:49,690 --> 00:09:53,570
but if it's moving, that changes a little
bit, the frequency that the molecule sees.

139
00:09:53,570 --> 00:09:56,608
Es como si, cuando un tren pasa por,
que hace que este

146
00:09:53,570 --> 00:09:56,608
It's like, when a train goes past,
it makes this

140
00:09:56,608 --> 00:09:57,858
[Impresin del profesor de un silbato de tren]

147
00:09:56,608 --> 00:09:57,858
[professor's impression of a train whistle]

141
00:09:57,858 --> 00:09:59,640
tipo de un sonido.

148
00:09:57,858 --> 00:09:59,640
kind of a sound.

142
00:09:59,640 --> 00:10:03,130
Y decir que tenas la absorcin del sonido
cosa.

149
00:09:59,640 --> 00:10:03,130
And say you had some sound absorption
thing.

143
00:10:03,130 --> 00:10:05,580
Y no podra absorber el sonido de la

150
00:10:03,130 --> 00:10:05,580
And it couldn't absorb the sound of the

144
00:10:05,580 --> 00:10:08,260
El silbato si estaba sentado all
estacionaria.

151
00:10:05,580 --> 00:10:08,260
train whistle if it was sitting there
stationary.

145
00:10:08,260 --> 00:10:12,280
Pero tal vez es exactamente el adecuado para el
El silbato ya que va a desaparecer.

152
00:10:08,260 --> 00:10:12,280
But maybe it's just exactly right for the
train whistle as it's going away.

146
00:10:12,280 --> 00:10:15,020
As que absorbera a partir de ese silbato del
tren.

153
00:10:12,280 --> 00:10:15,020

147

154

right if the gas molecule were steady,

So it would absorb from that train whistle.

00:10:15,020 --> 00:10:17,560

Debido a la velocidad del tren
en relacin con usted.

00:10:15,020 --> 00:10:17,560

Because of the velocity of the train
relative to you.

148
00:10:18,850 --> 00:10:23,200
Resulta que incluso si,

155
00:10:18,850 --> 00:10:23,200
It turns out that even if,

149
00:10:23,200 --> 00:10:26,130
el gas absorbido todo,

156
00:10:23,200 --> 00:10:26,130
the gas absorbed everything,

150
00:10:26,130 --> 00:10:30,220
aadiendo ms de los gases de efecto
invernadero constituir
todava efectuar el clima.

157
00:10:26,130 --> 00:10:30,220

151
00:10:30,220 --> 00:10:33,580
Podemos ver que al pensar de nuevo a
nuestro modelo de capa.

158
00:10:30,220 --> 00:10:33,580
We can see that by thinking back to
our layer model.

adding more of the greenhouse gas would

still effect the climate.

152
159
00:10:33,580 --> 00:10:36,880
00:10:33,580 --> 00:10:36,880
Hemos tenido este modelo de capas, donde al no
tener
We had this layer model, where having no
paneles de cristal que dejan
panes of glass left
153
00:10:36,880 --> 00:10:40,708
el ambiente fro, y luego poner un
par de paneles de vidrio hicieron

160
00:10:36,880 --> 00:10:40,708
the atmosphere cold, and then putting a
couple panes of glass made it

154
00:10:40,708 --> 00:10:44,140
ms caliente, y luego ms hojas de vidrio hacen
que ms y ms caliente

161
00:10:40,708 --> 00:10:44,140
warmer, and then more panes of glass make
it warmer and warmer

155
00:10:44,140 --> 00:10:48,298
y ms caliente, y viste que Venus, que
no poda, incluso con una sola

162
00:10:44,140 --> 00:10:48,298
and warmer, and you saw that Venus, we
couldn't, even with a single

156
00:10:48,298 --> 00:10:53,240
panel de vidrio, explicar todo el calentamiento,
el efecto invernadero de Venus.

163
00:10:48,298 --> 00:10:53,240
pane of glass, explain all the warming,
the greenhouse effect of Venus.

157
00:10:53,240 --> 00:10:56,600
Entre ms de estas capas se suman

164
00:10:53,240 --> 00:10:56,600
The more of these layers you add up

158
00:10:56,600 --> 00:11:00,760
el ms calentamiento que podemos encontrar en
la
suelo.

165
00:10:56,600 --> 00:11:00,760

159
00:11:00,760 --> 00:11:04,550
Estos cristales son totalmente
saturado.

166
00:11:00,760 --> 00:11:04,550
These panes of glass are completely
saturated.

160
00:11:04,550 --> 00:11:05,590
Ellos absorben todo.

167
00:11:04,550 --> 00:11:05,590
They absorb everything.

161
00:11:05,590 --> 00:11:08,330
As es como lo definimos, para que sea
sencilla.

168
00:11:05,590 --> 00:11:08,330
That's how we defined it, to make it
simple.

162
00:11:08,330 --> 00:11:12,750
El efecto de saturacin de banda es un muy,
efecto muy importante

169
00:11:08,330 --> 00:11:12,750
The band saturation effect is a very,
very important effect

163
00:11:12,750 --> 00:11:17,260
para entender cmo el clima de la tierra
responde a

170
00:11:12,750 --> 00:11:17,260
for understanding how the climate of the earth
responds to

the more warming you get at the

ground.

164
172
00:11:17,260 --> 00:11:20,850
00:11:17,260 --> 00:11:20,850
gases de efecto invernadero como el CO2, que es
muy
greenhouse gases like CO2, which is very
abundante,
abundant,
165
00:11:20,850 --> 00:11:24,500
o metano, que tiene un
muy baja concentracin.

173
00:11:20,850 --> 00:11:24,500
or methane, which has a
very low concentration.

166
174
00:11:24,500 --> 00:11:28,410
00:11:24,500 --> 00:11:28,410
Es un poco en esta parte de la misma de la curva It's kind of up in this part of it's curve
aqu.
here.
167
00:11:29,530 --> 00:11:31,960
Me refiero a la curva no es exactamente el
mismo
pero se ve algo como esto

175
00:11:29,530 --> 00:11:31,960
I mean the curve isn't exactly the same
but it looks sort of like this

168
00:11:31,960 --> 00:11:33,450
y no hay mucho metano

176
00:11:31,960 --> 00:11:33,450
and there's not much methane

169
177
00:11:33,450 --> 00:11:37,590
00:11:33,450 --> 00:11:37,590
por lo que el metano es muy sensible, muy fuerte so methane is very sensitive, very strong
invernadero obligando.
greenhouse forcing.
170
00:11:37,590 --> 00:11:39,030
Y luego freones,

178
00:11:37,590 --> 00:11:39,030
And then freons,

171
00:11:39,030 --> 00:11:44,260
los compuestos de clorofluorocarbono
que utilizamos

179
00:11:39,030 --> 00:11:44,260
the chlorofluorocarbon compounds
that we use

172
00:11:44,260 --> 00:11:47,834
en refrigeradores y acondicionadores de aire y
cosas as,

180
00:11:44,260 --> 00:11:47,834
in refrigerators and air conditioners and
things like that,

173
00:11:47,834 --> 00:11:52,650
que en realidad absorben en la atmsfera
regin de ventana.

181
00:11:47,834 --> 00:11:52,650
they actually absorb in the atmospheric
window region.

174
00:11:52,650 --> 00:11:56,330
Y no haba freones en la tierra antes de
Empezamos a hacer ellos.

182
00:11:52,650 --> 00:11:56,330
And there were no freons on earth before
we started making them.

175
00:11:56,330 --> 00:11:58,500
As que, bsicamente, empezar de cero.
176
00:11:58,500 --> 00:12:01,660
Y como resultado de esta banda de saturacin
efecto,
177
00:12:01,660 --> 00:12:04,750
resulta que una molcula de fren
178
00:12:04,750 --> 00:12:07,430
vale algo as como 10.000

183
00:11:56,330 --> 00:11:58,500
So they basically start from zero.
184
00:11:58,500 --> 00:12:01,660
And as a result of this band saturation
effect,
185
00:12:01,660 --> 00:12:04,750
it turns out that one molecule of freon
186
00:12:04,750 --> 00:12:07,430
is worth something like 10 thousand
molecules

molculas
179
00:12:07,430 --> 00:12:11,750
de CO2, en su impacto climtico.
180
00:12:11,750 --> 00:12:16,580
Sin embargo, el hecho de que el CO2 es tan
abundante,
y por lo tanto es de banda

187
00:12:07,430 --> 00:12:11,750
of CO2, in its climate impact.
188
00:12:11,750 --> 00:12:16,580
However, the fact that CO2 is so abundant,
and is therefore band

181
00:12:16,580 --> 00:12:21,910
saturado, no quiere decir que la tierra es
insensible a la adicin de ms CO2.

189
00:12:16,580 --> 00:12:21,910
saturated, does not mean that the earth is
insensitive to adding more CO2.

182
00:12:21,910 --> 00:12:27,400
Es una buena cosa que ya tenamos CO2

190
00:12:21,910 --> 00:12:27,400
It's a good thing we already had CO2

183
00:12:27,400 --> 00:12:30,150
en la atmsfera antes de que el industrial
revolucin,

192
00:12:27,400 --> 00:12:30,150
in the atmosphere before the industrial
revolution,

184
00:12:30,150 --> 00:12:34,500
porque si no haba, y empezamos a
poner CO2 a

193
00:12:30,150 --> 00:12:34,500
because if there wasn't, and we started
putting CO2 into

185
00:12:34,500 --> 00:12:39,820
un ambiente virgen que hubiera slo
totalmente derretida por el clima.

194
00:12:34,500 --> 00:12:39,820
a virgin atmosphere it would've just
totally melted down the climate.