OHSMS_300709

E-learning Programme for OHSMS

Module 3: Understanding OHSAS 18001:2007 Standard
(OHS Policy & Planning)

Module 3: (OHS Policy & Planning)

4.1 General requirements

4.2 OH&S policy

4.3 Planning
- 4.3.1 Hazard identification, risk
assessment and determining controls
- 4.3.2 Legal and other requirements
- 4.3.3 Objectives and program(s)

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
2

4.1 General requirements

The organization needs to define and document the scope of the OH&S
management system.

Ensure that is implemented and truly supported throughout the organization.

Continual improvement of the Safety management system is also required.

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
3

4.1 General requirements

Once the scope is defined, all activities of the organization within that scope need to
be included in the OH&S management system.

In setting the scope, the credibility of the OH&S management system will depend
upon the choice of organizational boundaries.

Where a part of an organization is excluded from the scope of its OH&S
management system, the organization should be able to justify the exclusion.

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
4

4.2 OH&S policy

The organization's top management shall define and document the organization's
Health & Safety policy.

The purpose of the policy is to establish the framework for what has to be achieved
before moving into the PDCA cycle of planning, implementation and operation,
monitoring and corrective action, and lastly management review.

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
5

4.2 OHSAS Policy

Appropriate to the nature and scale of the organisation

Include a commitment to prevention of injury and ill health and continual
improvement

Commitment to comply with applicable OH&S legislation and other
requirements which relates to its hazards

Documented, Implemented and Maintained

Communicated to to all persons working for or on behalf of the organization

Available to interested parties

Periodically reviewed.

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
6

4.2 OHSAS Policy

Policy linked to Safety and Health Hazards:
a) be appropriate to the nature and scale of the organizations OH&S risks;
(OHSAS 18001 Clause 4.2 a)

It is clear from the above criteria, that the safety and health policy should be linked
to the safety and health hazards of the organization.

As the Safety and Health Policy must be relevant to an organization's activities,
services and their safety and health hazards, the policy should logically only be
drafted after a review of the safety and health hazards has been undertaken.

The organization need to ensure that policy and systems are, indeed, relevant to the
safety and health hazards observed.

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
7

4.2 OHSAS Policy

Commitment to Continual Improvement
The policy shall: .. include a commitment to continual improvement...
(OHSAS 18001 4.2b)

OHSAS 18001 defines continual improvement as:

Recurring process of enhancing the OH & S management system, in order to
achieve improvements in overall occupational health and safety performances,
consistent with the organizations OH & S policy

In reality, an auditor would expect an organization to demonstrate that management
system improvements had at least the potential of improving safety and health
performance, i.e. cosmetic system improvements alone would not be acceptable

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
8

4.2 OHSAS Policy

Commitment to Legal and Other Requirements
"c) includes a commitment to at least comply with applicable OH&S legislation and
with other requirements to which the organization subscribe that relate to its OH&S
hazards"
(OHSAS 18001 Clause 4.2c)

Commitment to comply with OH&S legislation and with other requirements must be
clearly stated in the policy.

This is to be ensured that the management system is capable of ensuring
compliance.

There must be full management commitment to achieve compliance and is in the
progress of achieving compliance

The system has the potential to achieve and maintain full compliance with legal and
other requirements.

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
9

4.2 OH&S policy

Communication of the policy:
"The policy shall: ...

f) be communicated to all persons working under the control of the organization
with the intent that they are made aware of their individual OH & S obligation.;
(OHSAS 18001 Clause 4.2f)

The organization is to ensure that suppliers/sub contractors of the organization are
aware of the safety and health policy and that the issues contained within it are
understood, implemented and maintained.

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
10

4.2 OHSAS Policy

The policy shall be available to interested parties.

The policy need not be actively distributed externally but must be available on request
by interested parties. But the means by which the policy is made publicly available
must be identified by the company and can vary from site to site.

The policy may be published in a safety and health report or as part of the year-end
financial report or displayed in a public place.

Based on the broad definition, interested parties could be:

-

Government Authorities,
Workers Unions
Customers
Contractors, Vendors, Suppliers
Company corporate, sister companies, subsidiaries
Visitors, Neighboring communities, Certification bodies
Non-governmental organizations, e.g. ILO (International Labor Organization)
Shareholder

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
11

OHSAS Policy Example

We at Beta Corporation affirm that we:

We will adopt and implement all applicable rules and regulations and good industry
practices relevant to the leather industry and will be committed to it.

We will prevent injury and occupation related illness to personnel associated with our
operations and prevent loss to property and continually improve our performance in safety
concerns.

We are committed to reduce loss time accidents,long term respiratory illness, hearing
problems and skin related illness.

Our subcontractors will follow all safety norms. We shall purchase materials and services
that meet relevant safety standards.

We shall communicate to our employees and all other concerned on all OHS hazards and
motivate them for active participation.
E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
12

Terms & Definitions: Hazard

Source, situation or act with a potential for harm in terms of injury
or ill health or a combination of these.
OHSAS 18001, clause 3.6

Sources , situations or acts with potential for

harm may arise from an organizations activities.
Examples include:
- Sources e.g. moving machinery, radiation or
energy sources
- Situations - e.g. working at heights
- Acts e.g. manual lifting
E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
13

Hazard identification
Process of recognising that a hazard exists and defining its
characteristics.
OHSAS 18001, clause 3.7

Hazard identification is required to determine proactively all sources,

situations or acts (or a combination of these), arising from an
organizations activities, with a potential for harm in terms of human
injury or ill health.

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
14

Safety

Control of accidental loss.

Control includes both prevention of accidents and minimization of

losses when accidents occur.

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
15

Ill health

Identifiable, adverse physical or mental condition arising

from and/or made worse by a work activity and/or workrelated situation
Clause 3.8 of OHSAS 18001:2007

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
16

Risk
Combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous
event or exposure ('s) and the severity of injury or ill health that
can be caused by the event or exposure (s).
OHSAS 18001, clause 3.21

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
17

4.3.1 Planning for Hazard identification, risk

assessment and determine controls

"The organization shall establish and maintain procedures for the ongoing
identification of hazards, the assessment of risks, and determining the necessary
controls. These shall include:
- Routine and non-routine activities;
- Activities of all personnel having access to the workplace (including subcontractors
and visitors);
- Human behavior, capabilities and other human factors
- Infrastructure, equipment and material at the work place, whether provided by the
organization or others.

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
18

4.3.1 Planning for Hazard Identification, risk

assessment and determine controls

Contractors and Visitors

"... The hazard identification and risk assessment shall take into account;

Identifying hazards originating outside the workplace capable of adversely affecting
the health & safety of persons under the control of the organization within the work
place."

infrastructure, equipment and materials at the work place, whether provided by the
organization or others

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
19

4.3.1 Planning for Hazard Identification, risk

assessment and determine controls

Hazard identification and the assessment of significance is the key to the
whole system as it is the impacts of significant risks that need to be
managed.

Hazard identification is to determine proactively all sources, situations or acts (or a
combination of these), arising from an organizations activities, with a potential for
harm in terms of human injury or ill health.

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
20

Hazard Identification

Hazard identification is to consider the different types of hazards in the workplace,
such as Physical, Chemical, Biological and Psychosocial hazards.

It is required for the organization to establish specific hazard identification tools and
techniques that are relevant to the scope of the organization.

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
21

Types of Hazards
Chemical


Physical

Biological

Ergonomic
Physiological
Psychological

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
22

Source of Hazards
Chemical


Explosives

Corrosives

Flammable liquids

Toxic chemicals

Oxidizing materials

Dangerous gases




E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
23

Physical
Noise
Vibration
Temperature
Radiation
 Ionizing
 Non-ionizing
 Infrared
 Ultraviolet
 Microwave
 Laser

Sources of Health Hazards

Airborne Particulates


Dusts

Fumes

Smokes

Aerosols

Mists

Gases

Vapours

Biological
 Bacteria
 Fungi
 Moulds
 Mites
 Insects
 Plants
 Viruses

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
24

Health Hazards: Ergonomics

Physiological factors
- Lifting
- Cumulative Trauma
Disorders
- Fatigue

Psychological factors
-

Monotony
Personal relationships
Work - rest cycles

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
25

Examples: Sources of information/input for

Hazard Identification

Occupational health & safety monitoring data

Occupational exposure and health assessments

Records of incidents (Near miss as well as accidents)

Reports from previous audits, assessments or reviews,

Input from employees and other interested parties

Applicable legal & other requirements

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
26

Examples: Sources of Information/Input for

Hazard Identification

Information from employee OH&S consultations

Process review and improvement activities in the workplace

Information on best practice and/or typical hazards in similar organizations,

Reports of incidents that have occurred in similar organizations.

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
27

Examples: Sources of information/input for

Hazard Identification

Information on the facilities, processes and activities of the organization,
including
Workplace design, Traffic plans (e.g. pedestrian walkways, vehicle routing),
site plan (s),
Process Flowcharts and operations manuals
Inventories of hazardous materials (raw materials, chemicals, wastes, products,
sub-products),
- Equipment specifications
- Product specifications, material safety data sheets, toxicology and other OH&S
data.
-

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
28

Examples: Sources of information/input for

Hazard Identification

Routine activities & situations (regular activities & situations):
- Examples: Operation of production equipment, Scheduled maintenance.

Non-routine (e.g. periodic, occasional, or emergency) activities and

situations.
- Examples: Facilities or equipment cleaning, Temporary process
modifications, non-scheduled maintenance, plant or equipment startups/shut-downs etc.

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
29

Examples: Sources of information/input for Hazard

Identification

Hazards which occur or originate outside the workplace that can have an impact on
individuals within the workplace (e.g. releases of toxic materials from neighbouring
operations).

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
30

Examples: Sources of information/input for Hazard

Identification

Hazard identification considering all persons having access to the

workplace. e.g.
- Customers, Visitors, Service Contractors, Delivery Personnel, and Employees
and the hazards and risks arising from their activities,
- Hazards arising from the use of products or services supplied to the organization
by them,
- Their degree of familiarity with the workplace, and their behaviour.

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
31

Examples: Sources of information/input for Hazard

Identification

Human factors
Human capabilities:
Psychological capabilities: Mental processes involved in gaining knowledge
and comprehension, including thinking, knowing, remembering, judging, and
problem solving
Physiological capabilities: Biomechanical, anthropometrics/ physical variation of
people: E.g. Switch of a machine located at a height beyond reach of an
operator of short height, Strength varies widely : strength is different for 18
and 79 years old etc.
Human behaviour: Temperament, habits, attitude: These might lead to unsafe
acts & behaviours. E.g. Failure to use personnel protective equipments, failure to use
handrail on a stair case.

Human Limitations:
The nature of the job: Workplace layout, operator information, work load,
physical work, work patterns: This is required to be suitable to the individual
capabilities.
Work environment: Heat, lighting, noise, air quality: May lead to hazards
such as operator stress.
E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
32

4.3.1 Planning for Hazard Identification, risk assessment

and determine controls

Furthermore, OHSAS 18001 defines occupational health and safety as:

"Conditions and factors that affect or could affect the health and safety of
employee or other workers including temporary workers and contractor
personnel, visitors and any other person in the work place.
(OHSAS 18001, 3.12)

The activities of contractors and visitors on site need to be assessed. The impact
of on-site conditions, factors and hazards on contractors and visitors activities and
vice-versa (i.e. the risk and hazards of contractor and visitors activities on the site)
must be identified and assessed.

The assessment process will also include all facilities provided by contractors or
supplied by others. The responsibility for all work activities on-site is placed on the
organization which is the occupier of the site.

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
33

Critical success factors for Hazard Identification

Inputs from people who have knowledge of its processes, tasks or systems

Observations of behaviour and work practices and analyses of the underlying
causes of unsafe behaviour,

Benchmarking

Interviews and Surveys

Safety Tours and Inspections

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
34

Critical success factors for Hazard Identification

Incident reviews and subsequent analyses

Monitoring and assessment of hazardous exposures (chemical and physical
agents),

Workflow and process analysis, including their potential for creating unsafe
behaviour.

Hazard identification is to be conducted by a person(s) with competence in relevant
hazard identification methodologies and techniques and appropriate knowledge of
the work activity.

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
35

4.3.1 Planning for Hazard Identification, Risk

Assessment and determine controls

The organization is to ensure Identification and evaluation of all possible
outcomes associated with all the organizations activities. For safety and
health management, this would mean the identification of (all) hazards and
the evaluation of each risk for :
- Development of controls to eliminate or reduce the risks.
- Implementation of control and review adequacy of control
- Systematic and Comprehensive Process

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
36

Risk Management Fundamentals

Risk Management
Risk Assessment
Risk Analysis
Source Identification
Risk Estimation
Risk Evaluation
Risk Treatment
Risk Avoidance
Risk Optimization
Risk Transfer
Risk Retention
Risk Acceptance
E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
37

Risk Management Process

Risk Management process include the following five activities:

Hazard identification methodology
establish and maintain procedure

Hazard Identification

inventory of all hazards

Risk assessment - determination of risk

hazard analysis, determination of consequences and significance

Risk Control
control measures for significant risk

Update and review

3
4
5

control measures
E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
38

Purpose of Risk Management

Risk management process should be able to identify all loss exposures
and to foresee all possible events (incidents, accidents, emergency
situations, etc) and their consequences;

Be able to assess the risk accurately and identify the significant (or
unacceptable) risks;

Be able to develop the most cost-effective control measures which
eliminate and minimize all of the risks to an acceptable level.

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
39

Risk Assessment
Process of evaluating the risk(s), arising from a hazard(s), taking
into account the adequacy of any existing controls, and deciding
whether or not the risk(s) is acceptable.
OHSAS 18001, clause 3.22
A risk assessment process is simply a structured and systematic way of asking the
following questions:

What are the possible outcomes? Or, what can go wrong?

How bad can it be?

How likely (or probable) is it going to happen?

Can we accept it?

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
40

Examples:
HAZARDS

RISKS

Slips, falls

Severity
-

Lifting and handling hazards

- MINOR - cuts, bruises, irritation

- M AJOR - burns, concussion
,fractures , deafness, lung
disorders
- SEVERE- poisoning, fatal injury,
cancer, multiple fracture

Operation hazards

Dismantling

Maintenance, repair

Commissioning

Fire and explosion

Vehicle

Violence

Likelihood
-

Inhalation

Eye damage hazards

Skin contact

Electric shocks

Contractors etc .....
E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Injuries

Module 3
41

number of personnel exposed

frequency and duration of exposure
failure and shutdown
unsafe acts being performed

Hazard identification & Risk Assessment Methodology

Methodologies for Hazard identification & risk assessment vary greatly across
industries, ranging from simple assessments to complex quantitative analyses with
extensive documentation.

Different methods may be deployed depending on individual hazards e.g. an
assessment of long term exposure to chemicals can need a different method than
that taken for equipment safety or for assessing an office workstation.

Appropriate methodologies are to be chosen for each organization based on its
scope, nature and size, and considering needs in terms of detail, complexity, time,
cost and availability of reliable data.

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
42

Prepare Procedure

Identify Hazards

Evaluate Risk
Occurrences

Extreme risk

Severity

High risk

Moderate risk

Low risk

Establish significant risks - Prepare risk reduction program

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
43

Examples: Inputs for risk assessment

Details of location (s) where work is carried out

Proximity and scope for hazardous interaction between activities in the
workplace,

Security arrangements

Human capabilities, behaviour, competence, training and experience of those who
normally and/or occasionally carry out hazardous tasks,

Toxicological data, epidemiological data and other health related information,

Proximity of other personnel (e.g. cleaners, visitors, contractors, the public) who
might be affected by hazardous work,

Details of any work instructions, systems of work and/or permit-to-work procedures,
prepared for hazardous tasks.

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
44

Examples of risk assessment inputs

Manufacturers or suppliers instructions for operation and maintenance of
equipment and facilities

The availability and use of control measures : e.g. for ventilation, guarding,
personal protective equipment (PPE), etc.

Abnormal conditions : e.g. the potential interruption of utility services such as
electricity and water, or other process failures,

Environmental conditions affecting the workplace

The potential for failure of plant and machinery components and safety devices or
for their degradation from exposure to the elements or process materials,

Details of access to, and adequacy/condition of emergency procedures, emergency
escape plans, emergency equipment, emergency escape routes (including
signage), emergency communication facilities, and external emergency support, etc.

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
45

Examples of risk assessment inputs

Monitoring data related to incidents associated with specific work activities,

Findings of any existing assessments relating to hazardous work activity,

Details of previous unsafe acts either by the individuals performing the activity or by
others (e.g. adjacent personnel, visitors, contractors, etc.),

The potential for a failure to induce associated failures or disabling of control
measures,

The duration and frequency at which tasks are carried out

The accuracy and reliability of the data available for the risk assessment,

Any legal and other requirements which prescribe how the risk assessment has to
be performed or what constitutes an acceptable risk, e.g. sampling methods to
determine exposure, use of specific risk assessment methods, or permissible
exposure levels.

Risk assessment should be conducted by a person(s) with competence in relevant
risk assessment methodologies and techniques and appropriate knowledge of the
work activity.

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
46

Some Examples of Risk Assessment Methodologies

What if Analysis

Risk Matrix

HAZOP (Hazard and operability Studies)

FMEA/FMECA (Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis)

FTA (Fault Tree Analysis)

ETA (Event Tree Analysis)

Quantitative techniques

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
47

Risk Assessment Methodologies vs. Time involvement

 Event Modeling
SS
TT
RR
UU
CC
TT
UU
RR
EE

 Hazop
 FMEA
 Fault Tree
 Potential Problem Analysis (K.T.)
 Group Risk Assessment
 What If Technique
 Checklist
 Simple Risk Assessment
Time

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
48

Group Risk Assessments

A Semi-Quantitative Approach
to OH&S 4.3.1
A practical way to evaluate...

Activities, Products, and
Services

Work Situations

Processes

Loss Exposures, Risks, Hazards

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
49

Steps for Group Risk Assessments

1.

Define system / scope

2.

Identify item(s)

3.

List concern(s)

4.

State impact explanation and rating

5.

State probability explanation and rating

6.

Determine risk level

7.

Plan risk controls

8.

Know the residual risks

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
50

Group Risk Assessments

Identify All Loss Exposures

Planned Inspections

Group Meetings

Accident Investigations and Analyses

Employee Surveys

OHS Management System Audits

Hazard Surveys

Other Activities

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
51

5x5 Model
I
M
P
A
C
T

Extreme risk cannot accept

High risk must act

Moderate risk must

ensure controls

Low risk

1
1

LIKELIHOOD

Likelihood

IMPACT
Finan, Loss

Injury/
Ill health

Environment

Production

Permanent
ecological
damage

Stoppage >1 day

High damage

Will happen
daily to weekly

Will happen
many times in a
month
Will happen
once every
week
Will happen
every month
Unlikely

> Rs 50 M

Multiple
fatality

> Rs 10 M

Single fatality
Disability

> Rs 1.0 M

Serious injury

Major spill

> Rs 100 K

< Rs 10000

Off site
treatment
Minor injury,
First aid

Release
within limits
Minor spill/
emission

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
52

Stoppage half day

Medium damage
Multiple complaint
Stoppage 1 day
Customer complaint

Stoppage half day

Medium damage
Stoppage less than
one hr.
Low damage

HERARCHY OF CONTROLS

Elimination e.g. modify a design to eliminate the hazard, e.g. introduce
mechanical lifting devices to eliminate the manual handling hazard

Substitution e.g. substitute a less hazardous material or reduce the
system energy such as lower the force, amperage, pressure, temperature,
etc.

Engineering controls e.g. install ventilation systems, machine guarding,
interlocks, sound enclosures, etc.;

Signage, warnings, and/or administrative controls e.g. safety signs,
hazardous area marking, photo-luminescent signs, markings for pedestrian
walkways, warning sirens/lights, alarms, safety procedures, equipment
inspections, access controls, tagging and work permits, etc.

Personal protective equipment (PPE) e.g. safety glasses, hearing
protection, face shields, safety harnesses and lanyards, respirators and
gloves.
E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
53

Review & Update

The organization should define the nature, schedule and timing for review, scope
and methodology for any form of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk
control that it uses or plans to use.

There may also be legal or other requirements for periodic review and update of risk
assessment studies.

Risk assessment need not be a periodical once a year affair.

Additional risk assessments may need to be carried to further evaluate high risk
hazards or evaluate the effectiveness of proposed risk control measures. Similarly,
preliminary risk analysis may need to be carried out before conceptual design stage.

They could also be part of a "management of change" system put in place to review
changes to technology, facility and even responsibilities.

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
54

Management Of Change

Although it is often used as a term of art in the safety field, management of change
is not a defined term in OHSAS 18001:2007. It is, however; vital to an effective
OH&S management system.

Explicit requirements for management of change were added into section 4.3.1 of
OHSAS 18001 in the 2007 revision of the standard. This addition was an explicit
request of the American Industrial Hygiene Association for purposes of aligning
OHSAS 18001 with the U.S. Occupational Health and Safety Management System
standard ANSI/AIHA Z10-2005.

In addition, management of change is also an explicit requirement for safety

management systems implemented to comply with the Seveso II Directive (see
Annex III of EU Council Directive 96/82/EC).

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
55

Management of Change

The following requirements related to management of change were added in section
4.3.1:

The procedures for hazard identification and risk assessment shall take into
account:

g) changes or proposed changes in the organization, its activities or materials; h)
modifications to the OH&S management system, including temporary changes, and
their impacts on operations, processes and activities;. For the management of
change, the organization shall identify the OH&S hazards and risks associated with
changes in the organization, the OH&S management system or its activities, prior to
the introduction of such changes.

In addition, reference to Management of Change was also included in section 4.4.6:

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
56

What is Change?

Identification of the hazards associated with change

Assessment of the risks associated with change

Consideration of OH&S hazards and risks prior to the introduction of the change

Implementation of the controls needed to address the hazards and risks associated
with the change

For purposes of management of change within an OH&S management system, the
changes that need to be addressed include:

Organizational changes (e.g. personnel or staffing changes)

Activity changes (e.g. changes to processes, equipment, infrastructure, software)

Material changes (e.g. new chemicals, packaging)

Changes to the OH&S management system (e.g. procedures)

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
57

Why Management of Change?

Ineffective management of change is one of the leading causes of serious
incidents. As per U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB)

In industry, as elsewhere, change often brings progress. But it can also increase
risks that, if not properly managed, create conditions that may lead to injuries,
property damage or even death.

Ineffective management of change is one of the major contributing factors in many

of the incident investigations conducted by the CSB. To check it out, go to the CSB
web site at http://www.csb.gov/ and enter management of change as your search
term at the link Search this Site.

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
58

Legal and other requirements

The organization shall establish and maintain a procedure(s) for identifying and
accessing the legal and other OH&S requirements that are applicable to it.

The organization shall ensure that these applicable legal requirements and other
requirements to which the organization subscribes are taken into account in
establishing, implementing and maintaining its OH & S management system.

The organization shall keep this information unto date.

It shall communicate relevant information on legal and other requirements to
personnel working for or on its behalf, and other relevant interested parties.

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
59

4.3.2 Legal and other requirements

Analysis of the requirements of Clause 4.3.2 and other related clauses

Basically, the OH & S MANAGEMENT SYSTEM must be capable of ensuring
compliance to legal and other requirements. To do so effectively, OH & S system is
to include
- There should be procedure for identifying and assessing legal and other
requirements
- These legal and other requirements are taken into consideration while
establishing, implementing and maintaining the OH & S system.
- Information shall be updated & also be communicated to the personnel working
for or on its behalf and other relevant interested parties

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
60

4.3.3 Objectives & Program (s)

Objectives to be established and documented at each relevant function and level &
should consider
- legal and other requirements
- hazards and risks
- technical options
- financial, operational and business requirements
- views of other parties

Establish, implement and maintain a program (s) for achieving its objectives
- Designation of responsibility and authority for achieving objectives.
- Means and time frame by which the objectives are to be achieved.
- These program (s) should be reviewed at planned intervals

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
61

4.3.3 Objectives and program (s)

Objectives and targets must be documented and consistent with policy and the
identified significant risks. Objectives need to be set (cascaded down) to all
appropriate levels of the organization.

The Objectives need to be supported by a plan or program setting out what is to be
done, by whom and in what time frame. This is the OH & S Management program.

Employees responsible for achieving objectives and targets need to been involved
in their development so as to ensure understanding and reality.

Objectives and targets must be measurable (S.M.A.R.T), and reviewed and revised
where necessary:
- Specific
- Measurable
- Achievable
- Relevant
- Time-bound

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
62

Types of Objectives
Objectives can be:

Qualitative vs. Quantitative

Proactive vs. Ractive

Broad vs. Specific

The content of objectives can be of the following type:

Risk reduction objectives

System improvement objectives

Monitoring objectives

Proactive Objectives

Reactive Objectives
E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
63

Examples of objectives
Risk reduction objectives

The Maintenance Department will replace all the faulty pressure gauges in the tank
yard to prevent a recurrence of tank collapse by the 3rd quarter of 2007.

The plant A will reduce the number of LTI (Lost-Time Incidents)
17 cases in 2006.

by 20% from

System objectives:

The Administration Department will provide Emergency Response. Hazards
awareness course to all office personnel by June 2007.

The Human Resource Department will implement a company-wide hazard reporting
system and a reward scheme by end of 2007.

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
64

Examples of objectives
Monitoring objectives:

The Purchase Manager will monitor the development and availability of new
personal protective equipment for the safe removal and disposal of asbestos for our
asbestos-disposal workers.

Proactive objectives:

The Inspection Section will send all technicians for the general safety and health
inspection course by mid-2007.

All department heads will implement a weekly department safety briefing and by
end August 2007.

Reactive objectives:

The production department to decrease the accident frequency rate by 20% for this
year 2007.

The maintenance workshop will reduce property damage by $100, 00 for 2007.

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
65

Policy

Objectives / Program

Policy:

To minimize injuries and illnesses to employees

Objective:

To reduce the LTA rate by half over the next two fiscal
years.

Program:

To reduce the number of back injuries in Shipping and

receiving Dept. by 20% for fiscal year 2010.

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
66

E-learning of OHSMS
30 July 2009

Module 3
67