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Renato Feres
Washington University in St. Louis
Department of Mathematics
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Primary faces
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Thermodynamic space
To specify the kinetic state of one mole of gas we need:
3 velocity components for each of 6.022 1023 molecules.
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n-dimensional balls
The pythagorean formula in dimension n is
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rn
In dimension 2,
r2 =
In dimension n,
rn =
1 2
1 2 1 1
( ) + ( ) = ( 2 1) .
4
4
4 4
1 2
1
1 2 1
( ) + + ( ) = ( n 1)
4
4
4
4
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Volumes
n
1 2e
n/2
Vol (B (1)) =
.
n
n
( n2 + 1)
n
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(1
) .
Vol(Bn (r))
rn
r
The volume inside a ball (for big n) is mostly near the surface.
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n
radius rn
2e
about 96% of the volume lies in the (relatively very thin) slab
1
1
{x Bn (rn ) x1 } .
2
2
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Hyper-area of slices
Associated to the n-dimensional cube of side 1, define:
e=
1 (1, . . . , 1),
n
0.8
0.4
0
-1.5
t
-1
-0.5
0.5
Theorem (CLT)
x1 + + xn
Vn1 (t) = Voln1 ({x
= t})
n
1.5
6 6t2
e
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x) =
lim Prob (
n
n
x
6 6t2
e
dt
600
Probability experiment:
500
400
300
200
100
0
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0.5
1.5
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