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Specification C-CS-15-011
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Originator
(name/initials)
Tim Chan
Tim Chan
Rev
Date
18Jan05
10May05
Revision Description
Issued for Approval
Issued for Construction
; New Issue
APPROVALS
ORIGINAL SIGNED BY
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DATE
CLIENT
DATE
Project Manager:
Engineering Manager:
Brad Matthews
10May05
Manuel Echevarria
10May05
Tim Chan
10May05
Process Approval:
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1.
Table of Contents
GENERAL ...................................................................................................................................................3
1.1
Summary ......................................................................................................................................................3
1.2
References...................................................................................................................................................3
1.3
1.4
Submittals.....................................................................................................................................................6
1.5
Delivery ........................................................................................................................................................7
2.
PRODUCTS ................................................................................................................................................8
2.1
General.........................................................................................................................................................8
2.2
Materials.......................................................................................................................................................9
2.3
2.4
3.
EXECUTION..............................................................................................................................................15
3.1
Preparation.................................................................................................................................................15
3.2
Installation ..................................................................................................................................................16
3.3
Testing........................................................................................................................................................22
3.4
4.
ATTACHMENTS .......................................................................................................................................24
1.
GENERALIDADES ...................................................................................................................................26
1.1
Resumen ....................................................................................................................................................26
1.2
Referencias ................................................................................................................................................26
1.3
1.4
Remisiones ................................................................................................................................................30
1.5
Entrega.......................................................................................................................................................31
2.
PRODUCTOS............................................................................................................................................32
2.1
Generalidades............................................................................................................................................32
2.2
Materiales...................................................................................................................................................32
2.3
Criterios de Diseo.....................................................................................................................................37
2.4
3.
EJECUCIN..............................................................................................................................................39
3.1
Preparacin................................................................................................................................................39
3.2
Instalacin ..................................................................................................................................................39
3.3
Ensayos......................................................................................................................................................46
3.4
4.
ANEXOS ...................................................................................................................................................48
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GENERAL
1.1
Summary
This specification prescribes requirements for cast-in-place concrete construction.
A.
B.
Scope of Specification
1.
2.
3.
4.
Detailing, providing fabrication, and placing steel bar reinforcing, including reinforcing
supports and accessories.
5.
Related Specifications
The following specifications prescribe items of related work:
1.
C-CS-15-031
Grouts
2.
C-CS-15-032
3.
C-CS-15-033
Coordinate Work prescribed by this specification with Work prescribed by the above listed
specifications.
1.2
References
The publications listed below form part of this specification to the extent referenced in this
specification. Each publication shall be the latest revision and addendum in effect on the date this
specification is IFC (Issued for Construction) unless noted otherwise. Except as modified by the
requirements specified herein or the details of the drawings, work included in this specification shall
conform to the applicable provisions of these publications. If there is a discrepancy between the
references and this specification, the most stringent requirement shall govern.
A.
ACI 270R
Mass Concrete
2.
ACI 211.1
3.
ACI 211.2
4.
ACI 214
5.
ACI 301
6.
ACI 302.1R
7.
ACI 304R
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B.
8.
ACI 304.2R
9.
ACI 305R
10.
ACI 306R
11.
ACI 308
12.
ACI 315
13.
ACI 318/318R
14.
ACI 347R
15.
ACI 504R
16.
ACI SP-15
17.
ACI SP-66
C.
ASTM A82
2.
ASTM A184/A184M
3.
ASTM A185
4.
ASTM A497
5.
ASTM A615/A615M
6.
ASTM A767/A767M
7.
ASTM A775/A775M
8.
ASTM A820
9.
ASTM C29/C29M
10.
ASTM C31/C31M
11.
ASTM C33
12.
ASTM C39
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ASTM C40
14.
ASTM C88
15.
ASTM C94
16.
ASTM C109/C109M
17.
ASTM C117
18.
ASTM C123
19.
ASTM C127
20.
ASTM C128
Fine
21.
ASTM C131
22.
ASTM C136
23.
ASTM C138
24.
ASTM C142
25.
ASTM C143
26.
ASTM C150
27.
ASTM C171
28.
ASTM C172
29.
ASTM C173
30.
ASTM C227
31.
ASTM C260
Concrete
Standard
32.
ASTM C289
33.
ASTM C295
34.
ASTM C309
35.
ASTM C330
36.
ASTM C494
Specification
for
Air-Entraining
Admixtures
for
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D.
37.
ASTM C595
38.
ASTM C618
39.
ASTM C882
40.
ASTM C1017
41.
ASTM C1157/C1157M
42.
ASTM D75
43.
ASTM D412
44.
ASTM D512
45.
ASTM D624
46.
ASTM D994
47.
ASTM D1056
48.
ASTM D1751
49.
ASTM E329
Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Rubbers and Thermoplastic Elastomers - Tension
Standard Test Methods for Chloride Ion in Water
Standard Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional
Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers
Standard Specification for Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for
Concrete (Bituminous Type)
Standard Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials - Sponge or
Expanded Rubber
Standard Specification for Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for
Concrete Paving and Structural Construction (Nonextruding and
Resilient Bituminous Types)
Standard Specification for Agencies Engaged in the Testing
and/or Inspection of Materials Used in Construction
E.
1.3
Pre-Concrete Conference
Concrete Supplier, Construction Manager, Concrete Contractor, Admixture Supplier, Testing
Laboratory, and the Owner shall meet before submittal of mix design to review specifications, discuss
detailed requirements for preparing mix designs, and to establish proper construction procedures.
1.4
Submittals
A.
The Contractor shall submit 1 copy of the following documentation to the Owner for review and
approval 14 days prior to placing any concrete, or as required by Project requirements:
1.
Mix Designs
Mix designs shall be proportioned in accordance with Section 4 of ACI 301. Submit mix
designs for each combination of ingredients on each class of concrete for review.
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1.5
2.
Trial batch qualification test results, or complete standard deviation analysis based on
previous field experience.
3.
4.
5.
Material suppliers, sources, properties, and certifications. Certifications include but not
limited to cement certifications, mineral additive certifications, fine and coarse aggregate
certifications, and admixture certifications.
6.
B.
Prior to the production of concrete, the Contractor shall submit to the Owner for record only, 1
copy of Manufacturer's specifications with application and installation instructions for proprietary
materials and items including bonding agents, form release agents, water stops, joint systems,
chemical floor hardeners, dry shake finish materials, liquid curing compounds, and prepackaged
repair materials. Also, include a statement showing product selections comply with VOC
(Volatile Organic Compounds) and environmental regulations of the locality.
C.
Prior to the production of concrete, the contractor shall submit to the Owner a complete
description of proposed curing methods.
D.
A delivery ticket for each batch, conforming to Section 16 of ASTM C94 shall be given to the
Owner's Testing Agent at the point of delivery.
E.
The Independent Testing Agent shall submit slump test and compression test results to the
Owner on a weekly basis. Breaks of 3.44 MPa (500 psi) below the specified design strength at
28 days shall be submitted on the same day. Reports shall contain the project identification
name and number, date of concrete placement, name of contractor, name of concrete supplier
and truck number, name of concrete testing service, concrete type and class, location of
concrete in structure, design compressive strength at 28 days, compressive break strength, and
type of break.
F.
Prior to placing reinforcing steel, the contractor shall submit the following for review by the
Owner:
1.
2.
3.
Certified mill test reports for each bar size for each heat of reinforcing steel delivered.
Delivery
A.
Concrete
1.
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2.
Delivery Tickets
A delivery ticket shall be furnished in triplicate by the batch plant with each batch delivered
to the construction site setting forth the following information:
B.
2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Weight of cement.
j.
k.
l.
m.
3.
Water reducing, accelerating, and air entraining admixtures are to be added at the batch
plant, while accelerators and retarders may be added at the batch plant or jobsite. Refer to
ACI 304R, Section 4.5, for requirements for charging of ingredients into the mixer.
4.
Add high range water reducing admixtures to the concrete at the project site, after
verification of the initial slump.
Reinforcing Steel
1.
Reinforcing steel shall be prepared for shipment in such a manner that quality and
cleanliness shall be maintained during shipment. Materials shall be adequately protected
against damage during shipment.
2.
3.
Store reinforcement above ground and protect from dirt, oil, and grease.
PRODUCTS
2.1
General
A.
Any product not listed under the following Materials section may be submitted to the Owner for
review and approval. A product that is not listed is not to be used without written approval of the
Owner.
B.
Products shall meet applicable local VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) regulations.
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Materials
A.
B.
C.
Concrete Materials
1.
Cement: ASTM C150, Type II, or as shown and indicated on drawings; use only 1 brand
for all cement.
2.
3.
Fine and coarse aggregates: ASTM C33 for normal weight concrete; ASTM C330 for
lightweight concrete.
4.
Water: Mixing water for concrete shall meet the requirements of ASTM C94.
Admixtures
1.
Air entrainment: ASTM C260, liquid air-entraining admixture, equivalent to Micro Air by the
Masterbuilders Co., or Air Mix by the Euclid Chemical Co., or approved equal.
2.
Water reducing: ASTM C494, Type A, Equivalent to Pozzalith 200N by the Masterbuilders
Co., or Eucon WR-75 or Eucon WR-91 by the Euclid Chemical Co., or approved equal.
3.
Water reducing, retarding: ASTM C494, Type D, equivalent to Pozzalith 122R by the
Masterbuilders Co., or Retarder 75 by the Euclid Chemical Co., or approved equal.
4.
5.
6.
Admixtures containing calcium chloride, thiocyanates, or any admixture shall not contribute
more than 5 ppm (0.005 percent).
7.
Concrete Accessories
1.
Bonding compounds: Rewettable; the compound shall be a polyvinyl acetate type such as
Euco Weld by the Euclid Chemical Company on areas not exposed to moisture. Obtain
Owner's approval prior to use.
2.
Epoxy adhesive: The compound shall be a 2-component, 100 percent solids, 100 percent
reactive compound suitable for use on dry or damp surfaces, Euco Epoxy Number 452MV
or Number 620 by the Euclid Chemical Company or Sikadure Hi-Mod by the Sika Chemical
Company.
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Repair topping (Thickness of 1.6mm to 13mm (1/16" to 1/2")): Latex and microsilica
modified cementitious mortar designed for use as a floor or deck topping. Thin-Top
Supreme by the Euclid Chemical Company, or approved equal.
Repair topping (thickness of 13mm to 50mm (1/2" to 2")): Latex and microsilica modified
cementitious mortar designed for use as a floor or deck topping. Concrete-Top Supreme
by the Euclid Chemical Company, or approved equal.
D.
4.
Underlayment Compound:
Free-flowing, self-leveling, pumpable cementious base
compound, "Flow-Top" by Euclid Chemical Company, or Approved Equal.
5.
Vapor barrier: 0.15mm (6 mil) thick clear polyethylene film or fabric reinforced plastic film,
type recommended for below grade applications.
6.
7.
8.
Liquid Densifier: Siliconate compound which reacts with the concrete constituents to
harden the surface, such as Diamond Hard by the Euclid Chemical Company.
9.
Anti-Corrosion Epoxy / Cementitious Adhesive: Water-based epoxy resin for adhesion and
corrosion protection of reinforcing members equivalent to Corr-Bond by the Euclid
Chemical Company.
10.
Concrete floor hardener shall be master plate 200 (colored gray) metallic hardener by
Masterbuilders (or approved equal), or colorcron (colored gray) floor hardener by
Masterbuilders (or approved equal). Refer to design drawing for location and extent of
floor surface treatment,
No curing agents, sealers, or release agents, other than approved water base, shall be
used where protective coating is used on the concrete.
2.
Liquid membrane curing compounds conforming to ASTM C309, Type I, ID, Class A and B
shall be water clear, styrene acrylate type, minimum solids content 30 percent; maximum
moisture loss as determined by independent testing laboratory tests shall not exceed
0.039 grams per square centimeter when applied at a coverage rate of 7.36 square meters
per litre (300 square feet per gallon). The curing and sealing compound shall be certified
to comply with this specification and Federal Specification TT-C800A, Type I. Application
rate shall not exceed that as stated by the manufacturer which shall meet the above
moisture retention requirements. Products shall be equal to Super Diamond Clear VOX or
Super Aqua-Cure VOX by the Euclid Chemical Co., Master Kure 300W by the
Masterbuilders Co., Dress and Seal 30 or Dress and Seal 30 WB by L & M Construction
Chemicals, Inc., or Owner approved equal. These products also seal and dustproof.
3.
Liquid chemical curing compounds conforming to ASTM C309, Type I, ID, Class A and B,
shall be Master Kure or Master Kure 100W by Masterbuilders, Inc., Kurez DR by the Euclid
Chemical Co., L & M Cure R by L & M Construction Chemicals, Inc., or Owner approved
equal and have a minimum solids content of 14 percent.
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In areas that require VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) compliance for curing
compounds, the contractor shall select a product and submit for the Owner's approval;
especially in enclosed areas of existing operating plants.
5.
Polyethylene film: ASTM C171, 0.10 mm (4 mil) thick, clear, white opaque color, or black.
6.
Absorptive mats: ASTM C171, cotton fabric or burlap-polyethylene, minimum 8 ounce per
square yard, bonded to prevent separation during handling and placing.
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E.
Joint Primer
A 2-component penetrating liquid urethane based primer, for use with urethane and epoxy
sealants such as Eucolastic Primer by Euclid Chemical Co. or U-Seal Joint Sealant 3203
Primer by Burke.
2.
Backup Material
ASTM D1056, round closed cell foam rod; oversized 30 to 50 percent larger than joint
width.
3.
4.
5.
F.
Waterstop
a.
Waterstops shall be dumbbell or centerbulb type and shall be made from extruded
PVC (polyvinyl chloride) with a minimum width of 150mm (6 inches), unless noted
otherwise. Corners and intersections shall be prewelded.
b.
Tensile strength shall be 12.41 MPa (1800 psi) minimum, as determined by ASTM
D412 Die C method.
c.
d.
Tear resistance shall be 49.62 kN/m (3400 lb/ft) minimum as determined by ASTM
D412.
Joint Filler
a.
ASTM D994, bituminous impregnated fiberboard, 12mm (1/2 of an inch) and 25mm
(1 inch) thick.
b.
ASTM D1751; asphalt impregnated cork, with asphalt saturated glass-fiber felt liners;
12mm (1/2 of an inch) thick.
c.
Premolded joint filler shall be Elastite Asphalt Expansion Joint Filler or equal.
Joint Sealant
a.
b.
c.
Control and construction joints: Corrosion resistant, 2-component resin hardener for
joints cut with Soff-Cut saws such as MM 80 by Metzger McGuire Co., or Euco 700
by the Euclid Chemical Company.
Reinforcing Steel
1.
Fabrication
a.
Reinforcing bars: ASTM A615, deformed billet-steel bars, plain finish. Minimum
yield strength to be 414 MPa (60,000 psi).
b.
Reinforcing bar mat: ASTM A184, deformed billet-steel bars, plain finish. Minimum
yield strength to be 414 MPa (60,000 psi).
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2.
3.
G.
c.
Spiral reinforcing: ASTM A82, cold-drawn plain steel wire, plain finish; for spiral
reinforcing in columns, cast-in-place piles, drilled piers, and caissons. Minimum yield
strength to be 414 MPa (60,000 psi).
d.
Welded wire fabric: ASTM A185, cold-drawn plain steel; ASTM A497, cold-worked
deformed steel; in flat sheets, plain finish. Minimum yield strength to be 414 MPa
(60,000 psi).
e.
Coatings: ASTM A767 for galvanized coating or ASTM A775 for epoxy coating.
f.
Material shall be new and in accordance with the ASTM specification or other
recognized standards specified. Materials not manufactured in the United States
shall be submitted for approval. The owner reserves the right to reject the use of
such materials.
g.
Bar bends and fabrication tolerances shall be in accordance with ACI 315.
h.
Reinforcing steel shall be bent cold. Rebending of hooks shall not be permitted.
Bars may be straightened provided the bend is more than or equal to 2 times the
recommended minimum diameter of bends.
i.
j.
Tie wire shall be black annealed wire, 1.57mm (16 gage) minimum.
Placing drawings and bending schedules showing the number, grade, size, length,
mark, location, and bending diagrams for reinforcing steel shall be prepared in
accordance with ACI 315.
b.
c.
Each structure or foundation shall have a different identity number. Drawings shall
indicate the related PO number and drawing number.
Tag reinforcing in accordance with this specification; use embossed metal tags.
b.
Tag each bundle of bars, straight or bent, showing drawing number, structure, mark
number, bar quantity, and size.
c.
Tag stock length straight bars showing number of bars, size, and length.
H.
2.3
Design Criteria
A.
Concrete Strength
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2.
B.
a.
Foundations:
b.
Slab-on-grade (paving):
c.
d.
Manholes, drain boxes, ditch lining, end walls, curbs: f '(c) = 20 MPa (2900 psi)
e.
f.
g.
Fireproofing:
If high early strength concrete is specified, compressive strength shall be 7-day strength.
Slump
1.
2.
C.
Unless shown otherwise on drawings, minimum 28-day compressive strength f '(c) shall be
as follows:
b.
c.
d.
e.
Pours over 750mm (2.5 feet) thick: 25mm to 65mm (1 inch to 2-1/2 inches).
f.
When high range water reducer is added to maintain slump with lower water /
cement ratio, slump shall be as specified in Section 2.3B.1 of this specification, after
addition of the reducer.
b.
When high range water reducer is added to increase slump without changing water /
cement ratio, slump before addition of reducer shall be as specified in Section 2.3B.1
of this specification, and shall not exceed 200mm (8 inches) after addition of reducer.
Water-Cement Ratio
Maximum 0.40 for water retaining (hydraulic) structures and concrete subject to deicers,
brackish water, or salt spray; 0.45 for all other structures.
D.
Formwork
Design and construction shall comply with ACI 301 and the building code of the local jurisdiction.
2.4
Concrete Mixes
A.
Proportioning
1.
Proportion normal weight concrete mixes in accordance with Section 4 of ACI 301, mass
concrete mixes in accordance with Appendix 5 of ACI 211.1, and lightweight concrete
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3.
2.
Include proposed chemical admixtures in mix design in same proportions and batching
sequence as shall be used in production concrete.
3.
The proposed mix designs shall be accompanied by complete standard deviation analysis
or trial mix test data.
4.
5.
The maximum aggregate size shall be 20mm (3/4 inches) for electrical ducts, slabs and
walls less than 200mm (8 inches) thick, elevated slabs, lightweight concrete, precast
concrete sleepers and water retaining structures. For fireproofing, the maximum aggregate
size shall be 10mm (3/8 inches). For all other items, the maximum aggregate size shall be
25mm (1 inch). Refer to ACI 301 for additional requirements.
6.
B.
C.
Fly ash may be used as a cementitious material, with the fly ash replacing a maximum of
20 percent of the cement (by weight). The fly ash shall be used in calculating the water-cement
ratio and shall come from the same source.
EXECUTION
3.1
Preparation
A.
B.
Steel, ironwork, pipe sleeves, inserts, wood blocking, nailer strips, isolation joint material,
construction joint dowels, and other fixtures as shown, specified, or required to be built into
concrete shall be placed accurately and secured against displacement during concreting.
Sufficient time between erection of forms and placing concrete shall be given to the various
trades to permit proper installation of their work. The installation of anchors, inserts, and
sleeves for electrical, mechanical, plumbing, heating, and ventilation work shall be subject
to the inspection and approval of the supervisor of the particular trade or trades involved
before concrete is placed.
2.
The installation of and tolerances for anchor bolts and embedded items shall comply with
paragraph 7.5 of the AISC Code of Standard Practice.
3.
Protect bolt threads against damage and concrete; cap or plug sleeves to keep out water,
concrete, and debris.
4.
Tack welding of anchor bolts, reinforcing steel, and embedments is not permitted unless
noted on the drawings.
Placing Concrete
Preparation before placement and conveying of concrete shall be in accordance with ACI 301.
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Installation
A.
Concrete Production
Production of concrete shall comply with ACI 301. Water may be added to the mix at the point
of delivery in accordance with Section 11.7 of ASTM C94 when permitted by the Owner's testing
agent but in no case shall the total amount of water added at the jobsite and batch plant exceed
the quantity specified for the design mix.
B.
C.
Placing
1.
Placement of concrete shall be in accordance with ACI 301. The temperature of plastic
concrete, as placed, shall not exceed 32oC (90 degrees F). During cold weather, as
placed, temperature shall not be less than 10oC (50 degrees F). Hot and cold weather
concreting shall be in accordance with ACI 305 and ACI 306.
2.
Color top surface of underground duct envelopes; sprinkle colored iron oxide powder over
fresh concrete at rate of 0.5 kg/m2 (0.1 of a pound per square foot).
a.
b.
3.
Ensure that discharge of ready mixed concrete is completed within 1.5 hours after
batching. The 1.5 hours may be extended if the concrete is of such slump after 1.5 hours
(or 300 revolutions) that it can be satisfactorily placed and consolidated without the
addition of water.
4.
Maintain records of concrete placement; record date, location, quantity, air temperature,
field test results, and test samples taken; maintain concrete delivery tickets with record for
ready mixed concrete.
5.
Redosage:
Redosage with the specified high range water reducing admixture
(superplasticizer) may be done with the prior approval of the Owner regarding dosage and
time periods.
6.
Obtain replacement inspection and authorization from the Owner before placing concrete.
7.
Concrete conveying by pumping shall meet the requirements of ACI 304R, Chapter 9.
Concrete conveying by belt conveyor shall meet requirements of ACI 304R, Chapter 10.
8.
After concrete placement and form removal, clean exposed reinforcing steel and
embedded items of concrete splatter, dirt, and other foreign matter.
9.
Concrete that has achieved initial set or has been contaminated by foreign matter shall not
be deposited in the structure. Retempered concrete shall not be used.
10.
Concrete shall be limited to a maximum 1.5 meter (5 feet) free fall and horizontal flow shall
not exceed 1.5 meter (5 feet) within the forms.
11.
Concrete shall be placed in layers of 460 millimeters (18 inches). Vibrator heads shall
extend into the previously placed layer.
Slabs on Grade
1.
Construct slabs in accordance with ACI 301, ACI 302 and the drawings.
2.
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When separate floor toppings are called for, place the floor toppings to required lines and
grade after the base concrete has cured. Screed toppings level or sloped on the drawings.
4.
Floor slab tolerance shall conform to Chapter 8, Section 8.15 of ACI 302.1R (unless
otherwise noted on the design drawings).
a.
b.
5.
D.
E.
Troweled surfaces shall achieve no less than the following Composite F-numbers for
flatness and levelness:
(1)
F(f) - 20
(2)
F(f) - 15
(2)
F(l) - 10
If a vapor barrier is called for on the drawings, and if sharp backfill may puncture the
barrier, place a 100mm (4 inches) compactable fill layer as a cushion. Lap vapor barrier
150mm (6 inches) at joints and seal with duct tape. Carefully fit vapor barrier around
service openings.
Slab Finishes
1.
2.
Finish interior concrete floor slabs in accordance with ACI 302.1R for Class 5 (industrial)
floors unless otherwise shown on the drawings.
3.
Finish equipment bases with a floated finish. Finish exterior slabs, stairs, steps, ramps
and walks with a broom finish. Finish interior floor slabs with a trowel finish. Tolerance
for floor slabs shall be in accordance with ACI 117.
4.
5.
For sealing and dust proofing requirements, see section 3.2.J.5 of this specification.
6.
F.
Formwork
1.
The design, installation, and removal of formwork shall be in accordance with ACI 347
except as modified herein. Wall and soil supported member forms may be removed after
48 hours provided the concrete is sufficiently hard not to be damaged by form removal,
and provided curing operations start immediately. Self-supporting member forms may be
removed after 7 days provided the concrete strength is 80 percent of the 28-day strength.
No superimposed load shall be applied before the 28-day strength has been verified by
field cured cylinders. Formwork tolerances shall meet ACI 301 and ACI 117.
2.
Unless otherwise shown on the concrete drawings, exposed edges shall have a 25mm (1
inch) chamfer. Unexposed corners may be either square or chamfered.
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G.
H.
3.
Obtain Owners approval before framing openings in structural members if openings are
not indicated on the drawings.
4.
Do not apply form release agent wherever concrete surfaces shall receive special finishes
or wherever applied coverings are affected by agent; soak inside surfaces of untreated
forms with clean water; keep surfaces coated before placing concrete.
5.
Coordinate work of other specifications in forming and placing openings, slots, reglets,
recesses, chases, sleeves, bolts, anchors, and other inserts.
Reinforcement
1.
The grade, type, and details of reinforcing steel shall be in accordance with the design
drawings. Placement of reinforcement shall be in accordance with of ACI 301 unless
otherwise approved by the Owner.
2.
Place, support, and fasten reinforcing before placing concrete; do not insert dowels into
fresh concrete; do not float welded wire fabric down into fresh concrete. Support slab
reinforcement at the required depth and secure prior to placing concrete; do not pull
welded wire fabric up into fresh concrete as it is placed.
3.
Secure at least 25 percent of bar intersections (including wall dowels) with wire in 2-way
mats.
4.
Splice reinforcing bars only as shown on the design drawings. Necessary splices not
shown on the drawings shall be lapped sufficiently, as approved by the Owner, to develop
the strength of the bars by bond for bars through 35mm (size Number 11). Mechanical
splices shall be made only as shown and noted on the drawings. Welded splices are not
allowed.
5.
Minimum concrete cover shall be according to ACI 301. Areas subject to chemical
exposure, as noted on the design drawings, shall have a minimum cover of 50mm (2
inches), unless otherwise noted.
Joints and embedments shall be in accordance with ACI 301 unless otherwise approved
by the Owner.
2.
All sleeves, inserts, anchor bolts, waterstop and other embedded items shall be installed in
accordance with the design drawings and support against displacement.
3.
Anchor bolts shall be located within 3mm (1/8 of an inch) of design position and shall be
plumb within 4mm in meter (1/8 of an inch in 3 feet).
4.
Embedded plates shall be placed within plus or minus 6mm (1/4 of an inch) horizontally or
vertically.
5.
Construction joints shall be located as shown on the concrete drawings. Any variation
from location shown shall be approved by the Owner. Should the concrete operation
require the placement of an intermediate construction joint, the concrete shall be struck off
square with the structure, water stops added if the normal joint has a waterstop, the
location completely recorded and reported to the Owner in writing. Adjacent pour shall not
be made until a disposition has been received from the Owner.
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Construction, isolation, and control joints in slabs on grade are to be built in accordance
with and located according to the design drawings. Control joints in slab toppings are to
be located directly above and in line with the control joints in the underlying concrete slab.
Soft-Cut saw to a depth of 32mm (1.25 inches) shall be used immediately after final
finishing. Conventional saw cut joints are to begin as soon as the concrete is hard enough
to prevent raveling of the surface and dislodging of the aggregate, but no later than 12
hours after concrete placement. Prime and seal joints according to Sealant Manufacturer's
instructions. Control joints are to be cut using a Soff-Cut Saw and in strict accordance with
the saw manufacturer's written recommendations. Determine the sawing sequence based
upon slab pour time and size.
I.
7.
8.
Locate construction joints in girders, beams, and framed slabs according to the design
drawings. Obtain approval from the Owner before placing any construction joints in
locations other than that shown on the design drawings.
9.
Locate construction joints in walls no more than 30m (100 linear feet) apart. Install
weakened plane control joints at 7m (25-foot) maximum spacing between construction
joints.
10.
Provide and install waterstops in joints as detailed on drawings. Join waterstop sections
according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Anchor securely to prevent movement
during concrete placement. Provide waterstops at all joints subject to either groundwater
or process fluids. Only butt welds are permitted in the field. Reinforcement shall not be
displaced when installing waterstops.
11.
12.
Isolation joints in walls are to be provided as detailed on the drawings. Interrupt reinforcing
at isolation joints; provide and install dowels as detailed on the drawings. Install isolation
joints as located on the drawings and where paving adjoins vertical surfaces such as walls,
columns, catch basins, manholes, and equipment foundations. Gap width shall be 19mm
(3/4 of an inch) unless otherwise detailed.
13.
Control or construction joints not specified on the design drawings shall be located at the
column centerlines and at intermediate intervals so that each panel does not exceed 50
square meter (600 square feet) in area. Concrete shall be placed in alternate paving lanes
utilizing construction and control joints as specified.
Unless otherwise specified or permitted by the Owner, tie holes, honeycombs, and other
concrete surface defects shall be repaired in accordance with ACI 301, as soon as
practicable after form removal at such times and in such manner as shall not delay,
interfere with, or impair the proper curing of the fresh concrete. The Owner shall be
notified before proceeding with repair if the defect is greater than 75mm (3 inches) deep
and larger than 130000 square millimeters (200 square inches) in surface area, or if the
depth is over 1/3 the thickness of the member and greater than 150mm (6 inches) in any
other direction.
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Prepackaged grouts and patching compounds may be used after Owners approval is
obtained. As an alternate, a patching mortar similar to the concrete mix minus the coarse
aggregate can be used. Do not use more than 1 part cement to 2-1/2 parts sand by damp,
loose volume. Match the color of the surrounding area.
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J.
b.
Raise low points by using the specified underlayment compound or repair topping if
the areas are exposed.
c.
(2)
Submit demolition and replacement plan to the Owner for review and
concurrence before demolition.
(3)
Freshly deposited concrete shall be protected from premature drying and excessively hot
or cold temperatures and shall be maintained with minimal moisture loss at a relatively
constant temperature for the period of time necessary for the hydration of the cement and
proper hardening of the concrete. Curing shall conform to the requirements in ACI 301.
2.
Follow the manufacturer's recommendations for curing and sealing when hardeners,
metallic, or mineral aggregate toppings are specified on the design drawings.
3.
4.
5.
Exposed concrete floor surfaces shall be sealed and dustproofed. Where the
concrete is cured by using a liquid membrane curing compound, this sealing and
dustproofing can be a part of the curing process provided a suitable compound is
used. Where some other curing method is used, the concrete surface shall be
coated with a liquid sealing and dustproofing compound. Apply compounds in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
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6.
b.
Liquid membrane curing compounds that also seal and dustproof may be used on
exposed concrete floors. Do not use membrane forming compounds on surfaces to
receive bonded treatments, tiles, adhered finishes, paint, epoxy toppings, tiles, and
additional concrete. Unless otherwise noted, hydraulic structures are not to receive a
sealing and dustproofing.
c.
Wet cure concrete floors that are to receive bonded treatments, tiles, adhered
finishes, paint, epoxy toppings, tiles, and additional concrete. Wet cure for a
minimum of 7 days. Do not use ponding water, sprayed water, or wet sand on
exposed concrete surfaces.
7.
3.3
For massive concrete as defined in ACI 207, cure and protect in accordance with ACI 301.
Testing
A.
To ensure that ingredient materials meet the specification requirements, the following
preconstruction qualification tests shall be performed on the materials proposed for use. The
contractor shall be responsible for compiling this documentation and for having these tests
performed by a testing laboratory acceptable to the Owner. Tests on cement and admixtures
may be performed by the supplier of the particular material.
1.
Cement
Physical and chemical properties from tests referenced in ASTM C150 or C595 as
appropriate
2.
Aggregate
Required Test
Gradation
Fineness modulus
Material finer than Number 200 sieve
Organic impurities
Lightweight pieces
Friable particles
Specific gravity and absorption
Los Angeles abrasion
Potential reactivity (chemical method)
Potential reactivity (mortar-bar method)
Soundness
Petrographic examination
Unit Weight and Voids
Sand
ASTM C136
ASTM C136
ASTM C117
ASTM C40
ASTM C123
ASTM C142
ASTM C128
-ASTM C289
ASTM C227
ASTM C88
ASTM C295
ASTM C29
Stone
ASTM C136
-ASTM C117
-ASTM C123
ASTM C142
ASTM C127
ASTM C131
ASTM C289
ASTM C227
ASTM C88
ASTM C295
ASTM C29
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3.
4.
5.
Pozzolanic Admixtures
The tests for physical and chemical properties referenced in ASTM C618 shall be
performed.
3.4
B.
Concrete materials and operations shall be tested and inspected as the work progresses in
accordance with ACI 301. Failure to detect any defective work or material shall not in any way
prevent later rejection when such defect is discovered nor shall it obligate the Owner for final
acceptance.
C.
Testing shall include compressive tests of molded concrete cylinders, tests for slump, unit
weight, air content (where air entrainment is required), fresh concrete temperature, and unit
weight according to ASTM C138.
D.
The rate of sampling shall be in accordance with ACI 301. Take additional samples when
observations on tests indicate nonconformance with the specifications. Cure 5 test specimens
from each placement of each class of concrete for every 75 cubic meters (100 cubic yards) or
fraction thereof in accordance with ASTM C31. Mold and test specimens in accordance with
ASTM C39 at the following intervals: 2 cylinders at 7 days, 1 cylinder at 14 days, and 2
cylinders at 28 days.
E.
2.
Reinforcing steel with rust, mill scale, or a combination of both shall be considered
satisfactory provided the minimum dimensions, including height of deformations and
weight of hard-wire-brushed test specimen, are not less than ASTM A615 requirements.
Such test shall be at the Owner's discretion.
3.
Reinforcing steel shall be free from mud, oil, or other nonmetallic coatings that adversely
affect bonding capacity.
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4.
A.
The Owner shall establish procedures for inspection, testing, acceptance criteria, and
documentation. These procedures shall define the documentation that shall be employed to
ensure that the certifications, examinations, tests, and approvals required by the contract
specifications are accomplished.
Inspection procedure shall provide for documented
preplacement inspections. Testing and acceptance of materials and concrete work shall comply
with ACI 301 unless otherwise modified herein.
B.
The Contractor shall be responsible for all quality control and testing specified in Section 3.3,
Testing, except as noted below. Contractor shall retain a testing agency that meets the
requirements of ASTM E329. The testing agency shall be subject to approval of the
Construction Manager.
C.
The Owner will retain a testing agency to perform Quality Assurance functions.
D.
The Contractors testing agency shall prepare, store and protect at the placement site, and then
transport to the Construction Managers on site testing agency, all concrete test cylinders.
E.
Curing and comprehensive strength tests of concrete cylinders will be performed by the Owners
testing agency. The Contractor may witness the test breaks as they are made.
F.
Should the contractor feel additional tests are needed for early form or support removal, it will be
Contractors responsibility to take additional cylinders as necessary, at no cost to the Owner.
G.
Acceptance of concrete shall be based upon results for slump, air content, temperature, and
strength taken at the site. Testing frequency shall be as specified in ACI 301 unless waived by
the Owner.
H.
The finished structure shall be evaluated for acceptability in accordance with of ACI 301. The
contractor shall pay costs incurred for additional testing, analyses, and any corrective work
required when the structure is found to be deficient in strength or other specified characteristics.
I.
During construction, the Contractors testing agency and the Owners Independent Testing
Agency shall inspect, sample, and test concrete materials and production of concrete as
required by the Owner. Compressive test results for 7 and 28 day breaks for each class of
concrete shall be evaluated in accordance with ACI 214 including as a minimum graph of
average strength, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and required average strength.
Failure to detect any defective work or material shall not prevent in any way later rejection when
such defect is discovered, nor shall it obligate the Owner for final acceptance. The testing and
inspection agency shall meet the requirements of ASTM E329.
ATTACHMENTS
Not applicable
End of Specification
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Origen
(nombre/iniciales)
Tim Chan
Tim Chan
Fecha
Rev.
18Ene05
10May05
Descripcin de la Revisin
Emitido para Aprobacin.
Emitido para Construcin
; Nueva Edicin
Especificacin
Totalmente
Re-Editada.
APROBACIONES
FECHA
CLIENTE
FECHA
Gerente de Proyecto:
Gerente de Ingeniera:
Brad Matthews
10May05
Manuel Echevarria
10May05
Tim Chan
10May05
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1.
GENERALIDADES
1.1
Resumen
Esta especificacin define los requerimientos para la colocacin del concreto en obra.
A.
B.
Alcances de la Especificacin
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Especificaciones Relacionadas
Las especificaciones siguientes definen el trabajo relacionado con:
1.
C-CS-15-031
2.
C-CS-15-032
3.
C-CS-15-033
Coordinar los trabajos estipulados en esta especificacin con aquellos definidos en las
especificaciones mencionadas lneas arriba.
1.2
Referencias
Las publicaciones mencionadas lneas abajo forman parte de esta especificacin en la extensin
referida en este documento. Cada publicacin ser de la ltima revisin y adendas vigentes a la fecha
en que se emita esta especificacin para la construccin, a menos que se indique de otra manera.
Excepto, como sea modificado por los requerimientos especificados aqu o en los detalles de los
planos, el trabajo incluido en esta especificacin deber estar conforme las previsiones aplicables de
estas publicaciones. Si hubiese discrepancia entre las referencias y esta especificacin, se priorizar
la ms exigente.
A.
ACI 270R
Concreto Masivo.
2.
ACI 211.1
3.
ACI 211.2
4.
ACI 214
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ACI 301
6.
ACI 302.1R
7.
ACI 304R
8.
ACI 304.2R
9.
ACI 305R
10.
ACI 306R
11.
ACI 308
12.
ACI 315
13.
ACI318/318R
14.
ACI 347R
15.
ACI 504R
16.
ACI SP-15
17.
B.
ACI SP-66
C.
ASTM A82
Armado.
ASTM A184/A184M
3.
ASTM A185
4.
ASTM A497
de
5.
ASTM A615/A615M
6.
ASTM A767/A767M
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ASTM A775/A775M
8.
ASTM A820
9.
ASTM C29/C29M
10.
ASTM C31/C31M
11.
ASTM C33
Concreto en campo.
Especificacin Estndar para Agregados del Concreto.
12.
ASTM C39
13.
ASTM C40
14.
15.
ASTM C88
mediante
Magnesio.
ASTM C94
16.
ASTM C109/C109M
Probetas
17.
ASTM C117
por
18.
ASTM C123
19.
ASTM C127
20.
ASTM C128
21.
ASTM C131
22.
Abrasin e
ASTM C136
finos
lavado.
Mtodos Estndar de Ensayo de Partculas Ligeras en
Agregados.
Mtodos Estndar de Ensayos de Gravedad Especfica y
Absorcin de Agregados Gruesos.
Mtodos Estndar de Ensayos de Gravedad Especfica y
Absorcin de Agregados Finos.
Mtodos Estndar de Ensayos de Resistencia a la Degradacin
de Agregados Gruesos de pequeo tamao por
Impacto en la Mquina de Los ngeles.
Mtodos Estndar de Anlisis Granulomtrico de Agregados
y Gruesos.
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ASTM C138
24.
ASTM C142
25.
ASTM C143
26.
ASTM C150
27.
ASTM C171
28.
ASTM C172
29.
ASTM C173
30.
ASTM C227
31.
ASTM C260
32.
ASTM C289
Mtodos Estndar de Ensayo del Potencial Reactividad SlicoAlcalina de los Agregados (Mtodo Qumico).
Gua Estndar de Exmenes Petrogrficos de Agregados para
Concreto.
Especificacin Estndar para Compuestos Formadores de
Membranas Lquidas para Curado del Concreto.
33.
ASTM C295
34.
ASTM C309
35.
ASTM C330
36.
ASTM C494
37.
ASTM C595
38.
ASTM C618
39.
ASTM C882
40.
ASTM C1017
41.
ASTM C1157/C1157M
42.
ASTM D75
43.
ASTM D412
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ASTM D512
45.
ASTM D624
Termoplsticos.
46.
47.
48.
49.
D.
ASTM D994
Especificacin Estndar para Rellenos Preformados de Juntas
de Expansin para Concreto (tipo Bituminoso).
ASTM D1056
Especificacin Estndar de Materiales celulares flexibles
Esponja o jebe expandido.
ASTM D1751
Especificacin Estndar de Rellenos Preformados de Juntas de
Expansin para Pavimentos de Concreto y Construccin
Estructural (De tipo no extrudos y bituminoso resiliente).
ASTM E329
Especificaciones Estndar para Agencias Encargadas de
Ensayos
o Inspeccin de Materiales Usados en la
Construccin.
E.
1.3
1.4
Remisiones
A.
Diseo de Mezclas
El Diseo de Mezclas deber proporcionarse en concordancia con la Seccin 4 del ACI
301. Proporcionar para revisin el Diseo de Mezclas para cada combinacin de
ingredientes del concreto, en cada clase de concreto.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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1.5
B.
C.
D.
Una boleta de entrega para cada lote, de acuerdo con la Seccin 16 del ASTM C94 deber ser
proporcionada al Agente de Ensayos del Propietario en el lugar de la entrega.
E.
El Agente Independiente de Ensayos deber remitir al propietario los resultados de los Ensayos
de Asentamiento (Slump) y de compresin semanalmente. Roturas de 3.44 MPa (500 psi) por
debajo de la resistencia de diseo especificado a los 28 das debern ser remitidas el mismo
da. Los reportes debern contener el nombre y nmero de proyecto, fecha de colocacin de
concreto, nombre del contratista, nombre del proveedor de concreto y nmero de placa del
camin, nombre del laboratorio de ensayos del concreto, clase y tipo de concreto, ubicacin del
concreto en la estructura, diseo de resistencia a la compresin a los 28 das, resistencia en
compresin a la rotura y tipo de rotura.
F.
Previo a la colocacin del acero de refuerzo, el contratista, deber remitir al Propietario para
revisin lo siguiente:
1.
Planos con la relacin de varillas de acero para la habilitacin del acero de reforzamiento.
2.
3.
Reportes de los certificados de fabricacin para cada tamao de varilla, de cada colada
de acero de reforzamiento entregado.
Entrega
A.
Concreto
1.
2.
Boletas de Entrega
La planta de dosificacin proporcionar por triplicado una boleta de entrega para cada lote
transportado a obra, consignando la siguiente informacin:
a.
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B.
2.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
3.
4.
Acero de Refuerzo
1.
El acero de refuerzo deber ser preparado para el envo de forma tal que mantenga la
calidad y sin deformaciones durante el transporte. Los materiales debern ser protegidos
adecuadamente contra daos durante el mismo.
2.
3.
Almacenar el acero de refuerzo sobre el piso, protegerlo del polvo, aceites y grasas.
PRODUCTOS
2.1
2.2
Generalidades
A.
Cualquier producto que no se encuentre listado en la seccin de Materiales deben ser revisados
y aprobados por el Propietario. Cualquier producto que no est considerado en la relacin no
ser utilizado sin aprobacin escrita del Propietario.
B.
Los productos debern cumplir con las regulaciones locales de VOC (Componentes Orgnicos
Voltiles).
Materiales
A.
Cemento: ASTM C150, Tipo II, o segn las especificaciones mostradas en los planos;
usar nicamente 1 marca para todos los cementos.
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B.
C.
2.
3.
Agregados fino y grueso: ASTM C33 para concreto de peso normal; ASTM C330 para
concreto ligero.
4.
Agua: El agua de mezclado para el concreto deber cumplir con las Normas de la ASTM
C94.
Aditivos
1.
Inclusores de aire: ASTM C260, aditivos lquidos inclusores de aire, similares a Micro Air
de la Compaa Masterbuilders, o Air Mix de la Compaa Euclid Chemical, o de una
equivalencia aprobada.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Acelerantes no corrosivos sin cloro, si fueren especificados: los aditivos cumplirn con la
Norma ASTM C494, Tipo C o E, y no contendrn mayor cantidad de in cloruro que la
contenida en el agua potable. Los fabricantes de aditivos obligatoriamente mostrarn
pruebas de corrosin de por lo menos un ao por un laboratorio independiente,
empleando ensayos aceptables de corrosin acelerada como la utilizacin de medidas de
corriente elctrica, equivalentes a Pozzutec 20 de Masterbuilders, o Accelguard 80 de la
Compaa Euclid Chemical, o de una equivalencia aprobada.
6.
7.
2.
3.
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D.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Los morteros de reparacin debern ser polmeros modificados que fluyan libremente con
recubrimientos cementosos equivalentes a
Euco Thin Coat (para reparaciones
horizontales) o Verticoat (para reparaciones verticales o sobre cabeza) de la Compaa
Euclid Chemical.
8.
9.
Adhesivos Cementosos / Epxicos Anti -corrosin: resinas epxicas a base de agua para
adhesin y proteccin contra la corrosin de elementos de refuerzo, equivalentes a CorrBond de la Ca. Euclid Chemical.
10.
Los endurecedores de pisos de concreto sern master plate 200 (color gris) endurecedor
metlico de Masterbuilders (o de una equivalencia aprobada), o endurecedores colorcron
(color gris) de Masterbuilders (o de una equivalencia aprobada). Referirse a los planos de
diseo para la ubicacin y extensin de la superficie de piso a tratar.
No deber ser usado ningn curador, sellador o desmoldante, u otros que no sean los
aprobados en base a agua, donde se utilice recubrimiento protector en el concreto.
2.
Los compuestos de Membrana Liquida para el curado cumplirn la Norma ASTM C309,
Tipo I, ID, Clase A y B debern ser claros como el agua, tipo estireno acrlico, contenido
mnimo de slidos 30%; la prdida mxima de humedad como sea determinada en los
ensayos de laboratorio realizados por un laboratorio independiente no deber de exceder
0.039 gramos por centmetro cuadrado cuando se aplique el recubrimiento a un ritmo de
7.36 metros cuadrados por litro (300 pies cuadrados por galn). Los compuestos de
curado y sellado debern ser certificados para cumplir estas especificaciones y las
Especificaciones Federales TT-C800A, Tipo I. La velocidad de aplicacin no deber
exceder a la establecida por el fabricante, la cual, deber cumplir con los requisitos de
retencin de humedad arriba mencionados. Los productos debern ser iguales a Super
Diamond Clear VOX o Super Aqua-Cure VOX de la Ca. Euclid Chemical, Master Kure
300W de Masterbuilders, Dress and Seal 30 o Dress and Seal 30 WB de L & M
Construction Chemicals, o de una equivalencia aprobada por el Propietario. Estos
productos tambin sellan y protegen del polvo.
3.
Los compuestos qumicos curadores lquidos cumplirn la Norma ASTM C309, Tipo I, ID,
Clase A y B, debern ser Master Kure o Master Kure 100W de la Ca. Masterbuilders,
Kurez DR de la Ca. Euclid Chemical, L & M Cure R de la Ca. Construction Chemicals, o
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E.
4.
En reas donde se requiera que los compuestos de los curadores cumplan el VOC
(Compuestos Voltiles Orgnicos), el contratista deber seleccionar un producto y solicitar
la aprobacin del Propietario; especialmente en reas cerradas de plantas operativas
existentes.
5.
6.
Imprimante de Juntas
Imprimante lquido, penetrante, de dos 2 componentes a base de uretano, para la
utilizacin con uretano y selladores epxicos tales como Eucolastic Primer de la Ca.
Euclid Chemical o U-Seal Joint Sealant 3203 Primer de la Ca. Burke.
2.
Materiales de respaldo
ASTM D1056, varilla redonda de espuma densa; mayores en un 30% a 50% del ancho de
la junta.
3.
4.
5.
Los waterstops sern del tipo bulbo central o con alas en sus extremos y debern
ser fabricados de PVC (polivinil cloruro) extrudo con un ancho mnimo de 150 mm
(6), a menos que se especifique otra cosa. Las esquinas y las intersecciones sern
pre- soldadas.
b.
La resistencia mnima a la traccin deber ser de 12.41 MPa (1800 psi), conforme al
Mtodo del Molde C de la Norma ASTM D412.
c.
La elongacin deber ser 350% como mnimo, conforme al Mtodo del Molde C de
la Norma ASTM D412.
d.
La resistencia mnima a la rotura ser de 49.62 kN/m (3400 lb/ft) como est
determinada por la Norma ASTM D412.
Relleno de Juntas
a.
b.
Corcho impregnado con asfalto, el cual, debe estar saturado con fibra de vidrio
forrado con fieltro; de 12mm (1/2) de espesor. Segn Norma ASTM D1751
c.
El relleno para juntas premoldeado deber ser de relleno de junta Asfalto Elastita de
Expansin o equivalente.
Selladores de Juntas
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F.
a.
Los selladores de juntas cumplirn con las disposiciones de la Norma ACI 504R.
b.
c.
Acero de Refuerzo
1.
2.
Fabricacin
a.
b.
Varillas de refuerzo para losas: Norma ASTM A184, barras de acero de palanquilla
corrugado, acabado simple. El esfuerzo mnimo de fluencia ser de 414 MPa
(60,000 psi).
c.
Refuerzo en espiral: Norma ASTM A82, alambre de acero liso estirado en fro;
acabado simple, para refuerzo espiral en columnas, pilotes moldeados en el lugar,
pilotes excavados y cajones (caissons). El esfuerzo mnimo de fluencia ser de 414
MPa (60,000 psi).
d.
Malla de alambre soldado: Norma ASTM A185, alambre de acero liso estirado en
fro; Norma ASTM A497, acero corrugado trabajado en fro, acabado simple. El
esfuerzo mnimo de fluencia ser de 414 MPa (60,000 psi).
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Los soportes de las barras debern estar de acuerdo con la Seccin 3 de la Norma
ACI 301.
j.
Las amarras debern ser de alambre negro recocido, mnimo 1.57mm (#16).
b.
Los empalmes por traslape deber ser como se indica en los planos de diseo.
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G.
Identificacin y Etiquetado
a.
b.
c.
H.
2.3
Criterios de Diseo
A.
2.
B.
Cimentaciones:
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Resistencia al Fuego:
Asentamiento (slump)
1.
A menos que se especifique de otra manera en los planos, el asentamiento (slump) del
concreto deber ser como sigue:
a.
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2.
C.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Vaciados con espesores mayores a 750mm (2.5 pies): 25mm a 65mm (1 a 2-1/2).
f.
b.
D.
Encofrados
El diseo y la construccin debern cumplir con la Norma ACI 301 y el Reglamento de
Construcciones de la localidad.
2.4
Mezclas de Concreto
A.
Dosificacin
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
El tamao mximo de los agregados deber ser de 20mm (3/4) para ductos elctricos,
losas y muros con espesores menores a 200mm (8), losas elevadas, concreto de peso
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3.
B.
El concreto deber tener aire incorporado de acuerdo con la Tabla 4.2.2.4 de la Norma ACI 301.
Para el interior de losas de piso es preferible no tener aire incorporado, con un porcentaje
mayor al 3%.
C.
Las cenizas finas podrn ser utilizadas como material cementante, reemplazando un mximo de
20% del cemento (en peso) con cenizas finas. Las cenizas finas debern ser utilizadas en el
clculo de la relacin agua-cemento y provendrn de la misma cantera.
EJECUCIN
3.1
Preparacin
A.
B.
Acero, trabajos en hierro, mangas de tuberas, insertos, cuartones, listones para clavar,
material para juntas de separacin, tarugos para juntas de construccin, y otros
accesorios como sean mostrados en los planos, especificados o requeridos, para ser
colocados en el concreto, se debern ubicar con precisin y se asegurarn contra
desplazamientos durante la colocacin del concreto. Deber darse suficiente tiempo entre
la construccin de los encofrados y la colocacin del concreto para permitir a los
trabajadores de diferente oficio hacer una adecuada instalacin de su trabajo. La
instalacin de anclajes, insertos, y manguitos para electricidad, mecnica, caeras,
calefaccin y ventilacin, debern estar sujetos a la inspeccin y aprobacin del
supervisor de cada especialidad en particular o de las especialidades involucradas antes
de la colocacin del concreto.
2.
3.
Proteger las roscas de los pernos contra daos y contra el concreto; usar sombrerete o
tapn con manguitos para evitar el ingreso del agua, concreto y escombros.
4.
No est permitido soldar por puntos los pernos de anclaje, el acero de refuerzo, o
elementos embebidos a menos que se especifique en los planos.
3.2
Instalacin
A.
Produccin de Concreto
La produccin del concreto deber cumplir con la Norma ACI 301. El agua puede ser agregada
a la mezcla en el punto de entrega en concordancia con la Seccin 11.7 de la Norma ASTM
C94, cuando sea permitido por el agente de ensayos del Propietario, pero en ningn caso la
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C.
Colocacin
1.
La colocacin del concreto deber cumplir con la Norma ACI 301. La temperatura del
concreto pastoso, al colocarse, no deber exceder los 32oC (90 grados F). Durante climas
fros, al colocarse, la temperatura no deber ser menor de 10oC (50 grados F). En climas
fros y clidos el vaciado de concreto deber estar en concordancia con las Normas ACI
305 y ACI 306.
2.
Colorear la superficie superior de las cubiertas de los ductos subterrneos, salpicar polvos
de xido de hierro sobre el concreto fresco en una proporcin de 0.5 kg/m2 (0.1 libras por
pie cuadrado).
a.
b.
3.
Asegurarse que la descarga del concreto premezclado sea completada dentro de las 1.5
horas despus de preparada la mezcla. Las 1.5 horas podrn extenderse si el concreto
tiene tal asentamiento (slump) despus de 1.5 horas (o 300 revoluciones), que ste pueda
ser colocado satisfactoriamente y consolidado sin la adicin de agua.
4.
Mantener los registros de colocacin del concreto; fecha del registro, ubicacin, cantidad,
temperatura ambiental, resultados de los ensayos en campo, y ensayos de muestras
tomadas; mantener las boletas de entrega del concreto con los registros del concreto premezclado.
5.
6.
7.
El concreto transportado por bombeo deber cumplir con los requisitos de las Normas ACI
304R, Captulo 9. El acarreo del concreto por medio de fajas transportadoras debern
cumplir con los requerimientos de la Norma ACI 304R, Captulo 10.
8.
9.
No se deber colocar en la estructura el concreto que haya iniciado su fragua o haya sido
contaminado con materia extraa. No se deber usar el concreto re-templado.
10.
El concreto deber estar limitado a un mximo de 1.5 metros (5 pies) de cada libre y a un
flujo horizontal que no exceda 1.5 metros (5 pies) entre los encofrados.
11.
El concreto deber ser colocado en capas de 460 milmetros (18). Los cabezales de las
vibradoras deber extenderse dentro de la capa colocada previamente.
Construir las losas en concordancia con las Normas ACI 301, ACI 302 y los planos.
2.
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Cuando se requiera acabados separados de pisos, ubicar el acabado de piso en las lneas
y niveles requeridos despus que la base de concreto haya curado. Los listones para
encofrado a nivel o en pendiente de acuerdo con los planos.
4.
La tolerancia en las losas de piso deber estar conforme con el Captulo 8, Seccin 8.15
de las Normas ACI 302.1R (a menos que se especifique de otra manera en los planos de
diseo).
a.
b.
5.
D.
E.
F(f) - 20
(2)
F(f) - 15
(2)
F(l) - 10
Si en los planos se requiere una barrera de vapor, y si un relleno afilado perfora la barrera,
colocar una capa de relleno compactable de 100mm (4) a manera de cojn. Traslapar las
barreras de vapor 150mm (6) en las juntas y sellar con cinta de ductos. Colocar
cuidadosamente la barrera de vapor alrededor de las aberturas de servicio.
Acabado de losas
1.
Las superficies de las losas de concreto debern estar acabadas de acuerdo con las
Normas ACI 302.1R.
2.
El acabado de las losas de concreto de piso interiores concordar con las Normas ACI
302.1R para el tipo de losas 5 (industrial) a menos que se especifique de otra manera en
los planos.
3.
El acabado en la base para equipos ser frotachado. El acabado para losas exteriores,
escalones, pasos, rampas y veredas ser pulido. El acabado para losas interiores ser
paleteado. La tolerancia para losas de piso debern estar en concordancia con las
Normas ACI 117.
4.
5.
6.
F.
Encofrados
1.
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G.
H.
2.
A menos que se especifique de otra manera en los planos de concreto, las aristas
expuestas debern tener un chafln de 25mm (1). Las esquinas no expuestas pueden
ser cuadradas o achaflanadas.
3.
4.
No aplicar agentes desmoldantes donde sea que las superficies de concreto vayan a
recibir acabados especiales o donde los recubrimientos a aplicarse sean afectados por el
agente desmoldante, remojar con agua limpia las superficies de encofrados no tratadas,
mantener las superficies cubiertas antes de colocar el concreto.
5.
Refuerzo
1.
El grado, tipo y detalles del acero de refuerzo debern estar en concordancia con los
planos de diseo. La colocacin del refuerzo deber estar en concordancia con las
Normas ACI 301 a menos que el Propietario apruebe otra cosa.
2.
Colocar, fijar y asegurar el refuerzo antes del vaciado de concreto; no insertar pasadores
(dowels) en el concreto fresco; no colocar mallas de alambre soldado dentro del concreto
fresco. Fijar el refuerzo de las losas en la profundidad requerida y asegurarlos antes a la
colocacin del concreto; no jalar hacia arriba las mallas de alambre soldado del concreto
fresco, dejarlas donde hayan sido colocadas.
3.
Asegurar por lo menos el 25% de las intersecciones de las barras (incluyendo los
pasadores (dowels) de los muros) con alambre en las dos capas de enmallado.
4.
Empalmar las barras de refuerzo nicamente como est mostrado en los planos de
diseo. Los empalmes necesarios no mostrados en los planos debern ser traslapados
suficientemente, como sea aprobado por el propietario, para desarrollar la resistencia de
las barras por adherencia, para barras hasta 35mm (tamao Nmero 11). Los empalmes
mecnicos debern ser hechos nicamente como se muestran y anotan en los planos. No
se permitirn los empalmes soldados.
5.
El recubrimiento mnimo del concreto deber estar en concordancia con las Normas ACI
301. Las reas sujetas a exposicin qumica, indicadas en los planos de diseo, debern
tener un recubrimiento mnimo de 50mm (2), a menos que se indique de otra manera.
Las juntas y los elementos embebidos debern estar en concordancia con las Normas ACI
301 a menos que el Propietario apruebe otra cosa.
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Todas las mangas, insertos, pernos de anclaje, waterstop y otros elementos embebidos
debern ser instalados en concordancia con los planos de diseo y se sujetarn contra
desplazamientos.
3.
Los pernos de anclaje debern ser ubicados con una tolerancia entre 3mm (1/8 de 1
pulgada) de la posicin de diseo y debern ser aplomadas con una tolerancia entre 4mm
en un metro (1/8 de 1 pulgada en 3 pies).
4.
Las placas embebidas debern ser colocadas con ms o menos 6mm (1/4 de 1 pulgada)
horizontal o verticalmente.
5.
Las juntas de construccin debern ser ubicadas como se muestran en los planos de
concreto. Cualquier variacin en la ubicacin deber ser aprobada por el Propietario.
Donde las operaciones del concreto requieran de la colocacin de una junta de
construccin intermedia, el concreto se retirar cuadrado con la estructura, se agregar
water stops si la junta normal tiene un waterstop (sistema para sellado), la ubicacin ser
completamente registrada y comunicada al Propietario por escrito. No debern ser hechos
vaciados adyacentes hasta que se haya recibido autorizacin del Propietario.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Ubicar las juntas de construccin en muros con una separacin no mayor a 30m (100
pies). Instalar juntas de control por plano de debilitamiento (juntas de contraccin) a un
espaciamiento mximo de 7m (25-pies) entre juntas de construccin.
10.
Proveer e instalar waterstops en las juntas como sea detallado en los planos. Unir la
seccin de los waterstop de acuerdo con las recomendaciones del fabricante. Anclar con
seguridad para prevenir movimientos durante la colocacin del concreto. Proveer
waterstops en todas las juntas sujetas a fluidos de procesos o a filtraciones. En obra slo
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I.
11.
12.
Las juntas de separacin en muros sern colocadas como sea detallado en los planos.
Interrumpir el refuerzo en las juntas de separacin; proveer e instalar pasadores (dowels)
como est detallado en los planos. Instalar juntas de separacin segn ubicacin de los
planos y donde los pavimentos se unen a superficies verticales como muros, columnas,
tinas de recoleccin, cajas de registro, y cimentaciones para equipos. La holgura deber
tener un ancho de 19mm (3/4) a menos que se detalle de otra manera.
13.
A menos que el Propietario permita o se especifique de otra manera, los agujeros de los
sujetadores, panales (cangrejeras), y otras superficies defectuosas de concreto sern
reparadas en concordancia con las Normas ACI 301, tan pronto como sea posible
despus del desencofrado, a tal tiempo y de tal modo que no demore, interfiera o dae el
curado apropiado del concreto fresco. El Propietario deber ser notificado antes de
proceder a la reparacin si la zona defectuosa es mayor a 75mm de (3) profundidad y
mayor a un rea de superficie de 130000 milmetros cuadrados (200 pulg. cuadradas), o
si la profundidad tiene un espesor superior a 1/3 del espesor del miembro y mayor a
150mm (6) en cualquier otra direccin.
2.
3.
b.
c.
Las reas crticas de losas debern ser reemplazadas si son identificadas en los
planos como fuera de tolerancia.
(1)
Demoler y reemplazar las reas que se hayan identificado en los planos como
fuera de tolerancia.
(2)
(3)
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Curado y Proteccin
1.
El concreto fresco depositado deber ser protegido del secado prematuro y de excesivas
temperaturas de calor o fro y deber mantenerse con un mnimo de prdida de humedad
en una temperatura relativamente constante el tiempo necesario de hidratacin del
cemento y el apropiado endurecimiento del concreto. El curado estar de acuerdo con los
requerimientos del ACI 301.
2.
3.
4.
5.
b.
c.
Curar por humedad los pisos de concreto que van a recibir tratamientos adhesivos,
baldosas, acabados adheridos, pintura, superficies epxicas, y concreto adicional.
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7.
3.3
Para concreto masivo como est definido en las Normas ACI 207, curar y proteger en
concordancia con las Normas ACI 301.
Ensayos
A.
Para asegurar que los materiales integrantes cumplan con los requerimientos especificados, se
debern realizar los siguientes ensayos calificados de pre-construccin, en los materiales
propuestos para usar. El contratista deber ser responsable de reunir esta documentacin y
que se realicen estos ensayos por un laboratorio de pruebas aceptado por el Propietario. Los
ensayos para el cemento y aditivos podrn ser realizados por el proveedor del material en
particular.
1.
Cemento
Las propiedades fsicas y qumicas, sern segn los ensayos referidos en las Normas
ASTM C150 o C595 como sea apropiado.
2.
Agregados
Arena
Piedra
Ensayos Requeridos
Granulometra
ASTM C136
ASTM C136
Mdulo de Fineza
ASTM C136
-Materiales ms finos que la malla # 200
ASTM C117
ASTM C117
Impurezas Orgnicas
ASTM C40
-Partculas livianas
ASTM C123
ASTM C123
Partculas friables
ASTM C142
ASTM C142
Gravedad especfica y Porcentaje de Absorcin ASTM C128
ASTM C127
Desgaste de abrasin por la mquina
de Los ngeles
-ASTM C131
Potencial reactivo (mtodo qumico)
ASTM C289
ASTM C289
Potencial reactivo (mtodo de la barra de mortero)
ASTM C227
ASTM
C227
Dureza
ASTM C88
ASTM C88
Exmenes petrogrficos
ASTM C295
ASTM C295
Pesos Unitarios y porcentaje de vacos
ASTM C29
ASTM C29
El contenido de humedad de los agregados fino y grueso se determinar en bases y
cantidades regulares de tandas de agua y agregados, ajustados para mantener la mxima
relacin agua / cemento.
3.
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5.
Aditivos Puzolnicos
Se debern realizar las pruebas para las propiedades fsicas y qumicas referidas en las
Normas ASTM C618.
3.4
B.
Se debern inspeccionar y ensayar los componentes del concreto y sus operaciones a medida
que el trabajo avance, en concordancia con las Normas del ACI 301. La falla en detectar
cualquier material o trabajo defectuoso de ninguna manera impedir el posterior rechazo
cuando tales deficiencias sean encontradas, ni obligar la aceptacin final del Propietario.
C.
Las pruebas debern incluir los ensayos de compresin de probetas cilndricas (testigos),
prueba de asentamiento (slump), pesos unitarios, contenido de aire (donde se requiera
incorporadores de aire), temperatura del concreto fresco, y pesos unitarios concordantes con
las Normas del ASTM C138.
D.
La razn del muestreo deber estar en concordancia con las Normas del ACI 301. Tomar
muestras adicionales cuando las observaciones en los ensayos indiquen disconformidad con
las especificaciones. Curar 5 especmenes de prueba de cada ubicacin y tipo de concreto por
cada 75 metros cbicos (100 yardas cbicas) o fraccin, en concordancia con las Normas del
ASTM C31. Moldear y ensayar especmenes en concordancia con las Normas del ASTM C39 a
los siguientes intervalos: 2 probetas a los 7 das, 1 probeta a los 14 das y 2 probetas a los 28
das.
E.
El acero de refuerzo deber ser ensayado de acuerdo con las Normas del ASTM A615.
2.
3.
El acero de refuerzo estar libre de barro, aceite u otro recubrimiento no metlico que
afecte negativamente su capacidad de adherencia.
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4.
B.
C.
El Propietario contratar una agencia de ensayos que desempee las funciones del
aseguramiento de la calidad.
D.
La agencia de ensayos del Contratista deber preparar, almacenar y proteger en obra, y luego
transportar al lugar de la agencia de ensayos del Gerente de Construccin, todas las probetas
cilndricas de concreto.
E.
El curado y los resultados integrales de los ensayos de compresin de las probetas cilndricas
sern realizados por la agencia de ensayos del Propietario. El contratista podr presenciar la
rotura de probetas a medida que se realicen.
F.
G.
La aceptacin del concreto deber basarse en los resultados obtenidos del asentamiento
(slump), contenido de aire, temperatura y resistencia tomada en campo. La frecuencia de
ensayos deber ser especificada en las Normas del ACI 301 a menos que sea descartado por
el Propietario.
H.
I.
ANEXOS
No se aplica.
Fin de la Especificacin
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