ASSIGNMENT

Semester 1
B.A. Journalism and Mass Communication
Subject Name: Fundamentals of Computers
Subject Code: BJ0029
(Book ID: B1032)
2 credits (30
marks)

All questions carry 10 marks. Answers for 10 mark questions should not exceed
more than 400 words.
Answer the following questions:
Question 1 - Explain the importance of video in multimedia. What are some of the tips to
keep in mind while making video for the web? [2+8 = 10 marks]
Ans. Video When it comes to making an impact, video is right there at the top of the list.
Video is the most challenging multimedia content which can be delivered via Web.
One second of uncompressed most popular NTSC (National Television Standards
Committee) video, the international standard for television and video, requires
approximately 27 megabytes of disk storage space. The amount of scaling and
compression required to turn this quantity of data into something that can be used
on a network; If at all possible, tailor your video content for the Web. PAL is also
one of international standard for television and video other than NSTC.
Video tips for the web
Shoot original video so that you can take steps to create
video that will compress efficiently and still look good at low resolution and frame
rates. Shoot close-ups. Wide shots have too much detail to make sense at low
resolution.

a) Wide shot

b) Close shot

Shoot against a simple monochromatic background whenever possible. This will

make small video images easier to understand and will increase the efficiency of
compression.
(i) Use a tripod to minimize camera movement. A camera locked in one position
will minimize the differences between frames and greatly improve video
compression.

(ii) Avoid zooming and panning. These can make low frame-rate movies
confusing to view and interpret and can cause them to compress poorly.
(iii) When editing your video, use hard cuts between shots. Don't use the
transitional effects offered by video editing software, such as dissolves or
elaborate wipes, because they will not compress efficiently and will not play
smoothly on the Web.
(iv) If you are digitizing material that was originally recorded for video or film,
choose your material carefully. Look for clips that contain minimal motion and
less important but small details. Motion and detail are the most obvious
shortcomings of low-resolution video.
2- What are the steps to creating a PowerPoint Presentation? [2x5 = 10 marks]
Ans. Creation of PowerPoint Presentation
Here we will discuss the steps in creating the power point presentations.
(i) Slide Layouts:
Each Power Point presentation can have one or more
slide. Each of these slides can have its own page layout associated with it.
The page layout decides the position of the various objects like text, picture
etc., in the slide. Page layout also specifies the appearance of the text like its
style, colour, size etc. Power Point provides 24 different types of page layouts
along with a blank page.
(ii) Steps to Create the PowerPoint Presentation: Open the MS Power point
and click the new slide or select the slide layout by moving the mouse pointer
over the required lay out in drop down option below it or side by layout
dropdown option (get activated only after inserting new slide to alter the layout
of existing slide) after that select the layout and click the left mouse button.

Creating New Slide

(a) On left click you get the screen as shown below:

(iii) Adding Text to Slide: To add text to the upper box as given in the box Click
the mouse pointer inside the box. Now you can type any text you want.
Similarly click into the lower box and start typing the text you want to add.
Save this presentation. Click save icon of Standard tool bar or File option of
Menu bar. While saving, give the name for the presentation.
(iv) To view the slide show: Click on Slide Show option, which is on the Menu
bar. You will get a drop down menu. Click on from beginning or from current
slide, you will get the slide show presented on the screen or Press function
key F5 as shortcut to see the slide show, To come back from the slide show to
the PowerPoint menu press Esc key.

Slide Show
(v) Inserting Table/Media files: Further you can add more slides by pressing ctrl
and M simultaneously. Now you can click any of option in lower box like table,
chart, smart art graphic, clipart and picture from file or media clip and click
ok/insert to import them.

To Insert Table Layout

Save the presentation.
Run the slide show by pressing F5. Now, to go to the second slide, press space bar
key of the keyboard.

Inserted Picture
3- Write short notes on the following: a) Auto SUM and Auto fill

[5+5 = 10 marks]

b) Bitmaps

Ans. Auto SUM .

This is used to total a range of numeric cells. This icon is
available in Standard toolbar. To use this icon, select the numeric cells of which you
want to find the sum and click on the auto sum icon.

Auto SUM

Auto SUM Function

Auto Fill
The auto fill feature of MS-Excel will save data entry time by
expanding series of numbers, days of week, different months, etc. from a given cell
to adjacent ones. This is achieved using fill handle.
(i) To generate the serial numbers 1, 2, 3, 4... with the increment 1; type 1 in any
cell and Ctrl+Drag the fill handle down or right, this will increase the number
by 1 in each cell and Ctrl+Drag the fill handle up or left will reduce the number
by 1 in each cell. Instead of 1, any other starting number can also be entered.
As we drag the fill handle, the number, which will appear in the cell, will be
displayed near the fill handle for our reference.
(ii) To generate the serial numbers with the increment or decrement other than 1,
type the first 2 numbers; block those 2 cells and the drag the fill handle. To
generate 5, 10, 15, 20 one below the other, type 5 in any cell, in the next
cell type 10, block those 2 cells and drag the fill handle down. We can also
generate the numbers in descending order by typing 100, 95 in different cells.
(iii) Text can be entered with the number. To generate F1, F2, F3 type F1 in
any cell and drag the fill handle.
(iv) We can also generate the Week day names like Sunday, Monday etc., as
well as months from January to December. It is possible to fill a range of cells
with repeating values or sequence of values using Excel.
Bitmaps
A bitmap graphic is actually made up of thousands of individual dots
in rows and columns. Bitmaps can be created in a variety of ways. The
computer must store colour and brightness information for each dot. (On the
screen a dot is called a pixel - short for picture element.)
The amount of information stored for each dot is known as colour depth for the
bitmap. So, increasing the size or colour depth of a bitmap will also increase its file
size.