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Fundamental Genetics
Lecture 10
DNA Replication
and Synthesis
Replication
DNA
Transcription
RNA
Translation
Protein
Semiconservative Replication
15N
15N
11/17/2015
Replication is bidirectional
Used autoradiography to
determine the incorporation
of 3H-Thymidine
Chain Elongation
5 to 3 direction of DNA synthesis (requires 3 end of the DNA template)
Each step incorporates free 3 OH group for further elongation
DNA Polymerases
All 3 types requires a primer
Complex proteins (100,000 Da)
Functions of DNA polymerases
in vivo
DNA Pol I proofreading;
removes primers and fills gaps
DNA Pol II - mainly involved in
DNA repair from external
damage
Replication in Prokaryotes
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
11/17/2015
Replication in Eukaryotes
Presence of multiple replication origin
(faster replication, guarantees
replication of a big genome) 25K
replicons in mammalian cells
11/17/2015
Telomerase
Enzyme that adds TTGGGG
strand: no 3 needed by
DNA polymerase I (after
removal of RNA primers)
Prevents shortening of
chromosomes
Telomerase is a
Homologous
Recombination
Exchange of genetic material
Directed by specific
enzymes:
Endonuclease introduces
single strand nicks
Gene Conversion
Exchange of genetic information between non-homologous
chromosomes (non-reciprocal genetic exchange)
11/17/2015
Short Quiz
Short Quiz
nucleotide chain of a DNA duplex and that the chain has opened up
at a replication fork. Synthesis of an RNA primer occurs on this
template starting at the base that is underlined.
nucleotide chain of a DNA duplex and that the chain has opened up
at a replication fork. Synthesis of an RNA primer occurs on this
template starting at the base that is underlined.
RNA Primer
Answers
Short Quiz
RNA Primer
Uracil
Short Quiz
Short Quiz
= 8 x 3 = 24
= 7 x 2 = 14
______
38
3..GGC UACCU5
or
5..UCC AUC GG..3