Contents

List of contributors

ix

Preface

xiii

List of abbreviations

xvii

1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6

Advances in power plant technology

M. Cregan and D. Flynn
Power plant historical development
Plant configuration and design
Control and instrumentation
External influences
Plant technology developments
References

2
5
9
13
13

Part 1: Modellingand simulation

2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8

Modelling of power plants

A. Leva and C Maffezzoni
Introduction
Model structuring by the object-oriented approach
Basic component models
Modelling of distributed control systems
Application of dynamic decoupling to power plant models
Testing and validation of developed models
Concluding remarks and open problems
References

17
17
18
27
50
52
53
56
57

vi

Contents

Part 2: Control
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8

4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7

5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
6

6. l
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7

Modelling and control of pulverised fuel coal mills

N.W. Rees and G.Q. Fan
Introduction
Modelling of coal mills
Plant tests, results and fitting model parameters
Mill control
Intelligent control and operator advisory systems
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References

63
63
64
71
80
92
97
97
97

Generator excitation control using local model networks

M.D. Brown, D. Flynn and G. W. Irwin
Introduction
Local model networks
Controller design
Micromachine test facility
Results
Conclusions
References

101

Steam temperature control

T. Moelbak and J.H. Mortensen
Introduction
Plant and control description
Advanced evaporator control
Advanced superheater control
Conclusions
References

131

Supervisory predictive control of a combined cycle

thermal power plant
D. Sdez and A. Cipriano
Introduction
A combined cycle thermal power plant
Design of supervisory control strategies for a combined cycle
thermal power plant
Application to the thermal power plant simulator
Discussion and conclusions
Acknowledgements
References

101
102
108
113
117
124
127

131
133
137
147
159
159

161
161
162
168
171
176
177
177

Contents

7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7

Multivariable power plant control

G. Poncia
Introduction
Classical control Of thermal power plants
Multivariable control strategies
An application: MBPC control of a 320 MW oil-fired plant
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References

Part 3:

vii
179
179
181
184
189
200
200
201

Monitoring, optimisation and supervision

Extending plant load-following capabilities

R. Garduno-Ramirez and If. Y Lee
8.1
Introduction
8.2 Power unit requirements for wide-range operation
8.3 Conventional power unit control
8.4 Feedforward/feedback control strategy
8.5 Knowledge-based feedforward control
8.6 Design of neurofuzzy controllers
8.7 Wide-range load-following
8.8
Summary and conclusions
8.9 Acknowledgements
8.10 References

205

Modelling of NOx emissions in coal-fired plant

S. Thompson and K. Li
Emissions from coal-fired power stations
An overview of NOx formation mechanisms
NOx emission models for a 500 MW power generation unit
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References

243

Model-based fault detection in a high-pressure heater line

A. Alessandri, P Coletta and T. Parisini
Introduction
Description of power plant application
Grey-box modelling and identification of a power plant
A general approach to receding-horizon estimation for
non-linear systems
Conclusions
References

269

9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
10
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6

205
207
209
213
221
224
228
238
239
239

243
248
253
263
267
267

269
271
287
295
307
307

viii

Contents

11

Data mining for performance monitoring and optimisation

309

J.A. Ritchie and D. Flynn

11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8

Introduction
Outline of data mining applications
Identification of process and sensor faults
Process monitoring and optimisation
Non-linear PLS modelling
Discussion and conclusions
Acknowledgements
References

309
310
311
325
334
338
341
341

12

Advanced plant management systems

345

A. Fricker and G. Oluwande

12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7

Plant management in a deregulated electricity market

Supervisory control
System integration and HMI issues
Performance monitoring
Added value applications
Conclusions
References

345
346
350
351
354
360
361

Part4: The future

13

Physical model-based coordinated power plant control

365

G. Prasad

13.1 Introduction
13.2 A review of physical model-based thermal
power plant control approaches
13.3 Control problems of a thermal power plant
13.4 Applying a physical model-based predictive control strategy
13.5 Simulation results
13.6 Discussion and conclusions
13.7 Acknowledgements
13.8 References

365

14

395

Management and integration of power plant operations

366
368
375
381
389
391
391

A.E Armor

14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9

Index

Introduction
Age and reliability of plants
Improving asset management
The impacts of cycling on power plant performance
Improving maintenance approaches
Power plant networks: redefining information flow
Conclusions
References
Bibliography

395
396
401
405
407
410
413
414
415
417