DESIGN OF A WIDEBAND RADIO FREQUENCY SPLITTER WITH REDUCED

INSERTION LOSS

Technological Institute of the Philippines

Quezon City

Submitted By:
Aquino, Ronalyn C.
Berioso, Ian Carlo L.
Dy, Ervin John Y.
Vargas, Emmanuel Christopher D.T.

Engr. Ryann A. Alimuin

Adviser

October 2015
1

Table of Contents
Title Page..............................................................................................................................................i
Table of Contents..................................................................................................................................ii
List of Figures......................................................................................................................................iii
List of Tables........................................................................................................................................ix
Executive Summary.............................................................................................................................1
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................2
Objective..............................................................................................................................................2
Motivation.............................................................................................................................................2
Background..........................................................................................................................................2
CHAPTER II: PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND GOALS......................................................................5
Design Project.............................................................................................................................5
CHAPTER III: TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS..................................................................................7
CHAPTER IV: DESIGN APROACH AND DETAILS.............................................................................8
Design Approach.........................................................................................................................8
Design Approach Details............................................................................................................9
Design 1: Reactive RF Splitter.......................................................................................13
Design 2: Resistive RF Splitter.......................................................................................20
Design 3: Inductive RF Splitter.......................................................................................22
Computation of VSWR and Reflection Coefficient.........................................................30
Codes and Standards...............................................................................................................32
ANSI/SCTE 153 2008.....................................................................................................32
Handbook on Industrial Engineering, Design and Process Platform Characterization. 32
Constraint, Alternatives and Trade-offs....................................................................................33
Multiple Constraints........................................................................................................33
Trade-offs........................................................................................................................33
Trade-off Assessment...........................................................................................35
Economic Constraint Assessment..............................................................35
Manufacturability Constraint Assessment..................................................37
2

Performance Constraint Assessment.........................................................39

Insertion Loss...................................................................................39
Impedance Matching........................................................................41
Reflection Coefficient.......................................................................42
VSWR...............................................................................................43
CHAPTER 5: SCHEDULE, TASKS AND MILESTONES...................................................................46
CHAPTER 6: PROJECT DEMONSTRATION...................................................................................48
Design for Experiments............................................................................................................48
Test for Matching Impedance.........................................................................................48
Test for Insertion Loss per Port.......................................................................................48
Test for Outputs...............................................................................................................48
Simulation Results for Reactive RF Splitter.............................................................................48
CHAPTER 7: MARKETING AND COST ANALYSIS.........................................................................64
Marketing Analysis....................................................................................................................64
Cost Analysis............................................................................................................................65
CHAPTER 8: ACCEPTANCE AND TESTING...................................................................................67
Functionality of the Circuit........................................................................................................67
Conclusions..............................................................................................................................70
Recommendations....................................................................................................................71
CHAPTER 9: FINAL DESIGN............................................................................................................72
Bibliography..........................................................................................................................................x
Appendices..........................................................................................................................................xi
A. HEMT Data Sheet..........................................................................................................................xii
B. Availability of Components............................................................................................................xiii
C. Chassis Design and Electric Schematic.......................................................................................xiv
D. Design Alternatives Analytic Computation and Simulation Results..............................................xv
E. Possible key partners/customer segments...................................................................................xvi
F. ANSI/SCTE 153 2008...................................................................................................................xvii
G. Curriculum Vitae .........................................................................................................................xviii
H. Evaluation, Revision, Rubrics, Grade sheets, Weekly Report and CD .......................................xix
3

List of Figures
2.1 Flowchart of Testing and Project Demonstration...........................................................................6
4.1 Design Approach Diagram.............................................................................................................8
4.2 HEMT Equivalent Circuit................................................................................................................9
4.3 Block Diagram of the Design.........................................................................................................9
4.4 Reactive Splitter Circuit Diagram.................................................................................................13
4.5 Bode Plot Response....................................................................................................................19
4.6 Resistive Splitter Circuit Diagram................................................................................................20
4.7 Inductive Splitter Circuit Diagram................................................................................................22
4.8 Comparison of Frequency VS Insertion Loss of Reactive RF Splitter 4 Ports............................26
4.9 Comparison of Frequency VS Insertion Loss of Inductive RF Splitter 4 Ports...........................28
4.10 Comparison of Frequency VS Insertion Loss of Resistive RF Splitter 4 Ports.........................29
4.13 Ranking Scale............................................................................................................................35
6.2.1 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 1 at 1 MHz........................48
6.2.2 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 1 at 15 MHz......................49
6.2.3 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 1 at 30 MHz......................49
6.2.4 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 1 at 45 MHz......................49
6.2.5 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 1 at 60 MHz......................50
6.2.6 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 1 at 75 MHz......................50
6.2.7 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 1 at 90 MHz......................50
6.2.8 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 1 at 105 MHz....................51
6.2.9 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 1 at 120 MHz....................51
6.2.10 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 1 at 135 MHz..................51
6.2.11 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 1 at 150 MHz...................52
6.2.12 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 2 at 1 MHz......................52
6.2.13 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 2 at 15 MHz....................52
6.2.14 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 2 at 30 MHz....................53
6.2.15 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 2 at 45 MHz....................53
6.2.16 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 2 at 60 MHz....................53
6.2.17 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 2 at 75 MHz....................57
4

6.2.18 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 2 at 90 MHz....................54

6.2.19 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 2 at 105 MHz..................54
6.2.20 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 2 at 120 MHz..................55
6.2.21 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 2 at 135 MHz..................55
6.2.22 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 2 at 150 MHz..................55
6.2.23 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 3 at 1 MHz......................56
6.2.24 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 3 at 15 MHz....................56
6.2.25 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 3 at 30 MHz....................56
6.2.26 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 3 at 45 MHz....................57
6.2.27 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 3 at 60 MHz....................57
6.2.28 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 3 at 75 MHz....................57
6.2.29 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 3 at 90 MHz....................58
6.2.30 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 3 at 105 MHz..................58
6.2.31 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 3 at 120 MHz..................58
6.2.32 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 3 at 135 MHz..................59
6.2.33 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 3 at 150 MHz..................59
6.2.34 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 4 at 1 MHz......................59
6.2.35 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 4 at 15 MHz....................60
6.2.36 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 4 at 30 MHz....................60
6.2.37 SimulatedVS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 4 at 45 MHz.....................60
6.2.38 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 4 at 60 MHz....................61
6.2.39 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 4 at 75 MHz....................61
6.2.40 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 4 at 90 MHz....................61
6.2.41 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 4 at 105 MHz..................62
6.2.42 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 4 at 120 MHz..................62
6.2.43 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 4 at 135 MHz..................62
6.2.44 Simulated VS Actual Output Voltage of Reactive RF Splitter Port 4 at 150 MHz..................63
8.1 Final Circuit Diagram...................................................................................................................67
8.2 Circuit Testing...............................................................................................................................68
8.3 Summaries of Insertion Loss VS Frequency Graphs of Reactive Splitter..................................69
5

9.1 Final Circuit Diagram...................................................................................................................72

9.2 PCB Layout..................................................................................................................................72
D.1.1 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 1 at 1 MHz..............................................xv
D.1.2 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 1 at 15 MHz............................................xv
D.1.3 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 1 at 30 MHz............................................xv
D.1.4 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 1 at 45 MHz............................................xv
D.1.5 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 1 at 60 MHz............................................xv
D.1.6 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 1 at 75 MHz............................................xv
D.1.7 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 1 at 90 MHz............................................xv
D.1.8 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 1 at 105 MHz..........................................xv
D.1.9 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 1 at 120 MHz..........................................xv
D.1.10 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 1 at 135 MHz........................................xv
D.1.11 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 1 at 150 MHz.........................................xv
D.1.12 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 2 at 1 MHz............................................xv
D.1.13 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 2 at 15 MHz..........................................xv
D.1.14 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 2 at 30 MHz..........................................xv
D.1.15 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 2 at 45 MHz..........................................xv
D.1.16 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 2 at 60 MHz..........................................xv
D.1.17 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 2 at 75 MHz..........................................xv
D.1.18 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 2 at 90 MHz..........................................xv
D.1.19 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 2 at 105 MHz........................................xv
D.1.20 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 2 at 120 MHz........................................xv
D.1.21 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 2 at 135 MHz........................................xv
D.1.22 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 2 at 150 MHz........................................xv
D.1.23 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 3 at 1 MHz............................................xv
D.1.24 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 3 at 15 MHz..........................................xv
D.1.25 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 3 at 30 MHz..........................................xv
D.1.26 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 3 at 45 MHz..........................................xv
D.1.27 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 3 at 60 MHz..........................................xv
D.1.28 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 3 at 75 MHz..........................................xv
6

D.1.29 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 3 at 90 MHz..........................................xv

D.1.30 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 3 at 105 MHz........................................xv
D.1.31 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 3 at 120 MHz........................................xv
D.1.32 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 3 at 135 MHz........................................xv
D.1.33 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 3 at 150 MHz........................................xv
D.1.34 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 4 at 1 MHz............................................xv
D.1.35 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 4 at 15 MHz..........................................xv
D.1.36 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 4 at 30 MHz..........................................xv
D.1.37 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 4 at 45 MHz..........................................xv
D.1.38 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 4 at 60 MHz..........................................xv
D.1.39 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 4 at 75 MHz..........................................xv
D.1.40 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 4 at 90 MHz..........................................xv
D.1.41 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 4 at 105 MHz........................................xv
D.1.42 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 4 at 120 MHz........................................xv
D.1.43 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 4 at 135 MHz........................................xv
D.1.44 Simulated Output Voltage of Inductive Splitter Port 4 at 150 MHz........................................xv
D.2.1 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 1 at 1 MHz...............................................xv
D.2.2 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 1 at 15 MHz.............................................xv
D.2.3 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 1 at 30 MHz.............................................xv
D.2.4 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 1 at 45 MHz.............................................xv
D.2.5 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 1 at 60 MHz.............................................xv
D.2.6 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 1 at 75 MHz.............................................xv
D.2.7 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 1 at 90 MHz.............................................xv
D.2.8 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 1 at 105 MHz...........................................xv
D.2.9 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 1 at 120 MHz...........................................xv
D.2.10 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 1 at 135 MHz.........................................xv
D.2.11 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 1 at 150 MHz.........................................xv
D.2.12 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 2 at 1 MHz.............................................xv
D.2.13 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 2 at 15 MHz...........................................xv
D.2.14 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 2 at 30 MHz...........................................xv
7

D.2.15 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 2 at 45 MHz...........................................xv

D.2.16 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 2 at 60 MHz...........................................xv
D.2.17 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 2 at 75 MHz...........................................xv
D.2.18 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 2 at 90 MHz...........................................xv
D.2.19 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 2 at 105 MHz.........................................xv
D.2.20 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 2 at 120 MHz.........................................xv
D.2.21 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 2 at 135 MHz.........................................xv
D.2.22 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 2 at 150 MHz.........................................xv
D.2.23 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 3 at 1 MHz.............................................xv
D.2.24 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 3 at 15 MHz...........................................xv
D.2.25 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 3 at 30 MHz...........................................xv
D.2.26 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 3 at 45 MHz...........................................xv
D.2.27 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 3 at 60 MHz...........................................xv
D.2.28 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 3 at 75 MHz...........................................xv
D.2.29 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 3 at 90 MHz...........................................xv
D.2.30 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 3 at 105 MHz.........................................xv
D.2.31 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 3 at 120 MHz.........................................xv
D.2.32 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 3 at 135 MHz.........................................xv
D.2.33 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 3 at 150 MHz.........................................xv
D.2.34 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 4 at 1 MHz.............................................xv
D.2.35 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 4 at 15 MHz...........................................xv
D.2.36 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 4 at 30 MHz...........................................xv
D.2.37 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 4 at 45 MHz...........................................xv
D.2.38 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 4 at 60 MHz...........................................xv
D.2.39 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 4 at 75 MHz...........................................xv
D.2.40 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 4 at 90 MHz...........................................xv
D.2.41 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 4 at 105 MHz.........................................xv
D.2.42 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 4 at 120 MHz.........................................xv
D.2.43 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 4 at 135 MHz.........................................xv
D.2.44 Simulated Output Voltage of Reactive Splitter Port 4 at 150 MHz.........................................xv
8

List of Tables
1.1 Comparison of existing splitters using different process/technology............................................3
1.2 Relevant Prior Art...........................................................................................................................4
1.3 Disclosed Features of Thesis compared to Prior Art Studies........................................................4
3.1 Design Specifications.....................................................................................................................7
4.1 Comparison of Simulated Results in Four Ports of Reactive RF Splitter....................................24
4.2 Comparison of Simulated Results in Four Ports of Inductive RF Splitter....................................24
4.3 Comparison of Simulated Results in Four Ports of Resistive RF Splitter...................................25
4.4 Constraints and its ranking..........................................................................................................34
4.5 Cost of Design.............................................................................................................................35
4.6 Design Alternatives Economic Constraint....................................................................................36
4.7 Components Availability in the Market.........................................................................................37
4.8 Design Alternatives Manufacturability Constraint (availability of components)...........................38
4.9 Simulation tools and equipment used..........................................................................................38
4.10 Number of components in design..............................................................................................38
4.11 Design Alternatives Manufacturability Constraint (number of components).............................39
4.12 Insertion Loss of RF Splitters based On Simulation Results.....................................................40
4.13 Design Alternatives Performance Constraint (Insertion Loss)...................................................40
4.14 Impedance of RF Splitters based On Simulation Results.........................................................41
4.15 Design Alternatives Performance Constraint (Impedance).......................................................42
4.16 Reflection Coefficient of RF Splitters based On Computations.................................................42
4.17 Design Alternatives Performance Constraint (Reflection Coefficient).......................................43
4.18 VSWR of RF Splitters based On Computations........................................................................44
4.19 Design Alternatives Performance Constraint (VSWR)..............................................................44
4.20 Designers Raw Ranking Ability to Satisfy the Criterion of RF Splitter.......................................45
7.1 Marketing Model..........................................................................................................................64
7.2 Bill of Materials.............................................................................................................................65