1.

(i)

Force is proportional to the rate of change of momentum

(QWC This mark can only be scored if momentum is spelled correctly)
Allow equal instead of proportional, allow change in
momentum over time (WTTE)
Do not allow F = ma or in words
B1

(ii)

When one body exerts a force on another the other body exerts an equal
(in magnitude) and opposite (in direction) force on the first body (WTTE)
Must refer to two bodies.
Do not allow a bare Action and reaction are equal and
opposite.
B1

[2]

2.

(i)

u = 32 (m s ) v = 2/3 32 = 21.33 (m s ) t = 0.50 s

4
1
p = 800(21.33 32) = 4.27 10 kg m s

(ii)

F = p / t = / F = 4.27 10 / 0.50
4
F 8.5 10 (N)
Direction: Opposite to the initial velocity / away from the wall

(iii)

N = pV / kT = (1.0 10 3.4 10 ) / (1.38 10

23
N = 8.41 10
23
23
mass = 8.41 10 / 6.02 10 ) 0.014
mass = 0.0196 (kg) 0.020 kg

23

293)

C1
A1

C1
A1
B1

C1
C1
A1
[8]

3.

(a)

(b)

(i)

3.8 0.3 (N s)

(ii)

momentum (of the ball) accept impulse

(iii)

mv = 3.8 or v = 3.8/0.16; = 23 (m s ) ecf a

(iv)

use F = ma giving 24 = 0.16a; a = 150 (m s )

(i)

exponential

(ii)

e.g. h1/h2 = e = 2.1(5); giving k = 0.74 to 0.76

or substitution from a line of table; gives 0.748, 0.757 or 0.746

Ambrose College

(iii)

1.5 (m)

(iv)

k.e. = mgh; = 0.16 9.8 0.38 (= 0.60 J)

2
[12]

4.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(i)

48 (N) 0.25 (s) (1)

(ii)

estimating area under graph or mean F; 6.5 1 (2)

(i)

a = F/m or = 48/0.5; = 96 (m s ) ecf a(i)

(ii)

Ft = mv; v = a(ii)/0.5 = 2a(ii) (m s ) ecf a(ii)

(iii)

k.e. = mv or = 0.5 b(ii) ; = a(ii) (J) ecf b(ii)

Ft = mv mu or = 0.5 (8 14); (1)

2
F = 11/0.18; = 61(.1) (N) aliter mean a = 12(2) m s F = ma (2)

3
[12]

5.

kinetic energy is the energy a body possesses by virtue of its speed (1)
as an energy it is a measure of force distance (1)
the rate of change of momentum defines force (1)
momentum is therefore a measure of force time (1)

Other possible answers will score a maximum of 3 unless the

force distance relationship is given for kinetic energy and the
force time relationship is given for momentum
momentum is always conserved in a collision (in the absence of
external forces) (1)
but kinetic energy may be lost with qualification of what happens (1)
2
kinetic energy is proportional to v but momentum is proportional to v (1)
kinetic energy is a scalar; momentum is a vector (1)
[4]

6.

(a)

(i)

(ii)

Ambrose College

13

13

27

mv = 7.6 10 to give v = (2 7.6 10 /6.6 10 (1)

14
7
1
evidence of calculation v = 2.3 10 or = 1.52 10 (m s ) (1)
(electrostatic) repulsion between charged particles (1)
slows alpha and accelerates nucleus/AW (1)
momentum of system is conserved(as no external forces) (1)
sum of momenta of alpha and nucleus must always equal initial
momentum of alpha/be a constant (1)
so speed of nucleus can be calculated as momentum = mv (1)
max 3

(b)

27

mv = MV or V = 6.6 10

(iv)

Ft = 2mv or 9.0 t = 2 6.6 10 1.52 10 ; t = 2.2 10 (s)

give (1) mark for change in momentum = impulse or mv = F()t

(i)

Coulomb force distance or F1/F2 = r2 /r1 or Fr = constant (1)

27

giving F = 4.0 N at 10 10
(ii)

1.52 10 / 3.0 10

25

(iii)

14

; = 1.8 N at 15 10

; = 3.3 10 (m s ) 2
20

14

m (2)

plot and draw correct curve ecf plausible values in b(i) (1)

1
[13]

Ambrose College