DSP Lab Manual r13 III-II

MPDSP LAB
Dr.K.V. SUBBAREDDY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DUPADU, KURNOOL
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

III B.Tech-II Sem (E.C.E)
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
Page 1
MPDSP LAB
Dr.K.V.Subba Reddy Institute of Technology:KURNOOL

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
III B.Tech-II Sem (ECE)
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
CYCLE 1: Software Experiments (Minimum of 5 experiments are to be conducted)
1) Generation of random signal and plot the same as a waveform showing all the
specifications.
2) Finding Power and (or) Energy of a given signal.
3) Convolution and Correlation (auto and cross correlation) of discrete sequences without
using built in functions for convolution and correlation operations.
4) DTFT of a given signal
5) N point FFT algorithm
6) Design of FIR filter using windowing technique and verify the frequency response of the
filter.
7) Design of IIR filter using any of the available methods and verify the frequency response of
the filter.
8) Design of analog filters.
CYCLE 2: Using DSP Processor kits(Minimum of 5 experiments are to be conducted)
1) Generation of random signal and plot the same as a waveform showing all the
specifications.
3) Convolution and Correlation (auto and cross correlation) of discrete sequences without
using built in functions for convolution and correlation operations.
5) N point FFT algorithm
6) Design of FIR filter using windowing technique and verify the frequency response of the
filter.
7) Design of IIR filter using any of the available methods and verify the frequency response of
the filter.
8) Design of analog filters.
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
Page 2
MPDSP LAB
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
Page 3
MPDSP LAB

1)
Generation of random signal and plot the same as a waveform showing all the
specifications
a) Generation of Sinusoidal signal
AIM :
Generation of Sinusoidal Signal.
APPARATUS REQUIRED : MATLAB Software
PROGRAM :
clc;
clear all;
close all;
disp('SINE SIGNAL');
N=input('Enter Number of Samples : ');
n=0:.1:N
x=sin(n)
stem(n,x);
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('sine Signal');
OUTPUT:
SINE SIGNAL
Enter Number of Samples : 16
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB
RESULT:- Thus the MATLAB program for generation of Sinusoidal signal was performed and
the output was verified.
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB
b) Generation of Square signal

AIM :
Generation of Square Signal.

PROGRAM :
clear all;
close all;
clc;
N = input('Enter the number of cycles in a square wave....:: ');
M = input('Enter the period of the square wave ....:: ');
y=0:0.001:2;
for j=0:M/2:M*N;
x=y;
plot(j,x,'r');
hold on;
end
for k=0:M:M*N;
x=k+y;
m=2;
plot(x,m,'r')
hold on
end
for k=2:M:M*N;
x=k+y;
m=0;
plot(x,m,'r');
hold on;
end
hold off
axis([0 12 -0.5 2.5])
xlabel('time---->');
ylabel('Amplitude--->');
title('Square wave');
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB
OUTPUT
Enter the number of cycles in a square wave....:: 3
Enter the period of the square wave ....:: 4
RESULT:- Thus the MATLAB program for generation Square wave was performed and the
output was verified.
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB


AIM :
Finding Power and (or) Energy of a given signal.

PROGRAM :
clear all;
close all;
clc;
t = 0:0.01:4;
tes = cos(2*pi*t);
M = length(tes);
sum = 0;
for i = 1:M,
sum = sum + tes(i)*tes(i);
end;
disp('Energy of the given sequence is ..... :: ');
Energy = sum
disp('Average Power of the given sequence is ..... :: ');
Average_power = sum/M
OUTPUT
Energy of the given sequence is ..... ::

Energy = 201
Average Power of the given sequence is ..... ::
Average_power = 0.5012
RESULT:- The power and energy of the given signal is calculated by using a matlab program
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB

3) Convolution and Correlation (auto and cross correlation) of discrete sequences

without using built in functions for convolution and correlation operations.
a) Linear Convolution
AIM :
To write a program in MATLAB to perform linear Convolution between two
discrete time sequences

PROGRAM :
% MATLAB program for linear convolution
%linear convolution program
clc;
clear all;
close all;
disp('linear convolution program');
x=input('enter i/p x(n):');
m=length(x);
h=input('enter i/p h(n):');
n=length(h);
x=[x,zeros(1,n)];
subplot(2,2,1), stem(x);
title('i/p sequence x(n)is:');
xlabel('---->n');
ylabel('---->x(n)');grid;
h=[h,zeros(1,m)];
subplot(2,2,2), stem(h);
title('i/p sequence h(n)is:');
xlabel('---->n');
ylabel('---->h(n)');grid;
disp('convolution of x(n) & h(n) is y(n):');
y=zeros(1,m+n-1);
for i=1:m+n-1
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB
y(i)=0;
for j=1:m+n-1
if(j<i+1)
y(i)=y(i)+x(j)*h(i-j+1);
end
end
end
subplot(2,2,[3,4]),stem(y);
title('convolution of x(n) & h(n) is :');
xlabel('---->n');
ylabel('---->y(n)');grid;
OUTPUT :
RESULT : The linear convolution of two sequences is verified by using MATLAB program.
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB
b) Auto Correlation
AIM :
Sequences.
To write a program in MATLAB to perform Auto Correlation of Discrte

PROGRAM :
clc;
clear all;
close all;
%% Inputs
% You can specify the inputs or can take them through command window
% h= input ('enter the sequence h');
% x= input ('enter the sequence x');
h=[1 1 2 3 4];
x=[1 3 5 7 9 2 4 6 8];
pp=h;qq=x;
% Plot the inputs
% subplot(3,1,1); stem(h,'m'); title ('h');ylabel('amplitude')
%%
% subplot(3,1,2); stem(x,'b'); title ('x');ylabel('amplitude')
%% calculate the cross correlation
l1= length (h); % calculate length of sequence h
l2= length (x); % calculate length of sequence x
l=abs (l1-l2); % calculate difference in lengths of sequence
if (l1 > l2)
x= [x zeros(1,l)];
else if(l2 > l)
h= [h zeros(1,l)];
end
end
h= [h zeros(1, max (l1, l2))];
for shift= 0:max(l1,l2);
new_x = [zeros(1, shift) x zeros(1, (max (l1 , l2))-shift)];
y(shift+1,:)= sum(h.* new_x);
end
y=y';
% Display the correlation sum
subplot(3,1,1); stem(pp,'m'); title ('h');ylabel('amplitude')
subplot(3,1,2); stem(qq,'b'); title ('x');ylabel('amplitude')
subplot(3,1,3); stem(y,'r'); title ('cross correlation'); xlabel('time');
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB
OUTPUT :
RESULT :
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB
c) Cross Correlation
AIM :
Sequences.
To write a program in MATLAB to perform Cross Correlation of Discrte

PROGRAM :
close all;
clear all;
clc;
x=input('enter the value of 1st sequence');
j=input('enter the value of 2nd sequence');
h=fliplr(j);
disp('the 1st sequence is-');
disp(x);
disp('the 2nd sequence is-');
disp(j);
lx=length(x);
lh=length(h);
n=lx+lh-1;
subplot(3,1,1);
stem(x);
title('1st sequence');
subplot(3,1,2);
stem(j);
title('2nd sequence');
hh=[h zeros(1,n-lh)];
xx=zeros(n);
xx(1:lx,1)=x;
for i=2:n
for j=2:n
xx(j,i)=xx(j-1,i-1);
end;
end;
yy=xx*hh';
subplot(3,1,3);
stem(yy);
disp('cross correlate o/p->');
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB
disp(yy');
title('y=cross correlastion of x & j');
OUTPUT :
RESULT :
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB


AIM :
To find DTFT of a given signal.

PROGRAM :
% Write a MATLAB program to find the DTFT of a given sequence.

%Enter the sequence : [1 3 5 6 7 2 4 9 8]
x=input('Enter the sequence : ')
N=length(x)
n=0:N-1
K=0:N-1
wn=exp(-j*2*pi/N)
nK=n'*K
wNnK=wn.^nK
df=x*wNnK
subplot(3,1,1)
stem(x,abs(df))
title('DTFT')
xlabel('K')
ylabel('Magnitude')
subplot(3,1,2)
stem(x,angle(df))
title('DTFT')
xlabel('K')
ylabel('phase')
wn=exp(j*2*pi/N)
nK=n'*K
wNnK=wn.^nK
inversdf=(x*wNnK)/N
subplot(3,1,3)
stem(x,abs(inversdf))
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB
title('Inverse DTFT')
xlabel('N')
ylabel('Magnitude')
OUTPUT :
RESULT :
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
Page 16
MPDSP LAB

5) N-point FFT algoritm

AIM :
To find N-FFT of a given Sequence

PROGRAM :
%fast fourier transform
clc;
clear all;
close all;
tic;
x=input('enter the sequence');
n=input('enter the length of fft');
%compute fft
disp('fourier transformed signal');
X=fft(x,n)
subplot(1,2,1);stem(x);
title('i/p signal');
xlabel('n --->');
ylabel('x(n) -->');grid;
subplot(1,2,2);stem(X);
title('fft of i/p x(n) is:');
xlabel('Real axis --->');
ylabel('Imaginary axis -->');grid;
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB
OUTPUT:
RESULT: The FFT of a given sequence is verified using MATLAB program
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB

6) FIR filters
AIM
To write a program in MATLAB to Verify FIR filters
SOFTWARE
MATLAB software
PROGRAM
%fir filt design window techniques

clc;
clear all;
close all;
rp=input('enter passband ripple');
rs=input('enter the stopband ripple');
fp=input('enter passband freq');
fs=input('enter stopband freq');
f=input('enter sampling freq ');
wp=2*fp/f;
ws=2*fs/f;
num=-20*log10(sqrt(rp*rs))-13;
dem=14.6*(fs-fp)/f;
n=ceil(num/dem);
n1=n+1;
if(rem(n,2)~=0)
n1=n;
n=n-1;
end
c=input('enter your choice of window function 1. rectangular 2.
triangular 3.kaiser: \n ');
if(c==1)
y=rectwin(n1);
disp('Rectangular window filter response');
end
if (c==2)
y=triang(n1);
disp('Triangular window filter response');
end
if(c==3)
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB
y=kaiser(n1);
disp('kaiser window filter response');
end
%LPF
b=fir1(n,wp,y);
[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
subplot(2,2,1);plot(o/pi,m);
title('LPF');
ylabel('Gain in dB-->');
xlabel('(a) Normalized frequency-->');
%HPF
b=fir1(n,wp,'high',y);
[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
title('HPF');
xlabel('(b) Normalized frequency-->');
%BPF
wn=[wp ws];
b=fir1(n,wn,y);
[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
title('BPF');
xlabel('(c) Normalized frequency-->');
%BSF
b=fir1(n,wn,'stop',y);
[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
title('BSF');
xlabel('(d) Normalized frequency-->');
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB
OUTPUT:
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB
RESULT: Using MATLAB program the FIR filter Verified.

DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB
7) IIR filters
AIM
To write a program in MATLAB to Verify IIR filters
SOFTWARE
MATLAB software
PROGRAM
% IIR filters LPF & HPF

clc;
clear all;
close all;
disp('enter the IIR filter design specifications');
rp=input('enter the passband ripple');
rs=input('enter the stopband ripple');
wp=input('enter the passband freq');
ws=input('enter the stopband freq');
fs=input('enter the sampling freq');
w1=2*wp/fs;w2=2*ws/fs;
[n,wn]=buttord(w1,w2,rp,rs,'s');
c=input('enter choice of filter 1. LPF 2. HPF \n ');
if(c==1)
disp('Frequency response of IIR LPF is:');
[b,a]=butter(n,wn,'low','s');
end
if(c==2)
disp('Frequency response of IIR HPF is:');
[b,a]=butter(n,wn,'high','s');
end
w=0:.01:pi;
[h,om]=freqs(b,a,w);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
an=angle(h);
figure,subplot(2,1,1);plot(om/pi,m);
title('magnitude response of IIR filter is:');
xlabel('(a) Normalized freq. -->');
subplot(2,1,2);plot(om/pi,an);
title('phase response of IIR filter is:');
xlabel('(b) Normalized freq. -->');
ylabel('Phase in radians-->');
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB
RESULT: Using MATLAB program the IIR filter Verified.
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB

DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB
1)
Generation of sine wave and square wave
AIM:- To generate a sine wave and square wave using C6713 simulator
EQUIPMENTS:Operating System - Windows XP
Software - CC STUDIO 3
DSK 6713 DSP Trainer kit.
USB Cable
Power supply
PROCEDURE:1. Open Code Composer Setup and select C6713 simulator, click save and quit
2. Start a new project using Project-> New pull down menu, save it in a separate
directory (C:\My projects) with file name sinewave.pjt
3. Create a new source file using File->New->Source file menu and save it in the project
folder(sinewave.c)
4. Add the source file (sinewave.c) to the project
ProjectAdd files to ProjectSelect sinewave.c
5. Add the linker command file hello.cmd
Project -> Add files to Project (path: C:\CCstudio\tutorial\dsk6713\hello\hello.cmd)
6. Add the run time support library file rts6700.lib
ProjectAdd files to Project (path: C\CCStudio\cgtools\lib\rts6700.lib)
7. Compile the program using projectCompile menu or by Ctrl+F7
8. Build the program using projectBuild menu or by F7
9. Load the sinewave.out file (from project folder lcconv\Debug) using FileLoad Program
10. Run the program using DebugRun or F5
11. To view the output graphically Select ViewGraphTime and Frequency
12. Repeat the steps 2 to 11 for square wave
PROGRAM: (a)
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
float a[500];
void main()
{
int i=0;
for(i=0;i<500;i++)
{
a[i]=sin(2*3.14*10000*i);
}
}
PROGRAM: (b)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int a[1000];
void main()
{
int i,j=0;
int b=5;
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
{
for (j=0;j<=50;j++)
{
a[(50*i)+j]=b;
}
b=b*(-1) ;
}
}
Output:- Sine wave
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
Page 28
MPDSP LAB
Square wave:-
Result:- The sine wave and square wave has been obtained.
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB

2)
AIM:
LINEAR CONVOLUTION
To verify Linear Convolution

USB Cable
Power supply
PROCEDURE:
1. Open Code Composer Setup and select C6713 simulator, click save and quit
2. Start a new project using Project New pull down menu, save it in a separate directory
(C:\My projects) with file name linearconv.pjt
3. Create a new source file using File New Source file menu and save it in the project
folder (linearconv.c)
4. Add the source file (linearconv.c) to the project
Project Add files to Project Select linearconv.c
5. Add the linker command file hello.cmd
Project Add files to Project
(path: C:\CCstudio\tutorial\dsk6713\hello\hello.cmd)
6. Add the run time support library file rts6700.lib
Project Add files to Project
(Path: C\CCStudio\cgtools\lib\rts6700.lib)
7. Compile the program using project Compile menu or by Ctrl+F7
8. Build the program using project Build menu or by F7
9. Load the linearconv.out file (from project folder impulse response\Debug) using
File Load Program
10. Run the program using Debug Run or F5
11. To view the output graphically
Select ViewGraph Time and Frequency
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB
12. observe the values in the output window.
PROGRAM:
// Linear convolution program in c language using CC Studio

#include<stdio.h>
int x[15],h[15],y[15];
main()
{
int i,j,m,n;
printf("\n enter value for m");
scanf("%d",&m);
printf("\n enter value for n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter values for i/p x(n):\n");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
scanf("%d",&x[i]);
printf("Enter Values for i/p h(n) \n");
for(i=0;i<n; i++)
scanf("%d",&h[i]);
// padding of zeros
for(i=m;i<=m+n-1;i++)
x[i]=0;
for(i=n;i<=m+n-1;i++)
h[i]=0;
/* convolution operation */
for(i=0;i<m+n-1;i++)
{
y[i]=0;
for(j=0;j<=i;j++)
{
y[i]=y[i]+(x[j]*h[i-j]);
}
}
//displaying the o/p
for(i=0;i<m+n-1;i++)
printf("\n The Value of output y[%d]=%d",i,y[i]);
}
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB
Output:-
enter value for m 4

enter value for n 4
Enter values for i/p 1234
Enter Values for n 1234
The Value of output y[0]=1
RESULT: Thus linear convolution of 2 sequences is verified using CC Studio
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB

3)
FIR FILTER DESIGN
AIM:
To verify FIR filter using CCS Studio.

USB Cable
Power supply
PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#define pi 3.1415
int n,N,c;
float wr[64],wt[64];
void main()
{
printf("\n enter no. of samples,N= :");
scanf("%d",&N);
printf("\n enter choice of window function\n 1.rect \n 2. triang \n c= :");
scanf("%d",&c);
printf("\n elements of window function are:");
switch(c)
{
case 1:
for(n=0;n<=N-1;n++)
{
wr[n]=1;
printf(" \n wr[%d]=%f",n,wr[n]);
}
break;
case 2:
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB
for(n=0;n<=N-1;n++)
{
wt[n]=1-(2*(float)n/(N-1));
printf("\n wt[%d]=%f",n,wt[n]);
}
break;
}
}
OUTPUT:
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
Page 34
MPDSP LAB
RESULT:
Here we designed FIR filter Using CC studio.
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB

4)
IIR FILTER DESIGN
AIM:
To verify IIR filter using CCS Studio.

USB Cable
Power supply
PROGRAM:
//iirfilters
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int i,w,wc,c,N;
float H[100];
float mul(float, int);
void main()
{
printf("\n enter order of filter ");
scanf("%d",&N);
printf("\n enter the cutoff freq ");
scanf("%d",&wc);
printf("\n enter the choice for IIR filter 1. LPF 2.HPF ");
scanf("%d",&c);
switch(c)
{
case 1:
for(w=0;w<100;w++)
{
H[w]=1/sqrt(1+mul((w/(float)wc),2*N));
printf("H[%d]=%f\n",w,H[w]);
}
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB
break;
case 2:
for(w=0;w<=100;w++)
{
H[w]=1/sqrt(1+mul((float)wc/w,2*N));
printf("H[%d]=%f\n",w,H[w]);
}
break;
}
}
float mul(float a,int x)
{
for(i=0;i<x-1;i++)
a*=a;
return(a);
}
OUTPUT:
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
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MPDSP LAB
RESULT:
Here we designed IIR filter Using CC studio.
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Dr.KVSRIT
Page 38

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MPDSP LAB

Dr.K.V. SUBBAREDDY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

Dr.K.V.Subba Reddy Institute of Technology:KURNOOL

III B.Tech-II Sem (ECE)

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB

Dr.K.V.Subba Reddy Institute of Technology:KURNOOL

III B.Tech-II Sem (ECE)

Generation of Sinusoidal Signal.

APPARATUS REQUIRED : MATLAB Software

b) Generation of Square signal

Generation of Square Signal.

APPARATUS REQUIRED : MATLAB Software

Dr.K.V.Subba Reddy Institute of Technology:KURNOOL

III B.Tech-II Sem (ECE)

2) Finding Power and (or) Energy of a given signal.

Finding Power and (or) Energy of a given signal.

APPARATUS REQUIRED : MATLAB Software

Energy of the given sequence is ..... ::

Dr.K.V.Subba Reddy Institute of Technology:KURNOOL

III B.Tech-II Sem (ECE)

3) Convolution and Correlation (auto and cross correlation) of discrete sequences

To write a program in MATLAB to perform linear Convolution between two

discrete time sequences

To write a program in MATLAB to perform Auto Correlation of Discrte

APPARATUS REQUIRED : MATLAB Software

To write a program in MATLAB to perform Cross Correlation of Discrte

APPARATUS REQUIRED : MATLAB Software

Dr.K.V.Subba Reddy Institute of Technology:KURNOOL

III B.Tech-II Sem (ECE)

4) DTFT of a given signal

To find DTFT of a given signal.

APPARATUS REQUIRED : MATLAB Software

% Write a MATLAB program to find the DTFT of a given sequence.

Dr.K.V.Subba Reddy Institute of Technology:KURNOOL

III B.Tech-II Sem (ECE)

5) N-point FFT algoritm

To find N-FFT of a given Sequence

APPARATUS REQUIRED : MATLAB Software

RESULT: The FFT of a given sequence is verified using MATLAB program

Dr.K.V.Subba Reddy Institute of Technology:KURNOOL

III B.Tech-II Sem (ECE)

To write a program in MATLAB to Verify FIR filters

%fir filt design window techniques

RESULT: Using MATLAB program the FIR filter Verified.

Dr.K.V.Subba Reddy Institute of Technology:KURNOOL

To write a program in MATLAB to Verify IIR filters

% IIR filters LPF & HPF

RESULT: Using MATLAB program the IIR filter Verified.

Dr.K.V.Subba Reddy Institute of Technology:KURNOOL

III B.Tech-II Sem (ECE)

Generation of sine wave and square wave

Output:- Sine wave

Dr.K.V.Subba Reddy Institute of Technology:KURNOOL

III B.Tech-II Sem (ECE)

EQUIPMENTS:Operating System - Windows XP

// Linear convolution program in c language using CC Studio

enter value for m 4

Dr.K.V.Subba Reddy Institute of Technology:KURNOOL

III B.Tech-II Sem (ECE)

FIR FILTER DESIGN

To verify FIR filter using CCS Studio.

EQUIPMENTS:Operating System - Windows XP