PREPARATORIA FEDERAL POR COOP. GILBERTO MTZ.

English Grammar Book

QB-B
Glvez Gonzlez Emmanuel

Index

Simple present
Present continuous
Simple past
Simple past verb to be was/were
Past continuous
Future Expression Going to
Simple future prediction probability
Present perfect
Past perfect the past of the past
Present perfect continuous
Past perfect continuous
Future perfect going to
Passive voice
Reported speech

Simple Present: Habits, routines, daily activity

Affirmative:

+ verb + comp.

Spelling rules 3rd person singular (He, she, it):

1. - Add s to the verb.
2. Add ES to verbs ending: ch, sh, x, o, s.

3. Change y for ies in a verb with a consonant before y.

4. Change have for has.
Negative:

+ do does + not + v + c

Do: I / You / We / They

Yes/no question:
Wh question:

Does: He / She / It

do does + + v + c?

wh + do does + + v +c?

We are watching the Hunger Games at school.

We watch the Hunger Games at school.
We dont watch the Hunger Games at school.
Do we watch the Hunger Games at school? Yes, we do / No, we dont.
Where do we watch the Hunger Games? In the school.
Dave is studying in another school because a friends fault.
Dave studies in another school because a friends fault.
Dave doesnt study in another school because a friends fault.
Does Dave study in another school because a friends fault? Yes, he does / No, he doesnt.
Where does Dave study because a friends fault? In another school.
Susan is working with a very famous person.
Susan works with a very famous person.
Susan doesnt work with a very famous person.
Does Susan work with a very famous person? Yes, she does / No, she doesnt.
Why does Susan work with a very famous person?
Maria goes swimming with her friends every weekend.
Maria doesnt go swimming with her friends every weekend.
Does Maria go swimming with her friends every weekend? Yes, she does / No, she doesnt.
Where does Maria go swimming with her friends every weekend? She goes to Saint Lorenz.
My friends and I work from Monday to Friday in a big company and we rest two days a week.
My friends and I dont work from Monday to Friday in a big company and we rest two days a week.
Do my friends and I work from Monday to Friday in a big company?
Why do my friends and I work from Monday to Friday in a big company and we rest two days a week?
Because we need money

Raul and Luis play volleyball in a very famous team they are champions.
Raul and Luis dont play volleyball in a very famous team they are champions.
Do Raul and Luis play volleyball in a very famous team are they champions?

Where do Raul and Luis play volleyball in a very famous team they are champions?
My family loves picnics; we go on a picnic very often.
My family doesnt love picnics.
Does my family love picnics? Yes, we does / No, we doesnt
When does my family go to a picnic? On weekend.
My students are very intelligent, they never fail exams.
My students arent very intelligent, they never fail exams.
Are my students very intelligent? Yes, they are / No, they arent.
Why are my students very intelligent?
Rosemary washes Rodrigos clothes on weekends.
Rosemary doesnt wash Rodrigos clothes on weekend.
Does Rosemary wash Rodrigos clothes on weekends? Yes, she does / No, she doesnt.
Where does Rosemary wash Rodrigos clothes on weekends?
Paul and I are very good friends.
Paul and I arent very good friends.
Are Paul and I very good friends? Yes, we are / No, we arent.
Why are Paul and I good friends?
My dog eats all kind of food.
My dog doesnt eat all kind of food.
Does my dog eat all kind of food? Yes, he does / No, he doesnt.
Why does my dog eat all kind of food?
Louisiana is a very big state.
Louisiana isnt a very big state.
Is Louisiana a very big state? Yes, it is / No, it isnt.
Why is Louisiana a very big state?
Peter brushes his dogs hair twice a week.
Peter doesnt brush his dogs hair twice a week.
Does Peter brush his dogs hair twice a week? Yes, he does / No, he doesnt.
Where does Peter brush his dogs hair twice a week?
Norma se levanta muy temprano los lunes.
Norma gets up very early on Monday.
Norma doesnt get up very early on Monday.
Does Norma get up very early on Monday? Yes, she does / No, she doesnt.
Where does Norma get up very early on Monday?
El sol brilla para todos.

The sun shines to everyone.

The son doesnt shine to everyone.
Does the sun shine to everyone?
What time does the sun shine to everyone?
Nosotros bebemos jugo de naranja en la maana.
We drink orange juice in the morning.
We dont drink orange juice in the morning.
Do we drink orange juice in the morning? Yes, we do / No, we dont.
Why do we drink orange juice in the morning?
Ayer platiqu con el hermano de mi amigo.
I talk with my friends brother today.
I dont talk with my friends brother today.
Do I talk with my friends brother today?
Where do I talk with my friends brother today?
Luisa est platicando mucho con Luis.
Luisa talks much with Luis.
Luisa doesnt talk much with Luis.
Does Luisa talk much with Luis?
Why does Luisa talk much with Luis?
Mi hermana quem la ropa al planchar.
My sister burned the clothes at iron.
My sister didnt burn the clothes at iron.
Did my sister burn the clothes at iron?
Why did my sister burn the clothes at iron?
Jons cepilla sus dientes 3 veces al da.
Jonas brushes his teeth 3 times a day.
Jonas doesnt brush his teeth 3 times day.
Does Jonas brush his teeth 3 times a day?
Where does Jonas brush his teeth 3 times a day?
Las hojas de los arboles caen lentamente en otoo.
The leaves of trees fall slowly in autumn.
The leaves of trees dont fall slowly in autumn.
Do the leaves of trees fall slowly in autumn?
When do the leaves of trees fall slowly?
Fernando rompe corazones.
Fernando breaks hearts.
Fernando doesnt break hearts.
Does Fernando break hearts?

Why does Fernando break hearts?

Los ladrones roban bancos muy seguido.
The robbers steal banks very often.
The robbers dont steal banks very often.
Do the robbers steal banks very often?
Why do the robbers steal banks very often?
Mi familia hace fiesta cada ao.
My family makes party every year.
My family doesn't make party every year.
Does my family make party every year?
What does my family every year?
Present Continuous: An action in progress. An action that is done at the moment of speaking
Aff: + to be + V. ing + comp
Neg: + to be + not + V. ing + comp.
Yes/No: to be + +v. ing + comp?
Wh: wh + to be + + c. ing + comp?
Maria is swimming right now.
Maria isnt swimming right now.
Is Maria swimming right now? Yes, she is / No , she isnt
What kind of music is Maria listening right now?
We arent watching the Hunger Games at school.
Are we watching the Hunger Games at school? Yes, we are / No, we arent.
Why are we watching the Hunger Games at school?
Dave isnt studying in another school because a friends fault.
Is Dave studying in another school because a friends fault? Yes, he is / No, he isnt.
Why is Dave studying in another school because a friends fault?
Susan isnt working with a very famous person.
Is Susan working with a very famous person? Yes, she is / No, she isnt
Why is Susan working with a very famous person?
Maria is swimming with her friends every weekend.
Maria isnt swimming with her friends every weekend.
Is Maria swimming with her friends every weekend? Yes, she is / No, she isnt.
Where is Maria swimming with her friends every weekend? She is to Saint Lorenz
My friends and I are working from Monday to Friday in a big company and we rest two days a week.
My friends and I arent working from Monday to Friday in a big company and we rest two days a week.
Are my friends and I working from Monday to Friday in a big company and we rest two days a week?
Yes, we are / No, we arent.
Where are my friends and I working from Monday to Friday? In a big company.

Raul and Luis are playing volleyball in a very famous team they are champions.
Raul and Luis arent playing volleyball in a very famous team they arent champions.
Are Raul and Luis playing volleyball in a very famous team? Are they champions? Yes, they are / No,
they arent.
How often are Raul and Luis playing volleyball in a very famous team?
The police officer isnt working long hours.
Is the police officer working long hours? Yes, he is / No, he isnt.
Why is the police officer working long hour?
The children arent skating in the ice rink.
Are the children skating in the ice rink? Yes, they are / No, they arent.
When are the children skating in the ice rink?
Sandy is washing Juans clothes.
Sandy isnt washing Juans clothes.
Is Sandy washing Juans clothes? Yes, she is / No, she isnt.
When is Sandy washing Juans clothes?
Julian is painting the house.
Julian isnt painting the house.
Is Julian painting the house? Yes, he is / No, he isnt.
Why is Julian painting the house?
Im talking with my friends brother today.
Im not talking with my friends brother today.
Am I talking with my friends brother today?
Why am I talking with my friends brother today?
Luisa is talking much with Luis.
Luisa isnt talking much with Luis.
Is Luisa talking much with Luis?
Why is Luisa talking much with Luis?
My students are very lazy.
My students arent very lazy.
Are my students very lazy?
Why are my students very lazy?
My students are writing a grammar exercise.
My students arent writing a grammar exercise.
Are my students writing a grammar exercise?
Where are my students writing a grammar exercise?
She is opening a gift.
She isnt opening a gift.
Is she is opening a gift?
What is she opening?
Laura and Jose are writing a letter to their grandma.
Laura and Jose arent writing a letter to their grandma.

Are Laura and Jose writing a letter to their grandma?

Why are Laura and Jose writing a letter to their grandma?
We are pressing the judge.
We arent pressing the judge.
Are we pressing the judge?
Who is pressing the judge?
Im cooking cake for my wifes birthday in this moment.
Im not cooking cake for my wifes birthday in this moment.
Am I cooking cake for my wifes birthday?
Why am I cooking cake?
My girlfriend & I are going to with her parents the next Sunday.
My girlfriend & I arent going to with her parents the next Sunday.
Are my girlfriend & I going to go with her parents?
Why are my girlfriend & I going to with her parents?
Im building the sand castle of my sons, in this moment.
Im not building the sand castle of my sons, in this moment.
Am I building the sand castle of my sons, in this moment?
Where am I building the sand castle of my sons, in this moment?
My dog is biting a bone.
My dog isnt biting a bone.
Is my dog biting a bone?
When is my dog biting a bone?
The robbers are stealing banks very often.
The robbers arent stealing banks very often.
Are the robbers stealing very often?
Who stealing banks very often?
My family is doing parties every year.
My family isnt doing parties every year.
Is my family doing parties every year?
Why is my family doing parties every year?

Simple Past: An action finished in the past.

Aff: + v. past + comp
Neg: + did + not + v.sbf + comp
Yes/No: Did + + v. sbf + comp?
Wh: wh + did + + s.sbf + comp?
Maria ran on the street.
Gabo finished his homework.
Maria didnt run on the street.
Gabo didnt finish his homework.

Did Maria run on the street? Yes, she did / No, she didnt.
Did Gabo finish his homework? Yes, he did / No, he didnt.
I talked with my friends brother yesterday.
I didnt talk with my friends brother yesterday.
Did I talk with my friends brother yesterday?
How long did I talk with my friends brother yesterday?
Luisa talked much with Luis.
Luisa didnt talk much with Luis.
Did Luisa talk much with Luis?
Why did Luisa talk much with Luis?
My sister burned the clothes at iron.
My sister didnt burn the clothes at iron.
Did my sister burn the clothes at iron?
Why did my sister burn the clothes at iron?
My friends and I went to shoot to the mountain.
My friends and I didnt go to shoot to the mountain.
Did my friends and I go to shoot to the mountain?
Why did my friends and I go to shoot to the mountain
Rocio woke up angry.
Rocio didnt wake up angry.
Did Rocio wake up angry?
Why did Rocio wake up angry?
My pants shrank when I washed them.
My pants didnt shrink when I washed them.
Did my pants shrink when I washed them?
Why did my pants shrink when I washed them?
The plane flew from Miami to Mexico.
The plane didnt fly from Miami to Mexico.
Did the plane fly from Miami to Mexico?
Why did the plane fly from Miami to Mexico?
Ana Luisa & Maria climbed the Everest a year ago.
Ana Luisa & Maria didnt climb the Everest a year ago.
Did Ana Luisa & Maria climb the Everest a year ago?
Where did Ana Luisa & Maria climb?
My friends & I went driving to Puebla at 5:30 pm yesterday.
My friends & I didnt go driving to Puebla at 5:30 pm yesterday.
Did my friends & I go driving to Puebla at 5:30 pm yesterday?
Where did my friends & I go driving?
Last week I paid my credit card.
Last week I didnt pray my credit card.
Did I pay my credit card last week?

Why did I pay my credit card last week?

The robbers stole banks very often.
The robbers didnt steal banks very often.
Did the robbers steal banks very often?
Who stole banks very often?
My family did party every year.
My family didnt party every year.
Did my family party every year?
What did my family every year?
Simple past verb to be

was were

Aff: + was were + comp

Neg: + was were + not + comp
Yes/no: was were + not + comp?
Wh: wh + was were + + comp?
She was with her boyfriend last weekend.
We were at school yesterday.
She wasnt with her boyfriend last weekend.
We werent at school yesterday.
Was she with her boyfriend last weekend? Yes, she was / No, she wasn
Were we at school yesterday? Yes, we were / No, we werent.
Who was with her boyfriend weekend?
Who was at school yesterday?
My parents were English teachers many years ago.
My parents werent English teachers many years ago.
Were my parents English teachers many years ago?
Where were my parents English teachers many years ago?
Past continuous: An action in progress in the past.
Aff: + was were + V. ing + comp.
Neg: + was were + not + V. ing + comp.
Yes/No: was were + + v. ing + comp?
Wh: wh + was were + + v.ing + comp?
We were dancing at St. Valentines Day Party.
We werent dancing at St. Valentines Day Party.
Were we dancing at St. Valentines Day Party? Yes, we were / No, we werent.
Where were dancing at St. Valentines Day Party?
Lorena was read a love book.
Lorena wasnt read a love book.
Was Lorena read a love book?

Why was Lorena read a love book?

She was opening a gift.
She wasnt opening a gift.
Was she opening a gift?
What was she opening a gift?
Laura and Jose were writing a letter to their grandma.
Laura and Jose werent writing a letter to their grandma.
Were Laura and Jose writing a letter?
When were Laura and Jose writing a letter?
We were pressing the judge.
We werent pressing the judge.
Were we pressing the judge?
Why we pressing the judge?
The wind was blowing very strong yesterday approximately at ten oclock pm.
The wind wasnt blowing very strong yesterday approximately at ten oclock pm.
Was the wind blowing very strong approximately at ten oclock pm?
Why was the wind blowing very strong approximately at ten oclock pm?
Future Going to.
Aff: + am is are + going to + verb + comp
Neg: + am is are + not + going to + verb + comp
Yes/No: am is are + + going to + verb + comp?
Wh: wh + am is are + + going to + verb + comp?
Were going to have an exam next week.
Hes gonna be an engineer.
We arent gonna have an exam next week.
He isnt going to be an engineer.
Are we gonna have an exam next week? Yes, we are / No, we arent.
Is he gonna be a engineer? Yes, he is / No, he isnt.
When are we gonna have an exam?
Why is he going to be engineer?
They are going to drink beer in the party.
They arent going to drink beer in the party.
Are they going to drink beer in the party?
Where are they going to drink beer?
Were going to hide the truth.
We arent gonna hide the truth.
Are we gonna hide the truth?
How much are we gonna hide the truth?
The robbers are going to steal banks very often.

The robbers arent going to steal banks very often.

Are the robbers going to steal banks very often?
Who is going to steal banks very often?.
My family is going to do party every year.
My family isnt going to do party every year.
Is my family going to do party every year?
Why is my family going to do party every year?
Simple future
Aff: + will + verb + comp
Neg: + will + not + verb + comp.
Yes/No: will + + verb + comp?
Wh: wh + will + + verb + comp?
Ill win the lottery.
She will travel to Europe.
I wont win the lottery.
She wont travel to Europe
Will you win the lottery? Yes, I will / No, I wont.
Will she travel to Europe? Yes, she will / No, she wont
Why will you win the lottery?
Where will she travel?
She will ride one motorcycle with friend.
She wont ride one motorcycle with friend.
Will she ride one motorcycle with friend?
Why will she ride one motorcycle with friend?
The plant will grow healthy and strong in the garden.
The plant will not grow healthy and strong in the garden.
Will the plant grow healthy and strong in the garden?
Who will grow healthy and strong in the garden?
The robbers will steal banks very often.
The robbers wont steal banks very often.
Will the robbers steal banks very often?
Who will steal banks very often?
My family will do party every year.
My family wont do party every year.
Will do my family party every year?
Why will do my family party every year?

Present Perfect: An action started in the past with a consequense in the present and future.
Aff: + have has + verb. P.p + comp.

Neg: + have has + not + verb P.p + comp.

Yes/No: Have has + + verb P.p + comp?
Wh: wh + have has + + verb P.p + comp?
My grandparents have lived in Tehuacan for 60 years.
My grandparents havent lived in Tehuacan for 60 years.
Have my grandparents lived in Tehuacan for 60 years?
Where have my grandparents lived for 60 years?
Junior has brushed his shoes since children.
Junior hasnt brushed his shoes since children.
Has Junior brushed his shoes since children?
Why has Junior brushed his shoes since children?
They have eaten hamburgers for 3 years.
They havent eaten hamburgers for 3 years.
Have they eaten hamburgers for 3 years?
Why have the eaten hamburgers for 3 years?
We have lived here for too many years.
We havent lived here for too many years.
Have we lived here for too many years?
Where have we lived for too many years?
Pablo has swung the baby for hours.
Pablo hasnt swung the baby for hours.
Has Pablo swung the baby for hours?
When has Pablo swung the baby for hours?
She has opened a gift.
She hasnt opened a gift.
Has she opened a gift?
Who has opened a gift?
We have pressed the judge.
We havent pressed the judge.
Have we pressed the judge?
Why have we pressed the judge?
Laura and Jose have written a letter to their grandma.
Laura and Jose havent written a letter to their grandma.
Have Laura and Jose written a letter to their grandma?
Who has written a letter?
My family has made party every year.
My family hasnt party every year.
Has my family made party every year?
Why has my family made party every year?

Past perfect
Aff: + had + verb p.p + comp.
Neg: + had + not + verb p.p + comp.
Yes/No: Had + + verb p.p + comp?
Wh: wh + had + + verb p.p + comp?
My family had made party every year.
My family hadnt made party every year.
Had my family made party every year?
Why had my family made party every year?
Robert had washed his jeans before it rained.
Robert hadnt washed his jeans before it rained.
Had Robert washed his jeans before it rained?
When had Robert washed his jeans before it rained?
They had played volleyball previous day.
They had not played volleyball previous day.
Had they played volleyball previous day?
When had they played volleyball?
She had cleaned the house at morning.
She had not cleaned the house at morning.
Had she cleaned the house at morning?
When had she cleaned the house?
She had forgotten her keys at school when arrived home.
She hadnt forgotten her keys at school when arrived home.
Had she forgotten her keys at school when she arrived home?
Where had she forgotten her keys at school when she arrived home?
Who had forgotten the keys when arrived home?
Present perfect Continuous:
An action started in the past, going in progress in a certain moment, until the present.
Aff: + have has + been + v.ing + comp.
Neg: + have has + not + been + v. ing + comp.
Yes/No: Have has + + been + v. ing + comp?
Wh: wh + have has + + been + v. ing + comp?
She has been waiting for her real love all her life.
We havent been working hard these days.
Have you been studying for your exams? Yes, I have / No, I havent.
How long have you been working in this company?
My family has been making party every year.

My family hasnt been making party every year.

Has my family been making party every year?
Why has my family been making party every year?
Past perfect continuous:
An action started in the past, going in progress in a certain moment before another action.
Aff: + had + been + v. ing + comp.
Neg: + had + not + been + v. ing + comp.
Yes/No: had + + been + v. ing + comp?
Wh: wh + had + + been + v.ing + comp?
She had been waiting for her real true all her life.
We hadnt been working hard these days.
Had you been studying for your exams? Yes, I had / No, I hadnt.
How long had you been working in this company?
My family had been making party every year.
My family hadnt been making party every year.
Had my family been making party every year?
Why had my family been making party every year?
Future Going toExpressed the idea that something will occur before another action in the future. It can did show
that something will happen before a specific time in the future.
Aff: + am is are + going to + have + verb past. Part + c.
Neg: + am is are + not + going to + have + verb p.p + c
Yes/No: Am is are + + going to + have + verb p.p + c?
Wh: wh + am is are + + going to + have + verb p.p + c?
You are going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.
Im not going to have perfected my English by the time I come back from the U.S.
Are you going to have perfected your English by the you come back from the U.S?
When are you going to have perfected your English?

Passive Voice : Its used when we focus on the action and the doer is not important.
Structure:

to be + past participle

Tense:
Simple present:
A: Rita writes a letter.
P: a letter is written by Rita.

Simple past:
A: Rita wrote a letter.
P: A letter was written by Rita.
Future:
A: Rita will write a letter.
P: A letter will be written by Rita
Present Continuous:
A: Rita is writing a letter.
P: A letter is being written by Rita.
Past continuous:
A: Rita was writing a letter.
P: A letter was being written by Rita.
Present perfect:
A: Rita has written a letter.
P: A letter has been written by Rita.
Past perfect:
A: Rita had written a letter.
P: A letter had been written by Rita.

Example:
Tense:
Simple present:
A: my friends build a house.
P: A house is built by my house.
Simple past:
A: My friends built a house.
P: A house was built by my friends.
Future:
A: My friends will build a house.
P: A house will be built by my house.
Present Continuous:
A: My friends are building a house
P: A house is being built by my friends.

Past continuous:
A: My friends were building a house.
P: A house was being built by my friends.
Present perfect:
A: My friends have built a house.
P: A house has been built by my friends
Past perfect:
A: My friends had built a house
P: A house had been built by my friends.

Reported Speech: To report what another person has said

Direct Speech: I speak English
No backshift: He says that he speaks English.
Backshift: He said that he spoke English.
Interrogative: Why dont you speak English? He asked me why I didnt speak English.
Yes/No question: Do you speak English? He asked me whether / if I spoke English.
Imperative: Carol, speak English He told Carol to speak English.
EXAMPLE:
1.- He said I like this song
He said he liked that song.
2.- Where is your sister?
She asked me where my sister was.
3.- I dont speak Italian she said.
She said she didnt speak Italian.
4.- Say Hello to Jim they said.
They said to say hello to Jim.
5.- The film begins at seven oclock he said.
He said the film began at seven oclock.
6.- Dont play on the grass, boys she said.
She told the boys not to play on the grass.

7.- Does she know Robert? he wanted to know.

He wanted to know if she knew Robert.
8.- Try this at home the teacher said.
The teacher said to try that at home.