9B

Social behavior how an animal reacts to animals of the same species.

Fit - able to do the activities that your lifestyle demands.
Ex) being able to run upstairs without getting out of breath.
Being strong enough to lift things up.
Fitness- means different things to different people
-S-factors: Suppleness, speed, strength, stamina
Criteria & rules- help to judge how fit someone is
-Fitness programs help your organs working properly.
Two main criteria to see if the fitness program is working well are: 1) slower
resting heartbeat rates (high stamina). 2) Heartbeat rates returning normal
quickly after exercising.
Organ systems
Circulatory (heart, blood vessel), Digestive (liver, small intestine, large
intestine), Breathing (lung, trachea, bronchi, diaphragm), Locomotor
(skeleton, muscles and joints), and Nervous system.
-Circulatory, digestive and breathing system provides muscles with glucose
and oxygen during exercise by aerobic respiration.

Glucose + Oxygen= Carbon dioxide + Water

Oxygen is absorbed by the breathing system and it is sent around the body
by the circulatory system.
Glucose from carbohydrate is digested by the digestive system and it is
carried around the body by the circulatory system.
Breathing system: lung, trachea, bronchi and diaphragm (sheet of muscle)
Mucus- produced by the cells in the tubes leading to the lungs. It traps dirt
and microbes.
Cilia- sweeps out the mucus out of tube. It is on the ciliated epithelial cells.
(Swollen blood vessels cause stuffy nose. This is cured by decongestants.)
Gas exchange- absorbing oxygen and excreting carbon dioxide.

Breathing in- muscles between the ribs contract and pull ribs up and out, and
the diaphragm contracts and moves down.
Breathing out- muscles relax and ribs move back down, the diaphragm
relaxes and rises.
Tobacco- damages breathing and circulatory systems.
-Nicotine- makes arteries narrower (lead to stroke and heart attack by
stopping the blood touching the brain)
-Carbon monoxide- stops red blood cells carrying oxygen (this can cause
babies to be premature for pregnant women)
-Tar- causes lung damage and lung cancer.
Deficiency disease- disease caused by lack of nutrient
- Anorexia- people stop eating because they are convinced that they
are too fat
Nutrient
Deficiency disease
Problem if too much
eaten
Protein
Kwashiorkor-swollen
tummy, liver damage.
Calcium
Rickets- weak bones
Kidney damage
with odd shape.
Iron
Anemia- tiredness and
Heart and liver damage
shortness of breath.
Vitamin A
Liver damage, Night
General tissue damage,
blindness-inability to
loss of coordination
see in dim light.
Vitamin C
Scurvy- bleeding gums

Low calorie diets get you to eat food containing less energy
Drugs- substances that affect the way your body works.
-All drugs can have harmful or side effects.

-Addictive
E.g.) reduce pain-swelling medicine: aspirin ibuprofen.
Recreational drugs- drugs taken for pleasure
-Legal: caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol
-Cannabis- causes memory loss.
-Ecstasy- causes mental illness, kidney problems, and death
-Cocaine- cause blocked arteries.
-Heroin- cause collapsed veins, vomiting and severe headache
Stimulant- drugs that increase the speed of neurons (nerve cells) carry
electrical signals.
-E.g.) nicotine, caffeine, cocaine and ecstasy
Depressants- slow neurons down
-Heroin
-Solvent abuse: sniffing solvents such as glues and paints. Cause brain
damage; stop the heart and lungs working.
-Alcohol- alcohol makes people become load and aggressive because it stops
the neurons in the brain which control behavior. It causes vomiting and even
death because it stops brain-sending impulses to the lung and stop the
breathing.
Drinking for a long time cause brain damage and also stops the body
absorbing and storing vitamins and minerals.<-- cause deficiency disease
Locomoter system
Skeleton- Main three functions: 1) support- vertebrae in backbone hold up
2) Protection- skull 3) movements-muscles.
Skeleton keeps changing to adapt your lifestyle. Ex) people who do labour
develop think arm bones to support bigger muscles.
Muscles move bones at joints by getting them shorter and fatter (contract).
They relax when they stop contracting.
Muscles only can pull not push
Antagonistic pairs- pairs of muscles to help to move.
-Triceps and biceps move the lower arm.
When u lift, biceps contract and triceps stretches. When they put the arms
down biceps stretches and triceps contract