Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2016
1. Sets, Relations & Functions
DAY 1
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DAY 21
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DAY 2
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DAY 3
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DAY 5
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DAY 6
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DAY 8
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DAY 9
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DAY 10
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DAY 23
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DAY 12
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3. Trigonometry
DAY 13
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DAY 14
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Maximum-Minimum Values
DAY 15
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DAY 16
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Trigonometric Equations
DAY 17
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Transformation Formulae
DAY 18
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DAY 25
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DAY 20
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Solutions of Triangle
Continuity
DAY 26
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Differentiability
DAY 27
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Differentiation Formulae,
Differentiation by Substitution
DAY 28
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DAY 29
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DAY 19
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Limits
DAY 30
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Definite Integration by
Substitution Parts and Partial
Functions
DAY 35
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DAY 36
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DAY 37
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Area of Curves
DAY 39
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DAY 40
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Formation of Differential
Equations and Solution of
Differential Equations
DAY 41
Homogeneous Differential
Equations, applications and
Standard Results, of Solutions
DAY 42
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DAY 46
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DAY 47
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Properties of Binomial
coefficients
DAY 48
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Properties of Multinomial
Theorem
DAY 49
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7. Permutations &
Combinations
DAY 50
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Test of Calculus
6. Binomial Theorem
DAY 43
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DAY 45
DAY 38
4. Calculus
DAY 24
DAY 34
DAY 11
DAY 33
DAY 32
DAY 22
DAY 4
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DAY 31
DAY 51
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Combination as Selection
DAY 52
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DAY 54
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DAY 55
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DAY 56
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DAY 57
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DAY 58
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Logarithmic
DAY 73
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DAY 59
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Exponential Series
DAY 60
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DAY 74
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DAY 62
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Straight Line
DAY 66
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DAY 69
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The Ellipse
DAY 70
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DAY 71
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Asymptote , Conjugates,
Rectangular Hyperbola
DAY 72
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DAY 80
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DAY 84
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DAY 85
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DAY 86
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DAY 87
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DAY 88
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Probability Distribution
Bernoullis Trial
DAY 99
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DAY 102
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Square Root
DAY 103
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DAY 104
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DAY 105
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DAY 106
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DAY 101
Binomial Distribution
Practice Test of Probability
DAY 100
DAY 92
DAY 93
Practice Test
Bayes Theorem
DAY 91
DAY 98
DAY 89
DAY 90
DAY 97
DAY 82
Types of LPP
DAY 96
DAY 95
DAY 81
DAY 107
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Test of Algebra
DAY 109
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Tautology, Contradiction,
Converse & Contrapositive
Quantifiers
DAY 110
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DAY 111
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DAY 112
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DAY 113
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DAY 67
DAY 68
DAY 78
DAY 65
DAY 77
DAY 63
DAY 64
DAY 76
9. Coordinate Geometry
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DAY 75
DAY 61
DAY 114
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DAY 115
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Practice Set
( Full Syllabus )
DAY 116
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Practice Set
( Full Syllabus)
DAY 117
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DAY 118
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DAY 119
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DAY 120
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How to Revise?
Special Mantras
Remember, revision is not something that starts in the end of academic session
rather it is what you can do on daily basis; in fact you can initiate it right from
the very first day of your learning.
Formulae; make a note of them on a plain paper and fix them before your
bed or sort so as to view them frequently and memorise them. Because if
you remember the formulae possibly the problem solving is half done.
In mathematical problems you need to understand the flow of steps
towards the answer but not mug-up the steps. Because, if you forget even
a single step you may stop solving it. If you try to flow steps towards
answer you can find one way on your own and also remember the step
better.
Mathematical logics are developed with more and more exposure, so try
to utilize more and more of your study time in the development of logics.
This ensures higher success rate.
This not only builds your confidence but also trains your mind to solve
the problems faster.
n
n
Last but not least you are the best to know your situation, analyze it thoroughly
and work out the best method for your revision. Think for yourself, you are mature
enough to organize your own study plan. Use your discretion to judge what will
work for you and what will not.
@CLASS XI SYLLABUS
Final Touch
Complex Numbers
A number of the form x + iy, where x, y R and i = -1, is
called a complex number. If z = x + iy, then x is called real
part of z and denoted as Re(z), whereas y is called imaginary
part of z and denoted as Im(z).
MATHS MAXIMA
n
z + z = 2Re(z), z - z = 2 i Im(z)
z + z = 0 z is purely imaginary; z - z = 0 z is purely
real.
zz = [Re(z)]2 + [Im(z)]2
(z1 + z2 ) = z1 + z2
(z1 - z2 ) = z1 - z2
(z1 z2 ) = z1 z2
z1
z
2
z2 0
-1, i2 = - 1, i3 = - i, i4 = 1
i4 n = 1, i4 n + 1 = i, i4 n + 2 = - 1 and i4 n + 3 = - i
z1
= ;
z
2
and
x 2 + y2
y
+ 2 kp , k I
x
q
O
Properties of Modulus
l
|z| = 0 z = 0
|z1 z2 | = |z1||z2|
|z| = |z| = |- z | = |- z|
z1 |z1|
=
, if z2 0
z2 |z2|
+
+
-
z2|2
z2|2
z2|2
z2|2
Properties of Argument
z
arg 1 = arg (z1 ) - arg (z2 ) + 2 kp, k = 0 or 1 or - 1
z2
z
arg = 2 arg(z) + 2 kp, k = 0 or 1 or - 1
z
z
q
q2
q2
q1
z - z3
Angle between line joining z 1, z 2 , z 3 and z 4 is q = arg 4
z2 - z1
D(z4)
B(z2)
C(z3)
z - a
for b < 0
2
A(z1)
1+ i
The square roots of i =
2
1- i
The square roots of - i =
2
-i
MATHS MAXIMA
z1
(z2z1)
z +a
z2
q 1 q 2
(z3z1)
q1
z2
[Q a + ib = z e iq ]
z1
f)
z2 ei( q +
and
arg(z) = - arg(z)
If arg(z) = 0 z is real.
arg (z1 z2 ) = arg(z1 ) + arg(z2 ) + 2 kp, k = 0 or - 1 or 1
z1 . z2 = z1 eiq z2 eif
z1 . z2 = z1
a + ib = r(cos q + i sin q ), a + ib = r e iq
1 = z z3 - 1 = 0 (z - 1) (z2 + z + 1) = 0
-1 + i 3 -1 - i 3
z = 1,
,
2
2
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
x + x + 1 = (x - w) (x - w )
x 2 - x + 1 = (x + w) (x + w2 )
x 2 + xy + y 2 = (x - yw) (x - yw2 )
x 2 - xy + y 2 = (x + wy ) (x + yw2 )
x 2 + y 2 = (x + iy ) (x - iy )
x 3 + y 3 = (x + y ) (x + yw) (x + yw2 )
x 3 - y 3 = (x - y ) (x - yw) (x - yw2 )
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 - xy - yz - zx
= (x + yw + yw2 )( x + yw2 + zw)
or (xw + yw2 + z ) (xw2 + yw + z )
or (xw + y + zw2 ) (xw2 + y + zw)
x 3 + y 3 + z 3 - 3 xyz = (x + y + z )
(x + wy + w2 z ) (x + w2y + wz )
2
then the nth roots of unity are 1, a, a2 , a3 , ..., a n - 1 which are in GP.
1 + a + a 2 + a 3 + ... + a n - 1 = 0
- 1, n is even
1 a a 2 a 3 ... a n - 1 =
1, n is odd
The points represented by the nth roots of unity are located at the vertices of
a regular polygon of n sides inscribed in a unit circle having centre at the
origin, one vertex on the positive real axis.
3, when n is a multiple of 3
1+ w + w =
0, when n is not a multiple of 3
2n
De-Moivres Theorem
(i) If n is an integer, then
(cos q + i sin q) n = cos nq + i sin nq
(ii) If n is a rational number, then (cos nq + i sin nq) is
one of the value of (cos q + i sin q) n
A3(a2)
3)
a
A 4(
A2(a)
2p
n
2p
n
|z2|
|z1|
P (z1)
P (z1)
1
|z
|
z2
R (z1 z2)
R (z1+z2)
Q (z2)
( q1 + q 2 + q 3 + ... + q n )
A1(1)
An(an1)
2 kp + q
2 kp + q
z1 / n = r1 / n cos
+ i sin
n
n
where, k = 0, 1, 2, 3, ..., (n - 1)
2p
2p
+ i sin ,
n
n
z2
1 + w + w2 = 0
w3 = 1
w3 n = 1, w3 n + 1 = w, w3 n + 2 = w2
w = w2 and (w)2 = w
Each complex cube root of unity is the square of the
other.
Each complex cube root of unity is the reciprocal of
1
1
the other. i.e. w = 2 and w2 =
w
w
Cube roots of 1 are - 1, - w and - w2 .
Cube roots of unity represent vertices of equilateral
triangle on the argand plane.
1+
2 kp
2 kp
+ i sin
n
n
|z
x = cos
Q
(z2)
z1 z2 = r1 r2 e
R (z1 z2)
Q (z2)
q1+q2
q2
q2
q1
i( q 1 + q2 )
P (z1)
X
z - z1
.
(a) AB is inclined to CD at the angle arg 2
z4 - z3
z - z1
p
= .
(b) If CD is inclined at 90 to AB, then arg 2
z
z
2
3
4
P (z1)
Q (z2)
q2
q1
z1
R z
2
q2
(c) If z 1 and z 2 are fixed complex numbers, then the locus of a point z
q1 q2
Triangle Inequalities
z1 r1 i( q 1 - q2 )
= e
z2 r2
OQ = OP
OQ
OP ia
=
e
OQ
OP
C (z3)
z3 - z1
z - z1 ia
= 2
e
|z3 - z1|
|z2 - z1|
B (z2)
If
z3 - z1 = z2 - z1
Then,
z3 - z1 = (z2 - z1 ) ei a
REMEMBER
(i)
Q (zeia)
P (z)
a
q1
O
P (z2 z1)
z - z1 ia
z3 - z1
e
= 3
z2 - z1
z2 - z1
ia
ia
z - z1
p
= .
satisfying arg
2
z - z2
MASTER
p
p
12. The amplitude of sin + i 1 - cos is
2p
(a)
5
(b) -4
3. The conjugate of
(a)
8+ i
5
(b)
(c) -4i
(a) cos q
2 + 3i
5
(c) 6 - 8i
50
(c) y
(d) 1
(b) parabola
(d) None of these
(d)
w+ w
(a) 0
9
27
1 3
+
+ ...
+ +
2 8 32 128
(b) 1
is
(c) -2
(d) -1
(d) 4, 0
1
1
1
+
+
= 1, then |z1 + z2 + z3| is
z1
z2
z3
(b) less than 1
(d) equal to 3
(b) 2( a 3 - b 3 - c 3 )
(d) a 3 - b 3 - c 3
50
r =1
(b) 25
(c) 75
1
is
-1
(d) -25
7 3 7
3
1
3
then the value of a + b + c is equal to
w
w
w
(a) -2
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) -3
1 - zi
, then |w| = 1 implies that, in
18. If z = x + iy and w =
z-i
the complex plane
(a) z lies on the imaginary axis(b) z lies on the real axis
(c) z lies on the unit circle
(d) None of these
(b) 1
(a) -85
2z + 1
is -z, then the locus of the
8. If the imaginary part of
iz + 1
point represented by z is a
(a) 0
(c) 6, 1
r =0
a+ i
, x, y, a R, then ay - x is equal to
a- i
(b) 6, 0
(a) 2( a 3 + b 3 + c 3 )
(c) a 3 + b 3 + c 3 - 3abc
(z)
(b) x
(a) 4, 1
z1 - z3 1 - i 3
are vertices of a triangle which is
=
z2 - z3
2
(a) a
(d) sin2 q
(d) 6 + 8i
7. If x + iy =
(c) sin q
(b) 2 - 3i > 3 + 2 i
(d) None of these
(b) cos2 q
2 - 3i
5
(d)
p
10
15. If x = a + b + c, y = aa + bb + c and z = ab + ba + c,
(c)
(b) 8 - 6i
(d)
p
(c)
15
equal to
2 + 3i
is
1 + 2i
8-i
5
p
(b)
5
(a) ( x 2 + x + 1) + i ( x 2 - x + 1)
1
(b)
{ x 2 + x + 1 + i x 2 - x + 1}
2
1
(c)
( x 2 - 1 + i x 2 + 1)
2
(d) None of the above
(b) 169
(c) 49
(d) 25
(b) prs = q 2 + r 2 p
(d) pqs = s 2 + q 2 r
(b) 24
(c) 30
(d) 10
(a) 2
7
(c)
2
32. If w = e
(d) 6
-n
(1 - a )2
-2 n
(c)
1- a
-n
1- a
-2 n
(d)
(1 - a )2
(b)
(a)
(d) 0,
(a) (0, 0)
1
(c) , 0
3
2
3
(c)| z| = 1
(d)| z| =
3
4
(c) 3
(d) 4
-4
= 1, then
(c)
11n - 1 - 1
10
(d)
11n - 1
10
(a)
| az0 + az0 + b|
2| a|
| az0 + az0 + b|
(d)
2| a|
(b)
10
(b) ( 3 - 4i ) e ip / 4
(d) ( 3 + 4i ) e ip / 4
(a) a
(d) 1
(b) b
(c) a - b
(d) a + b
(b) 16
36. If log
(c) 24
(d) 32
-1, can be
|z|2 -|z|+1
> 2, then the locus of z is
2 + |z|
(a)| z| = 5
(c)| z| > 5
(b)| z|< 5
(d) None of these
(b)
(c) 9
1
1
1
2a
, then the
33. If x = 2 + 5 i and 2
+
+
=
1!9 ! 3 !7 ! 5 !5 ! b!
3
2
value of (x - 5 x + 33 x - 19) is equal to
1
35. sin-1 (z - 1), where z is non-real and i =
i
(b) 6
(a) 8
(b) 2 + 1
(d) None of these
(a) 11n - 1
a + b + c = x, a + bw + cw2 = y , a + bw2 + cw = z
(a) 3
(a) 1
terms equal to
3
2
2p
3
(a)| z| =
+
+
-
3i ) z - (2 + 3i ) z = 0
3i ) z - (2 - 3i ) z = 0
3i ) z + (2 - 3i ) z = 0
3i ) z + (2 + 3i ) z = 0
circles
(x - x0 )2 + (y - y0 )2 = r2 and
(x - x0 )2 + (y - y0 )2 = 4 r2 , respectively. If z0 = x0 + iy0
satisfies the equation 2|z0|2 = r2 + 2, then|a|is equal to
(a)
1
2
39. If w =
(b)
1
2
(c)
1
7
(d)
1
3
z
and |w| = 1, then z lies on
z - i/3
(a) parabola
(c) a circle
(b) 280
(c) 290
(a)| z + z | =
(b) z + z = 1
(d) z f
(d) None
x + 1 + x2 + 1 + x3 + 1 + ... + x27 + 1
x
x2
x3
x27
is
(a) 54
(c) 27
(b) 36
(d) 18
1 + i tan a
p
2
1 + i tan na
simplified, reduces to
equal to
(a) tan q
(a) 4
(c) 8
(c) ( a + a ) + r
(d) ( a + a )2 - 4r
z - z1
(b) arg
= arg 3
z
z
1
2
z3 - z1
z3
(d) arg
= 2 arg
z2
z2 - z1
(b) 6
(d) More than 8
z3 - z1
is equal to
unity, then arg
z
+
z
2
z
3
1
2
(d) i tan q / 2
49. Let A(z1 ), B(z2 ) and C(z3 ) be the vertices of D ABC such
(a) arg
(c) arg
(c) tan q / 2
z z
+
= 1 is
z
z
(b) i tan q
(b) 2 sin na
(d) None of these
2
z
, when
-
43. The expression
1 - i tan na
1 - i tan a
(a) 0
(c) 2 cos na
(b)|b| = 1
(d) b ( 0, 1)
z
= arg 2
z1
z - z1
z3 1
= arg 3
z2 2
z2 - z1
z3
z2
(a)
p
6
(b)
p
3
(c)
p
12
(d)
p
4
a + a 2 + a -2 - a -1 |
(a) 4
is equal to
(b) 2
(c) 1
(d) None
Answers
1.
11.
21.
31.
41.
(b)
(a)
(c)
(d)
(d)
2.
12.
22.
32.
42.
(b)
(d)
(a)
(a)
(b)
3.
13.
23.
33.
43.
(a)
(d)
(b)
(b)
(a)
4.
14.
24.
34.
44.
(c)
(b)
(c)
(b)
(d)
5.
15.
25.
35.
45.
(d)
(c)
(a)
(b)
(a)
6.
16.
26.
36.
46.
(c)
(d)
(a)
(c)
(c)
7.
17.
27.
37.
47.
(d)
(a)
(a)
(d)
(b)
8.
18.
28.
38.
48.
(a)
(b)
(a)
(c)
(c)
9.
19.
29.
39.
49.
(b)
(a)
(d)
(b)
(c)
10.
20.
30.
40.
50.
(d)
(d)
(b)
(c)
(a)
AIPMT 2016
11
Formula at a Glance
15. If z1 , z2 , z3 are the vertices of D ABC described in counter
1. If n is an integer, then
i 4 n = 1, i 4 n + 1 = i , i 4 n + 2 = - 1 and i 4 n + 3 = - i
i.e. i n + i n + 1 + i n + 2 + i n + 3 = 0
z+ z
z- z
, Im( z) =
2
2i
y
x 2 + y 2 and arg( z) = tan-1 + 2 kp.
x
( a + c 2 + d 2 ) and ( a - c 2 + d 2 ).
of
complex
number
z = a + ib
is
| z| + a
| z| - a
+ i
for b > 0
2
2
| z| + a
| z| - a
and
-i
for b < 0
2
2
mz2 + nz1
m+ n
mz2 - nz1
m-n
(a) 1 + a + a 2 + ... + a n - 1 = 0
-1, n is even
(b) 1 a a 2 ... a n - 1 =
1, n is odd
z1 1
z2 1
z3 1
3, when n is a multiple of 3
z1
1
z2
2
z3
11. 1 + w n + w 2 n =
0, when n is not a multiple of 3
2 kp + q
2 kp + q
z1 / n = r1 / n cos
+ i sin
,
n
n
k = 0, 1, 2, 3, ..., ( n - 1)
D =
12
z3 - z1 | z3 - z1| ia
=
e
z2 - z1 | z2 - z1|
where
| z - z0| = r or z z - z0 z - z0 z + z0 z0 - r 2 = 0
| z - z1|
= k represents a circle. For k = 1, it
| z - z2|
26. The
diameter
form
of
circle
is
( z - z1 )( z - z2 ) + ( z - z2 )( z - z1 ) = 0 , where A( z1 ) and
B( z2 ) are end points of diameter.
3 2
8
(b)
2 3
8
(c)
3 2
5
(d)
(a) 0
(c) 13l
(b)
5
4
(c)
5
12
(d)
12
5
7p
2
(b)
7p
- 11
2
(c)
5p
- 11
2
1
(b)
7
1
(d)
50
(a) 2, 4
3 /4
1/3
d2 y
= 2
dx
(b) 2, 3
are, respectively
(c) 6, 4
(d) 6, 9
28
(b) 4
(b) 13
(d) None of these
(c) 5
(a) 2
(c) 6
3(z)2
= 0,
|z|
(b) 3
(d) 5
(a) AP
(c) HP
(b) GP
(d) None of these
dy
1 +
dx
(b) 7 / 3
(d) 5 / 3
5
3
(a) 5 / 4
(c) 7 / 4
(a) f( x ) 2
(b)| f( x )| 1
(c) f( x ) = 2 x
(d) f( x ) = 3 for atleast one x in [0, 2]
y=
y2
x2
+ 2 = 1, (b < 4), so
16
b
that the fourth vertex S of parallelogram PQRS lies on
the circumcircle of D PQR, then the eccentricity of the
ellipse is
circle x2 + y2 = 25 to the ellipse
3
4
$i + $j - 2k$
6
$i + $j + k$
(c)
3
$i + $j - k$
(b)
(d) k$
(a)
6
143
(b)
(c)
137
143
(d)
C4
C5
15
14
C5
C4
15
14. The
function
f(x) = e
-3x + 2
f : (-, - 1] (0, e5 ),
1 / 2
by
(b) 1
(c) 0
(d) 101/2
(c) 38
(b) a 2 - b 2 = c 2
(d) None of these
n
(a)54
(a) a 2 + b 2 > c 2
(c) a 2 + b 2 = c 2
1
1
cos ec101 x - dx is equal to
x
x
(a) 1/4
, is
15.
defined
(d) 40
1
value of x in the expansion of x2 - 2 + 2 is equal to
x
(a) 2 n + 1
(d) n + 1
(c) 2 n
(b) n
[ x ]+|x|
- 2)
x(e
, where []
[x] + |x|
integer function, then lim f(x) is
24. If f(x) =
(a) -1
x 0
(b) 0
represents greatest
(c) 1
7 3 7
(a) 10.0
(a) 0
(b) 20.0
(c) 10.1
(d) 20.2
2 x2 + 10|x|+ 4
=
sin-1 cos 2
x + 5|x|+ 3
2 - 18 |x| p
+ is
cot cot -1
9 |x| 2
(b) - 9
27. If tanq1 , tanq2 , tanq3 are the real roots of the equation
x3 - (a + 1)x2 + (b - a)x - b = 0, where
q1 + q2 + q3 (0, p), then q1 + q2 + q3 is equal to
(a) p / 2
(c) - 3
(d) - 1
(b) p / 4
(c) 3 p / 4
(d) p
(a) 9
(d) 6
a a + 1 a -1
a+1
b+1
c -1
-b b + 1 b - 1 +
a -1
b -1
c + 1 = 0,
c c -1 c + 1
(-1)n + 2 a (-1)n + 1 b (-1)n c
(a) zero
(c) any odd integer
(c) 7
2
(b) 12
(b) GP
(c) HP
(d) AGP
30. For x >1 and y = log x which one of the following is not
true?
(a) x - 1 > y
(b) x 2 - 1 > y
(c) y > x - 1
(d)
x -1
<y
x
29
1
1
1
3
y - + 1y- +
2
4
2
4
P=
=
2
2
1
1
P is minimum, when y - = 0 y =
2
2
3
3 2
Pmin =
=
8
4 2
Lagranges mean value theorem in [0, 2]. So, it also satisfies
in [0, x]. Consequently, there exists c ( 0, x ) such that
f ( x ) - f ( 0)
f (c ) =
x-0
3. (c) y =
f (c ) =
f( x )
x
1
Q| f ( x )| 2
[Q x 0]
[Q x ( 0, 2 )\| x| < 2]
x or y 2 = x ( y 0) and y = x 3.
x 3/ 2
x4
( x - x 3 ) dx =
4 0
3 /2
y2 =
A (1, 1)
y=x3
O
5
sq unit
12
= sin-1 sin - 10
2
-1
= - sin sin 10 -
2
-1
= - sin sin 3p - 10 +
2
7p
p
= - 3p +
- 10 = 10 2
2
30
- sin x
|sin x|
- sin10
=1
|sin10 |
7p
2
04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 10, 20, 30, 40.
Number of such tickets = 14
There is only one ticket numbered as 08, sum of whose digits
is 8.
\ Total number of cases = 14
Favourable number of cases = 1
1
\ Probability =
14
dy
1 +
dx
f( x )
1
= | f (c )|
x
2
| x|
| f( x )|
2
x
| f( x )|
2
| f( x )| 1
\ Required area =
f (10) =
- sin x
1 - cos 2 x
5. (a) Tickets having product of digits as zero are 00, 01, 02, 03,
f ( x ) =
(1/ 3) 12
d 2y
= 2
dx
d 2y
dy
1 + = 2
dx
dx
n 9, m 100
( n = 1, m = 1), ( n = 3, m = 2 )
( n = 5, m = 6), ( n = 7, m = 22 )
( n = 9, m = 86)
and for n = 2, 4, 6, 8, is a fraction, which is not feasible.
e2 =
e =
16
4
9. (b) P( n) = 12 n + 125n - 1
P(1) = 12 1 + 1251 - 1 = 12 + 1 = 13
So, the least divisor is 13.
x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 + x6 = 10
Such that, x1 1, x2 1, , x6 1
z = re iq
Let
3 i 3q
re
+ 3re
- i 2q
=0
Now,
x 2 + y2 = c 2
a2 + b2 = c2
S1 : x 2 + y 2 + 2 l1 x - c 2 = 0
S 2 : x 2 + y 2 + 2 l2 x - c 2 = 0
S 3 : x 2 + y 2 + 2 l3 x - c 2 = 0
|TS1| =
(i)
a 2 + b 2 + 2 l1a - c 2
Also,
x + y + z =1
a d$ = 0 x - y = 0
(i)
x= y
(ii)
C5
137
=
C 5 143
15
- 3x + 2
g ( x) = x 3 - 3 x + 2
g ( x ) = 3 x 2 - 3
= 3( x 2 - 1)
g ( x ) 0 for x ( - , - 1]
\ g ( x ) is an increasing function.
\ f( x ) is one-one.
Now, the range of f( x ) is [0, e 4 ] but the codomain is (0, e 5).
\ f( x ) is an into function.
2 1
1
1
-1
Let
= t 2 dx = dt
x
x
1/ 2 1
1
I=-
cosec 101 - t dt
\
2
t
t
0 1 -1
-1 0 1 = 0
x y z
x+ y + z = 0
2x + z = 0
z = -2x
From Eqs.(i), (ii) and (iii), we get
x 2 + y 2 + z2 = 1
2
x + x2 + 4 x2 = 1
6 x2 = 1
1
x=
6
1 $ $
$
d=
( i + j - 2 k$ )
\
6
P( E ) = 1 -
=-
$ =0
Also, [b c d]
C6 - 1
Let
12.
C6 - 1
10 + 6 - 1
Similarly,
10 - 1
1/ 2 t cosec 101 t
1
- dt
t
I=-I
2I = 0
I=0
(iii)
C 2 + 6C 2 = 15 + 15
= 30
The number of matches in the next round = 6C 2 = 15
The number of matches in the semi-final round = 4 C 2 = 6
\ The required number of matches = 30 + 15 + 6 + 2 = 53
(for best of three atleast two matches are played)
S| x - x|
(i)
17. (c) Mean deviation =
n
For given data with 101 terms ( x = 101),
1 + 1 + d + 1 + 2d + K + 1 + 100 d
x=
101
101 + d(1 + 2 + ... + 100)
=
101
101 d [(100 101) / 2 ]
=
+
= 1 + 50 d
101
101
Now,
S| x - x | = |1 - (1 + 50 d )| +
|1 + d - (1 + 50 d )| + |1 + 2d - (1 + 50 d )|
+ ... + |(1 + 100 d ) - (1 + 50 d )|
31
adj(adj)
Mean deviation =
20. (b) If
d = 101
.
pq
pq
pq
pq
p
- cos -1
2
2 x 2 + 10 | x| + 4
=
cos 2
x + 5 | x| + 3
2 - 18 | x| p
+
cot cot -1
9 | x| 2
p 2 x 2 + 10 | x| + 4 2 - 18 | x| p
=
+
2
9 | x|
2
x 2 + 5 | x| + 3
2( x 2 + 5 | x| + 3) - 2
2
-2
-
=
2
9
|
x|
x
|
x
|
+
5
+
3
2
2
= -2 + 2
=
-2
x + 5 | x| + 3 9 | x|
~q
p ~q
x 2 - 4 | x| + 3 = 0
| x| = 1, 3
x = 1, - 1, 3, - 3
\ Product = 9
A
B 5
A
B 1
22. (c) tan + tan = and tan tan =
2
2
6
2
2
6
A
B
5
tan + tan
B
A
2
2 =
6
\ tan + =
=1
A
B
1
2
2
1 - tan tan
1 -
2
2
6
A
B p
p
+
=
A+ B=
2
2
2
4
p
C =
2
c 2 = a2 + b 2
23. (c) x 2 - 2 +
Now,
(i) p q is false (F) if and only if p is true (T) and q is
false (F) in all other cases it is true (T).
(ii) p q is true (T) if and only if both p and q are true (T) or
p and q are both false (F).
(iii) Tautology : The compound statement involving p and q
as component statements is called a tautology, if this
statement is true (T) for all values of p and q.
(iv) Fallacy : The compound statement involving p and q as
component statements is called a fallacy, if it is false (F)
for all values of p and q.
~ (p ~ q)
pq
32
- b
a
b
d
, adj A =
d
-c
b
= A.
d
a a+ 1 a-1
a a+ 1 a-1
D = - b b + 1 b - 1 + ( -1)n - b b + 1 b - 1
c c -1 c + 1
c c -1 c + 1
Now, D = 0, if n is any odd integer.
a
A=
c
a
A=
c
1
1 4
2
n
= 2n ( x - 2 x + 1)
x2
x
=
( x 2 - 1)2n
x 2n
Total number of terms that are dependent on x is equal to
number of terms in the expansion of ( x 2 - 1)2n that have
degree of x different from 2 n, which is given by
(2 n + 1) - 1 = 2 n.
28.
x(e -1- x - 2 )
lim f( x ) = lim
- 1- x
x 0
x 0
and
25.
lim f( x ) = lim x
x 0
x 0+
x
[Q [ x ] = 0 and| x| = x for 0 x < 1]
lim f( x ) = lim e x - 2 = 1 - 2 = - 1
x 0
x 0
x 0
1 9 7
(d) [a b c ] 8 2 7 = [0 0 0]
7 3 7
a + 8b + 7c = 0
9a + 2 b + 3 c = 0
7 a + 7 b + 7c = 0
a = 1, b = 6, c = - 7
Clearly, P( a, b, c ) lies on the plane 2 x + y + z = 1
\
7a + b + c = 7 + 6 - 7 = 6
Y
P(x1, y1)
x12 + y12 = 5
or
r= 5
Hence, the equation of circle is
x 2 + y2 = 5
S tan q1 tan q 2 = ( b - a )
tan q1 tan q 2 tan q 3 = b
S tan q1 - P tan q1
tan( q1 + q 2 + q 3 ) =
1 - S tan q1 tan q 2
=
q1 + q 2 + q 3 =
a + 1- b
a + 1- b
=
=1
1 - ( b - a) 1 - b + a
p
4
B = b(c - a )( a + b + c )
C = c( a - b )( a + b + c )
Now,
Ax 2 + Bx + C = 0
( a + b + c ){ a( b - c ) x 2 + b(c - a ) x + c( a - b )} = 0
Given that, roots are equal.
Hence, D = 0
b 2(c - a )2 - 4ac( b - c )( a - b ) = 0
b 2c 2 - 2 ab 2c + b 2a 2 - 4a 2bc
+ 4acb 2 + 4a 2c 2 - 4abc 2 = 0
b c + b a + 4a c + 2 ab 2c - 4a 2bc - 4abc 2 = 0
( bc + ab - 2 ac )2 = 0
bc + ab - 2 ac = 0
26. (a)
(c) A = a( b - c )( a + b + c )
2 2
2 2
2 2
bc + ab = 2 ac
1 1 2
[dividing throughout by abc]
+ =
a c b
29. (c) The equation of the family of planes containing the lines
2 x - y + z - 3 = 0, 3 x + y + z = 5 is
2 x - y + z - 3 + l ( 3 x + y + z - 5) = 0
For l = 1, this reduces to 5 x + 2 z - 8 = 0
So, the plane 5 x + 2 z - 8 = 0 contains the given line.
Also, 2 5 - 1 0 - 5 2 = 0
So, the plane 5 x + 2 z - 8 = 0 is perpendicular to
2 x - y - 5z - 3 = 0
Hence, Statement I is true.
The coordinates of any point on line
x-1 y+ 1 z-1
are ( r + 1, r - 1, r + 1).
=
=
1
1
1
If this point lies on the plane 3 x + y + z = 5.
2
Then, 3r + 3 + r - 1 + r + 1 = 5 r =
5
7 -3 7
Thus, the line meets the plane at ,
, .
5 5 5
So, Statement II is not true.
f( x ) = log( x ) - ( x - 1)
f ( x ) =
1- x
1
- 1=
x
x
log x < x 2 - 1
Similarly, it can be proved that
x-1
< log x
x
x-1
<y
x
[Q y = log x]
[Q log x = y]
33
3
(c) a ,
4
3
3
(d) a ,
4
(b) 1
(c) 2 2010
(d) None
2. If the equation z + a1 z + a2 z + a3 z + a4 = 0,
(a) -2
(b) 0
(c) 1
(d) 2
n =1
(a) 0
(b) n
(c) na
(d) nar
(b) 11
(c) 12
(d) 13
(a) 6 $i - 9 $j - 18 k$
(c) 6 $i + 9 $j - 18 k$
(b) 6 $i - 9 $j + 18 k$
(b) log b 1 - b
2x
(a)
Di = 1
i=1
34
(b)
Di = 0
i=1
(a) 2/3
(b) 7/8
(c) 8/9
(d) 9/10
1 2
1+ x
10. If A =
and f(x) = 1 - x , then f( A) is
2 1
-1 -1
(a)
-1 -1
1 1
(b)
1 1
2 2
(c)
2 2
-2
(d)
-2
-2
-2
x
B = {(x, y); x2 + y2 = 8, x, y R}, then
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
AB=f
A B contains one point only
A B contains two points only
A B contains four points only
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 3
2
x
-x
13. The function f : R R defined by f (x) = e 2 - e 2 , is
ex + e- x
23. If l r (x) means log log log ...x, the log being repeated r
times, then
2
3
r
-1
[x l (x) l (x) l (x).... l (x)] dx is equal to
(a) l r + 1( x ) + c (b)
cos B + cos C - 1
(b) tan -1
sin C + sin B
cos B + cos C - 1
(c) tan -1
sin C - sin B
(b) 6 x - 9 y + 2 = 26 e 3 ( x - 1)
(c) 6 x + 9 y - 2 = 26 e 3 ( x - 1)
(d) 6 x - 9 y - 2 = 26 e 3 ( x - 1)
(d) - 3 2
(b) 2 {| x| - | x - 1|}
0 for x < 0
(d)
4 (2 x - 1) for x > 0
(d) a 2 - 8 ab + b2 = 0
+ x
(a) l = 1.25, k = - 5
(c) l = 2 .5, k = - 5
(b) l = - 1.25, k = 5
(d) l = 2 .5, k = 5
(b) a 2 + 2 ab - b2 = 0
(c) a 2 - 4 ab + b2 = 0
10 1
(a) a 2 - 6 ab + b2 = 0
-7
(b) - 1
19
26. The absolute value of cos x8 dx is
-1
(b) a 2 + b2 = 2
(c) 2 ( a 2 + b2 ) = 1
(a)
(a) a 2 + b2 = 1
r4
(c)
x y
y2
x2
= 1 whose centre C be such that CP is
a2
b2
perpendicular to CQ , a < b. Then, the value of
1
1
is
+
CP2
CQ2
(a)
b2 - a 2
2 ab
(b)
1
a2
(c)
b2
2 ab
b2 - a 2
(d)
1
a2
(d)
(b) 6
(d) 12
b2
an =
n2
, n N is
n3 + 200
49
543
1
(c)
52
(a)
p
greatest integer function, then f 5 is equal to
2
(a) 0
(b)
(a)
is equal
to
(d) None
OMr
r =1
(d) None
sin C - sin B
l r + 1 ( x)
+ c (c) l r ( x ) + c
r +1
(b)
8
89
Answers
1. (b)
11. (c)
21. (d)
2. (c)
12. (a)
22. (c)
3. (c)
13. (d)
23. (a)
4. (b)
14. (a)
24. (b)
5. (b)
15. (c)
25. (c)
6. (c)
16. (a)
26. (a)
7. (b)
17. (a)
27. (b)
8. (c)
18. (c)
28. (b)
9. (c)
19. (c)
29. (c)
10. (a)
20. (b)
30. (a)
35
T
E
G
TAR
E
E
J0 1 6
2
JEE ADVANCED
Questions to Measure Your Problem Solving Skills
Paper I
36
A
B
= x1, sin = x2 ,
2
2
2016
2015
x1
x3
A
B
-
= 0,
cos = x3 and cos = x4 with
2
2
x2
x4
then the length of AC is
n(n - 1) (n - 4)n
The value of nn - (n - 2)n +
to
2!
n
(n + 1) terms = n !(k) , then k is
8.
(b) 1 - 2 a2 = g 2
1 + cos 2 q
(c) a =
2
(d) a2 - b 2 = g 2
11. The
roots
of
equation
x5 - 40x4 + ax3 + bx2 + gx + d = 0 are real and in GP.
If the sum of their reciprocal is 10, then d can be
(a) -32
(b) -
1
32
(c) 32
(d)
1
32
(a) PG = PC
(c) PG = Pg
(b) Pg = PC
(d) Gg = 2 PC
xdx + ydy
=
xdy - ydx
a2 - x2 - y2
is
x2 + y2
x 2 + y 2 = a sin tan-1 + c
x
-1 y
2
2
(b) x + y = a cos tan
+ c
x
x 2 + y 2 = a tan sin-1 +
x
(d) y = x tansin-1
x 2 + y 2
a
3 46
(a) - ,
5 5
(c) ( 6, 4)
Column II.
Column I
+ c
p.
p
4
B.
cosec -1 3 x 2 + + sec -1 3 x 2 + is
4
4
q.
2p
3
C.
p
p
3p
, cot x +
, "x 0,
tan x +
2
12
12
r.
7p
6
s.
x2 y2
=1
8
1
p
6
r =1
(a) f( n) = n2 - 1
(b) f( n) = ( n + 1)2 - 1
10
(c)
10
f(n) = 495
(d)
n=1
f(n) = 374
n=1
is/are
C = A2
are true?
D.
(b) ( B + C ) ( B - C ) = 0
(d) None of these
2
p
(a) f =
3 3
1
p
(c) f =
3 3
3 - 3x2 , then
2
2
p
(b) f = 2 cos -1 3
3 3
1
1
p
(d) f = 2 cos -1 3
3 3
100
100C
K =0
Column II
A.
p.
1
2
B.
q.
12
17
C.
r.
4
5
D.
s.
1
3
(x - 2)100 - K 3K is
also equal to
p
at (2 2 sec q, tan q); q 0, . The value
2
(a)| B - C| = 0
(c) B must be equal to C
Column II
A.
14. If f(n) =
2 44
(b) - ,
5 5
(d) ( 3, 5)
Matching Type
19. Match the statements of Column I with values of
(a)
(c)
37
Paper II
Single Integer Answer Type
1. Let f be a function defined on R (the set of all real
2.
numbers)
such
that
f (x) = 2010 (x - 2009)
(x - 2010)2 (x - 2011)3 (x - 2012)4 for all x R. If g is a
function defined on R with values in the interval
(0, ) such that f(x) = (g(x)) for all x R, then the
number of points in R at which g has local maximum,
is
1
Let f :[0, 1] 0, be a function such that f(x) is a
2
polynomial of 2nd degree, satisfy the following
conditions
1
(a) f(0) = 0 (b) has a maximum value of at x = 1. If A
2
is the area bounded by y = f(x), y = f -1 (x) and the line
2x + 2y - 3 = 0, in Ist quadrant, then value of 24A is
-3
a
sin
2
vector a = (13
, ,sin 2a) makes an obtuse angle with the
Z-axis, then the value of a is
(a) a = ( 4n + 1) p - tan-1 2
(c) a = ( 4n + 1) p + tan 2
6.
38
(x - 4)2 (y - 3)2
ellipse
+
= 1 about the line
16
9
2
2
x - y - z = 0 is 16x + 9y + ax - 36y + b = 0, then
unit digit of (a + b) is
n
n
C
If lim r r = e - x, then x is
n
(
+ 3)
n
r
r =0
-1
(b) a = ( 4n + 2 ) p - tan-1 2
(d) a = ( 4n + 2 ) p + tan-1 2
tan2 x
, if x > 0
2
2
(x - [ x] )
f(x) =
1
, if x =0
1
{x} cot {x} , if x < 0
(c) cot
(b) lim
2
lim - f( x ) = 1
x 0
x 0-
f( x ) = cot 1
(d) f is continuous at x = 0
5
3
(c) tan f = 2
2
14
1
(d) cos q cos f =
14
(b) sin q sin f =
log 4
0
[ f(x) - cx] dx =
39
, then
2
(a) a = 5
(b) b = - 6
(c) c = 2
(d) a = 3
(a) a - 2 b = 0
(b) b ( 3, )
(c) one root is 2
(d) one root is greater than 1 and other root is less than 1
p
(b) , - p
2
-p
(c)
,
2
-p
(d)
, 2
2x
xe
2x
1 + e2 x
dx = f(x) 1+ e
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(c) g ( x ) =
1
- log g(x) + c, then
2
O a
Y
1+ e
1+ e
(d) 4
(a) f( x ) = x - 1
(b) g ( x ) =
(c) 3
Passage II
(b) 1
(b)
(c) -1
16. If
(a) 2
1
2
(d) 2
(a) -4
x 0
x 3
(iv) f (x) > 0, "x (-, - 2) (3, ) and f (x) 0, "x (-2, 3)
(v) f (x) > 0, "x (-, - 2) (-2, 0)
and f (x) < 0, "x (0, 3) (3, )
2x
2x
-1
(a) 4
+1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 5
2 + e 2x - 2 1 + e 2x
take is
e2x
(a) 5
(c) 3
(d) f( x ) = x
(b) 2
(d) 7
Answers
Paper I
1. (7)
2. (4)
3. (4)
11. (a,c)
12. (a,b,c,d) 13. (a,d)
19. A q, B s, C q, r, s, D p
4. (4)
5. (5)
6. (2)
14. (b,c)
15. (a,b,c)
16. (a,d)
20. A s, B r, C p, D q
7. (1)
17. (a,d)
8. (2)
18. (b, c)
9. (a,b,c)
10. (a,b,c)
Paper II
1. (1)
11. (b,c)
2. (5)
12. (a,b)
3. (7)
13. (b,d)
4. (1)
14. (b,c)
5. (2)
15. (a,b)
6. (2)
16. (a,b,c)
7. (3)
17. (c)
8. (9)
18. (d)
9. (a,b)
19. (c)
10. (c)
20. (a)
39
Limits
Limit of a Function
i.e.
x0
lim f(x) = l1
x a+
X
l1
x x0
or simbolically,
a x=a+h
To evaluate lim f( x )
x a+
x a+
h 0
d
x0
Caution
Normally students have the perception that limit should be a
finite number. But it is not really, so it is quite possible that f(x)
has infinite limit as x a. If lim f(x) = , it would simply
x a
mean that function has tendency to assume a very large
1
positive values in the neighbourhood of x = a . e.g. lim
=
x 0 |x|
l2
ah a
x a
xa
Existence of Limit
Limit of a function f(x) exists, if lim - f(x) and lim+ f(x) exist
x a
x a
and both are equal.
Thus, lim f(x) exists lim- f(x) = lim+ f(x)
x a
x a
x a
53
Indeterminate Forms
x+1
-1 0
x-1
0
0
(i) 1 =
0=
=
=
2 1 / 1 0
1/ 0
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
L HOSPITALS RULE
REMEMBER
n
(b)
x a
x a
x a
x a
f (x )
0
has an indeterminancy at x = 0 of the type
or
If
g (x )
0
f (x )
f (x )
, where f is called the derivative of f.
lim
= lim
x a g (x )
x a g (x )
f ( x )
0
too has an indeterminancy at x = a of the type or
If
g (x )
0
f (x )
f (x )
lim
= lim
x a g (x )
x a g ( x )
This can be done continued till we find a determinate result.
, then
, then
following cases
x a
x a
Algebra of Limits
Let lim f(x) = l and lim g(x) = m. If l and m exist, then
x a
Evaluation of Limits
(i)
x a
x a
x a
x a
x a
If by substituting x = a,
lim f(x)
f
l
(iii) lim (x) = x a
= , provided m 0
x a g
lim g(x) m
x a
x a
x a
(vi) lim(f(x))
x a
g( x )
lim g( x )
= lim f(x)x a
x a
= lm
x a
continuous at g (x) = m .
In particular,
(a) lim log f(x) = log(lim f(x)) = log l
x a
x a
lim f ( x )
(b) lim ef ( x ) = ex a
x a
54
= el
0
Form
0
f(x)
0
reduces to the form . Then, we first
g(x)
0
factorise the f(x) and g(x), then cancel out the common factor to
evaluate the limit.
(b) Rationalisation Method
Rationalisation is followed when we have fractional powers (like
1/2, 1/3 etc) on expression in numerator or denominator or in
both. After rationalisation the terms are factorised which on
cancellation gives the result.
(c) Based on Standard Formula
x n - an
To evaluate the limit of the type lim
we use following
x a x - a
formulas
x n - an
lim
= nan -1 , where n is a rational number
x a x - a
x m - am m m- n
lim n
= a , where m and n are rational numbers
x a x - an
n
Y
1
X
f(x)=a x
When a=1
f(x)=a x
When a>1
(i) lim
x a
(iii) lim
x a
sin f(x)
tan f(x)
= lim
=1
x a
f(x)
f(x)
sin-1 f(x)
tan-1 f(x)
= lim
=1
x
a
f(x)
f(x)
Note This type of problem are solved by taking the highest power of
the terms tending to infinity as common numerator and
denominator. That is after they are cancelled and the rest
output is the result or (apply L Hospitals rule).
form.
log(1 + x) = x -
x2 x3
+
+ ... , where -1 x 1
2
3
x2 x3
+
+ ...
2! 3!
x a
x a
lim
f( x )
lim{1 + f(x)}1 / g( x ) = ex a g( x )
x a
x a
Then, lim{f(x)}
g( x )
x a
lim [ f ( x ) - 1 ]g( x )
REMEMBER
(i) lim(1 + x)1 / x = e
x 0
1
(ii) lim 1 + = e
x
x
1/ x
l
(iv) lim 1 +
x
x
= el
x a
g( x )
lim g( x ) log e f ( x )
lim[f(x)]g( x ) = ex a
x a
55
(ii) lim ( 1 + x ) 1/ x = e
x 0
(1 + x ) n - 1
=n
x
ln ( 1 + x )
(v) lim
=1
x 0
x
(iii) lim
x 0
y=h(x)
ex - 1
=1
x 0
x
sin-1 x
tan-1 x
(vi) lim
= 1 = lim
x 0
x 0
x
x
sin x
tan x
(vii) lim
= lim
= lim cos x = 1 (where, x is in radians)
x 0 x
x 0 x
x 0
x
ax - 1
1
(viii) lim 1 + = e
(ix) lim
= ln (a ), a R +
x
x 0
x
x
x m - am m m - n
log ( 1 + x )
(x) lim n
(xi) lim a
= loga e, a > 0, 1
= a
x a x - an
x 0
x
n
(iv) lim
sinf ( x )
tanf ( x )
= lim
= lim cos f ( x ) = 1
x a f (x )
x a
f (x )
-1
-1
sin f ( x )
tan f ( x )
(xiii) lim
= lim
=1
x a
x a
f (x )
f (x )
bf ( x ) - 1
(xiv) lim
= In b ( b > 0 ) (xv) lim ( 1 + f ( x )) 1/ f ( x ) = e
x a
x a
f (x )
y=g(x)
y=f(x)
O
sin x = x -
x3
x5 x7
+
+K
3! 5! 7!
cos x = 1 -
x2
x4 x6
+
+K
2! 4! 6!
tan x = x +
y( x )
r
1
f n =
x n
r = f( x )
(i) S is replaced by
(iii)
(ii)
x2
+ K , a R+
2!
n(n - 1) 2 n(n - 1)(n - 2) 3
(1 + x)n = 1 + nx +
x +
x
2!
3!
a f(x)dx,
+ K, n R.| x| < 1
x2
x3
ln (1 + x) = x +
- K , -1 < x 1
2
3
r
is replaced by x
n
y(x)
n
f(x)
n
y( x )
f( x ) f(t)dt
dx
dx
56
x a
x a
x2
x3
+
+K
2! 3!
1
is replaced by dx
n
and b = lim
x3 2x5
+
+K
15
3
ex = 1 + x +
Series Expansion
(xii) lim
x a
VITEEE 2016
VIT University will conduct VIT Engineering Entrance Exam
(VITEEE) 2016 for granting admissions to various
undergraduate engineering programmes. Admissions to its
two campuses, Chennai and Vellore, will be purely on the
basis of the marks secured in the VITEEE 2016.
x 1
y0
y3
as (x, y) (1, 0) along the
x 3 - y2 - 1
6.
lim
x a
(a) 2
(c) 4
7.
x2 + 1
If lim
- ax - b = 0, then find the values of a
x x + 1
and b.
4.
(b) 1, 1
(d) None of these
1 n + 2 (n - 1) + 3 (n - 2) + K + n 1
The value of lim
n
12 + 22 + K + n2
is
5.
lim
x 0
9.
n
n
n
+ 2
+ K+ 2
+ 12
n + 22
n + n2
p
2
(b)
is equal to
p
3
(c)
p
4
is equal to
(d)
p
6
x b
(a 0) (where, [.] denotes the
a x
greatest integer function) is equal to
The value of the lim
x 0
(b) b
x2
10. lim 0
x 0
(b) - 1
1
(d)
2
(c) 0
(a) a
x tan 2 x - 2 x tan x
is
(1 - cos 2 x)2
(a) 1
lim
(b) e -1
(d) e -2
n n2
(a)
(b) - 1
1
(d)
2
(a) 1
1
(c)
2
log
p
The value of lim tan + log x
x 1
4
(a) e
(c) e 2
8.
(a) 1, - 1
(c) - 1, 1
(b) 3
(d) None of these
1
(b) cos 3 a
(d) cot a
(a) - sin a
(c) sin3 a
3.
non-zero number is
cos x - cos a
is
cot x - cot a
xn
x 0
(b) - 1
(d) does not exist
(a) 1
(c) 0
x3
2 is a finite
line y = x - 1 is
2.
cos t 2 dt
x sin x
(a) 1
(c)
b
a
(d) 1 -
b
a
is equal to
(b) 2
(c) - 1
(d) 0
Continuity
A continuous function is a function whose graph can be
drawn without lifting the pen from the paper. Graphically, it
could be stated as shown in figure (i).
When the function f(x) is continuous at a point x = a, we mean
that at point (a, f(a)) the graph of the function has no hole or
gaps. Here, lim f(x) = 2 and f(1) = 2
x 1
f(x)
f(x)
x a
Caution
x=1
lim f( x ) = 2
x 1
(ii)
x a
(1)
x=1
Continuity of a Function
A function f(x) is said to be continuous at x = a, if
lim- f(x) = lim+ f(x) = f(a).
x 1
(i)
57
Discontinuity of a Function
Continuity in Interval
(i) Continuity in an Open Interval
A function f(x) is said to be continuous in an open
interval (a, b), if it is continuous at each point of (a, b).
(ii) Continuity in a Closed Interval
A function f(x) is said to be continuous in a closed
interval [a, b], if
(a) f(x) is continuous from right at x = a,
i.e. lim+ f(x) = f(a).
x a
f(x)
l1
x a
l2
x b
In case one has to lift his pen when moving through the graph
of a function, is said to have a break or discontinuous at x = a.
Different types of situation, which may come up at x = a along
the graph, can be shown below.
Y
x=a
x a+
equal to f(a).
Y
f(x)
f(a)
X
O
x=a
Continuous at x=a
X
O
x=a
Discontinuous at x=a
X
x=a
X
O
x=a
Discontinuous at x=a
Types of Discontinuity
X
O
x=a
Discontinuous at x=a
X
O
x=a
Discontinuous at x=a
58
x=a
Discontinuous at x=a
0, if x I
e.g. Let f(x) = [x] + [- x] f(x) =
-1, if x I
Theorems on Continuity
(i) Sum, difference, product and quotient of two
continuous functions are always continuous function.
f(x)
is continuous at x = a only if g(a) 0
However, h(x) =
g(x)
-4 -3 -2 -1 O
-1
MATHS MAXIMA
1
n
-2 -1
1
2
Y
-2p -3p/2 -p -p/2
0 p/2
p 3p/2 2p
X
f(a)
f(b)
p 3p
Here, the function is not defined at points ,
and
2
2
near these points, the function becomes both arbitrarily
large and small. Since, the function is not defined at
these points, it cannot be continuous.
(c) Oscillatory (limit oscillate between two finite
p
1
quantities) f(x) = sin . When x 0, and
x
x
sin( ) can take any value between -1 to 1 or we can
say when x 0, f(x) oscillates between -1 and 1 as
shown in figure.
Y
p
y=sin x
1
X
1
1
1
Y
c
f(a)
b
O
x=a x0 x=b
x1 O
f(b)
(i)
x3 a
x2
(ii)
Y
Y
f(b)
f(b)
c
a
f(a)
O
X
O
a
(iii)
f(a)
(iv)
From fig. (iii) and fig. (iv), it is clear that continuity in interval
[a, b] is essential for the validity of this theorem.
59
(a) a - b
12.
(b) a + b
(c) ln a - ln b
1
2
-1 , x 2
is continuous from right
f(x) = {x + e2 - x }
, x =2
(d) ln a + ln b
at x = 2 , then K is equal to
(a) 0
(c)
17.
x2 cos e1 / x , when x 0.
Then, f(x) is
Let f(x) =
1
, when x = 0.
(a) discontinuous at x = 0
(b) continuous but not differentiable at x = 0
(c) differentiable at x = 0
(d) lim f( x ) exist
a2 - ax + x2 a+ x -
18.
19.
a2 + ax + x2
15.
(b) a1/ 2
(c) - a1/ 2
(b) 5
(c) 6
x m sin 1 , x 0
If f(x) =
is continuous at x = 0, then
x
, x =0
0
(b) m ( - , 0)
(d) m ( - , 1)
If f(x) =
(b) {-1, 1}
(d) None of these
loge (1 + x2 tan x)
, x 0 is to be continuous at
sin x3
(a) 1
1
(c)
2
(d) - a 3/ 2
1
2
a- x
1
4
(a) {0}
(c) { -1, 0, 1}
(b) -
(a) m ( 0, )
(c) m (1, )
x 0
14.
1
Give f(0) = 0 and f(x) =
for x 0. Then, only
(1 - e-1 / x )
(a) continuous at x = 0
(b) not continuous at x = 0
(c) both continuous and differentiable at x = 0
(d) not defined at x = 0
13.
16.
(d) 7
20.
(b) 0
(d) - 1
2
(b) differentiable
(d) None of these
Differentiability
f(x) - f(c)
f(c + h) - f(c)
is called the right
= lim
h0
(x - c)
h
hand derivative of f(x) at x = c and is denoted by f (c + ) or
Rf (c).
While lim+
60
x c
Differentiability in a Set
(i) A function f(x) defined on an open interval (a, b) is said to
be differentiable or derivable in open interval (a, b), if it
is differentiable at each point of (a, b).
(ii) A function f(x) defined on [a, b] is said to be differentiable
or derivable at the end points a and b, if it is differentiable
from the right at a and from the left at b. In other words,
lim
x a+
f(x) - f(a)
f(x) - f(b)
and lim both exist.
x b
x-a
x-b
X
O
a
Continuous and differentiable
Y
O
a
Neither continuous
differentiable
X
nor
f(x)=|x|
Theorems on Differentiability
O
Differentiable Continuous
Continuous May or may not be differentiable
Not continuous Not differentiable
MATHES MAXIMA
If f ( x ) is a function such that RHD = f (a + ) = l and LHD = f (a - ) = m.
61
x p cos 1 , x 0
If f(x) =
is differentiable at x = 0,
x
x =0
0,
then
(a) p < 0
22.
(b) a = 1, b = 2
(d) a = 4, b = 5
25.
29.
x + 1), then
30.
If f(x) = x ( x +
26.
28.
p 3p
If f(x) = |x| + |sin x|, x - ,
, then f is
2 2
(d) p > 1
24.
27.
23.
(c) p = 1
(b) R - {1}
(d) R - { 0}
(a) R
(c) R - { - 1}
If
f(x) = |x| - 1,
then
points, where
f(x) is
not
differentiable, is/are
(a) 0, 1
31.
(b) 1
(c) 0
(d) 1
Differentiation
The rate of change of quantity y with respect to another
quantity x is called derivative or differential coefficient of y
dy
with respect to x and is denoted by
.
dx
62
d / dx {f ( x ) g ( x ) h ( x )} = f ( x ) g ( x ) h ( x )
+ f (x ) g (x ) h (x ) + f (x ) g (x ) h (x )
(fg ) h + ( gh ) f + ( hf ) g
=
2
d
d
g(x) [f(x)] - f(x) [g(x)]
d f(x)
dx
dx
(iii) Quotient rule
=
dx g(x)
[g(x)]2
dy dy du
(iv) Chain rule If y = h(u) and u = f(x), then
=
dx du dx
This rule can be extended as follows
dy dy du dv
If y = u(x), u = v(x), v = f(x) then
=
dx du dv dx
Note If at all points of a certain interval, f ( x ) = 0, then the function
f( x ) preserves a constant value within this interval. This
function is said to be constant function.
f
dy
Logarithmic Differentiation
S.No.
Function
Substitution
1.
a - x
x = a sin q or acos q
2.
a2 + x2
x = a tan q or acot q
3.
x2 - a2
x = a sec q or a cosec q
4.
a + x and a - x
x = a cos2 q
5.
6.
7.
a sin x + b cos x
x - a and b - x
2 ax - x
If y = {f ( x )}h ( x ) , then
a = r cos a, b = r sin a
2
x = asin q + b cos q
dy
= h ( x ){f ( x )}h ( x ) - 1 f ( x ) + {f ( x )}h ( x ) log f ( x ) h ( x )
dx
x = a(1 - cos q)
REMEMBER
dy
y 2f ( x )
=
dx f ( x ){1 - y logf ( x )}
dy f ( x )
1
=
= 2f ( x ), then
dx g (y ) 1 + {f ( x )}2
(i) If y = f ( x ) {f ( x )} K , then
(ii) If e g (y ) - e - g (y )
63
1 - g (x )
1 + g (x )
dy
g (x )
, then
=
1 + g (x )
1 - g (x )
dx [ 1 - g ( x )] 2
dy
f (x )
(iv) y = f ( x ) + f ( x ) + f ( x ) + K , then
=
dx 2y - 1
dy
f ( x )log( x )
(v) If {f ( x )}g (y ) = ef ( x ) - g (y ) , then
=
dx g (y ) {1 + logf ( x )}2
(iii) If y =
dx f ( x ) g (y ) g (y )logf ( x ) - f ( x )
Differentiation of Determinant
To differentiate a determinant, we differentiate one row
(or column) at a time, keeping others unchanged.
f(x) g(x)
e.g. If D(x) =
, then
u(x) v(x)
f (x) g(x)
f(x) g(x)
d
[D(x)] =
+
u(x) v(x)
u(x) v (x)
dx
Note Similar results hold for the differentiation of determinants of
higher order.
dy
is equal to
dx
y ( x log y - y)
x (log y - y)
If x y = y x ,
y ( x log y + y)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) None
x ( y log x - x )
y (log x + x )
x ( y log x - x )
33.
If y =
1
x2 + a2 +
x2 + b2
dy
is equal to
dx
x
1
1
+
2
2
2
2
2
a -b x + a
x + b
1
1
1
(b) 2
2
2
a - b 2 x2 + a2
x + b
x
1
1
(c) 2
2
a - b x2 + a2
x 2 + b 2
1
1
(d) 2
2
2
2
2
2
a -b x + a + x + b
(a)
34.
If y = ax
36.
y2
log y
(b) 7/8
x
x ...
(c) 1
y
log y
(c) y 2 log y
64
at x =
38.
p
is equal to
2
8
p2 + 4
39.
(c) -
(b) 0
(b) - 1
dy
is
dx
(d) y log y
(b) - 1
(c) x
dy
is
dx
(d)
42.
If y = (1 + x 4 ) (1 + x 2 ) (1 - x 4 ), then
(a) 1
41.
(d) 2
If f(x) =|x -1| and g(x) = f(f(f(x))), then for x > 2, g (x) is
equal to
(d) 1
dy
at x = 1 is
dx
(c) 1
40.
dy
2x
, then
dx
1 + x2
8
p2 + 4
2 x + 3
dy
If f(x) = sin (log x) and y = f
is equal to
, then
dx
3 - 2x
2 x + 3
1
(a)
cos log
2
9 - 4x
3 - 2 x
2 x + 3
12
(b)
cos x log
9 - 4 x2
3 - 2 x
3 - 2 x
12
(c)
cos log
2
9 - 4x
2 x + 3
2 x + 3
12
cos log
2
9 + 4x
3 - 2 x
(a)
dy
1
If 5 f(x) + 3 f = x + 2 and y = xf(x), then
at x = 1 is
x
dx
equal to
(a)
37.
(a) 14
35.
(d)
(1 + x)a1 b2
(1 + x)a2 b2
(1 + x)a3 b2
(b) 1
(d) 3
(1 + x)a1 b3
(1 + x)a2 b3 is
(1 + x)a3 b3
dny
d dn - 1 y
=
for any n N.
n
dx dx n - 1
dx
REMEMBER
np
dn
[sin(ax + b )] = a n sin + ax + b
2
dx n
n
dn
p
n
(ii) n [cos(ax + b )] = a cos + ax + b
2
dx
m!
dn
m
n
m -n
(iii) n (ax + b ) =
a (ax + b )
( m - n )!
dx
(i)
( -1) n - 1 ( n - 1)a n
dn
ax
b
[log(
+
)]
=
dx n
(ax + b ) n
n
d
(v)
(a)
[e ax sin( bx + c )] = r n e ax sin( bx + c + nf)
dx n
(iv)
(b)
d2 y
d dy
d y(t )
=
=
dx dx dx f(t )
dx2
d
dt
y(t ) dt
f(t ) dx
d2 y
d
=
dt
dx2
y(t ) dt
f(t ) dx
d n ax
[e cos(bx + c )] = r n e ax cos(bx + c + nf )
dx n
where,
r = a2 + b2
b
and
f = tan -1
a
d
u(x) [k th derivative of the function u(x)],
dx k
dk
v(x), 1 k n
1 k n and v k (x) =
dx k
where, uk (x) =
dn
np d n
np
(sin x) = sin x +
(cos x) = cos x +
,
2 dx n
2
dx
dn
(emx ) = mn emx
dx n
65
(a) e x
44.
48.
(a) (0, 1)
(c) ( - 1, 0)
(c) e - mx
d3 y
dx3
49.
equals to
(a) 24a 2 ( at + b )
(c) 24a ( at + b )2
45.
(a) 1
46.
(b) 2
(c) 2
n-1
50.
(d) 0
d y
dy
1
is
If x = tan log y , then (1 + x2 ) 2 - (a - 2 x)
a
dx
dx
equal to
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 2 x
2
x
3 d y
If y = x log
is equal to
, then x
dx2
a + bx
dy
(a) x
- y
dx
dy
(c) - y
dx
(b)
51.
(b) 2
(d) None of these
a2 x
( a + bx )2
dy
(d) x
+ y
dx
(b) [0, 2]
(d) ( - 2, 0)
(a) 0
47.
(b) 24a ( ax + b )2
(d) 24a 2 ( ax + b )
Answers
1. (c)
2. (c)
3. (a)
4. (d)
5. (d)
6. (c)
7. (c)
8. (c)
9. (c)
10. (a)
11. (b)
12. (b)
13. (a)
14. (c)
15. (c)
16. (c)
17. (a)
18. (c)
19. (a)
20. (a)
21. (d)
22. (a)
23. (d)
24. (a)
25. (a)
26. (b)
27. (a)
28. (c)
29. (c)
30. (a)
31. (c)
32. (a)
33. (c)
34. (b)
35. (c)
36. (b)
37. (c)
38. (b)
39. (c)
40. (b)
41. (a)
42. (a)
43. (a)
44. (d)
45. (d)
46. (a)
47. (d)
48. (a)
49. (a)
50. (b)
51. (c)
66
Formula at a Glance
(ii) When lim f( x ) = 1 and lim g ( x ) =
xa
xa
xa
xa
Then, lim{ f( x )}
xa
g(x )
xa
= lim [1 + f( x ) - 1]g ( x )
xa
xa
lim [ f( x ) - 1]g ( x )
= e x a
xa
lim f( x )
l
f
(iii) lim ( x ) = x a
= , provided m 0
x a g
lim g ( x ) m
xa
(vi) lim( f( x ))
xa
= lim f( x )
lim g ( x )
=l
x a
xa
xa
g ( x) = m
In particular,
(a) lim log f( x ) = log( lim f( x )) = log l
xa
(b) lim e
xa
f( x )
xa
=e
lim f( x )
x a
= el
x a f( x )
xa
= 0.
xa
2. L Hospitals Rule
f( x )
0
has an indeterminancy at x = 0 of the type or
g ( x)
0
f( x )
f ( x)
, then lim
, where f is called the
= lim
x a g ( x)
x a g ( x)
derivative of f.
f ( x )
0
too has an indeterminancy at x = a of the type
(ii) If
g ( x )
0
f ( x )
f ( x )
or , then lim
= lim
x a g ( x)
x a g ( x )
(i) If
3.
4.
lim a x = 1,
a=1
x
0, 0 a < 1
lim
5.
xa
lim
f( x )
xa
7.
xa
g(x )
lim g ( x )loge f( x )
lim[f( x )]g ( x ) = e x a
xa
xa
g( x )
xa
is
in
1
(viii) lim 1 + = e
x
x
ax - 1
= ln ( a ), a R +
x0
x
xm - am m m - n
(x) lim n
= a
x a x - an
n
(ix) lim
(xi) lim
x0
log a(1 + x )
= log a e, a > 0, 1
x
(xii) lim
xa
sin f( x )
tan f( x )
= lim
= lim cos f( x ) = 1
x a f( x )
xa
f( x )
(xiii) lim
sin-1 f( x )
tan-1 f( x )
= lim
=1
xa
f( x )
f( x )
(xiv) lim
b f( x ) - 1
= In b ( b > 0)
f( x )
xa
xa
8. If
xa
f( x ) g ( x ) h( x )
and
lim f( x ) = lim h( x ) = l,
x a
x a
then
lim g ( x ) = l.
x a
x5
x7
+K
5! 7 !
4
6
x
x
+K
4!
6!
lim{1 + f( x )}1/ g ( x ) = e x a g ( x )
xa
67
x3 2 x5
+
+K
3
15
x2
x3
(iv) e x = 1 + x +
+
+K
2!
3!
x2
(v) a x = 1 + (ln a ) x + (ln a )2
+ K, a R +
2!
n( n - 1) 2 n( n - 1)( n - 2 ) 3
(vi) (1 + x )n = 1 + nx +
x +
x
2!
3!
+ K, n R.| x| < 1
x2
x3
(vii) ln (1 + x ) = x +
- K, - 1 < x 1
2
3
(iii) tan x = x +
10.
13.
Types of functions
Curve
Identity function
f( x ) = x
Exponential function
f( x ) = a , a > 0, a 1
Domain = R, Range =] 0, [
Logarithmic function
Domain = ( 0, ), Range = R
Root function
f( x ) =
f( x ) = [ x ]
Domain = R, Range = l
f( x ) = ( x )
Domain = R, Range = l
f( x ) = { x} = x - [ x ]
Signum function
| x|
f( x ) =
x
-1, x < 0
= 0, x = 0
1, x > 0
Constant function
f( x ) = c
Domain = R,
Range = {c}, where c constant
Polynomial function
Domain = R
f( x ) = a0 x n + a1 x n - 1
+ a2 x n - 2 + K + an
14.
68
dx du dx
15.
(ii) If e g ( y ) - e - g ( y ) = 2 f( x ), then
1
dy
f ( x)
=
dx g ( y) 1 + { f( x )} 2
d
1
(log x ) = , if f( x ) is a differentiable function then
dx
x
d
1
[log f( x )] =
f ( x ).
dx
f( x )
d
(iv) ( a x ) = a x log a .
dx
d
d
In particular, (e x ) = e x and (e f( x ) ) = e f( x )f ( x ).
dx
dx
1
d
d
for -1 < x < 1.
(v) (sin-1 x ) = - (cos -1 x ) =
dx
dx
1 - x2
(iii)
(vi) y =
f( x ) +
order. Then,
Function
1.
a2 - x2
x = a sin q or acos q
2.
a2 + x2
x = a tan q oracot q
3.
x2 - a2
x = a sec q or a cosec q
a + x and a - x
a sin x + b cos x
+ nC ku n - k ( x )v k ( x ) + K + nC nu( x )v n( x )
Substitution
23.
x = a cos2 q
a = r cos a, b = r sin a
2
6.
x - a and b - x
x = asin q + b cos q
7.
2 ax - x 2
x = a (1 - cos q)
f
dy
= - x
f
dx
y
dy g (t )
=
dx
f (t )
du
f ( x)
=
dv
g ( x)
f( x ){ f( x )} K ,
dy
y 2f ( x )
then
=
dx f( x ){1 - y log f( x )}
dk
u( x ) [kth derivative of the function u( x )],
dx k
(i)
dn m
m! x m - n
dn
, if n m and n ( x m ) = 0, if n > m .
(x ) =
n
( m - n)!
dx
dx
(ii)
dn
np
(sin x ) = sin x +
,
2
dx n
(iii)
dn
np
(cos x ) = cos x +
2
dx n
(iv)
d n mx
(e ) = mn e mx
dx n
(v)
dn
np
[sin( ax + b )] = a n sin
+ ax + b
2
dx n
(vi)
dn
np
[cos( ax + b )] = a n cos
+ ax + b
2
dx n
(vii)
dn
m!
( ax + b )m =
a n( ax + b )m - n
( m - n)!
dx n
(viii)
( -1)n - 1( n - 1)a n
dn
[log(
ax
+
b
)]
=
dx n
( ax + b )n
21.
dy
f ( x )log( x )
=
dx g ( y) {1 + log f( x )} 2
4.
dy
f ( x)
=
dx 2 y - 1
dy g ( y) f ( x ) f( x )log g ( y) - g ( y)
=
dx
f( x ) g ( y) g ( y)log f( x ) - f( x )
for| x| > 1.
5.
f( x ) + K , then
S. No.
f( x ) +
(v) If { f( x )} g ( y ) = e f( x ) - g ( y ), then
not
1
d
d
(sec -1 x ) = - (cosec -1 x ) =
dx
dx
| x| x 2 - 1
1 + g ( x)
1 - g ( x)
dy
g ( x)
, then
=
dx [1 - g ( x )]2 1 + g ( x )
1 - g ( x)
(iii) If y =
(ix) (a)
(b)
d n ax
[e sin( bx + c )] = r ne ax sin( bx + c + nf)
dx n
d n ax
[e cos( bx + c )] = r ne ax cos( bx + c + nf)
dx n
a2 + b 2
where,
r=
and
b
f = tan-1
a
69
Sol.
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
n( A ) = 10
\ Number of reflexive relation
= 2n
- n
= 2 (10)
- 10
= 2 100 - 10 = 2 90
(b) 3
(c) 16
n( B) = 6,
(a) 5 25
(c) 510
then
(d) 20
Sol.
.
2
(b) 24
(c) 2 24
(d) None
relations from A to A is 2
Sol.
(c) 2 90
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
n( A ) = 10
(a) 2 100
(b) (10)100
(d) 55
(a) 50
(c) (100)100
84
(c) Given, A = { 3, 5, 7, 9}
n2 - n
(b) 25 5
(d) None of these
(d) None
Q 3 x - 5 25
x 10
Sol.
(b) 125
(c) Given,
(c) 625
(d) 256
n( A ) = 4,
n( B) = 5
Total number of functions = ( 5)4 = 625
n < m
0,
(b) 240
(c) 720
(d) 7776
(c) 36
(d) 24
n( X ) = 4
6!
= 6 ! = 720
1!
(a) 2 p
Sol.
(c)
p
4
(d)
p
6
= 1
LCM of {T1 , T2 }, if f1( x )and f2 ( x )
2
n!
n=m
=
0,
n >m
(b) p
T
, where a, b, k R and a, k 0
| a|
(b) 30
Y = { a, b, c, d , e, f}
n( X ) = 5,
n( Y ) = 6
n( Y ) > n( X )
x
Example The period of f ( x) = tan 3 x + sin is
3
(a) 2 p
Sol.
(b) 2 p
2
(c) p
3
(d) 6p
85
(b) 2 p
p
(c)
2
Sol.
(d) None
(b) 2 p
p
(d)
2
(c) 3p
p
2
(d)
p
4
(c)
Sol.
(b) 2 p
p
4
(b)
p
2
(c)
p
3
(d) p
Sol.
3
sin 2cos -1 - sin 2q
5
4 3
24
2 - 5 5
5
0 0 1 z 0
z 0
x = 1, y = - 1, z = 0 ( Q Equality of matrix)
x + y + z 1 + ( - 1) + 0 0
5. f ( x) = [ x], - 4 < x < 4
f ( x) would be discontinuous at every integral
point in the given interval.
So, f ( x) is discontinuous at seven point.
1
6. Consider f ( x) = x f ( x) =
2 x
Let
x = 0.0036 and Dx = 0.0001
Now, f ( x + Dx) @ f ( x) + Dx f ( x)
1
Dx
x + Dx @ x + Dx
2 x
0.0001
0.0036 + 0.0001 = 0.0036 +
2 0.0036
0.0037 @ 0.06083
7. Since, R is reflexive symmetric and transitive.
Hence, R is an equivalence relation.
8. By LHS sin [cot -1 {cos (tan -1 x)}]
86
x2
= sin sin -1
x2
cos -1
+ 1
=
+ 2
x + 1
1
x2 + 1
x2 + 2
or
a
a
= q cos q =
b
b
p q
p q
By LHS tan + + tan -
4 2
4 2
p
q
p
q
tan + tan
tan - tan
4
2 +
4
2
=
p
q
p
q
1 - tan tan
1 + tan tan
4
2
4
2
2
2
2b
=
=
=
= RHS
cos q
a/ b
a
Let
cos -1
a + b=p - g
cos ( a + b) = cos (p - g )
cos a cos b - sin a sin b = - cos g
x y - 1 - cos 2 a 1 - cos 2 b = - z
xy - 1 - x2 1 - y 2 = - z
x2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2 xyz = 1
or Let x = sin q q = sin -1 x
p
then
sin -1 ( 1 - sin q) - 2q =
2
p
sin -1 ( 1 - sin q) = + 2q
2
p
1 - sin q = sin -1 + 2q
2
- a+ b - a+c
3b
c-b
a-c b -c
3c
Applying operation C1 (C1 + C 2 + C 3 )
a+ b +c - a+ b - a+c
= a+ b +c
- 3b
c-b
a+ b +c b -c
3c
3a
10. Let D = a - b
1 1 1 z 200
5 x + 4y + 3z =
4 x + 3y + 5z =
5 4
(ii) Let A = 4 3
1 1
11000
10700, x + y + z = 2700
3
5 = - 3 0
1
x 1-
x 1+
h0
h0
1
sin -1 t
,
a2
-1
, y = acos
y=
1
cos -1 t
a2
16. Given,
-1
dy
y
=dx
x
y = (tan -1 x)2
(i)
y1 = 2 tan -1 x
1 + x2
( 1 + x2 )y1 = 2 tan -1 x
On squaring both sides, we get
( 1 + x2 )2 y12 = 4(tan -1 x)2
Again differentiating both sides, we get
( 1 + x2 )2 y 2 + 2 x( 1 + x2 )y1 = 2
= xcos x
- (log x)sin x
dx
x
dx
1
5
217
and y =
\ 2x - 2 = - x =
3
6
36
So, the point on the given curve at which
tangent is perpendicular to given line is
5 217
,
and equation of the tangent is
6 36
12 x + 36y - 227 = 0
20. Given, function f : R+ [ - 5, )
defined by f ( x) = 9 x2 + 6 x - 5
Let y be any arbitrary element of ( - 5, )
y+6-1
y = 9 x2 + 6 x - 5 x =
3
Therefore, f is onto and range of f = [ - 5, )
let us define g : ( - 5, ) R
y+6-1
such that g ( y ) =
3
Now, ( gof )( x) = g ( f ( x)) = g ( 9 x2 + 6 x - 5)
y + 6 - 1
=y
and ( fog )( y ) = f ( g ( y )) = f
3 - 2 4
z
2
then, the given system in matrix form is AX = B
Simplify the matrix equation and use
1 1 0 0
1 -1 2 -2 0
0 2 -3 9 2 -3 = 0 1 0
3 -2 4 6 1 -2 0 0 1
we get x = 0, y = 5, z = 3
1
1
1
22. Putting = u, = v and = w
x
y
z
2u + 3v + 10w = 4, 4u - 6v + 5w = 1
6u + 9v - 20w = 2
Simplify and then x = 2, y = 3, z = 6
23. Let the first, second and third numbers be x, y,
z respectively. Then, according to question,
(i)
x+ y + z = 6
(ii)
x + 2z = 7
(iii)
3 x + y + z = 12
1 1 1
x
6
Let A = 1 0 2, X = y and B = 7
3 1 1
z
12
Then, the given system in matrix form is AX = B
Now simplify and then x = 3, y = 1, z = 2
24. We have, f ( x) = sin x + cos x
f ( x) = cos x - sin x
Now, f ( x) = 0 gives sin x = cos x
p 5p
as 0 x 2p
tan x = 1 x = ,
4 4
0
p
4
5p
4
2 x = 10 - r(p + 2)
pr
2 x + 2r + ( 2pr ) = 10
2
D
2r
Let A be area of figure
A = Area of semi-circle + Area of rectangle
1
A = (pr 2 ) + x 2r
2
1
A = pr 2 + r {10 - r(p + 2)}
2
1
= (pr 2 ) + 10r - r 2p - 2r 2
2
pr 2
(i)
A = 10r - 2r 2
2
Differentiate Eq. (ii) twice and use concept of
maxima and minima.
20
10
Hence, length =
, Breadth =
p+4
p+4
or Let P be a point on the hypotenuse AC of
right angled D ABC.
A
q
A
C
B
M
Such that PL ^ AB, PL = a, PM ^ BC , PM = b
Let
APL = ACB = q
AP = a sec q, PC = b cosec q
Let l be the length of the hypotenuse.
then,
l = AP + PC
p
(i)
l = asec q + b cosec q, 0 < q <
2
Differentiate Eq. (i) use concept of maxima and
1/ 3
b
and the
minima, l is minima at q =
a
2/ 3
2/ 3 3
minimum value is ( a
+b ) .
(i)
2p
p
f is strictly increasing in the intervals 0,
4
5p
and , 2p .
4
p 5p
Also, f ( x) < 0, if x ,
4 4
p 5p
or f is strictly decreasing in ,
.
4 4
(i)
P (3, 4)
87
Quizzer (No.14)
1. If x is so small that x3 and higher power of x may be
3
x
3 /2
1 + - (1 + x)
2
may be
neglected, then -
(1 - x)1/ 2
approximated as
3 2
x
8
3
(c) - x 2 + 1
8
(a) -
(b) (d)
3 2
x + 3x
8
minimum
value
of
the
expression
(a4 + 3a2 + 1) (b4 + 5b2 + 1)(c4 + 7c2 + 1)
is not
a2 b2 c2
(b) 181
(d) 191
x
3
x
x+
3
x
x+
3
x + x ...
(a) 1
(c) 3
(b) 2
(d) None of these
1
2
x (0, 3) is (since,[ ] denotes greatest integer function)
(a) 7
(b) 8
(c) 10
(d) 6
3 2
x
x +
x
2
(a) 3
(c) 5
K (2011 - a n - 1) is
(2010)n - 1
2011
(2010)n + 1
(c)
2011
(2011)n + 1
2010
(2011)n - 1
(d)
2010
(a)
(b)
tan[ x]
, x 0
, g(x) = x
1,
x =0
log2 ( x + 3 )
, then in [0, 1] Lagranges
h(x) = {x}, k(x) = 5
8. Given
is
value
f(x) = 4 - - x
2
2 /3
(b) k
(c) h
(d) f
95
equation y - 2ye
sin -1 x
2 sin -1 x
+ x - 1 + [ x] + e
=0
(a) - 1 sq unit
2
(b) + 1 sq unit
2
(c) ( p + 1) sq unit
(d) ( p - 1) sq unit
2
(b) - ,
e
(d) None of these
KNOWLEDGE
Coefficient
Quizzer (No. 14)
96
Mathematics Spectrum
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