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GOSTR505714442011Electricallowvoltage.Part444.
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GOSTR505714442011
GOSTR505714442011
(IEC60364444:2007)GroupE08
NATIONALSTANDARDOFTHERUSSIANFEDERATION
Electricallowvoltage
Part444
http://docs.cntd.ru/document/gostr505714442011
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Safetyrequirements.Protectionagainstvoltagefluctuationandelectromagneticinterference
Lowvoltageelectricalinstallations.Part444.Safetyrequirements.Protectionagainstvoltage
disturbancesandelectromagneticdisturbances
ACS91.140.50
OKS3402
Introduced20120701
Foreword
AimsandprinciplesofstandardizationintheRussianFederationestablishedbytheFederalLawof
December 27, 2002 N 184F3 "On Technical Regulation", and rules for the application of national
standardsoftheRussianFederationGOST 1.02004 "Standardization in the Russian Federation. The
mainprovisions"
Forinformationaboutthestandard
1 PREPARED Private educational institution of higher professional education "Moscow Institute of
Energy and Energy Conservation" (LEU VPO "MIEE") on the basis of their own authentic Russian
translationofthestandardreferredtoinparagraph4
2MaketheTechnicalCommitteeforStandardizationTC337"Electricalinstallationsofbuildings"
3 APPROVED and put into effect by the Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and
MetrologyofSeptember22,2011N329Article
4ThisstandardismodifiedinrelationtotheinternationalstandardIEC60364444:2007*Edition2
"Electrical installations of buildings. Part 444. Protection for safety. Protection against voltage
variations and electromagnetic interference" (IEC 603644 44: 2007 "Lowvoltage electrical
installations Part 444: Protection for safety Protection against voltage disturbances and
electromagneticdisturbances").
________________
*Accesstointernationalandforeigndocumentsmentionedhereandhereinaftercanbeobtainedby
clickingonthelink.Notemanufacturer'sdatabase.
The name of this standard is changed with respect to the name of this international standard to
conformtoGOSTR1.5(item3.5).
The "Normative references" is presented in accordance with GOST R 1.5 and the corresponding
referencesinthetextofthestandardinitalics
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5INSTEADGOST50571.182000,GOSTR50571.192000,GOSTR50571.202000
Information about changes to this standard shall be published in the annually issued Information
Index"Nationalstandards",andthetextchangesandamendmentsinamonthlypublishedinformation
signs"NationalStandards".Inthecaseofrevision(replacement)orcancellationofanotificationofthe
standard will be published in a monthly index published by the information, "national standards".
Relevantinformationnoticeandthetextisplacedinthepublicinformationsystemtheofficialwebsite
oftheFederalAgencyforTechnicalRegulationandMetrologyontheInternet
Introduction
ThisstandardhasbeenpreparedbythedirectapplicationoftheinternationalstandardIEC603644
44:2007"Electricalinstallationsofbuildings.Part444.Protectionforsafety.Protectionagainstvoltage
variations and electromagnetic interference" and is part of national standards GOST R 50571 Low
Voltageinstallation.
Thestandardestablishesrequirementstoensuretheprotectionofelectricalequipmentandconsume
by:
Shortterm (pulse) voltage surge that may occur in the lowvoltage electrical installation during
thunderstormsandtherebyswitchingsurgesincircuitswithhighinrushcurrents.Therequirementsare
based on the basic standard IEC 606641 "Insulation coordination for equipment within lowvoltage
systems.Part1:Principles,requirementsandtests"abouttheabilityofelectricalequipmentinsulationto
withstand shortterm surge of certain values
for each of the four categories in the standard power
consumers
Undervoltage
Electromagneticinterference.
440.1Scope
This standard applies to lowvoltage electrical installation (hereinafter plant) and establishes
requirementstoensuretheirsafetyincaseofvoltagevariationsandelectromagneticinterference.
Thisstandarddoesnotapplytoelectricitydistributionsystemuserandsystemsforpowergeneration
andtransmissionforsuchsystems(see.GOSTR50571.1,section1),despitethefactthatthesurgeand
electromagnetic interference can be transmitted to electrical or between electrical installations through
suchsystems.
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440.2Normativereferences
Inthisstandardreferencestothefollowingregulatorystandards.
GOST R 50571.12009 (IEC 603641: 2005) Electrical installations of low voltage. Part 1: Basic
provisions,assessmentofgeneralcharacteristics,termsanddefinitions
GOST R 50571.32009 (IEC 60364441: 2005) Electrical installations of low voltage. Part 441.
Requirementsforsafety.Protectionagainstelectricshock
GOST R 50571.1096 (IEC 6036455480) Electrical installations of buildings. Part 5: Selection
anderectionofelectricalequipment.Chapter54.Earthingarrangementsandprotectiveconductors
GOSTR50571.162007(IEC603646:2006)Electricalinstallationsoflowvoltage.Part6:Tests
GOSTR51317.2.52000(IEC610002595)compatibilityoftechnicalequipment.Electromagnetic
Environment.Classificationofelectromagneticinterferenceatthelocationsofhardware
GOST R 51317.6.12006 (IEC 6100061: 2005) Electromagnetic compatibility of technical
equipment.Immunity technical means used in residential and commercial and industrial environments
withlowpowerconsumption.Requirementsandtestmethods
equipment.Immunityoftechnicalequipmentusedinindustrialareas.Requirementsandtestmethods
equipment. Electromagnetic interference on the technical means used in residential and commercial
areasandindustrialareaswithlowpowerconsumption.Limitsandtestmethods
equipment.Electromagneticinterferenceonthetechnicalmeansusedinindustrialareas.Limitsandtest
methods
GOSTRIEC6095012009Informationtechnologyequipment.Safetyrequirements.Part1:General
requirements
GOST2932292(IEC3883)Standardvoltages
441(Free)
442lowvoltageelectricalprotectionfromtemporarysurge
causedbygroundfaultinthehighvoltagesystemsandinjuriesin
lowvoltage
442.1Scope
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This section contains the requirements for the safety of lowvoltage electrical installations in the
followingcases:
Earthfaultinthehighvoltagetransformersubstation,installationoflowvoltagesupply(seepara.
442.2)
Breaktheneutralsupplychainoflowvoltage(cm.442.1.3)
AccidentalgroundinglineconductorinanITsystemwithlowvoltageneutralconductor(seepara.
442.4)
Shortcircuitbetweenthelineconductorandtheneutralconductorinlowvoltagesystems(seepara.
442.5),whichusuallyleadstothemostseveretemporaryovervoltage.
TherequirementsforthegroundingdevicesoftransformersubstationsaregiveninIEC619361[1].
442.1.1Generalrequirements
Therequirementsofsection442shallbetakenintoaccountwhendesigningandbuildingsubstations
intheeventofagroundfaultonthehighvoltagedistributionsubstations.
Thedesignshouldhavethefollowinginformationrelatingtothehighvoltagesystem:
Characteristicsofthegroundingsystem
Themaximumlevelofcurrentgroundfault
Thevalueofresistancegroundingdevice.
442.1.2Designations
Insection442,thefollowingnotation(see.Figure44.A1):
Part of the earth current in the high voltage, which flows through the grounding device
substation
Resistancegroundingdevicesubstation
Resistance grounding device exposed conductive parts of the installation of lowvoltage
equipment
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Resistanceneutralgroundingdeviceoflowvoltageelectricallyindependentgroundingdevice
substationandneutralsystemoflowvoltage
TNsystemsandTTnominalrmsACvoltagelineconductorwithrespecttoground,systems
ITACvoltagebetweenlineconductorandneutralconductororconductormedium,respectively
Damage to the power frequency voltage that occurs in the low voltage between the exposed
conductivepartsandearthduringafault
Criticalpowerfrequencyvoltagebetweenlineconductorandtheexposedconductivepartsof
thelowvoltagetransformersubstationduringafault
Criticalpowerfrequencyvoltagebetweenlineconductorandtheexposedconductivepartsof
thelowvoltageinstallationoflowvoltageduringthefault.
Note1Criticalpowerfrequencyvoltage (and) avoltagethatappearsontheinsulationof
lowvoltageequipmentandovervoltageprotectiondevicesconnectedtolowvoltagesystems
Thefaultcurrentflowinginthegroundingdeviceexposedconductivepartsoftheequipmentset
at a low voltage during the period when there is damage on the high side and the first fault in the
installationoflowvoltage(see.Table44.A1)
The fault current in accordance with 411.6.2 flowing through the grounding device exposed
conductivepartsoftheinstallationoflowvoltageduringthefirstdamageinthelowvoltage(see.Table
44.A1)
Impedance (for example, the impedance of the insulation monitoring device (USP), the
impedanceoftheartificialneutral)betweenthelowvoltageandgroundconnection.
Note2Earthingdevicecanbeconsideredelectricallyindependentoftheothergroundingdevice,if
theexcesscapacitiesrelativetothegroundononeofthegroundingdevicedoesnotcauseunacceptable
excesscapacitiesrelativetogroundonanothergroundingdevice(see.IEC619361[1]).
Figure44.A1typicalsimplifiedschemeofthepossiblewaysofearthingsubstationandtheinstallationoflowvoltage
andovervoltage,occurringinthecaseofdamage
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GOSTR505714442011(IEC60364444:2007)Electricalinstallationsoflowvoltage.
Part444.Safetyrequirements.Protectionagainstvoltagevariationsandelectromagnetic
interference
Figure44.A1typicalsimplifiedschemeofthepossiblewaysofearthingsubstationandtheinstallation
oflowvoltageandovervoltage,occurringinthecaseofdamage
442.2Overvoltageinlowvoltagegroundfaultonthehighvoltageside
Intheeventofagroundfaultonthehighvoltagesubstationontheinstallationoflowvoltagemay
affectthefollowingtypesofsurge:
Faultvoltageofindustrialfrequency
()
Thecriticalfrequencyvoltage(and).
SuitablemethodsforcalculatingvariouskindsofsurgesareshowninTable44.A1.
Note 1 Table 44.A1 apply to IT systems derived from the neutral point. For IT systems without
derivedneutralpointshouldbeselectedcorrespondingtotheformulalistedinTable44.A1.
Table 44.A1 Critical power frequency voltage and power frequency voltage damage in lowvoltage
installations
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GOSTR505714442011(IEC60364444:2007)Electricalinstallationsoflowvoltage.Part4
44.Safetyrequirements.Protectionagainstvoltagevariationsandelectromagneticinterference
Forthecasewherethegroundingdeviceofhighandlowvoltagearelocatedincloseproximityto
eachother,therearetwowaysofapplyingtheoperation:
Connectallthehigh
Separationofhigh
()andlowvoltage
()andlowvoltage
()groundingdevicestoeachother
()groundingdevicesfromeachother.
The main method is the mutual connection. If the system is a low voltage is fully located on the
territory of grounding devices of high voltage, grounding devices of high and low voltage must be
connectedtogether(see.IEC619361[1]).
Note2Featuresvarioustypesofearthingsystem(TN,TT,IT)aregiveninStandard505711.
Note3Requirementsfor and obtainedonthebasisofthecriteriaadoptedinthedesignfor
theisolationoflowvoltageequipment,takingintoaccountthetemporarypowerfrequencyovervoltage
(see.Alsotable44.A2).
Note4Thesystem,whichisconnectedtotheneutralgroundingdevicesubstation,suchtemporary
overvoltagemayoccurastheisolationthatisnotinagroundedshell,iftheequipmentislocatedoutside
thebuilding.
Note 5 systems TT and TN expression "coupled" and "Section" refer to the electrical connection
betweenand.ForanITsystem,thesetermsrefertotheelectricalconnectionbetweenandandbetween
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thecompoundand.
442.2.1Thevalueanddurationofthepowerfrequencyvoltageincaseofdamage
Thevoltageatdamage
specifiedinthetable44.A1thatoccursintheinstallationoflowvoltage
between the exposed conductive parts and earth must not exceed the values
durationofthedamage,thecurveshowninthefigure44.A2.
for the corresponding
Figure44.A2allowablestressdamageinthelowvoltagegroundfaultinthehighvoltage
GOSTR505714442011(IEC60364444:2007)Electricalinstallationsoflow
voltage.Part444.Safetyrequirements.Protectionagainstvoltagevariationsand
electromagneticinterference
Figure44.A2allowablestressdamageinthelowvoltagegroundfaultinthehighvoltage
TypicallyPENconductorisalowvoltagesystemisconnectedtotheearthatmorethanonepoint.In
this case, the overall resistance decreases. For such multiplePEN grounded conductors
definedas:
may be
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.
NoteThecurveshowninFigure44.A2IEC619361[1].Onthebasisofprobabilityandstatistics,
thiscurveshowsalowlevelofriskforasimpleworstcase,whentheneutralconductorisgroundedonly
onthegroundingdevicesubstation.ExplanationsforothersituationsaregiveninIEC619361[1].
442.2.2Thevalueanddurationofthecriticalpowerfrequency
The value and duration of the critical frequency voltage (and) lowvoltage equipment in the
installationoflowvoltagegroundfaultinthehighvoltage,calculatedinaccordancewiththetable44.A1
shouldnotexceedthevalues
showninTable44.A2.
Table44.A2Possiblecriticalfrequencyvoltage
Thedurationofanearthfaultinthehighvoltage Permissiblecriticalpowerfrequencyvoltageonthe
systems,t
equipmentinlowvoltageinstallations
>5c
<5c
Insystemswithoutneutralconductorvalue
In250
In1200
shouldbeequaltothelinevoltage
Note 1 The first line of the table refers to a system with a lot of time off, such as highvoltage
systemswithisolatedneutralorhighvoltagesystems,groundedthroughtheresonanceresistance.
Thesecondlinereferstoahighvoltagesystemwithashorttrip,forexampletosystemsofhigh
voltagethroughagroundedlowimpedance.Togetherbothoftheselinesarethedesigncriterionfor
theinsulationoflowvoltageequipmentfortemporarypowerfrequencyovervoltage(see.IEC606641
[2]).
Note 2 The system, which is connected to the neutral earthing system of the transformer
substation,theemergenceofsuchtemporarysurgeisalsopossibleontheisolationthatisnotinshell
groundedforequipmentlocatedoutsideofbuildings.
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442.2.3Requirementsforthecalculationoflimitvalues
Permissiblecriticalfrequencyvoltageshouldnotexceedthevalues
showninTable44.A2.
PermissiblefaultvoltagepowerfrequencyshallnotexceedthevalueshowninFigure44.A2.
Forsystemspoweredbyelectricitydistributionnetworkoflowvoltagerequirementsof442.2.1and
442.2.2run.
Tofulfilltheaboverequirementsshouldbecoordinatedbetweentheoperatorofthehighvoltageand
lowvoltagesystemsdeveloper.Ensuringcompliancewiththeserequirementsistheresponsibilityofthe
builder(owneroperator)substation,whichshouldalsoensurecompliancewiththerequirementsofIEC
619361[1].Therefore,the
required.
calculation,
and
forthedevelopersystemvoltagelow,usuallynot
Possiblemeasuresfortheimplementationoftheaboverequirementsare,forexample:
Theseparationofgroundingdevicesofhighvoltageandlowvoltage
Changethetypeofearthingsystemoflowvoltage
Reductionofearth
resistance.
442.3Thecriticalvoltageofindustrialfrequencyintheeventoflossofneutral
conductorinTNandTTsystems
Pleasenotethatincaseofbreakageoftheneutralconductorinamultiphasesystem,thebasic,double
andreinforcedinsulationandcomponentsdesignedforthevoltagebetweenlineandneutralconductors
maybetemporarilyexposedtothelinevoltage,whichcanreach
values.
442.4Thecriticalvoltageofindustrialfrequencyintheeventofanearthfaultinan
ITsystemwithneutralconductor
Please note that in case of accidental earth fault of neutral conductor IT system insulation
components designed for the voltage between the linear and neutral conductors may be temporarily
exposedtothelinevoltage,whichcanreach
values.
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442.5Thecriticalvoltageofindustrialfrequencyintheeventofashortcircuit
betweenthelineconductorandtheneutralconductor
Notethatintheeventofashortcircuitintheinstallationoflowvoltagebetweenlineconductorand
neutralconductorvoltagebetweentheotherlineconductorsandtheneutralconductorcanreachavalue
of1.45
forupto5seconds.
443protectionfromatmosphericorswitchingovervoltage
443.1Generalrequirements
This section establishes the requirements for the protection of electrical equipment from transient
overvoltageofatmosphericorigintransmittedbythesupplyofelectricpowerdistributionsystem,andby
switchingsurges.
Values
switchingsurgesarelowerthanarresters,socompliancewiththerequirementsforprotection
againstovervoltageofatmosphericoriginalsoprovideprotectionagainstswitchingovervoltage.
Note1Thestatisticalevaluationofthemeasurementsshowthattheriskofexceedingtheswitching
overvoltagesurgelevelofCategoryIIissmall(seepara.443.2).
Values
surges that may occur at the input to the electrical system, the expected number of
thunderstormdaysayear,accommodationandfeaturessurgeprotectiondevicesmustbeconsideredso
thattheprobabilityofaccidentsduetothesurgehasbeenloweredtoalevelacceptableforthesafetyof
peopleandmaterialvalues
aswellastoprovidethedesiredcontinuityoftheservice.
Values
Transient surge depends on the method of implementation of the feed distribution system
(line laid in the ground. Or overhead line), from the possible presence of surge protection devices
upstream input to the electrical system in the course of distribution of electricity, and the level of the
supplyvoltage.
Thissectionprovidesguidancetodetermineinwhichcasestheovervoltageprotectionisprovidedby
surge protection measures provided in the installation, and public should be provided with external
protectiondevices.
Iftheprotectioninaccordancewiththissectionisnotprovided,itmeansthatthecoordinationofthe
insulationisnotguaranteedandshouldbeevaluateddamagethatmaybecausedbyoverexertion.
This section does not apply to surge arising from a direct lightning strike and lightning strikes
occurringinthevicinityoftheinstallation.Toprotectagainstovervoltagetransientsgeneratedbyadirect
lightningstrike,itisnecessarytouseIEC623051[3]IEC623053[4]andIEC623054[5],aswellas
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theIEC61643seriesofstandards[6].
Thissectiondoesnotapplytosurge,resultingindatatransmissionsystems.
Note 2 In respect of transient overvoltage of atmospheric origin differences for grounded and
ungroundedsystemsavailable.
Note 3 Switching overvoltages generated outside the unit and transmitted over a power line, are
underconsideration.
Note4TheriskofdamagefromsurgesinIEC623052isconsidered[7].
443.2Classificationofequipmentresistancetosurgevoltage(overvoltage
classificationcategories)
443.2.1Appointmentresistanceclassificationequipmenttothesurgevoltage(overvoltagecategory
classification)
Note1Forthepurposeofinsulationcoordinationinelectricalovervoltagecategoryaredetermined
andpresentedtotheappropriateclassificationofresistanceofelectricalequipmenttothesurgevoltage
(see.Table44).
Note2Thenominalresistanceoftheequipmenttothesurgevoltageitwithstandimpulsevoltage
equipment, the manufacturer of the equipment or part thereof and is characterized by the ability of its
specifiedinsulationwithstandsurge(inaccordancewithIEC606641[2],para3.9.2).
Resistanceofequipmenttothesurgevoltage(overvoltagecategory)isusedtoclassifytheequipment
ispowereddirectlyfromthemains.
The values
of resistance to the surge voltage equipment selected for the rated voltage are given to
determinethedifferentlevelsoffitnessequipmentonthelifeexpectancyandacceptableriskofdamage.
The choice of equipment classified resistance to pulse voltage across the electrical installation can be
ensuredcoordinationofinsulation,loweringtheriskofdamagetoanacceptablelevel.
Note3Themajorityofelectricalovervoltagetransientstransmittedsupplysystemdownstreamof
thepowerdistributionareattenuatedslightly.
443.2.2Therelationshipbetweentheresistanceofequipmenttothesurgevoltageandovervoltage
category
EquipmentwithresistancetopulsevoltagecorrespondingtoovervoltagecategoryIVissuitablefor
useincommissioningtheinstallation,ornearit,forexample,abovethemainswitchboard.Equipment
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categoryIVhasaveryhighresistancetosurgevoltage,providingtherequiredhighlevelofreliability.
NOTE 1 Examples of such equipment include electrical measuring instruments, devices, primary
overcurrentprotectiondevicesandripplesmoothing.
EquipmentwithresistancetopulsevoltagecorrespondingtoovervoltagecategoryIII,suitableforuse
infixedinstallationsdownstreamdistributionofelectricity,includingthemainswitchboard,andprovides
ahighlevelofoperationalefficiency.
NOTE 2 Examples of such equipment are distribution boards, circuit breakers, wiring, including
cables,busbars,junctionboxes,switches,socketoutletsinthefixedinstallations,equipmentforusein
industrial environments and some other equipment, such as fixedmounted engine with a permanent
connectionfixedinstallations.
EquipmentwithresistancetopulsevoltagecorrespondingtoovervoltagecategoryIIissuitablefor
connection to fixed installations and provide a normal level of compliance with the requirements
generallytopowerconsumers.
Note3Examplesofsuchequipmentarehouseholdappliancesandsimilarloads.
EquipmentwithresistancetopulsevoltagecorrespondingtoovervoltagecategoryIissuitableforuse
infixedelectricalinstallationsofbuildingswhentolimitovervoltagetransientstoapredeterminedlevel
appliedremediessetoutequipment.
Note4Examplesofsuchequipmentisequipmentcontainingelectroniccircuit,suchascomputers,
applianceswithelectronicprogramming,etc.
Equipment with resistance to pulse voltage corresponding to overvoltage category I should not be
connecteddirectlytotheelectricitydistributionnetwork.
443.3Performingsurgeprotection
Overvoltageprotectiontobeperformedinaccordancewiththefollowingrequirements.
443.3.1Surgeprotectionintheinstallation
This paragraph shall not apply if there must be a risk assessment carried out in accordance with
443.3.2.2.
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Iftheunitispoweredbyalowvoltage,fullylaidintheground,andhasnooverheadlines,thevalues
of resistance equipment Surge corresponding table 44, are sufficient, and special protection against
overvoltageofatmosphericoriginisnotrequired.
Note 1 The cable with insulated conductors and the grounded shell, hung on the supports,
consideredequivalenttocablelaidintheground.
If the unit is powered by a low voltage overhead line and includes the air line and the number of
thunderstorm days per year less than or equal to 25 (AQ1 in accordance with IEC 60364551 [8]),
specialprotectionagainstovervoltageofatmosphericoriginisnotrequired.
Note 2 Regardless of the AQ (in accordance with IEC 60364551 [8]), overvoltage protection
equipmentmaybenecessary,ifyouwanthigherreliabilityandexpectedhigherrisks(egfire).
In both cases, attention should be paid to protection against overvoltage transients equipment with
resistancetopulsevoltagecorrespondingtoovervoltagecategoryI(seepara.443.2.2).
443.3.2Overvoltageprotectionwithexternaldevices
In all cases, attention should be paid to protection against overvoltage transients equipment with
resistancetopulsevoltagecorrespondingtoovervoltagecategoryI(seepara.443.2.2).
443.3.2.1Overvoltageprotectiondependingonexternalfactors
If the electrical installation is fed by an air line or includes the air line and the number of
thunderstormdaysperyearismorethan25(AQ2accordingtoIEC60364551[8]),protectionagainst
overvoltageofatmosphericoriginisrequired,withouttheneedtoprotectivelevelofprotectivedevices
washigherthanthelevelofovervoltagecategoryII,giveninTable44B.
Note1Thelevelofsurgecanbecontrolledbysurgeprotectiondevicesinstalledneartheinputin
electricalorairlines(see.AnnexB),orintheinstallationofthebuilding.
Note 2 In accordance with IEC 623053, paragraph A.1 [4], the number of storm days per year,
equalto25,equivalentto2.5lightningstrikesper1km peryear.Itisderivedfromtheformula
where
frequencyoflightningstrikesper1km peryear
Thenumberofthunderstormdaysperyear.
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443.3.2.2Overvoltageprotectiondependingontheriskassessment
Note1ThemethodofoverallriskassessmentisgiveninIEC623052.[7]Insection443accepted
asubstantialsimplificationofthemethod.Itisbasedonthecriticallengthofthe
theleveloftheeffectslistedbelow.
incominglinesand
Fordifferentlevelsofprotectioncoversthefollowingconsequences:
a)relatingtohumanlife,suchassecuritysystems,medicalequipmentinhospitals
b) concerning the provision of public services, such as disturbances in utility networks, information
technologycenters,museums
c) relates to the commercial and industrial activities, such as hotels, banks, industrial enterprises,
commercialmarkets,agriculturalenterprises
d)relatingtogroupsofindividuals,suchaslargeresidentialbuildings,churches,offices,schools
e)relatingtoindividuals,suchasapartmentbuildings,smalloffices.
Toleveltheconsequencessetoutina)toc),overvoltageprotectionisneeded.
Note2Noneedforanestimateoftherisktotheeffectsofthelevelsspecifiedina)toc),asresult
ofthiscalculationisalwaysaneedtoimplementprotection.
Toleveltheconsequencesreferredtoinitemsd)ande),therequirementtoimplementovervoltage
protection depends on the results of calculation. The calculation must be performed using the formula
specified in Annex C to determine the length, which was adopted by agreement, and is called the
conditionallength.
Surgeprotectionisrequired
if,
where conditionallengthinkmpowerlinereportingstructurewithamaximumvalueof1km
Thecriticallength
Kmis
theconsequencesforthelevelspecifiedinitemd),andis
forthelevelspecifiedinitemf)
theconsequences
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where
frequencyoflightningstrikesper1km peryear.
Ifthecalculationshowsthattheinstallationofsurgeprotectiondevicesisrequired,thenthesecurity
levelofthesedevicesshouldbehigherthanthelevelofovervoltagecategoryII,giveninTable44B.
443.4requiredresistancetothesurgevoltageequipment
Theequipmentshouldbeselectedsothatthenominalresistancetopulsevoltagewasnotlessthan
therequiredresistancetosurgevoltageshowninTable44B.
Table44Requiredresistancetothesurgevoltageequipment
Ratedvoltage
installations,in
TherequiredresistancetoimpulsevoltagekV
Thethree
phase
system
Single
phase
systemtoa
midpoint
Equipmentfor
enteringinto
theunit(IV
category
perena
voltage)
Equipment
distributionand
finalcircuits(III
overvoltage
category)
Electrical
appliancesand
powerconsumers
(IIovervoltage
category)
Specially
protected
equipment(I
overvoltage
category)
120240
2.5
15
0.8
230/400
277/480
2.5
15
400/690
2.5
1000
12
InaccordancewithIEC60038[9].
ImpulsewithstandvoltagebetweenlineconductorsandPE.
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444Protectionagainstelectromagneticinfluences
Thissectioncontainsthebasicrecommendationsforthesuppressionofelectromagneticinterference.
Electromagnetic interference can disrupt or damage the information technology system, information
technologyequipment,aswellasequipmentwithelectroniccomponentsorcircuits.Thecurrentscaused
bylightningdischarges,switchingoperations,shortcircuits,andotherelectromagneticphenomenamay
leadtoasurgeandelectromagneticinterference.
Theseimpactsaremostsevere:
Iftheclosedmetalloopsandalargearea
Thelayingofthecommonroutesofvariouselectricalwiringinabuilding,forexample,forpower
supplyandforthetransmissionofdatasignalsintendedforinformationtechnologyequipment.
The value of the induced voltage is dependent on the steepness of the rise
of the current
interference and the size of the circuit. Power cables, through which flows a large current with high
steepnessofcurrentrise GOST
(eg,motorstartingcurrentselevatorsorcurrentsadjustablesemiconductor
R
rectifiers) may direct cables information technology systems surge that may affect the information
technologyequipmentandsimilarequipment,ordamagehim.
Thepremisesofmedicaldevicesandneartheirelectricormagneticfieldsassociatedwithelectrical
installationscaninterferewithmedicalequipment.
Thissectioncontainsinformationforprofessionalsintheconstructionofbuildingsandforspecialists
inthedesignandinstallationofelectricalinstallationsofbuildings,regardingcertaindecisionsthatlimit
electromagneticeffects.Thefocusisonimpactsthatcancauseinterference.
444.2(free)
444.3Definitions
BasictermsanddefinitionsgiveninGOSTR50571.1.This standard uses the following terms and
definitions:
444.3.1systemofpotentialequalization(bondingnetworkBN):Thesetofinterconnectedconductive
structuresthatprovides"electromagneticshield"forelectronicsystemsatfrequenciesfromdctolowrf.
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Note The term "electromagnetic screen" means any structure used to divert another channel,
blocking or hampering the passage of electromagnetic energy. In general, the potential equalization
systemrequiresnoconnectiontotheland,butthesystemofequalizationofpotentialsconsideredinthis
standardisconnectedtotheground.
444.3.2annularconductorpotentialequalization(bondingringconductorBRC):Earthbar,designed
asaclosedring.
Note Normally, the annular conductor potential equalization as part of potential equalization has
multipleconnectionswiththegeneralsystemofequalizationofpotentialstoimproveitseffectiveness.
444.3.3 combined potential equalization system (common equipotential bonding system CBN):
potentialequalizationsystem,whichprovidesaprotectiveequalizingpotentialsandfunctionalpotential
equalization.
444.3.4potentialequalization(equipotentialbonding):Theelectricalconnectionofconductivepartsin
ordertoachieveequipotential.
444.3.5networkofearthelectrodes(earthelectrodenetwork):Partofthegroundingdevice,consisting
ofinterconnectedgroundingelectrodes.
444.3.6 system equipotential mesh type (meshed bonding network MESHBN): The system of
equalizationofpotentialsinwhichalltherelevantsupportstructures,racks,cabinets,aswellasthereturn
wireDCpowerlineconnectedandwithacombinedsystemofequalizationofpotentialsinsetpointsand
mayformameshshape.
NoteThesystemequalizationofpotentialsinagridsystemenhancestheefficiencyofthecombined
potentialequalization.
444.3.7 shunt conductor potential equalization / parallel earth conductor (bypass equipotential
bondingconductor/paralleleaarthingconductorPEC):Thegroundingconductorconnectedinparallel
shieldedcable,transmittingsignalsand/orinformationtolimitthecurrentflowingthroughthescreens.
444.4EMIsuppression
Whendesigningandinstallingtheelectricalsystemshouldbeusedinthissectionreferredtomeasure
reductionofelectricandelectromagneticeffectsontheelectricalequipment.
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Useonlysuchelectricalequipmentwhichcomplieswiththerelevantstandardsforelectromagnetic
compatibility(EMC)andtherequirementsoftherelevantEMCproductstandards.
444.4.1sourcesofelectromagneticinterference
Electrical equipment that is sensitive to electromagnetic influences, should not be placed near
potentialsourcesofelectromagneticemissionssuchas:
Switchingdevicesforinductiveloads
Electricmotors
Fluorescentlighting
Weldingmachines
Computers
Rectifiers
Breakers
Frequencyconverters/regulators
Lifts
Transformers
Completeswitchgear
Powerdistributionbusbars.
Safety444.4.2reducingelectromagneticinterference
Thefollowingmeasuresreducetheeffectsofelectromagneticinterference:
a) The application for electrical equipment sensitive to electromagnetic interference, surge protection
devices and / or filters for improved electromagnetic compatibility with respect to conducted
electromagneticphenomena
b)joiningmetalsheathsofcablestothecombinedsystemofequalizationofpotentials
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c) elimination of inductive circuits using common routes for laying of power, information and signal
circuitsinwiring.
Note Data cables a cable for transmitting signals and data for the information technology
equipmentandothersensitivetoelectromagneticinterferenceequipment
d) separating power and signal cables and perform the intersection of each other, if possible almost at
rightangles(see.444.6.3)
e)theuseofcableswithconcentricconductorstoreducecurrentsinducedintheprotectiveconductor
f) The use of symmetric multicore cables (eg shielded cables with separate protective conductor) for
electricalconnectionsbetweentheinverterandelectricmotorswithvariablefrequencydrives
g) Application of signal and data cables that meet the requirements of the manufacturer to
electromagneticcompatibility
h)inthepresenceofalightningprotectionsystem
Powerandsignalcablesmustbeseparatedfromtheelectrodesofthelightningprotectionsystem,or
theminimumdistanceorthroughscreening.Theminimumdistanceshouldbedeterminedbythedesign
ofthelightningprotectionsysteminaccordancewithIEC623053[4]
Metalsheathsandarmorofpowerandsignalcablesmustbeconnectedtotheequipotentialbonding
system in accordance with the requirements of lightning protection given in IEC 623053 [4] and IEC
623054[5]
i) if using shielded signal and data cables for the transmission of signals and information measures
shouldbetakentolimittheflowoffaultcurrentsonpowersystemsearthedscreensandveinssignalor
datacables.Inthiscase,youmayneedtopadtheadditionalconductorssuchasshuntconductorpotential
equalizationtoincreasecablescreen(see.Figure44.R1).
Figure44.R1shuntconductortoincreasethescreeninacombinedsystemofequalizationofpotentials
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Figure44.R1shuntconductortoincreasethescreeninacombinedsystemofequalizationofpotentials
Note1Installationoftheconductorneartheshellofthesignalordatacablereducestheareaof
the
circuit associated with the equipment attached to the ground only to the protective conductor. This
measuresignificantlyreducesthelevelofpulsedelectromagneticinfluencesbylightningdischarges
j) If the signal or data cables are common to several buildings, powered by the CT system should be
appliedtothebypassconductorpotentialequalization(see.Figure44.R2).Minimumcrosssectionofthe
copperconductorshuntshouldbe16mm ortheequivalentconductivityofothermetals.Theequivalent
conductivity crosssectional area must be determined in accordance with IEC 60364554 (paragraph
544.1)[10].
Figure44.R2examplesofreplacementorbypassconductorpotentialequalizationsystemTT
Figure44.R2examplesofreplacementorbypassconductorpotentialequalizationsystemTT
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Note2Ifagroundedshieldconductorisusedasthereversecurrentsignalcircuitmaybeuseddual
coaxialcable.
Note3Ifnoagreementonhowtoconnectthescreensoftelecommunicationscablestothemain
potential equalization system can not be achieved, the responsibility for avoiding a risk that may arise
due to such cables unconnected to the main potential equalization system rests with the owner or
operator.
Note4Thecorrectionofproblemscausedbythevoltagedifferenceonthegroundintheextended
municipaltelecommunicationnetworks,isassignedtothetelecommunicationsnetworkoperators,which
canuseotherways
k)impedanceconnectionstotheequipotentialbondingsystemshouldbeassmallaspossible,whichis
providedasfollows:
As short as possible due to the length of the connection and / or crosssectional shape of the
conductor, provides a low inductance values
of resistance and impedance per meter of track (for
example,wovenbraidwithawidthtothicknessratiooffivetoone)
l) if the earthing bar is designed to perform the functions of the equipotential bonding apparatus
comprisingasignificantamountofinformationtechnologyequipmentinthebuilding,itmaybeformed
asaclosedring.
Note6Thismeasureshouldbepreferredinthebuildingsofthetelecomindustry.
444.4.3TNsystem
Toreduceelectromagneticinterferencemustmeettherequirementsofthefollowingitems:
444.4.3.1 In existing buildings, which contain or may contain a significant amount of information
technologyequipment,itisnotrecommendedtokeepthesystemTNC.
Inthenewlyconstructedbuildings,whichcontainormaycontainasignificantamountofinformation
technologyequipment,shouldnotbeusedsystemTNC.
Note In any installation of TNC is likely course of load currents or fault currents, branching
throughthepotentialequalizationatthemetalstructureofthebuildingandcommunications.
444.4.3.2. In existing buildings, powered by electricity distribution networks of low voltage, which
contain or may contain a significant amount of information technology equipment should be installed
TNS,fromenteringintotheelectricalsystem(see.Figure44.R3A).
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Inthenewlyconstructedbuildings,whichcontainormaycontainasignificantamountofinformation
technologyequipmentshouldbeinstalledTNS,fromenteringintotheunit(see.Figure44.R3A).
Figure44.R3AExceptionneutralconductorcurrentsindesign,connectedtotheequipotentialbondingsystem,using
thesystemTNCSdivisionPENconductortotheprotectiveconductorPEandneutralconductorNontheinputpower
elec
_______________
Innormaloperationthevoltagedrop
inthePEconductorisabsent.
Thecontoursofalimitedareacausedbysignalordatacablesforthetransmissionofsignalsor
information.
Figure44.R3AExceptionneutralconductorcurrentsindesign,connectedtotheequipotentialbonding
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system,usingthesystemTNCSdivisionPENconductortotheprotectiveconductorPEandneutral
conductorNonthepowerinputoftheelectricalsysteminthemunicipalnetwork
NoteTheeffectivenessofthesystemTNScanbeenhancedusingdifferentialcurrentmonitoring
devices(RCM)inaccordancewithIEC62020[11].
444.4.3.3Inexistingbuildings,wheretheinstallationoflowvoltagecompletely,includingtransformer,
served only by the consumer and that contain or may contain a significant amount of information
technologyequipmentshouldbeinstalledTNS(see.Figure44.R3V).
Figure44.R3VExceptionneutralconductorcurrentsindesign,connectedtotheequipotentialbondingsystem,usinga
systemofTNSelectricalinstallationsinbuildings,poweredbyitsowntransformerconsumer
_______________
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Innormaloperationthevoltagedrop
inthePEconductorisabsent.
information.
Figure44.R3VExceptionneutralconductorcurrentsindesign,connectedtotheequipotentialbonding
system,usingasystemofTNSelectricalinstallationsinbuildings,poweredbyitsowntransformer
consumer
444.4.3.4IftheexistinginstallationmadesystemTNCS(see.Figure44.R4),thecontoursformedby
signalanddatacablesforthetransmissionofsignalsorinformationthatcanbeeliminated:
Replacingallelectricalparts,executedbysystemTNCshowninFigure44.R4,systemTNS,as
shown44.R3A,or
If such a replacement is impossible, except for compounds of various parts of the system TNS
signalordatacablesforthetransmissionofsignalsorinformation.
Figure44.R4SystemTNCSdivisionPENconductortotheprotectiveconductorPEandneutralconductorNintoan
existingelectricalinstallationofthebuilding
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_______________
Thevoltagedrop
inthePEconductorinthenormalmode.
information.
Extraneousconductiveparts.
NoteThecurrentsystem,whichinTNStakesplaceonlyattheneutralconductorintheTNCS
alsotakesplaceonthescreenorreferenceconductorsofthesignalcables,*anopenconductiveparts
andextraneousconductiveparts,suchassteelstructures.
_______________
*Probablytheoriginalerror.Itshouldread:open.Notemanufacturer'sdatabase.
Figure44.R4SystemTNCSdivisionPENconductortotheprotectiveconductorPEandneutral
conductorNintoanexistingelectricalinstallationofthebuilding
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444.4.4TTsystem
The CT system such as that shown in Figure 44.R5, must be considered overvoltages which may
exist between the conductive parts and conductive parts exposed in those cases where the exposed
conductivepartsofdifferentbuildingsareconnectedtodifferentearthconnections.
Figure44.R5theCTsystemintheelectricalinstallationofthebuilding
_______________
Thevoltagedrop
information.
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Figure44.R5theCTsystemintheelectricalinstallationofthebuilding
444.4.5ITsystem
The threephase IT (see. Figure 44.R6) should take into account that the single fault isolation
between the line conductor and the exposed conductive part of the voltage between the intact linear
conductorandanexposedconductivepartcanreachthelevelofthelinevoltage.
NoteElectronicequipment,foodwhichprovidesadirectconnectionbetweenthelinearconductor
and the neutral conductor must withstand such overvoltage between line conductor and the exposed
conductive parts (see. The requirement to GOST R IEC 609501 for equipment of information
technology).
Figure44.R6ITsystemintheelectricalinstallationofthebuilding
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_______________
Thevoltagedrop
information.
Figure44.R6ITsystemintheelectricalinstallationofthebuilding
444.4.6Powerfrommultiplesources
Whenpoweredbymultiplesourcesshouldapplymeasuresspecifiedin444.4.6.1and444.4.6.2.
NoteWhenusingmultiplegroundingpointsneutralpowersourcecurrentsintheneutralconductor
canflowintheoppositedirectiontothecorrespondingneutralpointnotonlyintheneutralconductorbut
also on the protective conductor, as shown 44.R7A. For this reason the sum of the partial currents
flowing in the installation, will not be zero, and therefore the parasitic electromagnetic field is created
similartothecreatedsolidcable.
Figure44.R7A
TNSsystemwithmultiplepowersourcesandunacceptablemultipleconnectionsbetweenPEN
conductorandearth
GOSTR505714442011(IEC60364444:2007)Electricalinstallationsof
lowvoltage.Part444.Safetyrequirements.Protectionagainstvoltagevariations
andelectromagneticinterference
Figure44.R7A
TNSsystemwithmultiplepowersourcesandunacceptablemultipleconnections
betweenPENconductorandearth
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Inthecaseofsinglecorecablesinwhichanalternatingcurrentaroundtheconductorcableconductor
formed circular electromagnetic field, which can affect the electronic equipment. Similar fields are
createdasharmoniccurrents,butthesefieldsareattenuatedfasterthanthosecreatedbymajorcurrents.
444.4.6.1PoweredbymultiplesourcesinTN
In the case of electrical power in the system from several sources TN neutral point sources of
electromagnetic compatibility considerations must be interconnected insulated conductor connected to
ground in common to the audio source point located in the center between the sources (see. Figure
44.R7B).
Figure44.R7VSystemTNScmultiplesourcesofpowerwiththeadditionofneutralpointtoearthinthesamepoint
_______________
Avoiddirectconnectiontotheearthnoneutralpointoftransformerorgenerator.
Theconductorconnectingtheneutralpointsoftransformersandgeneratorsofall,mustbeisolated.
ThisconductoristhePENconductorandbewellmarked,butitshouldnotaccedetopowerconsumers,
aboutwhatmustbedonewarningsignattachedtoitorinstallednexttoit.
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Itshouldbeperformedonlyoneconnectionbetweentheinterconnectedneutralpointofthesupply
andthePEconductor.Thisconnectionmustbeinsidethemainswitchboard.
CanbemadeextragroundingofthePEconductorintheinstallation.
Figure44.R7VSystemTNScmultiplesourcesofpowerwiththeadditionofneutralpointtoearthin
thesamepoint
444.4.6.2PowerfromseveralsourcesintheCTs
In the case of electrical power supply from multiple sources in the CT system EMC reasons it is
recommendedthattheneutralpointsofallsourcesareinterconnectedandconnectedtogroundatonly
onepointlocatedatthecenterbetweenthesources(see.Figure44.R8)
Figure44.R8TTsystemcmultiplesourcesofpowerwiththeadditionofneutralpointtoearthinthesamepoint
interference
_______________
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Avoiddirectconnectiontotheearthnoneutralpointoftransformerorgenerator.
The conductor connecting the neutral point of transformer or generator should be isolated. This
conductorisaneutralconductor,andmaybesodesignated,butitshouldnotaccedetopowerconsumers,
aboutwhatmustbedonewarningsignattachedtoitorinstallednexttoit.
Itshouldbedoneonlyoneconnectionbetweentheinterconnectedneutralpointofthesupplyand
theneutralconductor.Thisconnectionmustbeinsidethemainswitchboard.
Figure44.R8TTsystemcmultiplesourcesofpowerwiththeadditionofneutralpointtoearthinthe
samepoint
444.4.7Switchingpowersupplies
InTNsystems,switchingpowersupplyfromonesourcetoanothersourceshouldbeperformedusing
aswitchingdevice,theswitchingsimultaneouslylinearconductorsandtheneutralconductor,ifpresent
intheinstallation(see.Figures44.R9A,44.R9B,44.R9C).
Figure44.R9ASwitchingtoanalternatepowersourceisathreephase4poleswitch
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NoteThisswitchpreventstheoccurrenceofelectromagneticfieldsgeneratedbystraycurrentsinthe
mainelectricalpowersupplysystem.Theamountofcurrentinthesamecablemustbezero.Thisensures
thattheflowofthecurrentdifferenceoflinearconductorsoftheneutralconductorisonlyonecircuit,
whichswitchestheelectricalpowersupply.
Currentsthirdharmonic(150Hz)areaddedtothelinearconductorsoftheneutralconductorcurrent
withthesamephaseangle.
Figure44.R9ASwitchingtoanalternatepowersourceisathreephase4poleswitch
Figure44.R9VTheflowofcurrentsintheneutralconductorwhenswitchingtoanalternativepowersupplythree
phasethreepoleswitchinappropriate
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Note Switching to a backup power source in a threephase network with a threepole switch
inappropriateresultsintheflowofunwantedcirculatingcurrentsthatcreateelectromagneticfields.
Figure44.R9VTheflowofcurrentsintheneutralconductorwhenswitchingtoanalternativepower
supplythreephasethreepoleswitchinappropriate
Figure44.R9SSwitchtosinglephasealternativepowersource2poleswitch
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GOSTR505714442011(IEC60364444:2007)
Electricalinstallationsoflowvoltage.Part444.Safety
requirements.Protectionagainstvoltagevariationsand
NoteConnectiontoearththesecondarycircuitunituninterruptiblepowersupply(UPS)isoptional.If
thisjoiningisnotperformedinthemodeofpowersupplyfromtheUPS,thepowerwillbecarriedout
according to the type of IT, and power mode with parallel power sources type of ground will be
appropriateforthetypeofgroundthemainsource.
Figure44.R9SSwitchtosinglephasealternativepowersource2poleswitch
444.4.8Communications,includedinthebuilding
Metal pipes (eg water supply pipes, gas and central heating), power and control cables should
preferablyenterthebuildinginthesameplace.Metalpipesandmetalcablearmormustbeconnectedto
themaingroundbususingconductorshavingaminimumimpedance(see.Figure44.R10).
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NoteTheinterconnectionofcommunicationsispermittedonlywiththeconsentoftheoperatorof
externalnetworks.
Figure44.R10Exampleofentryarmoredcablesandmetalpipesintothebuildinginoneplace
GOSTR505714442011(IEC60364444:2007)
Electricalinstallationsoflowvoltage.Part444.Safety
requirements.Protectionagainstvoltagevariationsand
GZSHthemainearthingbar inducedcurrent
Note It is preferred to enter into one place, since wherein the value of the potential difference
betweenthedifferentcommunicationsisclosetozero
0V.
Figure44.R10Exampleofentryarmoredcablesandmetalpipesintothebuildinginoneplace
ForreasonsofEMCclosedcavitiesofthebuilding,whichhousespartoftheelectricalinstallation,
should be reserved exclusively for electrical and electronic equipment (for example, devices for
monitoring,control,protectionandconnectiondevices)forwhichtheserviceshouldbeaccessible.
444.4.9Installationinseparatebuildings
If different buildings are separate potential equalization system for signaling and data can be used
fiberoptic cables that do not have metal parts or other nonwired system, such as highfrequency
isolationtransformersinaccordancewithIEC6155821[12],IEC6155824[13]IEC6155826[14]
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IEC61558215[15]andGOSTRIEC609501.
Notes
1 The problems caused by the voltage difference on the ground in the extended municipal
telecommunicationnetworks,areassignedtothenetworkoperators,whichcanuseotherways.
2Inthecaseofdatatransmissionsystemsneprovodnyhshuntconductorpadisnotnecessary.
444.4.10Installationinsidebuildings
Iftheexistingbuildingsareelectricalproblemsassociatedwithelectromagneticeffects,toimprove
thesituationcanbeappliedthefollowingmeasures(see.Figure44.R11):
1)useoffiberopticconnectors,withoutmetalparts,connectionsorsignalinginformation(see.444.4.9)
2)theuseofequipmentofclassII
3)theuseoftwowindingtransformersinaccordancewithIEC6155821[12]IEC6155824[13]IEC
6155826[14] IEC 61558215 [15].Compoundsecondarywindingshouldpreferablybeexecutedon
thetypeofsystemTNS,butforspecialapplicationsthesystemmaybeadoptedIT.
Figure44.R11Examplesofprotectionagainstinterferenceintheexistingbuilding
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Designations
Thepointofconnectionoftheprotectiveconductorandfunctionalground
FEfunctionalearthconductor(ifnecessary),andjoinsusedasdirectedbytheoperator
SPDsurgeprotectiondevice
SymbolofthePEconductor
Symboloftheneutralconductor
Thesymbolofalinearconductor
Link
Descriptionofthemeasure
Sub/standard
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1)
Enteringcablesandmetallicpipestoabuildinginaplace
444.4.8
2)
Common routing to the appropriate division and exclusion

loops
444.4.2
3)
Jumpers shortest length for potential equalization and a

groundedconductorparallelcable
GOSTR51317.2.5
444.4.2
4)
Shieldedsignalcablesand/orwireswithtwistedpairs
444.4.12
5)
ExclusionofTNCbelowtheinputpower
444.4.3
6)
Theuseoftransformerswithseparatewindings
444.4.10
7)
Localhorizontalsystemofequalizationofpotentials
444.5.4
8)
ApplicationofClassIIequipment
444.4.10
Figure44.R11Examplesofprotectionagainstinterferenceintheexistingbuilding
444.4.11Protectivedevices
To avoid false alarms at high transient currents should be selected with the appropriate protective
devicesfunctionalcharacteristics,suchasdelayedorfilters.
444.4.12Signalcables
Asthesignalcablesshouldbescreenedcablesand/orwireswithtwistedpairs.
444.5Groundingandpotentialequalization
444.5.1Interconnectiongroundingelectrodes
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For several buildings if the electronic equipment used in communications systems and information
exchange between the various buildings, the principle of the implementation of separate, unrelated
groundingelectrodesattachedtotheequipotentialbondingsystem,maynotberelevantforthefollowing
reasons:
Between such separate grounding electrodes, there is a mutual influence, which can lead to an
uncontrolledincreaseinvoltageontheequipment
Interconnectedequipmentcanhavedifferentvoltageswithrespecttoground
Thereisariskofelectricshock,especiallyintheeventofovervoltageofatmosphericorigin.
Therefore,allPEconductorandfunctionalgroundmustbeconnectedtothesamemainearthingbus.
Moreover, referring to the building grounding electrodes of different functions, such as protective,
functionalearthingandlightningprotectiongroundshouldbeconnectedtogether(see.Figure44.R12).
Figure44.R12Relatedgroundingelectrodes
interference
For several buildings if the interconnection of ground electrodes is practically impossible or

impractical, it is recommended to perform galvanic separation of communication networks of various
buildings,suchasthroughtheuseoffiberopticinserts(see.444.4.10).
Theprotectiveandfunctionalbondingmustbeseparatelyattachedtothemainearthingbussoasto
detach any one of the conductor does not impair the reliability of connection of the remaining
conductors.
444.5.2Methodsofconnectionofprotectiveconductorsandgroundingdevices
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The exposed conductive parts of information technology equipment and electronic equipment in a
buildingmustbeinterconnectedbymeansofprotectiveconductors.
Forresidentialbuildings,whereelectronicequipmentisusuallyusedtoalimitedextent,acceptable
radialnetworkofprotectiveconductors(see.Figure44.R13).
Figure44.R13Examplesoftheradialconnectionofprotectiveconductors
Groundingconductor
Protectiveconductor
Figure44.R13Examplesoftheradialconnectionofprotectiveconductors
For public and industrial buildings with multiple more effective use of electronics is combined
potentialequalizationsystemtoensuretherequirementsoftheelectromagneticcompatibilityofdifferent
typesofequipment(see.Figure44.R15).
444.5.3Differentwiringofconductorsandpotentialequalizationgroundingconductors
Depending on the importance and sensitivity of the equipment may be used four main circuits
containedinthefollowingparagraphs:
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444.5.3.1Protectiveconductorconnectedtotheringconductorpotentialequalization
PotentialequalizationsystemusingaringconductorpotentialequalizationisshowninFigure44.R16
on the top floor of the building. The annular conductor preferably be copper, bare or insulated, and
shouldbeavailableatanylocationthatcanbeachieved,forexample,usingacabletray,metalpipes(see.
TheseriesIEC61386[16])ontheexposedsurfaceofthegasketorconduit.
By the annular conductor potential equalization can be attached all protective conductors and
functionalearth.
444.5.3.2Radialcircuitconnectionofprotectiveconductors
Thisschemeisapplicabletosmallplantsrespectivelivingquartersandasmallcommercialbuildings,
andingeneralforequipmentnothavingtheinterconnectionsmadesignalcablesforthetransmissionof
information(see.Figure44.R13).
444.5.3.3Theradialconnectionofseveralmeshsystems
This connection is applicable for small installations with a small private group of related
communication equipment and contributes to the local dispersion currents due to electromagnetic
interference(see.Figure44.R14).
Figure44.R14Exampleofradialconnectingseveralmeshsystems
Groundingconductor(protectiveorfunctionalground)
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Functionalequipotentialconductors.
Thelengthoftheseconductorsmustbetheshortestaspossible(eg,<50cm)
Figure44.R14Exampleofradialconnectingseveralmeshsystems
444.5.3.4Combinedreticulateradialsystem
Thistypeofconnectionisusedinsystemswithahighdensityofcommunicationequipmentandthe
special responsibility of the terms of its application (see. Figure 44.R15). Net potential equalization
systemleveragesexistinghardwareBuildingsandsupplementedconductorsformingsquarecells.
Figure44.R15Exampleofcombinedreticulateradialsystemofequalizationofpotentials
interference
Figure44.R15Exampleofcombinedreticulateradialsystemofequalizationofpotentials
Dimensionsofthegridshouldcovertheentireareainwhichtheequipmentislocated.Themeshsize
oftheareaexpressedinsquareboundedconductors,formingasquare.
Thecellsizeisdependentonthelevelofareceivedlightningprotectionequipmentofthelevelof
resistancetoelectromagneticinfluencesandfromthefrequenciesusedforinformationtransmission.The
sizeofthecellstobematchedtothesizeoftheprotectedinstallation,butnottoexceed(2x2)minthe
areasofinstallation,sensitivetoelectromagneticinterference.
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Thisschemeissuitableforlocalareanetworks(eg,PBXwithincomingandoutgoingcalls)andfor
centralizedinformationprocessingsystems.Wherenecessary,inthepresenceofspecificrequirementsin
certainareasacommongridcellsizescanbereduced.
444.5.4Equipotentialbondinginmultistoreybuildings
Inmultistoreybuildingsitisrecommendedtopotentialequalizationsystemoneachfloor.Thefigure
shows44.R16potentialequalizationsystemforthegeneralcase.Eachfloorisanexampleofonetypeof
potential equalization. Potential Equalization various floors must be interconnected by at least two
conductors.
Figure44.R16Exampleofasystemofequalizationofpotentialsinhighrisebuildingwithoutlightning
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Figure44.R16Exampleofasystemofequalizationofpotentialsinhighrisebuildingwithoutlightning
444.5.5functionalgroundconductor
Forproperoperationofsomeelectronicequipmentrequiresareferencevoltagewhosevalueisclose
totheearthpotential.Thisreferencevoltageisprovidedbyaconductorfunctionalground.
Functional ground conductor may be metal strips, flat braided pigtails and cables with concentric
arrangementofconductors.
For equipment operating at high frequencies, preferred are metal strips or flat braids, the length of
connectionwhichshouldbeasshortaspossible.
Forconductorfunctionalgroundisnotaspecialcolor,buttorefertofunctionalgroundconductors
should not be used a combination of the colors yellow and green set for the protective earthing
conductor.Use of one and the same color to indicate the functional grounding conductors at each end
withinthewholeplant.
Forequipmentoperatingatlowfrequencies,crosssectionofconductorsspecifiedinIEC603645
54, paragraph 544.1.1 [10] are sufficient regardless of the profile section of the conductor (see. Also
listedb)andk)444.4.2).
444.5.6commercialorindustrialbuildingwithalargevolumeofinformationtechnology
equipment
The following additional requirements are intended to reduce the effects of electromagnetic
interferenceintheworkofinformationtechnologyequipment.
Inconditionsofstrongelectromagneticinfluencesitisrecommendedtousethecombinedreticulate
radialsystemofpotentialequalizationinaccordancewith444.5.3.3.
444.5.6.1Dimensionsandinstallationofconductorsoftheringsystemofequalizationofpotentials
Ringbusprovidedbytheprojectforpotentialequalizationmusthavethefollowingminimumcross
section:
Flatcoppercrosssection(30x2)mm
Roundcopper,diameterof8mm.
Bareconductorsmustbeprotectedagainstcorrosioninplacesofattachmentandpassthroughwalls.
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444.5.6.2partstobeattachedtothesystemofequalizationofpotentials
Forpotentialequalizationsystemmustbeattachedtothefollowingparts:
Conducting screens, conductive sheath or armor of cables transmitting information data, and the
shellofinformationtechnologyequipment
Groundingconductorantennasystems
GroundinggroundingconductorpolesDCcircuitssupplyinginformationtechnologyequipment
Guidesfunctionalground.
444.5.7Earthingandpotentialequalizationforfunctionalpurposesofinformationtechnology
systems
444.5.7.1Earthbar
If required for functional purposes grounding tire length of the main building electrical grounding
clamp can be increased by the addition thereto a ground bus. This facilitates the connection of
information technology equipment to the main earthing terminal of the building at any point of the
buildingisalmosttheshortestroute.Ifgroundingrailmountedtoimprovetheequipotentiallargeamount
ofinformationequipmentinthebuilding,itmaybeformedasaring(see.Figure44.R16).
Notes
1groundingrailcanbebareorinsulated.
Twogroundingbusshouldbesetsothataccesstoitisprovidedoveritsentirelength,forexampleonthe
surfaceofthecableduct.Atfixingandpassagewaysthroughwallsmayrequireprotectionofconductors
againstcorrosion.
444.5.7.2 Efficiency bus functional ground depends on its track laying and the impedance of the
conductorused.Forinstallationsconnectedtothesupplychainwithloadcapacityof200Aperphaseor
morecrosssectionalareaofthebusfunctionalgroundmustbeatleast50mm ofcopper,andthesize
andshapeofthecrosssectionmustcomplywiththerequirementsoflistingk)444.4.2.
NoteThisrequirementisvalidforfrequenciesupto10MHz.
IfthegroundingbusisusedaspartofthereturnpathofDC,itscrosssectionshouldbeselectedby
thecalculatedinverseDC.ThemaximumcalculatedDCvoltagedropalongeachgroundbusforuseasa
reversecurrentconductorinthedistributionchain,shouldbelessthan1V.
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444.6Separationchains
Laying of cables intended for information technology power supply cables in the same wiring
system,oronetrackshouldbecarriedoutinaccordancewiththerequirementsofthissection.
Must meet the test for compliance with the electrical safety (see. GOST R 50571.16 and / or IEC
60364552,paragraph528.1[17],alsorequireselectricalseparationofcircuits(see.GOSTR50571.3,
section413and/or444.7.2).
The requirements for separation distances under the terms of electrical safety and electromagnetic
compatibilityconditionsmayinsomecasesbedifferent.
Theexposedconductivepartsofelectricalwiringsystems,suchasshell,fasteners,partitionsshould
beprotectedinaccordancewiththerequirementsoftheprotectionwheninsulationfault(see.GOSTR
50571.3,section413).
444.6.2Designinformation
Theminimumdistancebetweenthecablesforcommunicationandpowercablesrequiredtoreduce
theelectromagneticinterference,dependonmanyfactors,suchas:
a) Level of resistance of the equipment connected to the data cable to the surge voltage and
electromagneticinfluenceofvariouskinds(currenttransients,pulsecurrents,currentpulsesoflightning
flash,acircularwave,sustainedoscillations,etc.)
b)connectequipmenttothegroundingdevice
c)thenatureofthelocalelectromagneticenvironment(thesimultaneousoccurrenceofvarioustypesof
interference,suchasharmonics,plusflash,plussustainedoscillations)
d)rangeoftheelectromagneticspectrum
e)Distancebetweencablesinparallelstreamscables(zoneofmutualinfluence)
f)Thetypeofcables
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g)theattenuationofthemutualinfluenceofthecables
h)Thequalityofcontactconnectionbetweenthecableandconnector
i)thenatureanddesignoftheelectricalwiringsystem.
Forthepurposesofthisstandarditisassumedthatthelevelsofelectromagneticinterferenceinthe
environmentdonotexceedthetestlevelsgivenintheGOSTR51317.6.1,GOSTR51317.6.2,GOSTR
51317.6.3andGOSTR51317.6.4forconductedandradiatednoise.
Withparallelcablesforcommunicationandpowercablesmustmeetthefollowingconditions(see.
Figures44.R17Aand44.R17V).
Figure44.R17ASeparationofpowercablesandcablinginformationtechnologyinlongcablerunslessthanorequal
to35m
interference
powercable
GOSTDatacable
Figure44.R17ASeparationofpowercablesandcablinginformationtechnologyinlongcableruns of
35m
Figure44.R17BSeparationofpoweranddatacablesduringlongcableruns>35m
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GOSTpowercable
GOSTDatacable
Separationusingdistanceorseethepartition.Figure44R18
Figure44.R17BSeparationofpoweranddatacablesduringlongcableruns>35m
Ifthelengthofcableslaidinparallelisequaltoorlessthan35m,theseparationisnotrequired.
Ifthelengthoflayingparallelwithunshieldedcablesexceed35mseparationdistancesbetweendata
cabletotransferdataandpowercablesmustbemetfortheentirelengthofthetrack,exceptforthefinal
15meters,attachedtotheterminalsoftheequipment.
NoteTheseparationcanbeachievedbyairseparationdistanceequalto30mm,orbyametalbaffle
mountedbetweenthecables(see.Figure44.R18).
Figure44.R18Separationofcablesinthewiring
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Forshieldedcableswithalengthoflayingparallelwitha35mseparationisnotrequired.
444.6.3Installationinstructions
Theminimumdistancebetweendatacabletotransferinformationandfluorescent,neon,mercury(or
other discharge lamps with highintensity discharge) must be equal to 130 mm. Device for connecting
data cables and power cables have to be usually in different cabinets. Rack clamp for data cables
transmittinginformationandelectricmachinerymustalwaysbeseparatedfromeachother.
Intersections cables should, where practicable, be carried out at a right angle. Cables of various
purpose (such as power cables and transmission of information) should not be in the same bundle.
Bunches of cables for different purposes should be separated from each other with regard to
electromagneticinterference(see.Figure44.R18).
444.7Systemswirings
Systems for wirings are in metal and nonmetal performance. Hardwaresystemforwiringsprovide
varyingdegreesofenhancedprotectionunderthetermsofelectromagneticcompatibility,providedthat
theyareinstalledinaccordancewith444.7.3.
Tableofcontents
Introduction
440.1Scope
440.2Normativereferences
Thechoiceofmaterialandshapeofwiringsdependsonthefollowingconditions:
441(Free)
442lowvoltageelectricalprotectionfromtemporarysurgecausedbyground
faultinthehighvoltagesystemsandinjuriesinlowvoltage
a) the impact
of the electromagnetic field strength along the route (the proximity of sources of
442.1Scope
electromagneticinterferenceconductedandradiated)
442.1.2Designations
Figure44.A1typicalsimplifiedschemeofthepossible
b)theallowablelevelsofconductedandradiatedemissions
waysofearthingsubstationandtheinstallationoflow
voltageandovervoltage,occurringinthecaseofdamage
442.2Overvoltageinlowvoltagegroundfaultonthehighvoltageside
c)thetypeoflaidcables(shielded,twisted,fiberoptic)
442.2.1Thevalueanddurationofthepowerfrequencyvoltage
incaseofdamage
Figure44.A2allowablestressdamageinthelowvoltage
d) level of immunity to electromagnetic influences of equipment connected to the cable system, the
groundfaultinthehighvoltage
transmissionofinformation
442.2.2Thevalueanddurationofthecriticalpowerfrequency
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442.2.3Requirementsforthecalculationoflimitvalues
e)otherrestrictiveenvironmentalconditions(chemical,mechanical,environmental,fireandothers.)
442.3Thecriticalvoltageofindustrialfrequencyintheeventoflossof
neutralconductorinTNandTTsystems
442.4Thecriticalvoltageofindustrialfrequencyintheeventofan
f)anysubsequentextensionoftheinformationcablenetwork.
earthfaultinanITsystemwithneutralconductor
442.5Thecriticalvoltageofindustrialfrequencyintheeventofashort
Nonmetallicelectricalwiringsystemsaresuitableforapplications:
circuitbetweenthelineconductorandtheneutralconductor
443protectionfromatmosphericorswitchingovervoltage
Electromagneticenvironmentswithconsistentlylowlevelsofdisturbances
443.2Classificationofequipmentresistancetosurgevoltage(over
Cablesystemwithlowemissions
voltageclassificationcategories)
443.2.1Appointmentresistanceclassificationequipmenttothe
Theuseoffiberopticcables.
surgevoltage(overvoltagecategoryclassification)
443.2.2Therelationshipbetweentheresistanceofequipmentto
Inthecaseofmetalcomponentsofthesupportsystemforthecharacteristicimpedanceofthecable
thesurgevoltageandovervoltagecategory
wiringsystemislargelydependentontheprofileconstruction(plane,Ushapeddesign,thetubeandal.),
443.3Performingsurgeprotection
Thanfromthecrosssectionalareathereof.Thebestprofilesareclosedbecausetheyreducetheeffectsof
443.3.1Surgeprotectionintheinstallation
commonmode.
443.3.2Overvoltageprotectionwithexternaldevices
443.4requiredresistancetothesurgevoltageequipment
Usedspaceinsidethecabletrayshouldpermitsubsequentadditionalliningapredeterminednumber
444Protectionagainstelectromagneticinfluences
ofcables.TheheightofthecablebundleshouldbelowersideofthetrayasshowninFigure44.R19.The
properties of
the tray in terms of electromagnetic compatibility improved by applying caps installed
overlapped.444.2(free)
444.3Definitions
444.4EMIsuppression
444.4.1sourcesofelectromagneticinterference
Safety444.4.2reducingelectromagneticinterference
Figure44.R19Layingcablesinmetalcabletrays
Figure44.R1shuntconductortoincreasethescreenina
combinedsystemofequalizationofpotentials
GOSTR505714442011(IEC60364444:2007)Electrical
Figure44.R2examplesofreplacementorbypass
installationsoflowvoltage.Part444.Safetyrequirements.
conductorpotentialequalizationsystemTT
Protectionagainstvoltagevariationsandelectromagnetic
444.4.3TNsystem
interference
Figure44.R3AExceptionneutralconductorcurrentsin
design,connectedtotheequipotentialbondingsystem,
usingthesystemTNCSdivisionPENconductortothe
protectiveconductorPEandneutralconductorNonthe
inputpowerelec
Figure44.R3VExceptionneutralconductorcurrentsin
design,connectedtotheequipotentialbondingsystem,
usingasystemofTNSelectricalinstallationsin
buildings,poweredbyitsowntransformerconsumer
Figure44.R4SystemTNCSdivisionPENconductorto
theprotectiveconductorPEandneutralconductorNinto
FortraysUshapedgreatestattenuationofthemagneticfieldoccursattwocornersofthetray,soitis
anexistingelectricalinstallationofthebuilding
preferabletousedeeptray(see.Figure44.R19).
444.4.4TTsystem
Figure44.R5theCTsystemintheelectricalinstallation
NoteThedepthofthetrayshouldbeatleasttwicethesizeofthelargestdiameterofthecableslaid.
ofthebuilding
444.4.5ITsystem
Figure44.R6ITsystemintheelectricalinstallationof
thebuilding
444.4.6Powerfrommultiplesources
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Figure44.R7A
TNSsystemwithmultiplepower
444.7.3.1 metal or composite

wirings system
designed specifically for the purpose of electromagnetic
sourcesandunacceptablemultipleconnectionsbetween
compatibility
PENconductorandearth
Figure44.R7VSystemTNScmultiplesourcesofpower
Metal or composite
wirings system designed specifically for the purpose of electromagnetic
withtheadditionofneutralpointtoearthinthesamepoint
compatibilitymustalwaysbeconnectedtothelocalequipotentialbondingsystematbothends.Forlarge
Figure44.R8TTsystemcmultiplesourcesofpower
lengths, such as 50 m,
it is recommended to perform an additional connection to the system of
withtheadditionofneutralpointtoearthinthesamepoint
equalization of potentials. All conductors connections must be of the shortest possible length. If the
444.4.7Switchingpowersupplies
wiringsystemiscomposedofseveralelementsmustbetakentoensurethecontinuityofthecircuitusing
Figure44.R9ASwitchingtoanalternatepowersourceis
secure connections adjacent
elements. Preferably, the elements have to be welded together completely
athreephase4poleswitch
aroundtheperimeter.Application rivet, bolt, screw connections are allowed if the contact surfaces are
Figure44.R9VTheflowofcurrentsintheneutral
goodconductors,thatis,nopaintingandinsulationcoatingsareprotectedfromcorrosionandensurea
conductorwhenswitchingtoanalternativepowersupply
reliableelectricalcontact.
threephasethreepoleswitchinappropriate
Figure44.R9SSwitchtosinglephasealternativepower
Metal profile sections
must be maintained over the entire length. Allconnections musthavealow
source2poleswitch
impedance.Compoundsectionswiringsystemusingashortsinglewirewillcauselocalhighimpedance
444.4.8Communications,includedinthebuilding
anddeteriorationofthepropertiesofthesystemduetoEMC(see.Figure44.R20).
Figure44.R10Exampleofentryarmoredcablesand
metalpipesintothebuildinginoneplace
444.4.9Installationinseparatebuildings
444.4.10Installationinsidebuildings
Figure44.R20continuoussystemconsistingofmetalcomponents
Figure44.R11Examplesofprotectionagainst
interferenceintheexistingbuilding
444.4.11Protectivedevices
444.4.12Signalcables
interference
444.5Groundingandpotentialequalization
444.5.1Interconnectiongroundingelectrodes
444.5.2Methodsofconnectionofprotectiveconductorsand
groundingdevices
Figure44.R13Examplesoftheradialconnectionof
protectiveconductors
444.5.3Differentwiringofconductorsandpotentialequalization
groundingconductors
Figure44.R14Exampleofradialconnectingseveral
meshsystems
Figure44.R15Exampleofcombinedreticulateradial
systemofequalizationofpotentials
444.5.4Equipotentialbondinginmultistoreybuildings
Figure44.R16Exampleofasystemofequalizationof
potentialsinhighrisebuildingwithoutlightning
444.5.5functionalgroundconductor
444.5.6commercialorindustrialbuildingwithalargevolumeof
informationtechnologyequipment
444.5.7Earthingandpotentialequalizationforfunctional
Figure44.R20continuoussystemconsistingofmetalcomponents
purposesofinformationtechnologysystems
444.6Separationchains
AtfrequenciesofseveralMHzandabovemeshbarlengthof10cmbetweentwopartsofthesystem
reducestheelectricalshieldingeffectofmorethan10times.
Figure44.R17ASeparationofpowercablesandcabling
informationtechnologyinlongcablerunslessthanor
When making changes or extensions is very important that the work was done under close
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equalto35m
supervision to guarantee
compliance with its recommendations for EMC, for example, to the metal
Figure44.R17BSeparationofpoweranddatacables
sectionofpipewasreplacedwithplastic.
duringlongcableruns>35m
Metal structural elements
of buildings can successfully serve the purpose of electromagnetic
compatibility.SteelbeamsL,H,U,Tprofileoftenarecontinuouswiththegroundedstructurepotent
444.7Systemswirings
crosssection,
with a large surface area with multiple intermediates to ground. Laying cables in such
beams is preferred.
Preferably, the gasket inside corners and not on the outer surface (see. Figure 44
R21).
Figure44.R20continuoussystemconsistingofmetal
components
Figure44.R21Locationofcablesinsidetheelementsofmetalstructures
Figure44.R21Locationofcablesinsidetheelementsof
metalstructures
GOSTR505714442011(IEC60364444:2007)Electrical
Figure44.R22Theconnectionmetalsections
installationsoflowvoltage.Part444.Safetyrequirements.
445undervoltageprotection
Protectionagainstvoltagevariationsandelectromagnetic
interference
AnnexA(informative).Explanationoftheitems442.1and442.2
AnnexB(informative).Informationaboutprotectionagainstovervoltageby
usingsurgeprotectiondevices(SPDs)areinstalledonoverheadlines
AnnexC(normative)/Determinationoftheconventionalpowerlinelengthd
Figure44.QExamplesd(1),d(2)andd(3)todetermined
Figure44.R21Locationofcablesinsidetheelementsofmetalstructures
ApplicationYES(informative).Informationonthereferencelineofnational
andinterstatestandardswithinternationalstandards,usedasreferenceinthe
applicationofinternationalstandards
Bibliography
Caps,metaltraysmustmeetthesamerequirementsasthetrays.Preferredcoverwithalargenumber
of fasteners to section. If not, the cover should be attached to the section at least at both ends of the
conductorsshortlengthoflessthan10cm,forexamplewovenmeshorstrips.
Searchinthetext
IfthemetalorcompositewiringsystemdesignedspecificallyforthepurposeofEMC,isdividedto
pass through a wall, for example, through ognepregraditelny barrier two metal sections should be
interconnectedwebswithlowresistance,suchaswovenormeshstrips.
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444.7.3.2metallicwiringsystems
Iftheequipmentattachedunshieldedcablesarenotexposedtolowfrequencynoise,theprotective
properties of nonmetallic electrical improved seal inside the single conductor is used as the shunt
conductorequipotential.Thisconductormustbesecurelyattachedtothegroundingdevicetowhichthe
equipmentatbothendsoftheconductor,forexample,byattachingtoametalshellofthecabinet.
Shunt potential equalization conductor should be selected under the terms of the resistance to the
mostcommonmodecurrentsandthebranchisdamaged.
445undervoltageprotection
445.1.1 If undervoltage or loss of voltage and its reconstitution can lead to dangerous situations for
people or property, shall be provided appropriate precautions. Also,precautions should be provided,if
the result of lowering the voltage may be damaged or parts of the installation of electrical equipment.
The device of the undervoltage protection is not required if the damage to the installation or electrical
equipmentrelatestotherisktoleranceandthereisnodangertopeople.
445.1.2Iftheprotectedequipmentallowsforashortbreakpowersupply,posesnorisk,triggeringdevice
undervoltageprotectioncanbeperformedwithatimedelay.
445.1.3 When using contactors lag when opening and closing should not prevent an instantaneous
shutdownoftheprotectedequipmentcontrolsorsafetydevices.
Characteristics445.1.4devicesundervoltageprotectionmustcomplywiththerequirementsestablished
inthestandardsforthelaunchandoperationofprotectedequipment.
Ifreenablingthesecuritydevicemaycauseadangeroussituation,reclosingshouldnotbeautomatic.
AnnexA(informative).Explanationoftheitems442.1and442.2
AnnexA
(informative)
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A.442.1General
Therulessetoutinthesetwoparagraphsareintendedtoensurethesafetyofpeopleandpropertyin
LVinstallationswhenanearthfaultintheinstallationofHV.
Damage between systems of different voltages are those which can occur on the highvoltage
substations, low voltage supply system of the distribution network, operating at high voltage. Such
damagecausesleakagecurrentthroughthegroundelectrode,whichisattachedtotheexposedconductive
partsofthesubstation.
Faultcurrentdependsontheimpedanceofthecircuitonwhichthefaultcurrentflows,i.e.ofhow
groundedneutraltohighvoltage.
The fault current flowing through the ground electrode exposed conductive parts of the substation,
causes an increase in the capacity of the substation exposed conductive parts with respect to the land,
whosevaluedependsonthevalueofthefaultcurrentandtheresistanceoftheearthelectrodeexposed
conductivepartsofthesubstation.
Voltagedamagemayreachseveralthousandvolts,dependingonthetypeofearthinginstallationsto
cause:
Ageneralincreaseinpotentialwithrespecttogroundontheexposedconductivepartsofthelow
voltagesystem,whichcanleadtoincreasedstressanddamagetothecontactvoltage
Ageneralincreaseinpotentialwithrespecttogroundinthelowvoltage,whichcanleadtofailure
ofthelowvoltageelectricalequipment.
Usually the removal of damage in the high voltage requires a longer time than in the low voltage,
sincehaveatimedelayrelayfortheselectiveprotectionagainstnuisancetrippingcurrenttransients.
Offtimeofhighvoltageswitchingdevicesarealsomoredurablethanthelowvoltagedevices.
Thismeansthattheresultingdamagetothedurationofthepresenceofvoltageandthecorresponding
contactvoltageonexposedconductivepartsofthelowvoltageinstallationscanbegreaterthanrequired
byregulationsforlowvoltageelectricalinstallations.
Also, there is a risk of failure in the lowvoltage substation and a consumer installation. The
protective device under abnormal conditions, a voltage after transients may lead to difficulties or even
failureintheopencircuit.
Ifthedamagetothehighvoltageinstallationsshouldtakeintoaccountthefollowingconditions.
Highvoltagesystemswitheffectivelyearthedneutral
Suchsystemsincludeasystemwhichisconnectedtotheneutraleartheitherdirectlyorthroughalow
impedance,andinwhichgroundfaultareremovedwithinarelativelyshorttimedeterminedprotection
equipment.
Accessiontotheneutralgroundinsubstationisnotconsideredappropriate.
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Capacitivecurrentsareusuallynottakenintoaccount.
Highvoltagesystemswithisolatedneutral.
The consideration received only single fault condition at the first earth fault between live parts of
highvoltageandexposedconductivepartsofthetransformersubstation.
This capacitive current can be turned off or disabled depending on its value and the protection
system.
Systemswithhighvoltagearcsuppressioncoil.
Arcsuppressioncoilintherespectivesubstationnottakenintoaccount.
If the closure system high voltage occurs between the high voltage conductor and the exposed
conductivepartsofthesubstation,havingonlysmallfaultcurrents(differentialcurrentstypicallyofthe
orderoftensofamperes).Thesecurrentscanpersistforalongtime.
A.442.2Overvoltageinlowvoltagegroundfaultonahighvoltage
Figure 44.A2 derived from the curve
informeddecisioninIEC619361[1].
pattern 20 IEC 604791 [18], and accepted as almost an
Whenconsideringthevoltagevalues
ofdamageshouldbeconsidered:
a)lowriskofearthfaultinthehighvoltagesystem
b)thefactthatthecontactvoltageisalwayslowerthanthevoltageofdamageduetothepresenceofthe
mainpotentialequalizationspecifiedinGOSTR50571.3,(sub411.3.1.2),andadditionalearthinginthe
electricalconsumersandelsewhere.
Thevalues
giveninITUT:650Vfor0.2and430Vtoautomaticallyswitchoffwithatimeof0.2
seconds,slightlyhigherthanthevalues
indicatedinFigure44.A2.
AnnexB(informative).Informationaboutprotectionagainst
overvoltagebyusingsurgeprotectiondevices(SPDs)areinstalled
onoverheadlines
AnnexB
(informative)
B.1Inaccordancewith443.3.2.1andnote1toittherequiredlevelofsurgeprotectioncanbeachieved
byinstallingsurgeprotectiondevicesinaninstallation,eitherdirectlyorwiththeconsentofthenetwork
operatorontheroutesofthedistributionnetworkofelectricitysupply.
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Forexample,canbeappliedthefollowingmeasures:
a) in the case of an air distribution mains electricity overvoltage protection is established at points of
networkconnectionsandmainlyattheendofeachdistributionlinehavingalengthofmorethan500m.
Overvoltageprotectiondevicesshouldbedeployedalongthedistributionlinesupplypowerintheregion
every500m.Thedistancebetweenthesurgeprotectivedevicemustbelessthan1000m
b)ifthedistributionmainselectricityhasbeenpartiallyimplementedastheairnetwork,andpartlyasa
snare laid in the ground, overvoltage protection in accordance with the listing of a) on overhead lines
shouldbeinstalledateachpointoftransitionfromtheoverheadlinetothecablelaidintheground
c) The distribution network TN, feeding the electrical installations in which protection indirect contact
automaticallycutsoffpower,groundingconductorsovervoltageprotectiondevices,connectedtotheline
conductorsattachedtothePENconductororPEconductor
d)ThedistributionnetworkoftheCTsupplyelectricalinstallation,inwhichprotectionindirectcontact
automatically cuts off power, surge protection device must be provided for line conductors and the
neutral conductor. In a place where the neutral conductor is effectively grounded mains, install surge
protectorsintheneutralconductorisnotrequired.
TableB.1VariouspossibilitiesforsystemIT(takingintoaccountthefirstfaultintheinstallationLV)
interference
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AnnexC(normative)/Determinationoftheconventionalpower
linelengthd
AnnexC
(normative)
Determiningthelengthoftheconventional powerline
Theconfigurationofthelowvoltagedistributionnetwork,themethodofitsgroundinsulationlevel
andnatureofthephenomenon(inductivecoupling,resistivecoupling)leadstothechoiceofdifferent
lengths.
Themethodforcalculatingtheconditionallengthproposedbelowrepresentstheworstcase.
NoteThissimplifiedmethodissettoIEC623052[7].
GOSTR50571444
.
2011(IEC603644
Usually limitedtoalengthof1km,
where
km
thelengthofthelowvoltageoverheadtransmissionlinethatfeedsthebuilding,lessthan1
Thelengthofunshieldedlowvoltagelinesupplyingthebuilding,laidintheground,notmore
than1km
Thelengthofhighvoltageoverheadlinesupplyingthebuilding,lessthan1km
Thelengthoftransmissionlinelaidintheground,neglected.
Longshieldedlowvoltagelines,laidintheground,neglected.
4reductionfactorproportionaltotheimpactofdischargesbetweenoverheadlinesandunshielded
cablesintheground,calculatedfortheearthresistivityof250ohms/m
4theusualreductionfactorforthetransformer.
Figure44.QExamplesd(1),d(2)andd(3)todetermined
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NoteIfthetransformerislocatedinsidethebuilding
Figure44.QExamplesof
use,
GOST 0.
R
and
todeterminethe
ApplicationYES(informative).Informationonthereferenceline
ofnationalandinterstatestandardswithinternationalstandards,
usedasreferenceintheapplicationofinternationalstandards
ApplicationYES
(informative)
TableDA.1
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Referencedesignationof
national,interstatestandards
Degreeof
compliance
Symbolandnameoftheinternationalstandard
GOSTR5057112009
MOD
IEC 604641: 2005 "Electrical installations of low

voltage. Part 1: Basic provisions, assessment of
generalcharacteristics,termsanddefinitions"
GOSTR50571.32009
MOD
IEC60364441:2005"Electricalinstallationsoflow
voltage. Part 441. Requirements for safety.
Protectionagainstelectricshock"
GOSTR50571.1096
MOD
IEC 6036455480 "Electrical installations of

buildings. Part 554. Selection and installation of
electrical equipment. Earthing and protective
conductors"
GOSTR50571.162007
MOD
IEC 603646: 2006 "Electrical installations of low

voltage.Part6:Tests"
GOSTR51317.2.52000
MOD
IEC 610002595 "compatibility of technical

equipment.
Electromagnetic
environment.
Classification of electromagnetic interference on the
placementsoftechnicalmeans"
GOSTR51317.6.12006
MOD
IEC 6100061: 2005 "compatibility of technical

equipment.Immunityoftechnicalequipmentusedin
residentialandcommercialareasandindustrialareas
withlowpowerconsumption.Requirementsandtest
methods"
GOSTR51317.6.22007
MOD

equipment.Immunityoftechnicalequipmentusedin
industrialareas.Requirementsandtestmethods"
GOSTR51317.6.32009
MOD

equipment. Electromagnetic interference on the
technical means used in residential and commercial
areas and industrial areas with low power
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consumption.Limitsandtestmethods"
GOSTR51317.6.42009
GOSTRIEC6095012009
GOST2932292
MOD

equipment. Electromagnetic interference on the
technical means used in industrial areas. Limits and
testmethods"
IDT
IEC 609501: 2005 "Information technology

equipment.Safety.Part1:Generalrequirements"
MOD
IEC3883"standardvoltage"
NoteThistableusesthefollowingconventionsdegreeofcompliancewiththestandards:
IDTidenticalstandards
MODmodifiedstandards.
Bibliography
[1]
IEC619361
Power electrical voltages above 1 kV AC. Part 1: General

requirements
[2]
IEC606641:2007
Insulationcoordinationforequipmentwithinlowvoltagesystems.
Part1:Principles,requirementsandtests
[3]
IEC623051
Lightningprotection.Part1:Generalrequirements
[4]
IEC623053
Lightning protection. Part 3: Physical damage to structures from

damageandrisktolife
[5]
IEC623054
Lightning protection. Part 4. Electrical and electronic systems in

buildings
[6]
IEC61643(allparts)
Lowvoltagesurgeprotectors
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[7]
IEC623052:2006
Lightningprotection.Part2.Managementtorians*
________________
*Thetextofthedocumentcorrespondstotheoriginal.Notemanufacturer'sdatabase.
[8]
IEC60364551:2005
Lowvoltage electrical installations. Part 551. Selection and

installationofelectricalequipment.Generalrules
[9]
IEC60038
VoltagestandardIEC
[10]
IEC60364554

installationofelectricalequipment.Earthing,protectiveconductor
andpotentialequalization
[eleven] IEC62020:1998
Electricalaccessories.Controlandmeasuringdevicestodetermine
theresidualcurrent(RCM)householdandsimilarpurposes
[12]
IEC6155821
Safety of power transformers, power supply units, reactors and

similar products. Part 21. Specific requirements for the tests
isolatingtransformersandpowersupplyunitscomprisingisolating
transformersofgeneralapplication
[13]
IEC6155824
Safety of power transformers, power supply units and similar

products. Part 24. Particular requirements for isolating
[14]
IEC6155826

products. Part 26. Specific requirements for safety isolating
[15]
IEC61558215

products. Part 215. Particular requirements for isolating
transformersforthesupplyofmedicalfacilities
[16]
IEC61386(series)
Conduitsystemsforelectricalinstallations
[17]
IEC60364552

installationofelectricalequipment.Wiringsystems
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[18]
IEC6047912005
Impactofcurrentonhumanbeingsandanimals.Part1:General
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and
answers
The
Constitution
ofthe
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Federation
RFCode
Federallaws
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the
Presidentof
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Federation
Resolution
ofthe
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ofthe
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Federation
Draft
regulations
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Foreignand
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Professional
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technical
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Professional
background
ofthe
"Code"
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regulation
Construction
regulationsand
codesofpractice
registeredin
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Ordersand
lettersofthe
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Finance
Ordersand
lettersFTS
JSC"Code",20122014
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Athome,intheoffice,onatrip:yourreliablelegalsupport,alwaysandeverywhere.
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for the corresponding

Common routing to the appropriate division and exclusion

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For several buildings if the interconnection of ground electrodes is practically impossible or

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IEC 6036455480 "Electrical installations of

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