The sequential logical circuit, whose output depends not only the present input and

also on the past output.

Block Diagram:

The sequential logical circuit requires memory to store intermediate data and use a
periodical signal to determine when to store values. Clock signal or pulses are
determining the storage values.

Diagram for clock pulse:

Difference between combinational and sequential logical circuit.

Combinational logical circuit

Sequential logical circuit.

It depends on the present input values.

It depends on the present input values

and past output values.
Speed is low.
Memory unit are required.
Cost is high.
Difficult to design.

Speed is high.
Memory unit are not required.
Cost is low.
Easy to design.
Applications of Sequential logical circuit:
Flip-Flop
Registers
Counters
Triggers
State diagram

Flip-Flop:
The memory elements used in sequential circuit are called Flip-Flop. A Flip-Flop
circuit has two outputs, one for the normal value (1) and another for complement
value (0) of the bit store in it. And input are depends upon the types of Flip-Flop. It
is otherwise called as Multi-Vibrators.
Block diagram:

Types of Flip-Flop:
It has four types in it. They are,
SR Flip-Flop
JK Flip-Flop
D Flip-Flop
T Flip-Flop
SR Flip-Flop:
The SR Flip-Flop has two inputs S (Set) and R (Reset). It has two outputs are Q
(Normal) Q (Invertor).
Block Diagram:

Logical Diagram:

Rules:
When S = 0 and R = 0, the output Q n+1 in its Present State Qn No Change.
When S = 0 and R = 1, the Flip-Flop Reset to 0.
When S = 1 and R = 0, the Flip-Flop Set to 1.
When S = 1 and R = 1, both the Q n+1 and Qn must be indeterminate . Put Dont care
symbol X.
Characteristic Table:
Clock

Next State
Qn+1

State

Present
State
Qn
0

No Change

Reset
Set
Indetermina
te

Implementation of Qn+1 into K-Map:

Extension Table:
Qn
0
0
1
1

Qn+1
0
1
0
1

S
0
1
0
X

R
X
0
1
0

State diagram of SR Flip-Flop:

JK Flip-Flop:
JK means Jack Kilby, who is invented JK Flip-Flop is similar to SR Flip-Flop. It has two
inputs J (Set) and K (Reset). It has four actions in it.
Block diagram of JK Flip-Flop:

Logical Diagram:

Rules:
When J= 0 and K = 0, means No Change.
When J= 0 and K = 1, means Reset to 0.
When J= 1 and K = 0, means Set to 1.
When J= 1 and K = 1, means Toggle.

Characteristic Table:
Clock

Next State
Qn+1

State

Present
State
Qn
0

No Change

Reset
Set

Toggle

Implementation of Qn+1 into K-Map:

Extension Table:
Qn
0
0
1
1

Qn+1
0
1
0
1

S
0
1
X
X

R
X
X
1
0

State diagram of SR Flip-Flop:

D Flip-Flop:
D means delay. The D flipflop has only one input called D.It has two outputs
Q and .tIt is constructed from SR flipflopby inserting an inver s