Jutpani SS20

Design Calculation _Jutpani Nalla Bridge
SUPERSTRUCTURE OF JUTPANI NALLA BRIDGE, KAILAL

DESIGN DATA
DESIGN PARAMETERS
IRC Class A
Loading
Concrete Mix
200
150
Steel Grade
Fe415
S. No.
M25 - Abutment caps and pier caps

M20 - Superstructure, abutments and piers
M15 - PCC works
Concrete Grade
N/mm2 (for longitudinal bars)

N/mm2 (for shear reinforcements)
Properties
2
cbc
8.33
N/mm
c
6.25
N/mm 2
m
10
1
For M25
k
0.29
j
0.9
in MKS unit
R
11.05
N/mm 2
cbc
6.67
N/mm 2
c
5
m
10
2
For M20
k
0.25
j
0.92
in MKS unit
R
7.65
N/mm 2
cbc
5
N/mm 2
c
3.75
m
10
3
For M15
k
0.2
j
0.93
in MKS unit
R
4.67
Coefficient of thermal expansion for reinforced concrete = 108 x 10^-7 per degree celsius
Coefficient of thermal expansion for plain concrete = 108 x 10^-7 per degree celsius
Coefficient of shrinkage of concrete = 2 x 10^-4
Where
fck
=
Charecteristic compressive strength of concrete(MPa)
cbc
=
Permissible flexural compressive stresses (MPa), allowable
c
=
Permissible direct compressive stresses (MPa), allowable
m
=
Modular ratio (Es/Ec) of 10 adopted for calculating stresses in section
k
=
Neutral axis factor (K) = (m*c)/(mc+t)
j
=
Leaver Arm factor (J) = 1-K/3
R
=
Moment of Resistance factor, R = 0.5*c*J*K
tmax
=
Maximum shear stress (MPa)
=
=
Maximum bond stress (MPa)

Poisson's ratio 0.15-0.2 for normal concrete
Dimensions
Span
Carriageway width of bridge
Overall width of bridge
Thickness of slab
Long span of slab (clear)
short span of slab (clear)
No. of L-girder
Spacing of girder
Width of girder
Depth of girder
Spacing of cross beam
Width of cross
Depth of cross beam
Width of kerb
Depth of kerb
Spacing of railing
Hunch
Density of concrete (D)
L/12(m)
1.67
0.75XDg
1.25
Design Constant
Reinforcing steel,
Characteristic strength of steel,
L
Wc
Wo
ts
Ll
Ls
N
Sg
Bg
Dg
Sc
Bc
Dc
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
20.00
4.25
5.00
0.20
3.75
2.30
2
2.70
0.40
1.70
4.00
0.25
1.30
0.45
0.225
1.50
0.15
24.00
m
m
m
m
m
m
Nos.
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
KN/m3
Fe 415 (Tor-steel)
2
fy = 415 N/mm
Loading
Concrete mix
IRC class A
M20/M25
Compressive stress in bending

Allowable tensile stress of steel in bending
Modular ratio (m) = 280/3*c
Neutral axis factor (K) = (m*c)/(mc+t)
Leaver Arm factor (J) = 1-K/3
Moment of Resistance factor, R = 0.5*c*J*K
Impact factor I f =1+ (4.5/(6+l)
c
t
m
K
J
rf
if
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
8.33 N/mm2
200 N/mm2
10
0.29
0.90
1.1
1.17
ANALYSIS OF FORCES AND DESIGN OF MEMBERS

A) ANLYSIS OF FORCES IN INTERIOR SLAB PANELS
Fig. 1
Spans
Width of support in short direction
1/12 of 2.3
0.19 m <
So, Effective Short span (B)
Width of support in long direction
1/12 of 3.25
0.31 m >
So, Effective Long span (L)
Effective Short span (B)
Effective Long span (L)
Thickness of slab (ts)
Thickness of wearing coat (tw)
Density of concrete (D)
Density of wearing coat (D)
Forces due to Dead Load
Dead Load of slab
Dead Load of wearing coat
Total wt. on panel Wp
0.40 m
=
=
2.30 m
0.25 m
0.25 m
=2.3*3.92*0.2*24
=0.08*2.3*3.92*22
=2.3*3.92*0.2*24
In case of uniformly distributed load
=
0.40 m
u/B=v/L
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
3.92
2.30
3.92
0.20
0.08
24.00
22.00
m
m
m
m
m
KN/m3
KN/m3
43.24
15.85
59.09
6.56
1.00
KN
KN
kN
KN/m2
Where, u and v are dimension of spread load

For the analysis of the slab panel, Pigeaud's method will be used as the span is supported on four
sides
k is the ratio of short span to long span k = ls/ll
From Pigued's Curves Fig 3.9, Raju
(m1 for k and m2 for 1/k)
k
1/k
m1 =
m2 =
=
=
=
=
0.59
1.70
0.048
0.015
Where, m 1 and m 2 are the coefficient of moment in short and long span
MB = Wp (m 1+.15*m 2 )
ML = Wp (m 2+.15*m 1)
59.09 (0.048 + 0.15*0.015)

59.09 (0.015 + 0.15*0.48)
Considering the effect of continuity,

Shear Force due to dead load = (6.56 x 2.3)/2
MB
ML
=
=
2.97 kNm
1.31 kNm
=
=
=
2.41 kNm
1.06 kNm
7.54 kNm
Forces due to Live Load

To obtain the maximum BM, the arrangement of wheel is done as shown in the sketch below.
27K
27K
114K
114K
68K
68K
68K
68K
L-L MOMENTS DUE TOIRC CLASS "A" LOADING

Fig.: 2
For maximum BM one wheel of 57 KN is placed at centre of slab and other at 1.2m from it. Another
imaginary load of 57 KN is placed symmetrically on the other side.
Ground contact area
b=
w=
=
=
a. Wheel no. 1 (Wheel of IRC Class A loading)

P=
57
Wheel lo
u=
0.5 + 2.0 x 0.08
v=
0.25 + 2.0 x 0.08
u/B=
0.66/2.3
v/L=
0.41/3.92
k=
B/L=2.3/3.92
Load including impact factor
P = 57*1.17
From Pigued's Curves for K = 0.6
m1 =
m2 =
18
15
MB1 = Wp (m 1+.15*m 2 ) = 57 (0.18 +0.15 x 0.15)

ML1 = Wp (m 2+.15*m 1) = 57 (0.15 + 0.15 x 0.18)
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
57.00
0.66
0.41
0.29
0.10
0.59
66.87
=
=
0.18
0.15
=
=
b. Wheel No.2
Symmetrical about XX axis; unsymmetrical about YY axis
Dispersion of load along the short span
u'
=
Dispersion of load along the long span
v'
=
Intensity of wheel load including impact/m2 = (57*1.17)/(0.66*0.33) =
Case I
u' =
0.5 + 2.0 x 0.08
v' =
2x1.2+ 0.25
u'/B=
0.66/2.3
v'/L=
2.65/3.92
k=
B/L=2.3/3.92
From Pigued's Curves fig. 3.5, for K = 0.6
These values have to be multiplied by
(2.65/2)
=
1.325
=
=
=
=
=
m1 =
m2 =
11.5
3.8
0.25 m
0.5 m
=
=
KN
m
m
kN
13.54 kNm
11.84 kNm
0.66 m
0.41 m
247.10 kN/m2
0.62 m
2.65 m
0.29
0.68
0.59
0.152
0.050
Case II
u" =
0.5 + 2.0 x 0.08
v" =
2x1.2-0.25
u"'/B=
0.66/2.3
v"/L=
2.15/3.92
k=
B/L=2.3/3.92
From Pigued's Curves fig. 3.5, for K = 0.6
These values have to be multiplied by
(2.15/2)
=
1.075
=
=
=
=
=
m1 =
m2 =
13
4.3
Design values of m1 and m2 are

m1 =
0.152-0.14
m2 =
0.050-0.046
M1" =
M2" =
57/0.33 (0.013+0.15x0.004)
57/0.33 (0.004+0.15x0.013)
Total B.M. due to loads are

M1 =
13.54 + 2.29
M2 =
11.84 + 1.04
B.M. including impact and continuity
M1 =
1.17 x 0.81 x 15.83
M2 =
1.17 x 0.81 x 12.87
0.66 m
2.15 m
0.29
0.55
0.59
=
=
0.140
0.046
=
=
0.013
0.004
=
=
2.29 KNm
1.04 KNm
=
=
15.83 KNm
12.87 KNm
=
=
15.00 KNm
12.05 KNm
Shear due to class A Loading

Dispersion width in the direction of span = 0.5+2 (0.2+0.08)
For max. Shear, load should be placed at a distance of 1.06/2 from edge, x
Effective width = kx (1-x/l)+bw
Width of cross girder
Clear length of panel
Clear width
B/L
From Table 3.1, K for a continuous slab is obtained as
K
=
=
1.06 m
0.53 m
=
=
=
=
=
250 mm
3.75 m
2.30 m
1.63
2.53
Shear Due to Class A Loading

Fig. 3
Effective width = 2.53x0.53 (1-(0.53/3.75))+(0.25+2x0.08)

As distance between two axles is 1.20m, the effective widths will overlap and
net effective width per wheel = (1.56+1.2)/2
1.56 < 2.30m

=
1.38 m
Load per meter width of slab = 57/1.38

Shear force = 41.28 x (2.3-0.53)/2.3
Shear force including impact = 1.50 x 33.36
=
=
=
41.28 KN
31.77 KN
47.66 KN
Total values
Total M1 due to DL and LL
Total M2
Total S.F.
=
=
=
17.97 KNm
13.36 KNm
55.20 KN
Mb
R
=
=
17.97 KNm
1.10
d(reqd)
D
D
def
=
=
=
=
127.81
163.81
200.00
164.00
mm
mm
mm
mm
As
Ast
S
S(provided)
Ast(provi)
=
=
=
=
=
113.04
608.72
185.70
120.00
942.00
mm2
mm2
mm
mm
mm2
ML
R
def
=
=
=
13.36 kNm
1.10
152.00 mm
=
=
=
113.04 mm2
488.40 mm2
400.00 mm2
231.45 mm
150.00
753.60 mm2
= 2.97 + 15.00
= 1.31 + 12.05
= 7.54 + 47.66
DESIGN OF INTERIOR PANELS

Design BM along short span,
Effective depth required,
dbal= (M/(R*b))
d = sqrt(17.97*10^6)/(1.1*1000)
Overall depth required,

Adopt overall depth,
Effective depth,
Adopting 12 mm dia bar; area of single bar
Ast for short span = (21.25*10^6)/(200*0.9*164)
Spacing required, s = (As*bs)/Ast
Spacing provided
@120 mm c/c
12
Design BM along long span,

Effective depth available,

12
As
Ast for long span = (13.36*10^6)/(200*0.9*164)
Ast
Minimum distribution reinforcement required (0.2% of bD)
Ast
Reinforcement provided is more than minimum required
S
Adopting 12 mm dia bar
Spacing @ 150 mm c/c
Provide 12 dia. bars @ 150mm c/c
Ast(provi)
Checking for Shear Stress

100 Ast/b d =
(100*905)/(1000*164)
For solid slabs, the permissible shear in concrete =
c
c
=
=
=
0.57 %
0.32 N/mm2
0.384 N/mm2
Value of K for slab depth 200 mm = 1.2

Actual shear stress = (55.20*1000)/(1000*0.9*164)
0.374 N/mm2
<
0.384 N/mm2
Since t < tc Shear stress is within safe permissible limit.

Checking for Bond Stress
Permissible bond stress for

Actual bond stress
M20 = .8*1.4
= (55.20*1000)/(0.9*164*100/10*37.7)
1.12 N/mm2
=
<
0.99 N/mm2
1.12 N/mm2
Since, actual bond stress is within safe permissible limit.

B) ANALYSIS OF FORCES IN CANTILEVER PORTION
i) DEAD LOAD MOMENT
DESIGN OF CANTILEVER PORTION

Fig. 4
Forces due to Dead Load
1
2
3
5
Lever Arm
(m)
Weight
(kN)
Description
S.N.
Railing (1*.15*.15*2*24)
Kerb (1*.375*0.5*.25+1*.225*.5)*24
Cantilever Slab (1*0.95*0.20+.15*.5*.95*1)*24
Horizontal force at the top of the railing (1.5 kN/m)
Total
0.84
0.84
0.48
0.925
1.08
3.825
6.27
1.5
12.68
Dead Load BM
Dead Load SF
=
=
Bend.M
om.
(kNm)
0.90
3.20
2.98
1.39
8.47
8.47 kNm
12.68 kN
ii) LIVE LOAD MOMENT

Average thickness of cantilever slab
(0.35 + 0.20)/2
Distance of cg of load from edge of cantilever, a
t(average) =
0.275 m
The IRC class A loading can be placed at 150mm from the Kerb
Effective width (bef)=1.2a+bw
Where,
a = the distance of c.g. of the concentrated load from the face of the cantilever support and
bw = the breadth of the concentrated load (on the cantilever portion)
a
=
(0.95-0.25-0.3-0.225)
a
=
0.175 m
bw
bw
=
(0.25 +2 x 0.08)
=
0.41
=
(1.2*0.175+0.41)
=
0.62 m
Hence; (bef)=1.2a+bw
Load per metre width of slab

=
(114/2)/0.62
Dispersion width along cantilever =
(0.5+2*(0.08+0.2)
Some portion of dispersion width goes behind edge of cantilever
=
=
91.94 KN
1.06 m
Dispersion width in cantilever portion =

Load on cantilever
=
LL bending moment
=
=
=
=
0.705 m
61.15 KN
32.33 KNm
Mb
=
=
=
=
4
3.80
1.81
42.61
Mb
R
=
=
42.61 KNm
1.10
d(reqd)
D
D
def
=
=
=
=
196.81
232.81
350.00
302.00
mm
mm
mm
mm
As
Ast
Ast(min)
S
S(provided)
Ast(provi)
=
=
=
=
=
=
113.04
783.84
420
144.21
120.00
942.00
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm
mm
mm2
77.62
0.31
0.24
0.29
(1.06/2+0.175)
(91.94*0.705/1.06)
(1.5*61.15*0.705/2)
Pedestrian Live Load on Foot-path Cantilever Portion

Rate of LL
Total load
Moment
Total moment
=
=
=
=
4 KN/m2
(0.95 x 4)
(3.80 x 0.48)
(8.47 + 32.33 + 1.81)
KN/m2
KN
KNm
KNm
iii) Shear Force

Due to DL
Class A load
Pedestrian LL
Total Shear Force
=
=
=
=
12.68
61.15
3.80
77.62
KN
KN
KN
KN
DESIGN OF CANTILEVER PORTION

Design BM along short span,
Effective depth required,
dbal= (M/(R*b))
d = sqrt(42.61*10^6)/(0.95*1000)
Overall depth required,

Adopt overall depth,
Effective depth,
12
Ast required = (42.61*10^6)/(200*0.9*302)
Minimum reinforcements required by code=(0.12/100)x35x100
Spacing provided
@120 mm c/c
Checking for Shear Stress

Design Shear Force
100 Ast/b d =
(100*942)/(1000*302)
For solid slabs, the permissible shear in concrete =
c
c
=
=
=
=
Value of K for slab depth 200 mm = 1.2

Actual shear stress = (77.62*1000)/(1000*0.9*302)
KN
%
N/mm2
N/mm2
0.28 N/mm2
Since t < tc Shear stress is within safe permissible limit.
<
0.29 N/mm2
1.12 N/mm2
=
<
0.76 N/mm2
1.12 N/mm2
=
=
=
0.15 m
0.40 m
W/2
Checking for Bond Stress

Permissible bond stress for
Actual bond stress
M20 = .8*1.4
= (77.62*1000)/(0.9*302*100/10*37.7)
Since, actual bond stress is within safe permissible limit.
C) ANALYSIS OF FORCE IN LONGITUDINAL GIRDER
RA
RB
D E SIG N O F LO N G IT U D IN A L G IRD ERS
Fig.: 5
Forces due to Live Load (Class A Loading)

a)
Reaction factor
Reaction factor for BM
For Class A Loading
Minimum clearance from kerb
Clearance of the load point
0.15+0.25
P
Where, W = axle load of one load train

For Position of loads for maximum reaction,
Taking moment about B
2.7 RA
=
P x 3.075 + P x 1.275
RA
=
4.35 P/2.7
RA
=
0.805 W
Assuming the girders to be equal moments of inertia.
Hence reaction factor for class A Loadings is
b)
Calculation of Bending Moment due to Live Load

To accomodate as many wheels as possible on the span,
Consider wheel loads nos
Total magnitude (27x2+114x2+68x3)
Total length of loads = (1.1+3.2+1.2+4.3+3+3)
= 1.61 P
= 0.805 W
=
=
=
7.00 nos.
486.00 KN
15.8 m
Taking moment about the outer 27 KN load we get, CG of loading as

x = (27 x 1.1 + 114 x 4.3 + 114 + 5.5 + 68 x 9.8 + 68 x 12.8 + 68 x 15.8)/486
=
7.73
m
The cg of loading lies at a distance of.... from the fourth load of 114 KN.
The cg of loading
=
7.73 - (1.1+3.2+1.2)
=
2.230 m
(The load should be placed such that the midpoint of the beam is halfway between the load
and cg of the entire loading system.)
Distance of Midpoint from fourth load from the left 114 KN
Distance of Midpoint from fifth load from the right 68 KN
=
=
1.115 m
3.185 m
i) Absolute maximum B.M.

For absolute maximum B.M. to occur under 114 KN load (fourth axle from left), the centre line
of span must lie between the load and CG of load train as shown in fig. In this configuration,
Leftside distance
Rightside distance
Reaction RA =
=
27K
27K
=
10-1.115-1.2-3.2-1.1
=
3.385 m
=
10-3.185-3-3
=
0.815 m
(27 x 16.615 + 27 x 15.515 + 114 x 12.315 + 114 x 11.115 + 68 x 6.815 +
68 x 3.815 + 68 x 0.815
215.84 KN
114K
114K
CL of span
68K
68K
68K
68K
C.G. of Load Train
B
B.M. DUE TO CLASS "A" LOADING
Fig. 6
BM at E
(215.84 x 8.885 - 27 x 5.5 - 27 x 4.4 - 114 x 1.2)
=
1513.63 KN-m
Impact factor
=
1+4.5/(6 + L)
=
Absolute max. BM at E (Under 114 KN) with impact and reaction factors
For the girder
=
1.17 x 0.81 x 1513.63
=
1.17
1438.24 KN-m
ii) Maximum BM at Mid Span

For this case, the section should divide the span in the same ratio at it devides the load train.
In addition, one of the loads, which affect the load density, must be positioned on that section.
10
27K
4500
27K
1100
114K
3200
114K
1200
68K
4300
CL of span
10000
2700
10000
5000
68K
3000
20000
Max B.M. at Mid Span
Fig. 7
MO =
Maximum BM at Mid Span

=
Half span
10 m
27x(4.5/10)x5 + 27x(5.6/10)x5 + 114x(8.8/10)x5 + 114x5 + 68x(5.7/10)x5 +

68x(2.7/10)x5
=
1493.55 KN-m
<
Maximum BM at Mid Span including impact
=
1.17 x 0.81 x 1604.85
1513.63 KN-m
:
=
1419.16 KN-m
iii) Maximum BM at Quarter Span

27K
700
1100
27K
114K
3200
114K
68K
1200
4300
68K
3000
3000
68K
500
3000
15000
3750
5000
68K
5000
15000
Max B.M. at Quarter Span

Fig. 8
Maximum BM at 1/4th Span

=
=
MO =
3.75
Half span
10 m
27x(0.7/5)x3.75 + 27x(1.8/5)x3.75 + 114x3.75 + 114x(13.8/15)x3.75 +

68x(9.5/15)x3.75 + 68x(6.5/15)x3.75 + 68x(3.5/15)x3.75 + 68x(0.5/15)x3.75
1211.43 KN-m
Maximum BM at Quarter Span including impact and reaction factors

=
1.17 x 0.81 x 1211.43
=
1151.09 KN-m
11
SHEAR FORCE CALCULATION

For maximum shear force at the ends of the girder, the load must be placed between the
support and first intermediate cross-girder. For class A loading, minimum clearence from the
kerb is 0.15m. So the distance of load center from kerb is 0.4m. The load arrangement for the
heaviest axle loads are as shown in the figure below.
375
1350
2700
1350
1800
4000
SHEAR FORCE CALCULATION
Fig. 9
Treating the slabs as simply supported, we first find out the reactions.
P1
=
(3.075/2.7) P + (1.27/2.7) P
=
P2
=
(1.425/2.7) P
=
RA
RB
=
1.61 P
=
P1 and P2 have to be further transferred to end points of the girders.
RA
=
(1.8/3.5) x 1.61 P
RD
=
(1.2/3.5) x 1.61 P
RB
=
(1.8/3.5) x 0.528 P
RE
=
(1.2/3.5) x 0.528 P
RD and RE have to be distributed according to Courbon's Theory.
W
=
0.552 P + 0.181 P
Let x be the distance of cg from D.
x
=
(1/0.733 P) (0.181 P x 2.70)
e
=
1.35 - 0.666
2
=
(1.35)^2 + (0)^2 + (1.35)^2
X
Reaction
RD
=
0.733/2 (1 + (2x0.684x1.35)/3.645)
1.61 P
0.53 P
0.53 P
=
=
=
=
0.83
0.55
0.27
0.18
P
P
P
P
0.73 P
=
=
=
0.667 P
0.684 m
3.645 m
0.55 P
This reaction RD and RE act as point loads on the longitudinal girders at 1/4th span
RA
=
(15/20) x 0.55 P
=
0.41 P
Total Shear
RA
1.61 P + 0.83 P + 0.41 P
Maximum Shear at ends including impact factor.

For the girder
=
1.17 x 2.85 x 57
2.85 P
190.13 KN
12
SHEAR AT ENDS DUE TO THE OTHERS LOADS

According to IRC, for loads more than 5.5m away from either supports, distribution of load for
finding shear forces will be same as for bending moments.
114K 114K
1200.0
68K
4300.0
68K
68K
3000.0
3000.0
68K
3000.0
5500
R1
Rr
Loading for end Shear
Fig. 10
Reaction at left support due to 68 KN load,

RL
(1/20) (68x14.5+68x11.5+68x8.5+68x5.5)
For the girder with impact

Total for the girder
=
=
1.17*0.81*129.52
190.13+122.75
129.52 KN
=
=
122.75 KN
312.88 KN
SHEAR AT INTERMEDIATE POINTS

a) S. F. at Mid Span
27K
4500
27K
1100
114K
3200
1200
1/2
(-)
10000
114K
68K
4300
68K
3000
2700
(+)
1/2 I.L. for S.F. at mid span
10000
S.F. at Mid Span

Fig. 11
Maximum positive S. F.
(-27*4.5*0.5/10-27*5.6*0.5/10 +114*0.5+114*8.8*0.5/10+
=
68*5.7*0.5/10+68*2.7*0.5/10)
=
122.09 KN
S. F. in the girder with impact

=
1.17*0.81*122.09
=
115.70 KN
13
b) S. F. at 3/8 Span
27K
3200
27K
114K
1100
3200
114K
68K
1200
4300
68K
3000
68K
3000.0
1000
5/8(+)
(-)
3/8 I.L. for S.F. AT 3/8 th span
7500
12500
S.F. at 3/8 th Span

Fig. 12
(-27*3.2*0.375/7.5-27*4.3*0.375/7.5+114*0.625+114*11.3*0.625/12.5
=
+68*7*0.625/12.5+68*4*0.625/12.5+68*1*0.625/12.5)
166.34 KN

=
1.17*0.81*166.34
=
157.64 KN
c) S. F. at 1/4 Span
27K
700
1100
27K
114K
3200
114K
1200
3/4
(-)
68K
4300
68K
3000
68K
3000
68K
3000
500
(+)
1/4 I.L. for S.F. at quarter span
5000
15000
S.F. at Quarter Span
Fig. 13
(-27*0.7*0.25/5- 27*1.8*0.25/5+114*0.75 +114*13.8*0.75/15
=
+68*9.5*0.75/15+68*6.5*0.75/15+68*3.5*0.75/15+68*0.5*0.75/15)
=
228.79 KN

=
1.17*0.81*228.79
=
216.82 KN
14
CENTRAL POSITION OF LOAD

Reaction Factor for B. M.
In the previous section, we have positioned the class A load for the maximum eccentricity so
that most severe cases for single girder were found out. However, for both girders, severe
case occurs when the load train occupies centra position.
450.0
180 0.0
45 0.0
B
RB
RB
27 00.0
C E N TR A L PO S ITIO N O F L O A D
Fig. 14
In this case, since there is no eccentricity,

RA
(2.25/2.7) P + 0.45/2.7 P
=
=
1.0 P
0.5
0.25 W
Where, W
=
axle load i.e. 2P
So the B.M. and S. F. for the girder in this section are lower than the eccentricity position.
Dead Load B.M. and S. F. in Girders
4000
7.94K
4000
7.94K
4000
7.94K
4000
7.94K
4000
7.94K
7.94K
B
39.01 KN/m
2
4
0
M M
20000
Fig. 15
Reaction at L-girder
Dead load from each cantilever portion

Dead load from slab and wearing coat
Dead load from fillet
(0.5*0.2*0.2*24)
Total Dead load from deck
(2*12.68+3.2*6.56+2*0.48)
=
=
=
=
12.68
6.56
0.48
47.30
KN/m
KN/m
KN/m
KN/m
15
563.25
152
1084.75
1800
563.25
200
2700
400
Design of section
Fig. 16, Section of L-Girder
Assuming this load to be equally shared by the two girders.

Dead load per meter
=
Assuming depth of girder =
Weight of rib
=
Total udl on girder
=
47.30/2
1.80 m
(1.80 - 0.2)*0.4*24
23.65 + 15.36
=
=
=
=
Let total depth of cross girder

=
Weight of rib
=
Total length of cross girder =
1.35 m
(1.35-0.2)*0.25*24
2.3 m
=
=
=
23.65
1.80
15.36
39.01
KN/m
m
KN/m
KN/m
1.35 m
6.9 KN/m
2.3 m
Assuming the weight of cross girders to be shared equally by the two girders.
Point load on each girder
=
(1/2*2.3*6.9)
=
7.94 KN
RA
=
1/2*(39.01*20+6*7.94) =
413.92 KN
Dead Load B. M.
B.M. at mid span
B.M. at 1/4 span
=
=
(413.92*10-7.94*10-7.94*6-7.94*2-39.01*10^2/2
2045.77 KN-m
=
=
(413.92*5-7.94*5-7.94*1-39.01*5^2/2
1534.33 KN-m
Dead Load S. F.
S. F. at support
S. F. at 1/4 span
S. F. at 3/8 span
(ie. 7.875m from support)
S. F. at mid span (slightly left)
S.F. at mid span (slightly right)
S. F. at mid span
BM absolute
BM at l/2;
BM at l/4;
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
413.92 KN
(413.92-2*7.94-39.01*5)
202.99 KN
(413.92-2*7.94-39.01*7.5)
105.46 KN
(413.92-3*7.94-39.01*10)
0.00 KN
0.00 KN
0 KN
M(a)
M(l2)
M(l4)
=
=
=
1438.24 kNm
1419.16 kNm
1151.09 kNm
16
c)
Calculation of Shear Force due to Live Load

V0
V(l4)
V(3l8)
V(l2)
SF at l0;
SF at l/4;
SF at 3l/8;
SF at l/2;
=
=
=
=
312.88
216.82
157.64
115.70
kN
kN
kN
kN
Design Forces
Design BM = BM due to dead load + BM due to live load
Section
BM at l/2;
BM at l/4;
Due to Dead Load
Due to Live Load
2045.77
1534.33
Design BM
3464.93 kNm
2685.41 kNm
1419.16
1151.09
Design SF = SF due to dead load + SF due to live load

Section
SF at l0;
SF at l/4;
SF at 3l/8;
SF at l/2;
Due to Dead Load

413.92
202.99
105.46
0.00
Due to Live Load
Design SF
726.80
419.81
263.10
115.70
312.88
216.82
157.64
115.70
kN
kN
kN
kN
C) Design of Longitudinal Beam

Calculation of Flange Width
Effective flange width for T-beam section shall be least of the following
1/4 th of the effective span, 1/4 x 21
a)
b)
c/c of beam
2.7
c)
12*ds + dr
0.4 + 12*.2
d)
2* distance of center of beam with the end of cantilever slab
Adopted flange width, Bf
Bf
The beam is designed as a T-section.
Calculation of Main reinforcement
Maximum bending moment at mid span
Overall Depth of Girder
Clear cover
Clear gap between two bars
Assume effective depth of beam
Approximate lever arm
1745-200/2
Area of steel required,
M/(Ds j)
Adopting 32 mm dia bars; area of one bar
Nos of bars required
Providing
Area provided
Mmax
deff
japp
32 mm
N
32 mm
32 mm
=
=
=
=
=
5.00
2.70
2.80
2.30
2.30
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
>
3464.93
1800.00
40.00
30.00
1744.00
1644.00
11709.01
804.61
14.55
16.00
12873.73
11709.01
m
m
m
m
m
kNm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm2
mm2
Nos
Nos
mm2
mm2
17
Actual effective depth of beam = 1800-40-32x3-16
1648.00 mm
Checking stress in Concrete and Reinforcing Steel

Distance of the CG of the group of bars from the bottom of beam,
Effective depth
=
=
186.00 mm
1614.00 mm
G4
G4
G3
G1
G2
G2
G1
G1
G1
G1
G1
G1
G1
G1
G1
32
32
32
32
40
32 -16 NOS
G3
32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32
12 -4 LEGGED STIRRUPS
40
40
400
ARRANGEMENT OF BARS
Fig.: 1.9
Assuming the central axis lies in the web and neglecting the compression in the web, the distance of
central axis from the flange top 'n' is determined by equating the moment of the area of concrete in
compression to the moment of the equivalent area of steel in tension about the neutral axis.
Assuming neutral axis to fall in the rib
b * ds[n-ds/2]
=
m*As*[d-n],
n = (m*As*d+b*ds 2/2)/(b*ds+m*As)
n = (10*12873.73*1648+2300*200^2/2)/(200*1648+10*12873.73)
n
=
563.25 mm
Lever arm, a = d - ds/2 + (ds^2/(6(2n-ds))
a = d - ds/2 + (ds^2/(6(2n-ds))
a = 1648 - 200/2 + (200^2/(6(2x563.25-200))
a
=
1566.35 mm
Stress in Compression Zone
M.R.
c
=
=
=
<
b*ds*c*(1+(n-ds)/n)*a
M.R./(b*ds*c*(1+(n-ds)/n)*a)
2.92 N/mm2
8.3 N/mm2
Safe
Stress in Tensile Zone

M.R.
=
Ast . st . a
st(av)
=
M.R./(Ast . a)
=
171.83 N/mm2
Stress in bottom layer
st(bot)
=
181.33 N/mm2
18
<
200 N/mm2
Safe
Since the stresses in concrete and steel are less than those allowable values the section is safe
Area of steel at 1/4 span
Total BM at 1/4
Ast
=
=
=
=
=
Nos of 32 dia. bars

Provide 14 bars
2685.41 KN
(2685.41*10^6)/(200*0.9*1648)
9052.77 mm2
11 Nos
Provide nos.
11256 mm2
14
Curtailment of bars
No. of bars at mid span
No. of bars at 1/4 span
=
=
16 no. of 32 dia. bars

14 no. of 32 dia. bars
Development length, Ld
(32x190)/(4x1.12)
Taking s (on safe side)

bd
1.4 x 0.8
and
Ld
Ld (adopted)
=
=
=
=
190
1.12
1357.14
2
Distance from mid point where 2 bars can be curtailed

x=20/2 x sqrt(2/16)
x
=
3.54
Total distance = 3.54 + 2
=
5.54
Say
6.00
x=20/2 x sqrt(4/16)
x
=
5.00
Total distance = 5.0 + 2.0
=
7.00
Say
7.50
x=20/2 x sqrt(6/16)
x
=
6.12
Total distance = 7.50 + 1.4
=
8.12
Say
9.00
1000
1500
1500
N/mm2
N/mm2
mm
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
6000
10000
Curtailment of bars
Flg. 17
19
Check for local bond stress at support

b
=
V/(j. d. o)
=
(726.80 x 1000)/(0.9 x 1648 x 10 x 3.14 x 32)
=
0.49 N/mm2
<
1.12 N/mm2
Safe
Check for Shear
a) Mid Span
Vmid
=
115.70 KN
Nominal Shear Shress
=
(115.70 x 1000)/(400 x 1648)
=
0.18 N/mm2
100As/bd
=
(100 x 12874)/(400 x 1648)
=
1.95 %
For the above percentage of steel, allowable shear stress without
shear reinforcement (c) as per IRC: 21-2000; Clause 304.7.1.3
c
=
0.51 N/mm2
Permissible
Maximum allowable shear stress for M25 concrete = 0.07*f ck
(cmax),
=
1.75 N/mm2
Shear reinforcement shall be provided to carry a shear Vs;
Vs = V-c*b*d
397.20 KN
=
452.00 mm2
Providing 12 mm dia., 4 legged bars, area of shear reinforcement
Spacing required, s = (4*113*200*1732.57)/(702*1000)= 305 mm
375.1 mm
Spacing required for minimum shear reinforcement
=
375.1 mm
(As per IRC: 21-2000; minimum spacing is 300 mm)
Spacing provided
=
150.0 mm
Provide 12 mm, 4 legged bars, spacing @150mm c/c up to one third of span from support, @
200 mm c/c between mid part.
b) 3/8th span
Shear force
=
263.10 KN
=
(263.10 x 1000)/(400 x 1648)
=
0.40 N/mm2
100As/bd
=
(100 x 14x804)/(400 x 1648)
=
1.71 %
<
0.48 N/mm2
Hence, shear reinforcement is to be provided.
Providing 12 dia., 4-legged vertical stirrups,
Spacing
Sv
=
sv x Asv x d)/V
=
(200x4x113x1648)/(263.10x1000)
=
566.25 mm
Allowing the stirrups to take full shear
c) 1/4th span
Shear force
V
=
419.81 KN
=
(419.81 x 1000)/(400 x 1648)
=
0.64 N/mm2
100As/bd
=
(100 x 9648)/(400 x 1648)
=
1.46 %
>
0.45 N/mm2
20

Spacing
Sv
=
sv x Asv x d)/V
=
(200x4x113x1648)/424.25x1000)
=
351.16 mm
d) At support
Shear force
=
726.80 KN
=
(726.80 x 1000)/(400 x 1648)
=
1.10 N/mm2
100As/bd
=
(100 x 9648)/(400 x 1648)
=
1.22 %
>
0.44 N/mm2
Spacing
Sv
=
sv x Asv x d)/V
=
(200x4x113x1648)/(732.01x1000)
=
204.98 mm
Hence, provide 12 dia., 4-legged vertical stirrups in the following way :
i) For 8.0 m from support @ 15cm c/c
ii) For remaining central part, 4.0m @ 20cm c/c
Calculation of Side Face Reinforcement
Provide side face reinforcement @ 0.1% of the sectional area of the beam,
Area of side reinforcement; As = (.1*.001*400*1800)
Providing 12 mm dia of bars; area of single bar
No. of bars required
Provide
Therefore provide 12 mm bars, 5 nos. at each face
=
=
=
=
720.0
113.0
6.4
10.0
mm2
mm2
mm2
Nos
D) DESIGN OF CROSS GIRDER

For class A loading the load position which produces maximum B.M. in cross girder is shown below.
DESIGN OF CROSS GIRDER
4000
4000
57 KN
450
1800
57 KN
450
2700
57 KN
57 KN
2700
Live Load
Fig. 18
21
Assuming the cross girder as rigid, reaction on each longitudinal girder is

=
(2 x 57)/2
=
57 KN
Max. B.M. in cross girder under load
=
(57 (0.45 + 1.8) - 57 x 1.8
=
25.65 KNm
Impact factor
=
4.5/(6.0 + L)
=
0.52 > 0.5
Hence, adopting impact factor
=
0.52
B.M. including impact = 1.52 x 25.65
=
38.99 KNm
Live load shear including impact
=
86.64 KN
Forces due to Dead load
Self weight of cross girder (rib only)
Dead load of slab and wearing coat
=
=
=
1.15 x 0.25 x 24
6.90 KN/m
6.56 KN/m2
DESIGN OF CROSS GIRDER

1350
800
1350
2700
13.67 KN/m
2700
3500
Dead Load
Fig. 19
Each cross girder gets the triangular load from each side of the slab
Dead load from slab
=
2 (2.7^2 x .25 x 6.56)
=
23.91 KN
Assuming this to be udl
Dead load per meter run
=
23.91/2.7
=
8.86 KN/m
Total Dead load = 6.90 + 7.67
=
15.76 KN/m
Assuming cross girder to be rigid
Each reaction (15.76 x 2.7)/2
=
21.27 KN
DL B.M. at mid = 21.27 x 1.35-15.76x1.35^2/2
14.36 KNm
Total B.M. = 38.99+14.36
M
=
53.35 KNm
Total S.F. = 86.64+21.27
V
=
107.91 KN
DESIGN OF SECTION
Design Bending Moment
Design Shear Force
Total depth of beam
Width of rib
Using 20 dia. bars
Effective depth of bars = 1300-40-20/2
M
V
D
b
=
=
=
=
53.35
107.91
1300 mm
250 mm
def
1250 mm
22
Area of steel (Ast)

Ast = (53.35x10^6)/(200x0.9x1250)
Additional area of steel = (0.3/100) (250x1300)
Total area of steel = 237.09+975
Area of single bar
Provide 5 nos. of 20 dia. bars, Ast
=
=
=
=
=
=
>
Ast
20
N
Shear Reinforcement
Design Shear Force
Shear stress = (107.91x10^6)/(250x0.9x1250)
100 As/bd = (100x1570)/(250x1250)
Permissible shear stress
237.09
975.00
1212.09
314.00
3.86
1570.00
1212.09
=
107.91
=
0.38
=
0.50
=
0.3
<
0.38
Shear reinforcement has to be provided allowing the shear reinforcement to take full shear
Spacing for 10 dia. 2-leggedvertical stirrups
=(1*200*78.5*1250)/(107.91*1000)
=
363.73
Spacing required for minimum shear reinforcement
(AS per IRC: 21-2000; minimum spacing is 300 mm c/c)
Provide 10 dia. 2-legged stirrups @ 200 mm c/c throughtout
BOND STRESS
b
=
=
=
<
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm
nos.
mm2
mm2
KN
N/mm2
%
N/mm2
N/mm2
mm
V/(j. d. o)
(107.91 x 1000)/(0.9 x 1250 x 4X3.14X20)
0.38 N/mm2
1.12 N/mm2
Safe
Calculation of Side Face Reinforcement

Provide side face reinforcement @ 0.1% of the sectional area of the beam,
Area of side reinforcement; As = (.1*.001*250*1300)
Providing 12 mm dia of bars; area of single bar
Provide
Therefore provide 12 mm bars, 4 nos. at each face
325.0
113.0
2.9
8.0
mm2
mm2
mm2
Nos
200
1300
COMPRESSION STEEL
Provide 2-20 dia. bars at top
=
=
=
=
5-D20
250
DESIGN OF LONGITUDINAL GIRDERS
Fig. 20
23

Jutpani SS20

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Design Calculation _Jutpani Nalla Bridge

SUPERSTRUCTURE OF JUTPANI NALLA BRIDGE, KAILAL

M25 - Abutment caps and pier caps

N/mm2 (for longitudinal bars)

Maximum bond stress (MPa)

Design Calculation _Jutpani Nalla Bridge

Compressive stress in bending

ANALYSIS OF FORCES AND DESIGN OF MEMBERS

Design Calculation _Jutpani Nalla Bridge

In case of uniformly distributed load

Where, u and v are dimension of spread load

59.09 (0.048 + 0.15*0.015)

Considering the effect of continuity,

Design Calculation _Jutpani Nalla Bridge

Forces due to Live Load

L-L MOMENTS DUE TOIRC CLASS "A" LOADING

a. Wheel no. 1 (Wheel of IRC Class A loading)

MB1 = Wp (m 1+.15*m 2 ) = 57 (0.18 +0.15 x 0.15)

Design Calculation _Jutpani Nalla Bridge

Design values of m1 and m2 are

Total B.M. due to loads are

Shear due to class A Loading

Shear Due to Class A Loading

Effective width = 2.53x0.53 (1-(0.53/3.75))+(0.25+2x0.08)

1.56 < 2.30m

Design Calculation _Jutpani Nalla Bridge

Load per meter width of slab = 57/1.38

DESIGN OF INTERIOR PANELS

Overall depth required,

Design BM along long span,

Adopting 12 mm dia bar; area of single bar

Checking for Shear Stress

For solid slabs, the permissible shear in concrete =

Value of K for slab depth 200 mm = 1.2

Since t < tc Shear stress is within safe permissible limit.

Design Calculation _Jutpani Nalla Bridge

Permissible bond stress for

Since, actual bond stress is within safe permissible limit.

DESIGN OF CANTILEVER PORTION

Forces due to Dead Load

ii) LIVE LOAD MOMENT

Design Calculation _Jutpani Nalla Bridge

Load per metre width of slab

Dispersion width in cantilever portion =

Pedestrian Live Load on Foot-path Cantilever Portion

iii) Shear Force

DESIGN OF CANTILEVER PORTION

Overall depth required,

Checking for Shear Stress

Value of K for slab depth 200 mm = 1.2

Design Calculation _Jutpani Nalla Bridge

Since t < tc Shear stress is within safe permissible limit.

Checking for Bond Stress

Since, actual bond stress is within safe permissible limit.

C) ANALYSIS OF FORCE IN LONGITUDINAL GIRDER

D E SIG N O F LO N G IT U D IN A L G IRD ERS

Forces due to Live Load (Class A Loading)

Where, W = axle load of one load train

Calculation of Bending Moment due to Live Load

Taking moment about the outer 27 KN load we get, CG of loading as

Design Calculation _Jutpani Nalla Bridge

i) Absolute maximum B.M.