Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Reminders:
1. You will not know every question you see here in this packet and that is to be expected. I gave you all of
the questions so that you can see that you will feel comfortable with a certain amount.
2. We focused our studies really from Bismarck and German unification through Khrushchev. IB has
teachers only focus on about 100 yearsnot all possible topics. Thus, you are better prepared to go into
detail on particular questions and not just skim over your answers.
3. When you take the test, cell phones, pagers, etc. are not allowed in the examining room.
4. You must take black or blue ink pens for all written texts.
5. Take time to plan your answers. This planning will help your answers be stronger.
6. Remember that with Paper II, you answer TWO questions, each from a different section.
7. Remember that with Paper III, you answer THREE questions.
Paper II--2002
Topic I: Causes, Practices and Effects of War
1. To what extent has any twentieth century war changed the role of women?
2. How far do you agree with the view of some recent historians that Chamberlains appeasement of Hitler
at Munich was NOT a mistake?
3. The First and Second World Wars were European civil wars that required outside intervention to
settle. How far do you agree with this quotation?
4. Examine the extent to which guerilla warfare has been successful since 1945 in any two wars each
chosen from a different region.
5. In what ways did Trumans policy of limited warfare in Korea set the pattern of military conflict up to
1990?
Topic 3: The Rise and the rule of Single Party States
1. Analyze the conditions which led to the establishment of two single party states each chosen from a
different region.
2. How and why have religious groups a) opposed, and b) supported single party regimes?
3. Assess the success and failure of two rulers of single party regimes, each chosen from a different region,
in solving the social and economic problems of their countries.
4. To what extent was the success of Stalin in retaining power in the USSR between 1929 and 1953 due to
the appeal of Communism?
5. Examine the impact outside their own countries of two of the following: Fidel Castro, Gamel Abdel
Nasser, Julius Nyerere, Mao Zedong.
Topic 5: The Cold War
1. Assess the significance for the development of the Cold War between 1945 and 1950 of three of the
following:
a. The Yalta Conference, 1945
b. The Iron Curtain speech, 1946
c. The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan, 1947
d. The expulsion of Yugoslavia from the Soviet block, 1948
e. The Berlin Blockade and Airlift, 1948-1949
f. The formation of NATO, 1949.
2. A different kind of Cold War. To what extent is this a valid statement about the Cold War after 1953?
3. Explain how East/West relations a) affected and b) how the were affected by one of the following areas:
the Middle East, Latin America, Asia, Africa.
4. Using specific examples, evaluate the successes and/or failures of Dtente.
5. What role did economic issues play in ending the Cold War?
1999 Paper II
Topic 1: Causes, practices and effects of war
1.
2.
3.
4.
To what extent can it be said that the First World War was caused by the alliance system?
Evaluate the role of ideological differences in two civil wars each chosen from a different region.
In what ways and for what reasons have tactics changed in twentieth century warfare?
How valid is the claim that treaties are not necessary to end wars? Support your answer with evidence
from at least two regions.
5. Explain with specific examples from their work, how artists have reacted to two of the following:
Mexican Revolution, Spanish Civil War, Vietnam War.
Topic 3: The Rise and the rule of single party states
1. Single party states use education as propaganda to obtain support rather than to instill (increase)
knowledge. How far do you agree with this judgment?
2. In what ways and for what reasons did China develop its own brand of Marxism/Communism under
Mao Zedong?
3. To what extent was Spain under Franco (1939 to 1975) a Fascist state?
4. How far is it true to say that a successful foreign policy is the most important factor for a single party
ruler to remain in power? Examples should be given from two countries each chosen from a different
region.
5. In the twentieth century right-wing single party states have often been the result of a conservative
reaction to change whilst the left-wing single party states have achieved power as the outcome of a
revolutionary process against tradition. Using examples from at least two regions explain how far you
agree with this quotation.
Topic 5: The Cold War
1. Ideological differences played only a minor role in the origin and development of the Cold War. How
far do you agree with this statement?
2. In what ways and for what reasons did the Cold War affect the Middle East?
3. Analyze the importance of spheres of interest for one of the superpowers in the Cold War.
4. Assess the importance in the development of the Cold War of two of the following: the Yalta
Conference; Berlin; the arms race; non-alignment; South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO).
5. Examine the impact of the Cold War on the social life and culture of two countries each chosen from a
different region.
1998 TestPaper II
Topic 1: Causes, practices and effects of war
1. To what extent should Germany be held responsible for causing both the First and Second World Wars?
2. Why was there so much civil strife and civil war in China during the first half of the twentieth century?
3. Compare and contrast the outcome and effects of two revolutionary wars, each chosen from a different
region.
4. How and why has guerilla warfare been used in the twentieth century? Examples should be given from
at least two different regions.
5. Explain the impact of war on two of the following: women, the arts, the media.
Topic 3: The Rise and rule of single party states
1. Account for the rise to power of either Juan Peron or Francisco Franco, and assess the impact upon
either Argentina or Spain of your chosen ruler.
2. To what extent is it true to say that a successful economic policy is the most important factor for a single
party ruler to remain in power? Examples should be given from two countries each chosen from a
different region.
3. Compare and contrast the foreign policies of two rulers of single party states, each chosen from a
different region.
4. To what extent was Hitler a) responsible for, and b) driven by ideological beliefs of Nazism?
5. How far would you agree that single party states have been more interested in controlling the minds of
young people than in providing genuine education?
Topic 5: The Cold War
1. Examine the conflicting aims and policies of rival powers which caused the Cold War.
2. Assess the importance of two of the following in influencing the development of the Cold War: Marshall
Aid, Warsaw Pact, arms control, dtente.
3. Examine the impact of the Cold War on two countries (excluding the superpowers), each chosen from a
different region.
4. The build up of missiles in Cuba in 1962 was a deliberate, provocative and unjustified action. To what
extent do you agree with this statement?
5. What were the main social and cultural consequences of the Cold War?
2004Paper III
1. To what extent did the actions and policies of Louis XVI cause the outbreak, and affect the course, of the
French Revolution until 1793?
2. Analyze the effects of the policies upon France, of either Napoleon I between 1800 and 1815, or Charles
X between 1824 and 1830.
3. Assess the main weaknesses up to 1848 of the Vienna Settlement and the Congress System.
4. Victorian Britains most successful prime minister. To what extent do you agree with this assessment
of Gladstone?
5. Compare and contrast the contributions made by Cavour and Garibaldi to Italian unification.
6. Why was Germany unified under Prussia and not under Austria?
7. Why did Napoleon III become Emperor of France in 1852 and lose his empire in 1870?
8. The emancipation of the serfs in Russia was the only genuine reform introduced by Alexander II. To
what extent do you agree with this assertion?
9. Analyze the successes and failures of Bismarcks domestic policies between 1871 and 1890.
10. Assess the impact on nineteenth century Europe of two of the following: imperialism; industrialization;
urbanization.
11. Examine the main political and economic developments in Spain in the second half of the nineteenth
century.
12. Why was the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary formed in 1867, and dissolved after the First World
War?
13. To what extent, and with what results, did educational reforms take place in one European country in
either the nineteenth or the twentieth century?
14. Why did Germany and her allies lose the First World War?
15. Assess the part played by Lenin in the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution and in the new Soviet State until his
death in 1924.
16. Compare and contrast the economic problems faced by two European countries between 1919 and 1939.
17. Analyze the impact of Hitler either on Finland or on one Scandinavian country between 1933 and 1945.
18. To what extent were the aims of Mussolinis domestic and foreign policies achieved between 1923 and
1939?
19. In what ways, and to what extent, did foreign aid to both the Nationalists and the Republicans between
1936 and 1939 contribute to the outcome of the Spanish Civil War?
20. How important were appeasement and the collapse of the League of Nations as causes of the Second
World War?
21. Assess the impact of the foreign policy of either Stalin between 1941 and 1953 or Khrushchev between
1956 and 1964, on the USSR and Europe.
22. In what ways, and with what results, did one western European country recover from postwar problems
between 1945 and 1970?
23. What were the main political and economic problems faced by one central or eastern European country
(excluding the USSR) between 1945 and 1990?
24. Considering the difficulties he faced, the success achieved by Gorbachev was remarkable. To what
extent do you agree with this judgment?
25. Why did twentieth century Europe experience an increase in the availability and popularity of sport and
other leisure activities?