CHEM 542 - Applied Statistics and Data Analysis

Final Exam 2015

Due December 14th by 5 pm
1.
a.
A fair die is rolled ten times. What is the probability of obtaining the
outcome 6 exactly three times?
b.
A fair die is repeatedly rolled. What is the probability that the outcome 6
is obtained for the fourth time on the twentieth roll?
c.
A fair die is rolled nine times. What is the probability of obtaining the
outcomes 5 and 6 both exactly 2 times each?
2.

Suppose that a box contains 40 items of which 4 are defective. If a random

sample of 5 items is chosen, what is the probability that it contains no more than
one defective item?

3.

The amount of sugar contained in 1-kg packets is actually normally distributed

with a mean of = 1.03 kg and a standard deviation of = 0.014 kg.
a.

What proportion of sugar packets are underweight?

b.
If an alternative package filling machine is used for which the weights of
the packets are normally distributed with a mean of = 1.05 kg and a standard
deviation of = 0.016 kg, does this result in an increase or decrease in the
proportion of underweight packets?
4.

are

A commuter must pass through three traffic lights on her way to work. For each
light, the probability that it is green when she arrives is 0.6. The lights are
independent.
a.
What is the probability that all three lights are green?
b.
The commuter goes to work 5 days per week. Let X be the number of
times out of 5 days that all three lights are green. Assume the days
independent of one another. What is the distribution of X?
c.
Find P(X=3).

5.

The fill volume of cans filled by a certain machine is normally distributed with a
mean 12.05 oz and standard deviation 0.03 oz.
a.
What proportion of cans contain less than 12 oz?
b.
The process mean can be adjusted through calibration. To what value
should the mean be set so that 99% of the cans will contain 12 oz
or more?
c.
If the process mean remains at 12.05 oz, what must the standard deviation
be so that 99 % of the cans will contain 12 oz or more?
6.
A certain chemical process is run 10 times at a temperature of 65C and 10 times
at a temperature of 80C. The yield of each run was measured as a percent of a
theoretical maximum. The data are presented in the following table.
65 C
80 C

71.3
90.3

69.1
90.8

70.3
91.2

69.9
90.7

71.1
89.0

70.7
89.7

69.8
91.3

68.5
91.2

70.9
89.7

69.8
91.9

a.

For each temperature, estimate the mean yield and the uncertainty of the
estimate.

b.

Estimate the difference between the mean yields at the two temperatures,
and find the uncertainty of the estimate.

7.
Of the bolts manufactured for a certain application, 90 % meet the length
specification and can be used immediately, 6% are too long and can be used after being
cut, and 4% are too short and must be scrapped.
a.

Find the probability that a randomly selected bolt can be used (either
immediately or after being cut).

b.

Find the probability that fewer than 9 out of 10 bolts can be used (either
immediately or after being cut).

8.
A chromatography method used to purify a protein also destroys some of it, in a
process called denaturation. A particular method recovers a mean of 55% (0.55) of the
protein and has a standard deviation of 0.15. The amount recovered is normally
distributed.
a.

In a certain industrial process, one cannot afford to have a recovery of less

than 0.30 more than 5% of the time. Does this process meet this
requirement? Explain.

b.

In another process, the recovery must be more than 0.50 at least 95% of
the time. If the mean recovery is normally distributed with a mean of
0.60, what is the largest value the standard deviation can have that will
meet the requirement?

9. In a random sample of 100 batteries produced by a certain method, the average

lifetime was 150 hours and the standard deviation was 25 hours.
a.

Find a 95% confidence interval for the mean lifetime of batteries

produced by this method.

b.

Find a 99% confidence interval for the mean lifetime of batteries

produced by this method.

c.

An engineer claims that the mean lifetime is between 147 and 153
hours. With what level of confidence can this statement be made?

d.

Approximately how many batteries must be sampled so that a 95%

confidence interval will specify the mean to within 2 hours?

e.

Approximately how many batteries must be sampled so that a 99%

confidence interval will specify the mean to within 2 hours?

10. Six measurements were made of the concentration (in percent) of ash in a certain
variety of spinach. The sample mean was 19.35 and the sample standard
deviation was 0.577.
a. Find a 95% confidence interval for the concentration of ash.
b. Find a 98% confidence interval for the concentration of ash.
c. If the six measurements had been 19.26, 19.50, 19.64, 18.26, 19.93, 19.51,
would the confidence intervals in parts (a) and (b) be valid? Explain.

11. The following absorption results were obtained for determinations of Zn in a

multivitamin tablet. All absorbance values were corrected for the appropriate
reagent blank (cZn=0.0 ng/mL). The mean value for the blank was 0.000 with a
standard deviation of 0.0047 absorbance units.
cZn, ng/mL
5.0
5.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
Tablet Sample
Tablet Sample
Tablet Sample

A
0.0519
0.0463
0.0485
0.0980
0.1033
0.0925
0.0672
0.0614
0.0661

a.

Find the mean absorbance values for the 5.0 and 10.0 ng/mL standards and
for the tablet sample.

b.

Find the least-squares best line through the points at cZn=0.0, 5.0, and
10.0 ng/mL.

c.

Find the concentration of Zn in the tablet sample and the standard

deviation in the concentration.

12.

Three different analytical methods are compared for determining Ca. We are
interested in knowing whether the methods differ. The results shown here
represent ppm Ca determined by colorimetry, EDTA titration and atomic
absorption spectrometery
Repetition No.

Colorimetry

EDTA Titration

1
2
3
4
5

3.92
3.28
4.18
3.53
3.35

2.99
2.87
2.17
3.40
3.92

Atomic
Absorption
4.40
4.92
3.51
3.97
4.59

a) State the null and alternative hypothesis.

b) Determine whether there are differences in the three methods at the 95 % and
99 % confidence levels.
c) If a difference was found at the 95 % confidence level, determine which
methods differ from each other.
13.

The following are 3 sets of data for the atomic mass of antimony.
Set 1
121.771
121.787
121.787
121.781

Set 2
121.784
121.758
121.765
121.794

Set 3
121.752
121.784
121.765

a) Determine the mean and the standard deviation of each data set.
b) Determine the 95 % confidence intervals for each data set.
c) Determine whether the 121.803 value in the first data set is an outlier for that
set at a 95 % confidence level.
d) Compare the means of all three data sets by ANOVA. Determine whether the
means differ at the 95 % confidence level.

14.

Using R and the white wine data is posted with this exam:
a.
Calculate the Mean and standard deviation of each of the numerical
variables.
b.
Are there any variables that show correlation with wine quality?
c.
Do any of the variables have outliers?
d.
Are the variables normally distributed?
e.
What is the 95 % confidence interval for the pH?
f.
What is the 99 % confidence interval for the residual sugar in the wines
with a quality of 6 or greater?
g.
Using ANOVA analyze the sulfate concentration and wine quality to see if
the variation is significant.
h.
Use principle component analysis to separate the wines by quality. If all
parameters are not successful, try 5 alternatives (narrow the data set based on
correlation) to try and distinguish the quality.