BASIC ELEMENTS OF CORRECT

AND EFFECTIVE SENTENCES

#THROWBACK
Thursday

PARTS OF SPEECH

TOPIC 1:

SENTENCE

WHAT IS A SENTENCE?

is a word or group of words expressing

a complete thought. It has a subject
(that which is spoken about in the
sentence) and a predicate (that
which is said about the subject).
(Opetina,2007)

is a group of words that expresses a

complete idea.

PARTS OF A SENTENCE

Subject
The subject is the person or thing about
which something is being stated.

Predicate
The predicate is the part of a sentence that
tells something about the subject.
The predicate always includes a verb.
"Predicate" is also a verb that means, "to
state something."

Direct Object
A direct object is a person or thing that is
affected by the action of the verb.
The direct object "receives the action of
the verb."

Indirect Object
An indirect object is a person or thing that
the action is done to or for.
The indirect object usually comes just
before the direct object.
The indirect object is the receiver of the
direct object.

Here are some tips to help you:

1) A direct object receives the action
of the verb. In other words, it is directly
affected by it.
2) An indirect object is the receiver of
the direct object, and it usually comes
just before it.

The Object of the Preposition

Click here if you want a review on what is a

preposition.

The object of the preposition is a noun or a

pronoun that completes its meaning.

The Object of the Preposition

The object of the preposition is a noun or a
pronoun that completes its meaning.

Transitive Verbs

and Intransitive Verbs

Not every verb takes a direct object.

The direct object completes the meaning of the

verb, but not every verb needs completion.
Definitions

Linking Verbs

A linking verb is a verb that connects the

subject with an adjective or a noun that
identifies or describes it.

Complements

A complement is a word or a group of words

(usually an adjective or a noun), that is used
after linking verbs (such as be and become).
The complement identifies or describes the
subject of the verb.

CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCES
ACCORDING TO:

PURPOSE
1. Declarative sentences state an idea. They
end with a period (.).
2. Exclamatory sentences show strong
emotions. They end with an exclamation
mark (!).

CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCES
ACCORDING TO:

PURPOSE
3. Interrogative sentences ask a question. As
you would expect, they end with a question
mark (?).
4. Imperative sentences give orders or
directions, and so end with a period(.) or an
exclamation mark (!).

CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCES

A sentence may consist of one

clause (independent clause) or
more clauses (independent and
dependent clauses).
An independent clause is also
called main clause. A dependent
clause is also called subordinate
clause.

CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCES
ACCORDING TO:

STRUCTURE
1. Simple Sentence
consists of only one independent clause
containing a subject and a verb and it
expresses complete thought. There is no
dependent clause.

2. Compound Sentence (Coordination)

consists of at least two independent clauses
joined by coordinating conjunctions. There
is no dependent clause in compound
sentence.
The coordinating conjunctions use to join
independent clauses are for, and, nor, but,
or, yet, so.
Independent clauses can also be joined by
a semicolon (;). A comma may or may not
be used before the conjunction in
compound sentence.

IC

IC

(Independent (Independent
Clause)
Clause)

= COMPOUND
SENTENCE

I like an apple but my brother likes a

mango.
I helped him and he became happy.
He failed two times yet he is not
disappointed.
I asked him a question; he replied
correctly.

3. Complex Sentence (Subordination)

consists of one independent clause and at
least one dependent clause joined by
subordinating conjunction (because,
although, since, when, unless etc) or
relative pronoun (that, who, which etc).

IC

DC

(Independent (Dependent

Clause)

Clause)

= COMPLEX
SENTENCE

I met the boy who had helped

me.
She is wearing a shirt which
looks nice.
You cant pass the test unless
you study for it.

If a complex sentence begins with

an independent clause, a comma
is NOT USED between clauses.
If a complex sentence begins with
dependent clause then a comma
is use after dependent clause.

You can't type unless you

practice.

Unless you practice, you can't

type.

4. Complex-Compound Sentence
consists of at least two independents and
one or more dependent clauses.

2(+) IC

DC(+) =

COMPLEXCOMPOUND
SENTENCE

He went to college and I went to a market

where I bought a book.
I like Mathematics but my brother likes Biology
because he wants to be a doctor.

SOURCES:
Opetina, Grammar at Work
Ramos et.al, Developing Skills in
Grammar and Composition
RETRIEVED FROM:
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/definitions.htm

http://www.really-learn-english.com/parts-of-a-sentence.ht

http://www.infoplease.com/cig/grammar-style/sentence-funct
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/quiz_list.htm
http://www.studyandexam.com/sentence-types.html