The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is

an international standard-setting body composed of representatives

from various national standards organizations.
Founded on 23 February 1947, the organization promotes worldwide
proprietary, industrial and commercial standards. It is headquartered
in Geneva, Switzerland, and as of 2013 works in 164 countries.
It was one of the first organizations granted general consultative
status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council.
ISO, the International Organization for Standardization, is an
independent, non-governmental organization, the members of which
are the standards organization of the 164 member countries. It is the
world's largest developer of voluntary international standards and
facilitates world trade by providing common standards between
nations. Nearly twenty thousand standards have been set covering
everything from manufactured products and technology to food
safety, agriculture and healthcare
According to the ISO, as its name in different languages would have
different abbreviations ("IOS" in English, "OIN" in French,
etc.). However, during the founding meetings of the new organization,
this Greek word was not evoked, so this explanation may have been
imagined later
Both the name "ISO" and the logo are registered trademarks, and
their use is restricted
Use of the standards aids in the creation of products and services
that are safe, reliable and of good quality. The standards help
businesses increase productivity while minimizing errors and waste.
By enabling products from different markets to be directly compared,
they facilitate companies in entering new markets and assist in the
development of global trade on a fair basis. The standards also serve
to safeguard consumers and the end-users of products and services,
ensuring that certified products conform to the minimum standards
set internationally

ISO has 162 national members,out of the 206 total countries in the
world.
ISO has three membership categories:

Member bodies are national bodies considered the most

representative standards body in each country. These are the only
members of ISO that have voting rights.

Correspondent members are countries that do not have their

own standards organization. These members are informed about
ISO's work, but do not participate in standards promulgation.

Subscriber members are countries with small economies. They

pay reduced membership fees, but can follow the development of
standards.

Participating members are called "P" members, as opposed to

observing members, who are called "O" members.

ISO 5817 :
ISO 5817:2014 provides quality levels of imperfections in
fusion-welded joints (except for beam welding) in all types of
steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys. It applies to material
thickness 0,5 mm. It covers fully penetrated butt welds
and all fillet welds. Its principles can also be applied to
partial-penetration butt welds.(Quality levels for beam
welded joints in steel are presented in ISO 13919-1.)
Three quality levels are given in order to permit application
to a wide range of welded fabrication. They are designated
by symbols B, C and D. Quality level B corresponds to the
highest requirement on the finished weld. Several types of
loads are considered, e.g. static load, thermal load, corrosion
load, pressure load. Additional guidance on fatigue loads is
given. The quality levels refer to production and good
workmanship.

ISO 5817:2014 is applicable to non-alloy and alloy steels,

nickel and nickel alloys, titanium and titanium alloys,
manual, mechanized and automatic welding,all welding
positions, all types of welds (e.g. butt welds, fillet welds and
branch connections), and the following welding processes
and their sub-processes as defined in ISO 4063: 11 metal-arc
welding without gas protection; 12 submerged-arc welding;
13 gas-shielded metal-arc welding; 14 gas-shielded arc
welding with non-consumable tungsten electrodes; 15
plasma arc welding; 31 oxy-fuel gas welding (for steel only).
ISO 6520 :
ISO 6520-2:2013 collects and classifies the possible imperfections in
welds made with pressure. A uniform designation is specified. Only
the type, shape, and dimensions of the different imperfections caused
by welding with pressure are included. Metallurgical deviations are
not taken into account. Imperfections produced other than by the
welding operation, e.g. additional stresses, loads or environmental
factors, are not covered by ISO 6520-2:2013.
Information concerning the consequences of the imperfections
mentioned and the use of particular structures is not given, because
this depends on the specific requirements of the joint.
ISO 10042 :
ISO 10042:2005 specifies quality levels for imperfections in arcwelded joints in aluminium and its alloys. It applies to material
thicknesses above 0,5 mm. It covers full-penetration butt welds and
all fillet welds. The principles of the standard may also be applied to
partial-penetration butt welds.

Three quality levels are given in order to permit application to a wide

range of welded constructions. The quality levels refer to production
quality and not to the fitness for purpose of the product manufactured.
The standard applies to:

o
o
o

all types of weld, e.g. butt welds, fillet welds and branch
connections;
the following welding processes and their sub-processes
as defined in ISO 4063:
131....metal inert gas welding (MIG welding); gas
metal arc welding /USA/,
141....tungsten inert gas welding (TIG welding);
gas tungsten arc welding /USA/,
15......plasma arc welding;
manual, mechanized and automatic welding;
all welding positions.
Metallurgical aspects, e.g. grain size, hardness, are not covered by
the standard.