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M)
o.k.
= *(0.87fy)/(4*1.2*1.6) = 47.01
500
mm
= 752mm.
Check for cracking:
Clear distance between bars = [(250-(2*25)-(3*16)]/2
= 76mm<180mm
250mm
(o.k)
say 1170mm.
Min.distance at which any bar can be curtailed from the fixed end is Ld = 752mm<
1170mm(o.k.)
Further ,the remaining 2-16 bars must be continued upto a length Ld beyond the
Actual cutoff point in order to develop their full tensile strength at that section.
Design of sunshade:
(1)Breadth and depth:
The 750mm wide sunshade act as a cantilever with clear span = 0.75m
It will be designed for a unit width and the same reinforcement will be provided in the
entire width.
Let the overall thickness of sunshade be 1/10 th of span = 750/10 =75mm
(2) Loads and bending moment:
too small
adopt 75mm overall depth at the fixed end and 50mm overall depth at free end.
Effective depth at fixed end = 75-15-6/2 =57mm > 19.1mm (O.K.)
Depth provided is larger than the depth required for a balanced section. and here the
section become under reinforced section.
(4) Steel for B.M.:
Mu= 0.87*fy*Ast*(d-0.42xu)
Where xu = [(0.87*fy*Ast)/(0.36*fck*b)] = [(0.87*415*Ast)/(0.36*20*1000)]
= 0.05Ast
1.002*10^6 =0.87*415*Ast*[57-0.42(0.05Ast)]
Ast-2707.5Ast+131842 =0
Ast = 50mm
However minimum Ast = 0.12%of b*D
= 0.12/100*1000*(75+50/2)= 75mm
Therefore provide minimum Ast = 75mm
Using 6mm, spacing = (28.5/75)*1000 = 380mm
<3*d = 3*75 = 171mm
<450mm
Therefore provide 6mm@ 170mmc/c at top of sunshade as shown in fig. also provide
distribution steel in the transverse direction @0.12%of b*D = 75mm
Therefore provide 6mm@170mm c/c.
(safe.)
(safe.)
In order to develop full tensile strength at the face of support, extended the reinforcement
for a length Ld in to the support Ld = ( s)/(4bd) = 47 = 47*6 = 282mm
Design of lintel:
The clear span of lintel = 2m
Assuming width of bearing on either side as 300mm
Assume breadth of lintel = thickness of wall = 0.3m
Assume depth of lintel, d = l/10 =200mm
D, overall depth of lintel = 200+40 = 240mm
Effective span is given by
(1) c/c of bearings = 2+0.3/2+0.3/2 = 2.3m
(2) clear span + d = 2+0.2 = 2.2m
The least of the above is effective span, l =2.2m
(assumed)
(o.k)
Depths provide is larger than depth required for a balanced section. And hence the section
becomes under reinforced section.
Steel for B.M:
Mu = 0.87*fy*Ast(d- 0.42xu)
Where xu = [(0.87*fy*Ast)/(0.36*fck*b)] = [(0.87*415*Ast)/(0.36*20*300)]
= 0.167Ast.
21.61*10^6 = 0.87*415*Ast(200-0.42*0.167Ast)
21.61*10^6 = 72210Ast-25.27Ast
Ast = 340mm
Minimum Ast = 0.85bd/fy = 0.85*300*200/415 = 123mm <Ast required
Provide Ast = 340mm
No of 16mm required = 340/211 = 1.7~2 bars
Provide 2-16mm at bottom
Check for deflection:
Actual l/d = 2200/201 = 11
Allowable l/d = (basic l/d)****
(o.k)
= 150-25-3*16+8*16+100 = 305mm
1.3(M1/V)+Lo = 1.3*[(24.94*10^6)/(35.73*10)]+305 = 1212mm > Ld
(safe)
T- Beam floor
A hall of internal dimensions of 6m*15m has beans spaced at 3m c/c. the
beams are supported by wall around 300mm thick design the T-beam roof for a live
load intensity of 1.5KN/m use M20mix and Fe415 steel.
ly/lx = 6/3 = 2
Therefore the slab is designed as one way slab
Design of intermediate slab
Assume width of beam = 300mm.
Thickness of slab from deflection criteria:
lx/d = 26
Assume = 1.2
d = lx/ (26*1.2) = 3000/(26*1.2) = 96mm
Assuming a clear cover of 15mm for 10mm bars.
Overall depth, D = 96+15+10/2 = 120mm.
Provide D = 120mm.
Effective depth provide = 120-20 = 100mm.
(o.k)
the depth provide is larger than the depth required for a balanced section, the section
becomes U.R section
Steel for B.M:
For U.R sections,
Ast for ve B.M = (0.5*fck*b*d/fy)*[1-(1-((4.6*Mu)/(fck*b*d)))]
= (0.5*20*1000*100/415)*[1-(1-((4.6*5.47*10^6)/(20*1000*100)))]
= 157mm.
Ast for +ve B.M = (0.5*fck*b*d/fy)*[1-(1-((4.6*Mu)/(fck*b*d)))]
= 0.5*20*1000*100/415)*[1-(1-((4.6*4.1*10^6)/(20*1000*100)))]
= 116mm <Ast minimum
Therefore provide minimum Ast = 0.12% 0f b*D = (0.12/100)*1000*120 = 144mm.
Using 8mm, spacing = (a/Ast)*1000 = 50/157)*1000 = 318mm c/c
But the spacing should not exceed
3*d = 3*100 = 300mm
450mm
Provide 8mm @ 300mm c/c on top at supports.
At mid span (for +ve B.M)
Using 8mm, spacing = (a/Ast)*1000 = (50/144)*1000 = 347mm c/c
But spacing should not exceeded
3*d = 3*100 = 300mm
450mm.
Therefore provide 8mm 300mm c/c at bottom near the mid span.
Distribution steel @0.12% of c.s area = 144mm
Provide 8mm@
(50/144)*1000 = 347mm
(o.k)
(safe)
> Ld
(safe)
Design of beam:
(1) breadth and depth of the beam:
Clear span of the beam = 6m
Assume depth as 1/15 of L = (1/15)*6000 = 400mm
Overall depth = 400+50eff cover = 450mm.
Let breadth of the beam = 300mm
Effective span:
(1) clear span +c/c of bearings = 6000+300/2+300/2 = 6300mm
(2) clear span +d = 6000+400 = 6400mm
The least of the above is l = 6300mm
Effective flange width = (lo/6)+bw+6Df = (6300/6)+300+(6*120) = 2070mm <3000mm
Therefore take bf = 2070mm
(3) loads and B.M:
Steel:
Equating M.R to design B.M,
Mu = 0.87*fy*Ast(d- 0.42xu)
Ast = (0.5*fck*b*d/fy)*[1-(1-((4.6*Mu)/(fck*b*d)))]
= (0.5*20*2070*400/415)*[1-(1-((4.6*141.6*10^6)/(20*2070*400)))]
= 1005mm.
xu = (0.87*415*1005)/(0.36*20*2070) = 24.34mm< Df
Therefore our assumption is correct.
Minimum Ast = (0.85*bw*d)/fy
= (0.85*300*400)/415 = 246mm.
Provide 1005mm.
Using 16mm, no of bars = 1005/201 = 5 bars.
Provide 5-16mm bars at bottom.
Check for deflection:
Actual l/d = 6300/400 = 15.75
Allowable l/d = (basic l/d)****
% of steel = [(5*201)/(2070*400)] = 0.12%
Stress in steel = 0.58*fy*(Ast req/Ast prov) = 240N/mm
from fig. 4 of IS 456 = 2
modification factor for flanged section- related to ratio of (web width/ flange width)
= 300/2070 = 0.145
= 0.8
= 2*50*0.87*415/(0.4*300)
= 301 mm
(3) 0.75d
>Ld
(O.K)
concrete
and
HYSD
bars.Design
300 mm
as
per
LSD
method.
600 mm
A).
Mu = 80 kN-m
Vu = 70 kN
Tu = 40 kN-m
Ve
283.3 * 10 3
1.72 N / mm 2
bd
300 * 450
Longitudinal steel
Equivalent B.M = Me1 = Mu + Mt.
l D /b
1 600 / 300
40
70.6kN .m.
1. 7
1. 7
Where, M t Tu
Me1 = 80 +70.6
= 150.6 kN m.
Since d available is greater than drequired for a balanced section,the section will be designed as
U.R.Beam.
Ast
0.5 fckbd
fy
1 1
4.6 M e1
fckbd 2
415
20 * 300 * 550 2
=849.5 mm2
min Ast
0.85bd
0.85 * 300 * 550
Tu Sv
VuSv
b1
d1
157.08
b [2 (25) + 2 (16/2)]
300 66 = 234
40 * 10 6 * Sv
70 * 10 3 * Sv
1.10Sv
Sv
142 mm
Asv
(ve - c) b Sv
0.87 fy
157.08
2).
157.08
282.15 mm.
Spacing , Sv = x1
x1
= 234 + 16 + 10 = 260 mm
y1
4)
x1 y1 260 526
196.5
4
4
5)
300 mm.
Provide stirrups at 140 c/c
As the depth is greater than 450mm provide side face reinforcement @ 0.1% of
0.1
* 300 * 600 180mm 2
100
Using 12 , no of bars
180
= 1.59 2.
113
Provide 2-12 on each side, and also provide 2-12 at top as anchor bars
Reinforcement details